2022年中考英语时事热点话题题型专练 23 日本福岛核电站核污水排放和核能利用

这是一份2022年中考英语时事热点话题题型专练 23 日本福岛核电站核污水排放和核能利用，共33页。试卷主要包含了单项选择，完型填空，阅读单选，根据首字母填空，根据汉语提示填空，完成句子，阅读补全句子，看图作文等内容，欢迎下载使用。
23 日本福岛核电站核污水排放和核能利用
2022年中考英语时事热点话题题型专练

日本福岛核电站核污水排放背景事件
日本核污水计划排海 2021年4月13日，日本政府召开有关内阁会议，正式决定将福岛第一核电站上百万吨核污水经过滤并稀释后排入大海，排放将于约2年后开始。据悉，福岛第一核电站因为在2011年东日本大地震发生核泄漏事件后，每天都会产生160-170吨污染水。
不顾反对，日本官方开始审查福岛核污水排海计划
2021-12-24 20:59 人民日报客户端

据日本共同社报道，日本原子能规制委员会24日召开会议，开始审查东京电力公司所属福岛第一核电站核污水排海计划的安全性。21日，东电公司就计划概要进行了说明，并希望从新建海底隧道部分开始进行审查。据悉，下次会议将于明年1月中旬召开。
东电公司计划通过修建海底隧道的方式，从2023年春季开始把核污水引流排放到距离海岸1公里附近的近海。
日本原子能规制委员会是负责确保日本核能使用安全的国家行政监管机构，成立于2012年9月，系日本环境省的外部局，被称为负责核反应堆、核燃料和核材料安全使用，以及核事故处置和环境监测的“指挥中心”。
此前，外交部发言人赵立坚就此强调，日本福岛核污染水处置关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康，绝不是日方一家私事。日方应认真倾听和回应包括周边邻国在内的国际社会关切，撤销向海洋排放核污染水的错误决定。除非同利益攸关方和有关国际机构充分协商并达成一致，否则日方不得启动核污染水排海。

