湖南省师大附中等八校2021-2022学年高三上学期第一次联考英语试题

这是一份湖南省师大附中等八校2021-2022学年高三上学期第一次联考英语试题，共22页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，其他应用文，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。
湖南师大附中等八校2021-2022学年高三上学期第一次联考英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________


一、阅读理解
Gold Fame Citrus
by Claire Vaye Watkins（$ 5.99）
With the flight of its characters through a landscape destroyed by climate crisis, this novel does not indicate much hopefulness for the future. Within it is a series of situations and consequences made more severe in a future California short of water. Across the desert. we follow Watkins' characters through a place so transformed that it needs its own field guide of animals newly adapted for strange survival.
The Ministry for the Future
by Kim Stanley Robinson（$ 18.1）
The Ministry for the Future is a masterpiece of the imagination, using fictional eyewitness accounts to tell the story of how climate will affect us all. Its setting is not a deserted world, but a future that is almost upon us. This extraordinary novel from the visionary science fiction writer will change the way you think about the climate crisis.
Breathing Fire
by Jaim Lowe（$ 27）
The front lines of the fight against climate change are peopled with those society has forgotten. Up to 30 percent of the firefighters battling wildfires in California each year are prisoners performing backbreaking labor while earning a 40th of what a civilian makes. This book follows six female prisoner firefighters and their worried families, looking into the human cost of environmental crisis.
Something Under the Sun
by Alexandra Kleeman（$ 28）
In Alexandra Kleeman's new novel, a novelist new to Los Angeles teams up with a former child actor to investigate a conspiracy（阴谋）. But this is L. A．, where wildfires burn all year long and the rich store water while the poor suffer from the consequence of climate crisis. Human weakness is pushing the city toward a disaster.
1．Which category does Breathing Fire fall into?
A．Science fiction. B．Play. C．Non-fiction. D．Biography.
2．What is Alexandra Kleeman?
A．A novelist. B．An actor. C．A firefighter. D．A minister.
3．What do the listed books have in common?
A．They are on sale. B．They show concern over climate.
C．They are intended for teenagers. D．They are set in California.

What could driving a race car and pointing a camera at the Milky Way have in common? More than you might imagine. Race car driver Bubba Wallace and photographer Batak Tefreshi journeyed together to remote Gooseberry Mesa for an adventure aimed at capturing the night sky.
Gooseberry Mesa, far from population centers, is protected from the nighttime light pollution making it perfect for star photographers. Nature night environments such as this are rare.
Camping, hiking, and shooting stars in mountainous Mesa highlight the similarity between photography and racing. Bubba notes, “Once you fire up the engine there’s no turning back-I know I’ll be in that scat for more than three hours.” Batak agrees, “I have the same feeling as soon as I touch the wheel of my camera-I’m ready to continue through the entire night.” For Bubba, developing patience allowed him to mature as a driver and is equally essential to his photography.
Seizing the moment is crucial too. “Every minute things are changing-the Earth’s shadow, the moonlight, the rise of stars, ” Batak explains. “If you lose the moment, it’s gone forever.” Bubba finds the physical and mental demands of racing as crucial when travelling in Utah’s rugged landscapes under freezing temperatures.
Think incoming clouds, wind, or mist will ruin your chance at a perfect shot? According to Batak. “With wide-angle nightscapes every unexpected weather condition can be an opportunity. Our photos show oranges and blues around the moon you wouldn’t see under a clear sky.”
The team discovered shared interests that go beyond photography. “We’re both passionate about bringing cultures together and using our work to break down boundaries,”says Batak. “The night sky has a unifying power. The sky connects the whole world under one umbrella.”
4．Why did Bubba and Batak choose Gooseberry Mesa?
A．It has a small population. B．It has ideal weather conditions.
C．It is free from light pollution. D．It has a magnificent landscape.
5．Which is required in both car racing and photography?
A．Willpower. B．Teamwork. C．Bravery. D．Creativity.
6．What does Batak think of unexpected weather as a photographer?
A．Annoying. B．Disastrous. C．Favorable. D．Challenging.
7．Which may be a message behind the team’s photography work?
A．Appreciating the night sky. B．Connecting various cultures.
C．Removing racial boundaries. D．Protecting the environment.

