高考英语3500词熟词生义-名词学案

这是一份高考英语3500词熟词生义-名词学案，共14页。
名词
The case was dismissed in the absence of any definite proof.
此案因缺乏确凿证据而不予受理。
（absence不存在；缺乏）
They were forced to reach an accommodation with the rebels.
他们被迫与叛乱分子达成调解协议。
an Internet/email account
互联网╱电子邮件账户
She gave the police a full account of the incident.
她向警方详尽地叙述了所发生的事情。
You could tell she was just putting on an act.
你可以看出，她是在装模作样。（act假装）
a play in five acts
一出五幕剧
I gave an address to the whole class.
我在全班面前作了一次演讲。
She wanted the celebration to be a simple family affair.
她希望庆祝活动简简单单的，仅限于家人参加。（affair事件；事情）
It'll probably take ages to find a parking space.
It's been an age since we've seen them.
大概得老半天才能找到停车位。
我们有很长一段时间没有见到他们了。
*The charity has been an agent for social change.
这个慈善机构一直推动社会变革。
（agent 原动力，动因）
The room had an air of luxury.
房间具有豪华的气派。（air感觉；印象；神态）
I hate the way she puts on airs.
我不喜欢她那装腔作势的样子。
The tournament is open to both amateurs and professionals.
这次锦标赛业余选手和职业选手均可参加。
the people's anxiety for the war to end
人民对结束战争的渴望
to lodge/file an appeal
提出上诉
The police made an appeal to the public to remain calm.
to launch a TV appeal for donations to the charity
警方吁请公众保持镇静。

通过电视呼吁为该慈善事业捐赠
strict application of the law
法律的严格执行
Success as a writer demands great application.
作家要成功就得悉力以赴。（application勤奋）
The club has made an approach to a local company for sponsorship.
俱乐部已向当地一家公司寻求赞助。（approach接洽；建议；要求）
the research arm of the company
公司的科研部门
An army of ants marched across the path.
一大群蚂蚁浩浩荡荡地穿过小径。
the arrival of pay TV
The arrival of the cinema was once thought to proclaim the death of the theater.
收费电视的引进
电影院的出现，曾经一度被认为宣告了戏院的消亡。
arrival（新技术、新思想）引进，采用，推行
an arts degree
文科学位
Letter-writing is a lost art nowadays.
Appearing confident at interviews is quite an art (= rather difficult)
当今尺牍是一种已消失的技巧。
面试时表现出充满信心是一门很高的艺术。
（art技能；技术；技巧）
to suffer an heart attack
a panic attack
心脏病发作
一阵恐慌侵袭
We will explore every avenue until we find an answer.
我们会探索一切途径，直到找到答案为止。
to check your bank balance
核对银行余额
Tonight she hosts a ball for 300 guests.
今晚她做东举办一场有300名客人参加的舞会。
All babies in the hospital have name bands on their wrists.
医院里所有新生儿手腕上都套着写有名字的手环。
He jumped in and swam to the opposite bank.
他跳下水，游到对岸。
*She is that rare bird: a politician with a social conscience.
她是这么一种少见的人：有社会良知的政治家。
The board is/are unhappy about falling sales.
members of the board
董事会对销售额下降感到不满。
全体委员
Cultural exchanges are a way of building bridges between countries.
文化交流是各国之间建立联系的纽带。
to set up a business with a starting capital of £100 000
以 10 万英镑为启动资金创办一个企业
Sam looked as if he didn't have a care in the world.
萨姆看上去好像什么事都不操心似的。
（care忧虑；焦虑；令人焦虑的事）
The most serious cases were treated at the scene of the accident.
受伤最严重的人在事故现场就得到了救治。
（case病例；病案；病人；伤员）
a chain of supermarkets/a supermarket chain
连锁超市
the chains of fear/misery
恐惧的桎梏；苦难的枷锁
It was a direct challenge to the president's authority.
这是对主席权威的直接质疑。
Everyone admires her strength of character and determination.
Adventure camps are considered to be character-building.
每一个人都钦佩她坚强的性格和决心。