一、单项选择
1．—China’s third-generation nuclear(核能) technology Huanglong One was put into use. Do you know ________?
—Of course. It’s mainly about safety. The Huanglong One reactor(反应堆) has a double- layered shell(双层安全壳).
A．what’s new about this technology
B．how the nuclear technology works
C．how long it takes to research the technology
【答案】A
【详解】
句意：——中国的第三代核能技术黄龙一号投入使用中。你知道这项技术新的地方是什么吗？——当然，它主要是安全问题。黄龙一号的反应堆有一个双层安全壳。
考查宾语从句的用法。what’s new about this technology这项技术新的地方是什么；how the nuclear technology works核能技术是如何工作的；how long it takes to research the technology研究这项技术花了多长时间。根据答句“It’s mainly about safety. The Huanglong One reactor(反应堆) has a double- layered shell(双层安全壳).”可知，问句询问你知道这项技术新的地方是什么吗。故选A。
2． It is reported that ______ people were killed in nuclear(核) accident in Japan.
A．two hundreds B．two hundreds of
C．hundred of D．hundreds of
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：句意：据报道，成百的人在日本死于核事故。Hundred 是不可数名词。不能加s，hundreds of表示成百的，根据句意，故选D。
考点：考查数词的用法。
3．We hope scientists will ways to solve the nuclear pollution(核污染) happened in Japan.
A．be made of B．cheer up
C．give up D．come up with
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：句意：我们希望科学家会想出发生在日本的核污染问题。A. be made of由……制成；B. cheer up是振奋起来；C. give up放弃；D. come up with想出。结合句意，故选D
考点：考查动词词组辨析。
4．—Must we stop the Japanese government discharging nuclear waste water (排放核污水) into the Pacific Ocean?
—________. Because everyone should protect our earth and it is bad ________ us to eat the polluted seafood and drink the waste water.
A．Yes, we can; of B．No, we mustn’t; of C．Yes, we must; for D．No, we needn’t; for
【答案】C
【详解】
句意：——我们必须阻止日本政府向太平洋排放核污水吗？——是的，我们必须。因为每个人都应该保护我们的地球，吃污染的海鲜和喝废水对我们是不好的。
考查一般疑问句及介词用法。根据“Must we stop the Japanese government discharging nuclear waste water into the Pacific Ocean”可知，对于日本政府向太平洋排放核废料这个行为，我们是必须要阻止的，用must表示“必须”。第二个空是固定搭配：be bad for“对……有害”，故选C。
5．— Do you know about the Japanese nuclear crisis(核危机)?
— Yes. I know .
A．how are they dealing with it B．what it has caused
C．how terrible was it D．how long will it last
【答案】B
【解析】
本题know后跟的是一个宾语从句，应该用陈述顺序，故选B,ACD都是疑问顺序。
6．—It’s said that nuclear power will be used to produce electricity in Xianning.
—However, nuclear power _________ be very dangerous.
A．can B．need C．must D．should
【答案】A
【详解】
句意：——据说咸宁将利用核能发电。——然而，核能源可能非常危险。
考查情态动词。can可能；need需要；must必须；should应该。根据however表示转折关系，however前表示在咸宁将使用核能源来发电，因此however后表示核能源可能非常危险，此处使用情态动词can表示推测。故选A。
7．In the letter,Einstein asked people to nuclear weapons.
A．give off B．give back C．give up D．give out
【答案】C
【详解】
句意：在信里，爱因斯坦呼吁人们放弃核武器。
考查动词短语。A. give off释放、发出（气味、热量）；B. give back归还、退还；C. give up放弃 ；D. give out分发、散发。根据句意核武器要放弃。故选C。
8．—I am shocked by Japan’s plan to dump（倾倒）nuclear water into the Pacific Ocean!
—So am I. As the saying goes, __________.
A．like tree, like fruit B．harm set, harm get C．out of sight, out of mind
【答案】B
【详解】
句意：——我对日本向太平洋倾倒核水的计划感到震惊！——我也是。俗话说，害人反害己。
考查常识和习语。like tree, like fruit羊毛出在羊身上；harm set, harm get害人反害己；out of sight, out of mind眼不见，心不烦。根据“I am shocked by Japan’s plan to dump（倾倒）nuclear water into the Pacific Ocean”可知，日本向太平洋倾倒核水的行为既会伤害别的国家也会伤害自己，故选B。

二、完型填空

Greenpeace is a global (全球的) environmental organization that has been trying to stop companies and governments from doing bad things to the environment. It is known for its direct 9 in the world. And it has made the public know environmental problems.
In 1995, a Greenpeace ship stopped a French nuclear weapon (核武器) test. Greenpeace has also repeatedly sent ships to 10 whales (鲸鱼) from Japanese whalers, who kill whales for their meat which is used at expensive restaurants.
The Greenpeace 11 have tried to stop nuclear weapons from being built and have fought against big companies and governments that are destroying the rainforests and other areas with a 12 environment. Greenpeace pays close attention to many environmental problems: whaling, global warming, clean energy and nuclear power. Greenpeace activists often put themselves in 13 to stop the activities that they are against. They use small boats to try to stop the killing of whales. They also 14 themselves to trees that workers want to cut down. They say that they are trying to protect the environment for all of us and for future generation.
15 they have a lot of support from people around the world, they have not been able to stop many of the things they are fighting against. The organization 16 money from governments, political parties or companies in order to avoid their influence.
The people who 17 Greenpeace are from all over the world. What they all have in common is the one big aim—a green and 18 future for all. People from all walks of life come together under the Greenpeace flag to spend their free time fighting for the environment.
9．A．plans B．methods C．actions D．tasks
10．A．prepare B．protect C．provide D．prevent
11．A．ships B．officers C．companies D．members
12．A．pleasant B．natural C．special D．wet
13．A．danger B．action C．control D．fear
14．A．hold B．keep C．hang D．tie
15．A．Whether B．Although C．Because D．Unless
16．A．refuses B．requires C．accepts D．borrows
17．A．set up B．put up C．make up D．open up
18．A．cheerful B．meaningful C．hopeful D．peaceful