In gardens across Britain the grass has stopped growing, which is not drought-stricken. In fact, it is greener and cleaner than ever before. That is because the lawns(草坪)are actually artificial substitutes.
Britons are fascinated by lawns. Country estates(庄园)have long competed to have the most perfectly cut and polished grassland. “What you’re saying in big loud capital letters, is ‘I’m so terribly wealthy’” says Fiona Davison of the RHS(皇家园林协会). With the coming of grass-cutting machines in 1830, the middle classes joined the fun.
But now Britons have fallen in love with artificial grass. Evergreens UK, which sells the stuff, says it has seen a 120% rise in sales since 2015. Artificial grass is popular with families who have children or dogs and don’t want mud dragged through their houses. It has another charm factor, too—people now see gardens as “outside rooms”—pairing carpets of artificial grass with delicately decorated seating and hot containers.
Not everyone is a fan. Artificial grass contains microplastics that ruin soil and risk flooding. A study finds carthworms gain 14% less body weight when operating under rubber, a form of artificial grass, which might not be a problem for its fans, as wormholes are regular disgusting things, but it disappoints green types. Ms Davison says a group of wildlife-loving gardeners is blooming, many having caught the bug during COVID-19 lockdowns. For example, a landscape designer says they like things less neat and try “to capture that wild clement”. These cco-gardeners are influenced by rewilding projects and are more likely to be environmentalists.
While three written documents signed by many people have tried to stop artificial grass spreading, the government says regulating what people do in their backyards is wrong. The RHS is concerned about artificial grass, but prefers persuasion to laws. “We say ‘Let a hundred flowers bloom’,” says Ms Davison.
8．What can be inferred from Davison’s remark in paragraph 2?
A．She is very rich. B．The gardening competition is fierce.
C．Operating a cutting machine is fun. D．High-quality grassland is greatly valued.
9．What possibly contributes to the popularity of artificial grass?
A．Advertising campaigns. B．Gardens’ new function.
C．Messy grasslands. D．Ill-mannered children and dogs.
10．What does the underlined word “bug” mean in the fourth paragraph?
A．Interest. B．Earthworm. C．Flower. D．Virus.
11．Which of the following is a suitable title of the text?
A．The barrier of British grassland
B．The appeal of grassland for Britons
C．The fight to define the great British garden
D．The competition to become the best grassland

When asked what his father did for a living, Mike explained to his kindergarten teacher that “he steals things, but it’s OK, because he gets paid to do it. ”
He isn’t wrong. His father is a hacker(黑客), who is proud of his job, just like doctors are proud of the work they do. Thanks to security researchers’ hacking practices, leaks in a new version of the most common Wi-Fi code standard(WPA3)were found before criminals could use them to break into home and business networks. In another case, criminals found an unknown weakness in Google’s Android operating systems before security researchers did, giving the bad guys full control of more than a dozen phone models.
However, finding Mike’s father’s personalized plates for his car with the word ‘HACKING’, an employee of the Texas Department of Motor Vehicles quickly took them away, claiming that a license plate displaying “HACKING” publicized criminal activity. While this reaction really isn’t the fault of the well-intentioned employee, it’s a sign of how a deeply rooted misrepresentation of his profession has created a fixed wrong image. It seems that the way that hackers are described in Hollywood has contributed to the word ‘hacker’ paralleling ‘criminal’, where hackers are often referred to as figures in dark rooms engaged in illegal activity while tapping at keyboards.
But actually, hacking is just an activity. What separates any activity from a crime is, very often, permission. People are free to drive, but they do not have permission to drive 150 miles per hour, which is a criminal offense. Since a driver is just a driver, why must a hacker be a criminal? Someone who engages in the illegal use of hacking should not be called a ‘bad hacker’ but a ‘cybercriminal’. Contrary to popular belief, most hackers like Mike’s father undoubtedly play an important role in keeping companies and people safe.
12．What did Mike’s son think of Mike’s job?
A．Admirable. B．Amazing. C．Acceptable. D．Annoying.
13．What does the second paragraph mainly talk about concerning the hackers’ job?
A．Its weakness. B．Its importance. C．Its variety D．Its security.
14．Why does the writer mention ‘Hollywood’ in paragraph 3?
A．To entertain the renders. B．To question the employee’s claim.
C．To clarify the concept of hacking. D．To trace the wrong image of hackers.
15．What message does the author really want to convey in the text?
A．Hacking mostly counts. B．Hacking is actually a crime.
C．Hacking is popular with people. D．Hacking needs licenses.


二、七选五
Walking in the city is very different from walking in the park. A small psychology study suggests urban environments can slow your step and possibly increase your mental load. 16． It can case your mind and quicken your pace. The findings show that natural settings may potentially reduce cognitive(认知的)tiredness and improve reaction times straight away. 17．
The first of the two experiments in the new study focused on people’s way of walking and cognitive load. During this trial, participants were fitted with sensors and a dozen motion control cameras were set up to watch them repeatedly walk down a l5-metre room at their natural speed. The wall opposite them showed an image of either a nature scene or a city scene. 18． On the whole, when walking in city settings, people reported that they felt more uncomfortable and they walked at a slower pace, indicating a higher cognitive load.
19． In the trial, participants were asked to distinguish between basic visual shapes on the computer while also in the presence of a natural or urban image(the same ones from the first experiment).
Measuring reaction times in both natural and urban settings, the team found results to support their idea. In urban environments, participants were slower in distinguishing between simple shapes. 20． Our brains take longer to process. However, more research is needed to prove that idea.
A.Nature influences us in many ways.
B.The second dug into some higher-level cognitive processes.
C.A walk through nature does the opposite, though.
D.They said they couldn’t concentrate properly after walking.
E.After each participants were asked to rate their discomfort.
F.The reason is that urban environments are more distracting.
G.The study includes two experiments with two different approaches.