冒险野营生活被认为能磨练意志。
Too many people are chasing too few jobs nowadays.
如今有太多的人在角逐寥寥无几的工作职位。
a treasure chest
财宝箱
the working/middle/upper class
工人╱中产╱上层阶级
I always read her column in the local paper.
我一直读她在当地报纸上的专栏文章。
A Companion to French Literature
《法国文学指南》
I enjoy Jo's company (= I enjoy being with her).
She enjoys her own company (= being by herself) when she is travelling.
我喜欢和乔在一起。

她喜爱独自旅行。
I didn't realize you had company.
我不知道你有客人。
Within the compass of a normal sized book such a comprehensive survey was not practicable.
在通常一本书的篇幅中要作如此全面的调查不太实际。
（compass界限；范围）
outside sb's area of competence
超出某人的权限范围
（competence权限，管辖权）
inferiority complex
自卑情结；自卑感
He is overweight and out of condition (= not physically fit).
他体重超重，健康状况不佳。
He suffers from a serious heart condition.
他患有严重的心脏病。
In the course of this life I have had a great many encounters with a great many people who have been concerned with matters of consequence.
consequence重要性
to have a healthy/strong/weak constitution
The school doctor didn't think he had a sound constitution for astronaut examination.
体质健康╱强壮╱虚弱
校医认为他没有健全的体格参加宇航员测试。（sound良好的，完整的）
*What construction do you put on this letter (= what do you think it means)?
你对这封信如何理解？
social/personal contacts
I've made some useful contacts in journalism.
社会上的╱私下的熟人
我在新闻界结交了一些有用的人。
He was a contemporary of Freud and may have known him.
他是弗洛伊德的同代人，可能认识弗洛伊德。
His decision can only be understood in context.
只有了解来龙去脉才能明白他的决定。
You should be able to guess the meaning of the word from the context.
*This quotation has been taken out of context.
你应该能从上下文猜出这个词的含义。

这条引语是断章取义。
traffic control
交通管制
Concern for the environment is at the core of our policies.
It provides a dozen definitions of a key term for us to find the heart/core of the matter.（2016江苏高考任务型）
对环境的关注是我们政策的核心。
the correction of young offenders
对失足青少年的管教（correction惩罚；惩戒）
*The employers' association was seen as a counter to union power.
雇主协会被看作是工会权力的对头。
（counter（对意见、态度等的）反对，反驳）
What course of action would you recommend?
The wisest course would be to say nothing.
你想推荐什么办法呢？
最明智的对策是缄口不语。
an event that changed the course of history
改变了历史进程的事件
His savings were a comfortable cushion against financial problems.
他的积蓄好比一个舒适的垫子，可以缓解拮据之苦。（cushion起缓冲作用的事物）
*The definition of the digital TV pictures is excellent.
数字电视图像的清晰度很高。
Any departure from the terms and conditions of the contract must be advised in writing.
任何与合同条款相背离的地方，都应以书面形式通知。（advise通知，正式告知）
mineral/gold/coal deposits
矿床；金矿；煤藏（deposit沉积物）
the great Depression of the 1930s
20世纪 30 年代的经济大萧条
a writer of great wisdom and depth
His ideas lack depth.
有卓越智慧和洞察力的作家
他的想法缺乏深度。
It happened—whether by accident or design—that the two of them were left alone after all the others had gone.
不知道是偶然还是有意安排，其他人走后，竟然只剩下他们两个人。
（design意图；目的）
The report was a device used to hide rather than reveal problems.
这份报告不是揭露问题而是为掩盖问题而耍的花招。（device花招；计谋；诡计）
He showed great discrimination in his choice of friends.
to learn discrimination between right and wrong
他在择友方面颇具慧眼。

学会分辨是非
（discrimination识别力；辨别力）
Her article is a discussion of the methods used in research.
她这篇文章论述的是研究中使用的方法。
（discussion详述；论述）
The distance between fashion and art remains as great as ever.
The government is keen to put some distance between itself and these events.
时尚与艺术之间的差别之大依然如故。