【答案】
9-13． CBDBA
14-18．DBACD
【分析】
文章大意：绿色和平组织是一个国际性的环境保护组织，在1995年的时候，绿色和平组织阻止了法国的一次核试验。这个组织还不断的阻止日本的捕鲸船捕鲸，为了阻止砍伐森林的人砍伐森林，他们把自己绑在树上。这个组织得到了世界各地人们的认可，现在世界各地的人们都意识到了保护环境的意义。
9．句意：它以其在世界上的直接行动而闻名。
考查名词及语境理解。A. plans计划；B. methods方法；C. actions行动；D. tasks任务。根据上文has been trying to stop companies and governments from doing bad things to the environment. 阻止公司或政府做一些不利于环境的事情，因此可知这句话的意思是“这个组织的因其直接的行动闻名全球”，故答案选C。
10．句意：绿色和平组织还多次派遣船只保护鲸鱼不受日本捕鲸者的侵害。
考查动词及语境理解。A. prepare准备；B. protect保护，经常用于结构“protect…from…”意思“保护…免受…破坏”；C. provide提供；D. prevent阻止、防止。根据whales (鲸鱼) from Japanese whalers,可知，这句话的意思是“绿色和平组织还多次派遣船只保护鲸鱼不受日本捕鲸者的侵害”，故答案选B。
11．句意：绿色和平组织的成员试图阻止核武器的制造。
考查名词及语境理解。A. ships轮船；B. officers官员；C. companies公司；D. members成员。根据have tried to stop nuclear weapons from being built，可知应是绿色和平组织的成员试图阻止核武器的制造，故答案选D。
12．句意：并与破坏热带雨林和其他自然环境的大公司和政府进行了斗争。
考查形容词及语境理解。A. pleasant令人愉快的；B. natural自然的；C. special 特别的；D. wet潮湿的。根据the rainforests and other areas with a __4__ environment.可知本句句意为“并与破坏热带雨林和其他自然环境的大公司和政府进行了斗争”，故答案选B。
13．句意：绿色和平组织的积极分子经常把自己置于危险之中，以阻止他们所反对的活动。
考查名词及语境理解。A. danger危险；B. action行动；C. control控制；D. fear害怕。根据Greenpeace activists often put themselves in __5__ to stop the activities that they are against.可知句意为“绿色和平组织的积极分子经常把自己置于危险之中，以阻止他们所反对的活动。”空格前面是介词in，和danger构成固定短语，意思是“在危险中”，故答案选A。
14．句意：他们还把自己绑在工人想要砍伐的树木上。
考查动词及语境理解。A. hold握住；B. keep保持；C. hang悬挂；D. tie绑、系。根据themselves to trees that workers want to cut down，可知本句句意为“他们还把自己绑在工人想要砍伐的树木上”，故答案选D。
15．句意：虽然他们得到了世界各地人民的大力支持，但他们仍无法阻止他们所反对的许多事情。
考查连词及语境理解。A. Whether是否；B. Although尽管、虽然；C. Because因为；D. Unless除非。根据they have a lot of support from people around the world, they have not been able to stop many of the things they are fighting against. 可知，本句句意为“虽然他们得到了世界各地人民的大力支持，但他们仍无法阻止他们所反对的许多事情”，故答案选B。
16．句意：该组织拒绝来自政府、政党或公司提供的资金，这样可以避免受到他们的影响。
考查动词及语境理解。A. refuses拒绝；B. requires要求；C. accepts接受；D. borrows借。根据in order to avoid their influence，可知本句话的意思是“”，故答案选A。根据in order to avoid their influence，可知本句句意为“该组织拒绝来自政府、政党或公司提供的资金，这样可以避免受到他们的影响”，故答案选A。
17．句意：组成绿色和平组织的成员是来自世界各地的人。
考查动词短语及语境理解。A. set up建起；B. put up张贴；C. make up组成；D. open up开发。根据The people who __9__ Greenpeace are from all over the world.可知，本句句意为“组成绿色和平组织的成员是来自世界各地的人”，故答案选C。
18．句意：他们有一个共同的伟大目标−−就是为大家建设一个绿色的、和平的未来。
考查形容词及语境理解。A. cheerful欢乐的；B. meaningful有意义的；C. hopeful有希望的；D. peaceful和平的。根据What they all have in common is the one big aim—a green and __10__ future for all.可知，本句句意为“他们有一个共同的伟大目标−−就是为大家建设一个绿色的、和平的未来。”故答案选D。
【点睛】
解答完形填空首先要通读全文，掌握大意。结合选项初步弄清短文写了些什么内容。在理解全文意思的基础上，结合文章内容对空缺句子作合乎逻辑的推理。必须弄清空缺词句的确切含义，空缺词句与其前后句的意义衔接必须自然、合理，最后根据语境，结合选项，选出正确答案。如，第2小题，。根据whales (鲸鱼) from Japanese whalers,可知，这句话的意思是“绿色和平组织还多次派遣船只保护鲸鱼不受日本捕鲸者的侵害”，故答案选B。第5小题，根据Greenpeace activists often put themselves in __5__ to stop the activities that they are against.可知句意为“绿色和平组织的积极分子经常把自己置于危险之中，以阻止他们所反对的活动。”空格前面是介词in，和danger构成固定短语，意思是“在危险中”，故答案选A。