三、完形填空
Some folks spend decades looking for their best friends. I was 21 enough to find mine in Grade 7 at my senior school –eight 22 girls.
As we progressed to high school, a couple of girls 23 and a couple of new ones wormed their way in. By the end of Grade 12, the group had more or less 24 into its final form, one that’s remained remarkably 25 for the past 20 years.
Among our many 26 is an annual Christmas exchange. This event first 27 when we were 12. We set it up on the long, sticky cafeteria tables at our school to swap 28 gifts bought with our babysitting money. In following years, we’d 29 a night of it, watching movies and ordering pizza in parents’ living rooms, 30 moving into our own shabby student apartments, into slightly less shabby adult apartments and then into our first 31 .
At the beginning, we gave each other butterfly hair clips and so on. Those 32 bright mall jewellery and cheerful housewares as we began nesting in our 20s and baby clothes once we started having 33 in our 30s.
Holidays with family can be 34 , but our exchange offered something else:a chance for my friends and me to 35 our own traditions and play at being grown-ups.
21．A．cautious B．astonished C．lucky D．clever
22．A．mature B．teenage C．fashionable D．strange
23．A．dropped out B．dropped in C．showed up D．showed off
24．A．broken B．forced C．separated D．united
25．A．secret B．long C．natural D．complete
26．A．hobbies B．traditions C．ceremonies D．rules
27．A．caught on B．took place C．broke out D．fell down
28．A．fancy B．expensive C．modest D．generous
29．A．repeat B．add C．search D．make
30．A．instantly B．literally C．eventually D．consequently
31．A．homes B．schools C．shelters D．offices
32．A．held on to B．gave way to C．catered to D．adapted to
33．A．salaries B．jobs C．kids D．families
34．A．rare B．practical C．inspiring D．cosy
35．A．create B．reform C．apply D．recognize

四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I’ve had my fair share of travelling around China, and a recent week-long trip to Guizhou was my first time to the province. I tried looking up the meaning and significance of the name Guizhou before the trip, 36． (basic)to have a reasonable idea of what was in store for me. But that was 37． hard task so I inquired from a Chinese colleague on the trip. From what she said, initially the province 38． (name)after a famous mountain called “Gui”, sort of noble in literal translation and “zhou”, which simply means province in Chinese. 39． (keep)that in mind I set out on a journey of discovery and 40． I found was mind-blowing, a photographer’s paradise. Generally 41． (describe)as a mountainous province in southwestern China, with Guiyang as 42． (it)capital, the province is truly one of nature’s best kept secrets. Compared to other leading 43． (province)in China, with regard 44． development, Guizhou has some catching-up to do. However, the province remains unique not only for its amazing landscape, 45． for the role it played in the political history of modern China and the role it is to play in the world.


五、其他应用文
46．你校将举办英语演讲比赛。请你以“My dream job”为题写一篇发言稿参赛. 内容包括：
1. 你的理想工作；
2. 你选择的理由。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
My dream job
Good morning, everyone.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
六、读后续写
47．阅读下而材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A Run to Remember
Thirteen can be a challenging age. Not only did I have to adapt to my changing body. I also had to deal with my parents’ bitter divorce, a new family and the upsetting move from my country home to a crowded suburb.
When we moved, my beloved companion, a small brown pony(小马), had to be sold.
Feeling helpless and alone, I couldn’t eat or sleep, and I cried all of the time. I missed my family, my home and my pony. Finally, my father, realizing how much I missed my pony, purchased an old red horse for me at a local market.
My horse, Cowboy, was without a doubt the ugliest horse in the world. He was pigeon-toed and knock-kneed. But I didn’t care about his faults. I loved him beyond all reasons.
I joined a riding club and faced rude comments and mean snickers about Cowboy’s looks. I never let on how I felt, but deep down inside, my heart was breaking. The other members rode beautiful registered horses.
When Cowboy and I entered the events where the horse is judged on appearance, we were quickly out of the game. I finally realized that my only chance to compete would be in the timed-speed events. I chose barrel racing(绕桶赛), an event in which a horse and its rider attempt to complete a triangular pattern around three barrels in the fastest time.
One girl named Becky rode a big brown horse in the race events. She always won the blue ribbons. Needless to say, she didn’t feel threatened when I competed against her at the next show. She didn’t need to. I came in next to last.
The bitter memory of Becky’s smirks(得意的笑)made me determined to beat her. For the whole next month, I woke up early every day and rode Cowboy five miles to the arena(运动场地). We practiced for hours in the hot sun and then I would walk Cowboy home. On the way home I would be so tired; those five miles seemed twice as long.
All of our hard work didn’t make me feel confident by the time the show came. I sat at the gate and sweated it out while I watched Becky and her horse charge through the pattern of barrels, finishing the course with case.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
My turn finally came.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
No cheers filled the air when I finished my show.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