政府急于表示本身与这些事件无关。
a writer of distinction
优秀作家
She had the distinction of being the first woman to fly the Atlantic.
她不同凡响，是第一个飞越大西洋的女子。
（distinction特质；特点；不同凡响）
a fair division of time and resources
时间和资源的合理分配
There are deep divisions in the party over the war.
党内对于这场战争存在着严重的分歧。
the divorce between religion and science
宗教与科学的分裂（divorce分离；脱离）
*You couldn't help being thrilled by the drama of the situation.
这充满激情的场面令人不禁激动不已。
A powerful human drama was unfolding before our eyes.
一个极富人情味的戏剧性事件在我们的眼前上演了。
a fire drill
消防演习
What's the drill for claiming expenses?
报销费用的手续是什么？
He'll do very well—he has tremendous drive.
他会干得很出色的，他干劲十足。
There was a smell of trampled grass and earth.
有踩烂的青草与泥土的味道。
We need to make substantial economies.
to fly economy (class)
我们需要厉行节约。
乘坐经济舱（economy节约；节俭）
The company needs to improve its competitive edge.
They have the edge on/over us.
公司需要提高它的竞争力。
（edge优势）
他们略胜我们一筹。
*The insurance policy covers all baggage and personal effects.
这份保险单为全部行李和个人财产提供保险。
Are we going to brave the elements and go for a walk?
to be exposed to the elements
我们要冒着风雨去散步吗？

经受风吹雨打
He taught me the elements of map-reading.
他教我看地图的基本方法。
his latest business enterprise
a joint enterprise
他最新的企业规划
共同事业
a job in which enterprise is required
需要事业进取精神的工作
The company made a dramatic entrance into the export market.
这家公司戏剧性地打入了出口市场。
（entrance卷入；参与）
There have been some impressive entries in the wildlife photography section (= impressive photographs).
野生动物摄影部份已有一些上佳参赛作品。
（entry参赛作品；竞赛答题；也可表示参赛，参赛人数）
an escape of gas
漏气（escape漏出，溢出，渗出（量））
*His first essay in politics was a complete disaster.
他初次涉足政坛便碰得头破血流。
（essay企图；尝试）
the essentials of English grammar
英语语法基础
*a stock exchange
证券交易所
the exercise of power by the government
政府权力的行使
*military exercises
军事演习
*We were treated to an exhibition of the footballer's speed and skill.
足球运动员表现出的速度和技术，真让我们大饱眼福。（exhibition（技能、感情或行为的）表现，显示，表演）
*His wartime exploits were later made into a film and a television series.
他战时的英勇事迹后来被改编成了电影和电视剧。
The 8:30 express to Wuhan was canceled due to the outbreak of plague.
8：30去往武汉的特快列车由于瘟疫爆发被取消了。
SF Express
顺丰快递
It's nice to see some new faces here this evening.
今晚在这儿见到一些新面孔真是太好了。
（face（某类型的）人）
*the unacceptable face of capitalism
资本主义不可接受的方面
She has a facility for languages.
她有语言天赋。
Every autumn I go to the county fair.
a craft/a book/an antique fair
每个秋季我都去县里的集市。
工艺品展销会；书市；古玩交易会
*all the fun of the fair
露天游乐园的一切乐趣
The book's virtues far outweigh its faults.
这本书优点远远大于缺点。
It's a big city but it has the feel of a small town.
这是座大城市，却给人一个小城镇的印象。
He waited for her arrival in a fever of impatience.
他焦急不安地等待她的到来。
（fever激动不安；兴奋紧张）
The excitement in the room rose to fever pitch.
房里群情激动，到了狂热的程度。
a flash of anger/inspiration, etc.
怒上心头、灵感闪现等（flash（想法的）突现；（情感的）突发）
He went through the day with his mind in a fog.
整整一天，他的头脑都是昏昏沉沉的。（fog迷惘；困惑）
I really need to get back in form.
我实在需要恢复状态。（form良好的健康状态）
There's no magic formula for a perfect marriage.
没有一个达到完美婚姻的神奇方法。
（另见2020苏北四市T32）
She can tell your fortune by looking at the lines on your hand.
她可凭看手纹替你算命。
（fortune（个人的）命运，前途）
conflicts and frictions that have still to be resolved
仍有待解决的冲突和摩擦
（friction争执；分歧；不和）
to push back the frontiers of science (= to increase knowledge of science)
开拓科学新领域
（frontier（学科或活动的）尖端，边缘）
Punishment varies according to the gravity of the offence.
处罚根据罪行的严重程度而有所不同。
He managed to cover a lot of ground in a short talk.
Despite our disagreements, we have been able to find some common ground.
他在简短的谈话中涵盖了许多领域。
尽管我们存在分歧，但仍能找到一些共同点。
（ground（兴趣、知识或思想的）范围，领域）
The real headache will be getting the bank to lend you the money.
真正的麻烦将是设法让银行贷款给你。
（headache令人头痛的人（或事物）；麻烦）
He is at the height of his career.
他正处于事业的巅峰。
The impact of the blow knocked Jack off balance.
这一记猛击把杰克打了个趔趄。
Leaving the doors unlocked is an open invitation to burglars.
出门不上锁无异于开门揖盗。
（invitation招致）
He kept a journal of his travels across Asia.
他把自己的亚洲之行记录下来了。
Check your answers in the key at the back of the book.
用书后的解答核对答案。
to move up or down the social ladder
the career ladder
爬上╱跌下社会阶梯
事业上的阶梯
You are about to participate in the next leg of your journey through life.
你即将踏上人生的下一段旅程。
They claimed victory in the second leg of the round.
他们在本轮第二回合的比赛中取得了胜利。
*Fables can be understood on various levels.
寓言可从不同的角度去理解。
*The government is taking a firm line on terrorism.
政府现在对恐怖主义采取强硬的态度。
*She decided to try a different line of argument (= way of persuading sb of sth).
她决定换另一种说理方式。