三、阅读单选
A
What if you had only three minutes to take whatever you could take from your home, and the rest would be lost forever? What would you take?
Japan is often hit by natural disasters, like earthquakes, heavy storms and tunami. But recently the nuclear radiation (核辐射) have brought the long-term damage to Japan, many Japanese have to abandon their lovely homes. They are now facing the fact that they may not be able to return for a long time. With this in mind, let’s discuss the value of a Bug Out Bag (B．O.B．for short).
B．O.B．is a collection of things that you would need to live on if you had to escape from your home with no promises of housing, food or water during the unexpected situation.
The B．O.B．should include the following things that are needed for life:
● A sleeping bag, or at least a blanket to keep warm.
● Drinking water.
● High-calorie, no-cook foods like chocolate biscuits. protein bars, etc.
● First-aid supplies.
● Fire starting methods, and a small pot to boil water or cook.
● A few basic tools like a knife, some rope, flashlight (手电筒) etc.
● Money in cash.
● A digital backup of all your important documents and family treasures. This could be insurance (保险) documents, family photos and videos.
You could keep a B．O.B．by the front door, or even have several bags at home at the office and in your car. This might seem like more than needed to some of you but just imagine what a difference this kind of preparation would have made to the people of Japan. Then think of the difference a B．O.B．will make if those disasters happen to you.
19．The writer talked about the nuclear radiation in Japan in order to ________.
A．show the importance of a Bug Out Bag
B．show how dangerous a nuclear radiation is
C．tell us the serious damage it has done to Japan
D．explain why the Japanese have to leave their homes
20．What does the underlined word “abandon” probably mean in Chinese?
A．欣赏 B．拆除 C．抛弃 D．修缮
21．What is purpose of a Bug Out Bag?
A．To stop disasters from happening. B．To help people protect their homes.
C．To find out when the disaster will come. D．To help people keep alive after disasters.
22．Which of the following should be put into a Bug Out Bag?
A．A map. B．A knife. C．A raincoat. D．A camera.
23．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Prepare for Disasters B．Enjoy Your Outdoor Life
C．Make a Change to Disasters D．Watch Out for Nuclear Radiation