参考答案
1．C
2．A
3．B
【分析】
本文为一篇应用文，介绍了以气候危机为写作背景的四本书。
1．
推理判断题。根据Breathing Fire中最后一句“This book follows six female prisoner firefighters and their worried families, looking into the human cost of environmental crisis.”（这本书描写了六名女囚犯消防员和她们忧心忡忡的家人，探讨了环境危机的人力成本。）可知，该书跟踪描写了6名女囚犯消防员的故事，所以应该是非虚构文学。故选C项。
2．
推理判断题。根据Something Under the Sun中关键句“In Alexandra Kleeman's new novel, a novelist new to Los Angeles teams up with a former child actor to investigate a conspiracy.”（在亚历山德拉·克里曼的新小说中，一位刚到洛杉矶的小说家与一名前童星合作，调查一起阴谋。）可知Alexandra Kleeman是Something Under the Sun一书的作者，因此，他的职业是小说家。故选A项。
3．
细节理解题。通览全文可知，每一本小说都是将气候危机(climate crisis)作为写作背景，因此，它们都展示了作者对于气候危机的担忧和思考。故选B项。

4．C
5．A
6．C
7．B
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了赛车手 Bubba Wallace 和摄影师 Batak Tefreshi 一起前往Gooseberry Mesa 进行一场旨在捕捉夜空美景的冒险经历。
4．
细节理解题。根据第二段的“Gooseberry Mesa, far from population centers, is protected from the nighttime light pollution making it perfect for star photographers. Nature night environments such as this are rare.（Gooseberry Mesa 远离人口中心，不受夜间光污染的影响，非常适合星空摄影师。像这样的自然夜间环境很少见）”可知，Bubba 和 Batak 选择 Gooseberry Mesa的原因在于它没有光污染。故选C。
5．
推理判断题。根据第三段的“Camping, hiking, and shooting stars in mountainous Mesa highlight the similarity between photography and racing. Bubba notes, “Once you fire up the engine there’s no turning back-I know I’ll be in that scat for more than three hours.” Batak agrees, “I have the same feeling as soon as I touch the wheel of my camera-I’m ready to continue through the entire night.” （在多山的Mesa露营、远足和拍摄星空突出了摄影和赛车之间的相似之处。Bubba指出，“一旦你发动引擎，就没有回头路，我知道我必须坐上三个小时以上”。Batak 表示同意，“我一摸到相机就有同样的感觉，我就要准备好整夜奋战了”）”可知，第三段首句点明了赛车和摄影的相似之处。开车的Bubba和拿起相机的Batak 都需要长时间地坚持下去来捕捉美丽的夜景，即赛车和摄影都需要的是毅力。故选A。
6．
推理判断题。根据第五段中的“With wide-angle nightscapes every unexpected weather condition can be an opportunity. Our photos show oranges and blues around the moon you wouldn’t see under a clear sky. （在广角夜景中，每一个意想不到的天气状况都可能是一个机会。我们的照片显示了在晴朗的天空下看不到的月亮周围的橙色和蓝色）”推知，Batak认为不可预测的天气状况对于摄影者来说是利好的现象。故选C。
7．
推理判断题。根据第六段中的“We’re both passionate about bringing cultures together and using our work to break down boundaries.（我们都热衷于将文化融合在一起，并利用我们的工作打破界限）”推知，该团队摄影工作所传达的一个信息是：是融合各种不同的文化。故选B。