He won by a narrow margin.
他以微小的差额获胜。
a TV programme that brings science to the masses
普及科学知识的电视节目
（mass群众；平民百姓）
The reforms are unpopular with the mass of teachers and parents.
大多数教师和家长并不赞成这些改革。
*He needed to find a mean between frankness and rudeness.
他需要在坦诚与唐突之间找到折衷的方法。
The latest models will be on display at the motor show.
最新的车型将会在这次汽车展上展出。
（model样式；设计；型）
She is very sensitive by nature.
她生性很敏感。
*There was a note of amusement in his voice.
听他的口气，是觉得很有意思。（note特征；口气）
*He's a complete nut, if you ask me.
要我说，他是个十足的疯子。
a panel of experts
专家组
The police officer took down all the particulars of the burglary.
这名警察记下了窃案发生的详细情况。
The officers forced a passage through the crowd.
警察在人群中辟开一条通路。
She has shown enthusiasm in the performance of her duties.
她在工作中表现出对工作的热忱。
（performance做；执行；履行）
He is such a phenomenon——He got 430 points in the 2020 gaokao.
他真是个大佬，2020高考考了430分-公众号：新课标试卷。
（phenomenon杰出的人（或事物））
The service is being expanded following the success of a pilot scheme.
在试验性方案获得成功后，这项服务正在推广中。
The financial crisis has brought new factors into play.
财政危机已引发了新的变数。
（play活动；作用；影响）
Honesty is the best policy.
诚实为上。（policy原则；为人之道）
a pool of cars used by the firm's sales force
公司销售人员共用的车辆
The course offers a range of exciting possibilities for developing your skills.
这门课程可提供一整套新鲜活泼的技能训练-高考群：611508768-公众号：新课标试卷。（possibility机会；契机）
The house is in a bad state of repair but it has possibilities.
这房子虽亟待修缮，但仍有可资利用的价值。
（possibility潜力；改进的余地）
The Press was/were not allowed to attend the trial.
庭审谢绝新闻采访。
（press记者；新闻工作者；新闻界）
World peace is the greatest prize of all.
世界和平是最可贵的。（prize难能可贵的事物）
a profession of faith
信仰的表白（profession声明；宣称=declaration）
The day dawned bright and clear, with the promise of warm, sunny weather.
拂晓时晴空万里，预示着温暖晴朗的天气。
（promise预兆；迹象adj. promising）
I'm afraid the matter is outside my province (= I cannot or need not deal with it).
很抱歉，这事不归我管。
（province范围；领域 对比competence）
This custom is found in people of all races throughout the world.
这一习俗在全世界各种族中都有。
*There are still few women in the upper reaches of the civil service.
在高级别公务员中，女性仍然寥寥无几。
（reach（组织、体制等的）领域，部门）
Only human beings are capable of reason (= of thinking in a logical way, etc.)
只有人类才有理性思考的能力。
I can't get her to listen to reason.
我没法跟她讲道理。（reason道理；情理；明智）
It stands to reason that they'll leave if you don't pay them enough.