8．D
9．B
10．A
11．C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了英国人对草坪着迷，不过真草皮和人造草皮都有粉丝，政府和园林协会到底支持哪一方并不明确，这个争论仍将持续下去。
8．
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Britons are fascinated by lawns. Country estates have long competed to have the most perfectly cut and polished grassland. What you’re saying in big loud capital letters, is ‘I’m so terribly wealthy’（英国人对草坪着迷。乡村庄园长期以来一直在比拼谁拥有最完美切割和打磨的草坪。你在大肆宣扬的是‘我真是太富有了！’）”可知，人们觉得拥有完美草坪就是一种富有, 说明人们很重视此事，即高品质的草坪备受推崇。故选D。
9．
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Artificial grass is popular with families who have children or dogs and don’t want mud dragged through their houses. It has another charm factor, too—people now see gardens as “outside rooms”—pairing carpets of artificial grass with delicately decorated seating and hot containers.（人造草坪很受有孩子或狗的家庭的欢迎，他们不想让泥土进入他们的房子。它还有另一个魅力因素：人们现在将花园视为“室外房间”，将人造草地毯与装饰精美的座椅和热容器配对）”可知，人造草坪可以避免孩子和狗把泥巴带入到房间里弄脏地面以及它可以充当室外房间的功能有助于人造草坪的普及，即花园的新功能有助于人造草坪的普及。故选B。
10．
词义猜测题。根据第四段的“Ms Davison says a group of wildlife-loving gardeners is blooming.（Ms Davison说热爱野生动物的做园艺活的人越来越多）”可知，这些人是在疫情封锁期间开始对做园艺活感兴趣的，因此interest一词可以解释划线词。catch the interest：勾起（某人的）兴趣。故选A。
11．
主旨大意题。根据第三段的“But now Britons have fallen in love with artificial grass. （但现在英国人已经爱上了人造草）”可知，人造草皮有它的粉丝；根据第四段的“Not everyone is a fan. （不是每个人都是粉丝）”可知，有的人并不喜欢人造草皮；由此可知，真草皮和人造草皮都有粉丝。根据最后一段“While three written documents signed by many people have tried to stop artificial grass spreading, the government says regulating what people do in their backyards is wrong. The RHS is concerned about artificial grass, but prefers persuasion to laws. “We say ‘Let a hundred flowers bloom’,” says Ms Davison.（虽然许多人签署的三份书面文件试图阻止人造草的蔓延，但政府表示，规范人们在后院的行为是错误的。皇家园林协会关注人造草，但更喜欢去做说服工作而不是采取法律手段解决问题。Ms Davison说：“就让百花齐放吧”！）”由此可知，政府和园林协会到底支持哪一方并不明确。因此C项（一场定义好的英国花园的斗争）可以作为标题。故选C。

12．C
13．B
14．D
15．A
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“黑客”这份职业的重要性。
12．
推理判断题。根据第一段“When asked what his father did for a living, Mike explained to his kindergarten teacher that“he steals things, but it's OK, because he gets paid to do it. ”（当被问及他的父亲是做什么的时候，迈克向他的幼儿园老师解释 说:“他偷东西，但没关系，因为他是为此而赚钱的。”）可知，Mike对于父亲的职业是认可的。故选C项。
13．
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Thanks to security researchers’ hacking practices, leaks in a new version of the most common Wi-Fi code standard(WPA3)were found before criminals could use them to break into home and business networks. ”（多亏了安全研究人员的黑客实践。最新版本的最常见的Wi-Fi编码标准(WPA3)在犯罪分子利用其侵入家庭和商业网络之前就被发现了漏洞）可知，该段落主要在讲述“黑客”工作的重要性。故选B项。
14．
推理判断题。从第三段最后一句话“It seems that the way that hackers are described in Hollywood has contributed to the word ‘hacker’ paralleling ‘criminal’, where hackers arc often referred to as figures in dark rooms engaged in illegal activity while tapping at keyboards. ”（看来，好莱坞对黑客的描述催生了“黑客”这个词，与“犯罪分子”同时出现。其中，黑客通常被称为那些在暗室里敲击键盘从事非法活动的人）可知, Hollywood中总是把“hackers”呈现为黑房子里用电脑犯罪的人物形象，因此导致人们对hackers的误解。因此提到“Hollywood”是为了追溯为什么会有这种误解。故选D项。
15．
主旨大意题。根据全篇描述及最后一段“Contrary to popular belief, most hackers like Mike's father undoubtedly play an important role in keeping companies and people safe.”（与人们普遍认为的相反，大多数像迈克的父亲一样的黑客无疑在保护公司和人们的安全方面发挥着重要作用）可知，本文主要是为了说明大多数像Mike的父亲一样从事这份职业的黑客是非常重要的，他们保障人们和公司的安全。故选A项。

16．C
17．G
18．E
19．B
20．F
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了在城市里散步和在公园里散步不一样并作研究讲述其原因。
16．
设空句处位于段中，需关注前后逻辑关系和词汇对应。文中第一句“Walking in the city is very different from walking in the park”（在城市里散步和在公园里散步很不一样）提到城里散步不同于公园散步；紧接着阐明城里散步的研究结果“A small psychology study suggests urban environments can slow your step and possibly increase your mental load.”（一项小型心理学研究表明，城市环境会放慢你的脚步，并可能增加你的精神负荷），那么接下来应是对在“自然中散步”的情况进行对比。C项：A walk through nature does the opposite. though.（而在大自然中漫步则恰恰相反）符合题意。故选C。
17．
根据第二段第一句“The first of the two experiments in the new study focused on people’s way of walking and cognitive load. ”（这项新研究的两个实验中的第一个集中在人们的走路方式和认知负荷上）可知设空处需要一个概括这个实验的句子，G项：The study includes two experiments with two different approaches.（该研究包括两个实验，采用两种不同的方法）符合题意。故选G。
18．
根据此段对第一个实验的描述，特别是“to watch them repeatedly walk down a 15-metre room at their natural speed”（看着他们以自然的速度反复走下15米高的房间），以及空后句中的“people reported that they felt more uncomfortable”（ 人们报告说他们感觉更不舒服）可知，参与者被要求报告他们在两种环境下不舒适度的感受，E项：After each participants were asked to rate their discomfort.（在每个实验后参与者被要求评估他们的不适后）符合题意。故选E。
19．
根据第一段段尾和第二段段首“The first of the two experiments in the new study focused on people’s way of walking and cognitive load.”（ 这项新研究的两个实验中的第一个集中在人们的走路方式和认知负荷上）对两个实验的提及，可以推断出这里讲的是第二个实验, 由此可知B项“第二种是深入研究一些更高层次的认知过程”符合题意，“higher-level cognitive”是解题的关键字眼, 和第一个实验形成递进关系，故选B。
20．
上句“the team found results to support their idea. In urban environments, participants were slower in distinguishing between simple shapes”（研究小组发现了支持他们观点的结果。在城市环境中，参与者辨别简单形状的速度较慢）是对参与者在两种环境下散步产生差异性的分析，由此推知，空处可能陈述原因。F项：The reason is that urban environments are more distracting.（原因是城市环境更容易让人分心）分析了原因，故选F。