这是明摆着的，你不给他们足够的报酬，他们就走人。
He plays the recorder well.
他擅长吹竖笛。
in the upper/middle/lower register
在高╱中╱低声区
He's one of our regulars.
We are missing six first-team regulars because of injury.
他是我们的一位老主顾。
我们有六位一线主力队员因伤不能出场。
a sense of release after the exam
考试-高考群：611508768-公众号：新课标试卷后的解脱感
She trusted him without reserve (= completely).
她完全信任他。（reserve谨慎；保留）
*He has no inner resources and hates being alone.
他没有什么内在精神寄托，因而害怕孤独。
（resource勇气；才智；谋略）
In this respect we are very fortunate.
在这方面，我们是很幸运的。
farmers seeking to improve returns from their crops
寻求提高农作物利润的农民
the revolution of the earth around the sun
地球环绕太阳的公转（v. revolve）
the daily round of school life
学校的日常生活
There's been a rush on masks this week.
本周出现了抢购口罩的现象。
*I complained to the manager but I didn't get any satisfaction.
我向经理投诉，但问题丝毫没有得到解决。
（satisfaction（抗议、投诉等的）妥善处理）
science students/teachers/courses
理科学生╱教师╱课程（对比arts）
He waited for Dora to come to her senses and return.
他盼着多拉冷静下来后回来。
（sense清醒的思维能力；理智）
*bamboo shoots
竹笋（shoot幼苗；嫩芽；新枝）
*He was a solitary man who avoided the society of others.
他是个孤僻的人，不愿和人交往。
（society相伴；交往）
*a magic spell
魔咒
*He was criticized for his tough stand on immigration.
他因在移民问题上立场强硬受到批评。
We must make a stand against further job losses.
我们必须采取措施，防止进一步裁员。
to beat/force/starve sb into submission
打得╱强迫╱饿得某人屈服
We offer free technical support.
我们免费提供技术支援。
a technical/legal/scientific, etc. term
技术、法律、科学等术语
The men were arrested but not brought to trial.
这些人已被逮捕但并未送交法院审判。
In Picture 1, a man is trying to put up a banner on a lonely tree surrounded by stumps, but in vain.（2013江苏卷作文--内部群独享）
stump树墩
He set up a trust for his children.
他为子女安排好了信托财产。
anti-trust laws
反托拉斯法（trust托拉斯（为减少竞争、操纵价格等而非法联合的企业组织））
Life is full of ups and downs, and without the downs, the ups would mean nothing.
生活充满了起起伏伏，而且，若没有了人生的低谷，那站在高处亦失去了意义。
The young have a completely different set of values and expectations.
年轻人有一整套截然不同的价值观和期望。
The plan has the virtue of simplicity.
这项计划的优点是简单。
a leader of vision
有远见的领袖
He pledged that his party would listen to the voice of the people.
他保证他的政党愿意倾听人民的呼声。
Visitors to the slums were clearly shocked to see so many families living in want.
a want of adequate medical facilities
到过贫民窟的人看到有这么多的家庭生活在贫苦之中显然震惊不已。
缺少足够的医疗设施
He has a weakness for chocolate.
他爱吃巧克力。（weakness迷恋，无法抗拒）