21．C
22．B
23．A
24．D
25．D
26．B
27．B
28．C
29．D
30．C
31．A
32．B
33．C
34．D
35．A
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了自己和朋友们从小到大的友谊。
21．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很幸运，在我中学七年级的时候找到了八个十几岁的女孩。A. cautious谨慎的；B. astonished惊讶的； C. lucky幸运的；D. clever聪明的。根据后句“to find mine”（找到我的好朋友）可知，作者在七年级遇见自己的好朋友, 所以倍感幸运。故选C。
22．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很幸运，在我中学七年级的时候找到了八个十几岁的女孩。A. mature成熟的；B. teenage青少年的；C. fashionable时尚的；D. strange陌生的。根据上句“in Grade 7 at my senior school”（在我的中学七年级）可知, 她们是十几岁的女孩。故选B。
23．
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当我们升入高中时。有几个女生退出了，又有几个女生加入进来。A. dropped out退学，退出；B. dropped in顺道来访； C. showed up出现；D. showed off炫耀。 根据后文“ a couple of new ones wormed their way in”（ 又有几个新家伙加入进来了）可知, 有些人退出, 而有些人加入, 故选A。
24．
考查动词词词义辨析。句意：12年级结束时，这个小组或多或少已经形成了最终的形式。A. broken破坏；B. forced强迫；C. separated分离；D. united团结。根据后句“into its final form”(最终的形式)可知，最终我们形成了一个团队, 符合题意, 故选D。
25．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它在过去的20年里一直保持着惊人的完整性。A. secret秘密的；B. long长的；C. natural自然的； D. complete十分的，完整的。根据后文作者对这个团队友谊的描述可知, 在接下来的20年这个团队保持得相当完整, 故选D。
26．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们有许多传统，其中之一就是一年一度的圣诞节礼物的交换。A. hobbies爱好； B. traditions传统； C. ceremonies仪式； D. rules规则。根据下文“a chance for my friends and me to ____15____ our own traditions and play at being grown-ups.”可知，此处是“traditions”原词重现。故选B。
27．
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这件事第一次发生在我们12岁的时候。A. caught on理解；B. took place发生； C. broke out爆发；D. fell down摔倒。 根据后句“when we were 12.”（在我们12岁的时候）可知第一次互送礼物这个仪式是在作者12岁的时候举行的。故选B。
28．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们把它放在学校食堂黏糊糊的长桌子上，用来交换用当保姆的钱买的小礼物。A. fancy时髦的；B. expensive贵的；C. modest不太多的，一般的；D. generous慷慨的。根据“with our babysitting money”（用我们当保姆的钱）用当保姆的钱赚的零花钱买的礼物, 可知, 这个礼物不是很贵, 故选C。
29．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几年里，我们会在父母的客厅里看电影，订披萨，玩个痛快，最后搬进我们破旧的学生公寓。 A. repeat重复；B. add添加；C. search搜寻；D. make安排，准备。结合语境和下文“watching movies and ordering pizza in parents’ living rooms”可知，是作者和朋友们选定一个晚上来进行此事。故选D。
30．
考查副词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A. instantly立刻；B. literally真正地；C. eventually最后；D. consequently因此。根据下文“…into our own shabby student apartments, into slightly less shabby adult apartments”(进入我们破旧的学生公寓。搬进稍微不那么破旧的成人公寓)可知, 举行这个活动的地方, 一步步在变换, 念大学和工作租公寓是“最后”发生。故选C。
31．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：接着搬进稍微不那么破旧的成人公寓，然后搬进我们的第一个家。A. homes家；B. schools学校；C. shelters庇护所；D. offices办公室。根据作者的时间顺序和地点转移“parents’ living rooms（父母的客厅）到student apartments（学生公寓）以及adult apartments”（成人公寓）的描述, 可推断聚会的地点应该到了家里（成年后各自成立的家）。故选A。
32．
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在开始，我们给了对方蝴蝶发夹等等。当我们20多岁开始建立新家时，这些东西被明亮的商场珠宝和令人愉悦的家庭用品所取代。A. held on to坚持；B. gave way to给……让路；C. catered to迎合；D. adapted to适合。根据上句“At the beginning, we gave each other butterfly hair clips and so on”（在开始，我们给了对方蝴蝶发夹等等）以及“bright mall jewellery and cheerful housewares”（明亮的商场珠宝和令人愉悦的家庭用品）可知,送的礼物从开始送的蝴蝶型发卡到后来的商店买的珠宝，即蝴蝶发卡给珠宝让路。故选B。
33．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们30多岁开始有孩子的时候，我们开始送婴儿的衣服。A. salaries薪水；B. jobs工作； C. kids孩子；D. families家庭。根据此句中“baby clothes”（ 婴儿服）推断，此处指有了孩子后，给孩子们买衣服, 故选C。
34．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：和家人一起度假会很舒适,但我们的交流提供了其他重要的东西：我和我的朋友们有机会创造我们自己的传统，在成年时也可以一起玩。A. rare罕见的；B. practical真实的；C. inspiring鼓舞人心的；D. cosy舒适的。根据常理推断, 跟家人在一起的节日是温馨、舒适的。故选D。
35．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：和家人一起度假会很舒适,但我们的交流提供了其他重要的东西：我和我的朋友们有机会创造我们自己的传统，在成年时也可以一起玩。A. create创造；B. reform改革；C. apply应用； D. recognize辨认出。根据前文“At the beginning, we gave each other butterfly hair clips and so on. Those ____12____ bright mall jewellery and cheerful housewares as we began nesting in our 20s and baby clothes once we started having ____13____ in our 30s. ”（在开始,我们给了对方蝴蝶发夹等等。当我们20多岁开始有自己的家时，这些东西被明亮的商场珠宝和令人愉悦的家庭用品所取代，当我们30多岁开始有孩子时，这些东西被婴儿服装所取代）可知, 这一群女孩建立了自己的互送礼物的传统。故选A。

36．basically
37．a
38．was named
39．Keeping
40．what
41．described
42．its
43．provinces
44．to
45．but
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者去贵州的旅行经历及在旅行中对贵州的了解。
36．
考查副词。句意：旅行前，我试着查了一下贵州这个名字的含义和意义，基本上是为了合理地了解一下会有什么样的事情等待着自己。使用副词作状语修饰动词不定式“to have…”，basic的副词是basically。故填basically。
37．
考查冠词。句意：但那是一项艰巨的任务，所以我向旅途中的一位中国同事询问。task为可数名词，此处泛指一个任务，应用不定冠词，hard是以辅音音素开头的单词，因此使用不定冠词a。a hard task：一个艰难的任务。故填a。
38．
考查时态和语态。句意：据她说，最初该省的名字取自一座名山“贵”，直译表示有几分高贵的意思，“州”在中文中就是省的意思。根据句中的“initially”可知，讲述过去的事情，并且主语（单数意义）承受name的动作，因此谓语动词使用一般过去时的被动语态。be named after“以……来命名”。故填was named。
39．
考查现在分词。句意：牢记这一点，我开始了一段探索之旅，我发现的是一个令人兴奋的地方，一个摄影师的天堂。分析句子结构可知，keep应使用非谓语动词，它与句子主语I为逻辑主动关系，因此使用现在分词作状语。故填Keeping。
40．
考查主语从句。句意：牢记这一点，我开始了一段探索之旅，我发现的是一个令人兴奋的地方，一个摄影师的天堂。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导主语从句，从句中的谓语动词found缺少宾语，表示“某事物”，因此使用what引导主语从句。故填what。
41．
考查过去分词。句意：通常被描述为中国西南部的一个山区省份，以贵阳为首府，该省确实是大自然中保守得最好的秘密之一。分析句子结构可知， describe在句子中为非谓语动词，它与句子主语 the province 为被动关系，因此使用过去分词作状语。故填described。
42．
考查物主代词。句意：通常被描述为中国西南部的一个山区省份，以贵阳为首府，该省确实是大自然中保守得最好的秘密之一。修饰capital作定语应该使用形容词性物主代词，it的形容词性物主代词是its。故填its。
43．
考查名词的数。句意：与中国其他领先的省份相比，在发展方面，贵州还有一些要追赶的地方。province是可数名词，前有other修饰，因此province应该变复数。故填provinces。
44．
考查固定短语。句意：与中国其他领先的省份相比，在发展方面，贵州还有一些要追赶的地方。固定短语with regard to：关于，在……方面，就……而论。故填to。
45．
考查固定结构。句意：然而，该省的独特之处不仅在于其令人惊叹的景观，还在于它在近代中国政治史上所扮演的角色以及它在世界上所扮演的角色。not only…but （also）…：不但……而且……，该句中的 “not only…but （also）…” 连接了两个并列的短语“for its amazing landscape”和“for the role”。故填but。
46．参考范文
My dream job
Good morning, everyone. I feel it an honor to address a speech titled "My dream job".
Of the wide range of jobs around us, I will choose to be a teacher. My mother accounts for my choice first. Her commitment to teaching and happiness of being a teacher motivate me. Additionally, it is the inquisitive faces from my future students that reinforce my idea. At last, I am eager to make a difference to those for whom education is their only ticket to success.
Not only will I spare no effort to learn my lessons, but I will also develop some qualities required to be a good teacher. Thank you!
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给学校即将举行的演讲比赛写一篇题目为“My dream”的发言稿参赛。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
发表演讲：address a speech→ deliver a speech
另外：additionally→ besides
不留余力做某事： spare no effort to do sth. →do one's level best to do sth.
激励：motivate → inspire
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句： I feel it an honor to address a speech titled "My dream job".
拓展句： I feel it an honor to address a speech whose title is "My dream job".
【点睛】
[高分句型1]Additionally, it is the inquisitive faces from my future students that reinforce my idea. （运用了that引导的限定性定语从句）
[高分句型2]At last, I am eager to make a difference to those for whom education is their only ticket to success.（运用了介词for +which引导的限定性定语从句）
47．参考范文
My turn finally came. As I urged Cowboy forward, he stumbled, and almost fell, much to the delight of the other riders. I jammed my hat down on my head, stroked Cowboy's big red neck and entered the arena. At the signal, we dashed toward the first barrel, quickly whipped around it and with perfect precision rounded the second and thundered on to the third. We tore around the final curve and shot for the finish line.
No cheers filled the air when I finished my show. The end of our run was met with surprised silence. With the sound of my heart pounding in my ears, I heard the announcer call our time. Cowboy and I had beaten Becky and her proud fancy horse! I gained much more than a blue ribbon that day. At thirteen, I realized that I'd always come out a winner if I wanted something badly enough to work for it. I can be the master of my own destiny.
【分析】
本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者才13岁就承受着家庭的变故，并且失去了宠物小马驹的陪伴，他很孤单，需要陪伴。父亲在当地市场买了一匹老马，尽管Cowboy很丑，她还是很喜欢他在身边；一个叫贝基的女孩骑着一匹棕色的大马参加比赛，当作者在与她竞争时，她轻易的赢了，但是贝基得意的笑让作者决心打败她，并且最终做到了。
【详解】
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“终于轮到我了。”可知，第一段可描写比赛的过程。
②由第二段首句内容“当我结束我的表演时，空气中没有欢呼声。”可知，第二段可描写观众对于作者赢了贝基的惊讶以及作者的感悟。
2.续写线索：家庭变故——失落——比赛失败——锻炼——获胜——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①搬家： move/go away from home
②冲：dash/rush
③获得：gain/get
情绪类
①失落的：down / heart-breaking/upset
②高兴的：delighted/happy
【点睛】
[高分句型1]. As I urged Cowboy forward, he stumbled, and almost fell, much to the delight of the other riders. （由连接词as引导的时间状语从句）
[高分句型2]. At thirteen, I realized that I'd always come out a winner if I wanted something badly enough to work for it.（由关系代词that引导的宾语从句以及if引导的条件状语从句）