【答案】
19-23．ACDBA
【分析】
本文介绍了在紧急意外的灾害发生的情况下人们该怎么办？就此作者提出了一些建议。让人们在不可预知的灾害下为自己准备好必需的物品，为灾害提前做好准备。
19．细节理解题。由第二段第四句“With this in mind, let’s discuss the value of a Bug Out Bag (B.O.B. for short).”可知，讨论日本的核辐射是为了讨论Bug Out Bag的价值，故选A。
20．词句猜测题。由下文“They are now facing the fact that they may not be able to return for a long time.”可知，现在他们可能很长一段时间都无法返回。由此可推测“But recently the nuclear radiation (核辐射) … Japanese have to abandon their lovely homes.”意思是但最近核辐射给日本带来了长期的破坏，不少日本人不得不放弃自己可爱的家园。进而推测“abandon”的意思抛弃、放弃。故选C。
21．细节理解题。由第三段“B.O.B. is a collection of things …water during the unexpected situation.”可知，B.O.B.是帮助你在无法预知的情况下逃离家园时赖以生存的东西。故选D。
22．推理判断题。由列举物品中的第6点“A few basic tools like a knife, some rope, flashlight (手电筒) etc.”可知，刀是B.O.B.所需的，故选B。
23．主旨大意题。本文主要在介绍B.O.B.包括什么，有利于让人们在不可预知的灾害下为自己准备好必需的物品，为灾害提前做好准备。可知本文最佳标题为《为灾难做好准备》，故选A。

B
Right now, the biggest source of energy(能源) in the world is fossil fuel(矿物燃料). Fossil fuels are oil, gas, and coal (煤). More than 80 percent of the world’s energy comes from fossil fuel. There are many problems with fossil fuel. One problem is that when fossil fuel is burned, it pollutes the air. Also, when we take fossil fuel from the Earth, we often cause a lot of harm. Another problem is that we’re running out of it.
A big source of energy for many countries is nuclear power(核能).Thirty-one countries use nuclear power. A lot of ships also use it.
Nuclear power has some advantages(优点). First of all, we can’t run out of nuclear power. Nuclear power does not make the air dirty. Also, if a country has nuclear power, it doesn’t need to buy as much oil from other countries.
However, there are also a lot of problems that come with nuclear power. For example, nuclear accidents are very serious. In 1986, there was a nuclear accident in Russia. In the next 20 years, about 4,000 people got sick and died. In 2011 there was another very serious nuclear accident in Japan. That was several years ago, but Japan is still trying to clean up the nuclear waste from the accident.
Many people don’t want nuclear power in their countries. They say that it’s not safe. A lot of people in the United States, Russia, France, Japan, India, and many other countries want their countries to use safer and cleaner ways to get electricity(电力). Sometimes they get together to show their strong disagreement with nuclear energy.
Many people hate nuclear energy, but more and more countries are using it. One reason for this is that the world is using more and more energy. We just don’t have enough fossil fuel. However, if we use nuclear power, then we may have more serious problems in the future.
24．In the second sentence of the fifth paragraph, what does the underlined word “it” mean?
A．The country. B．Nuclear power. C．A person. D．The electricity.
25．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Nuclear power is a kind of fossil fuels. B．There were no nuclear accidents in 1986.
C．Nuclear power is easy enough to make. D．People may run out of fossil fuel one day.
26．The following sentence would best be placed at the end of ________.“That’s why we need new sources of energy.”
A．Paragraph 1 B．Paragraph 3 C．Paragraph 4 D．Paragraph 5
27．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．A Safe Source of Energy? B．The Best Energy Source in the World!
C．Everyone Loves Nuclear Power . D．We Should Only Use Fossil Fuels.

【答案】
24-27．BDAA
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了核能作为许多国家的第一能源是否安全的问题。
24．词意猜测题。根据第五段“Many people don’t want nuclear power in their countries. ”可知，许多人不想在他们国家使用核能；由此推知，核能是不安全的。故it指nuclear power“核能”。故选B。
25．推理判断题。根据最后一段“We just don’t have enough fossil fuel. However, if we use nuclear power, then we may have more serious problems in the future.”可知，我们只是没有足够的矿物燃料。然而，如果我们使用核能，那么在未来，或许我们会有更严重的问题。由此推知，D项“有一天人们会用尽矿物燃料”符合语境。故选D。
26．推理判断题。“That’s why we need new sources of energy.”表示“那就是我们需要新能源的原因”。根据第一段谈到矿物燃料快用光了；第二段谈到一种新的能源；由此推知，该句应用作第一段的结尾句，引出下文。故选A。
27．最佳标题题。根据最后两段可知，许多人认为核能是不安全的，但越来越多的国家在使用它，那么它到底是否安全，本文就此展开了讨论。故选A。

C
OUR World
TEENS
April 11，2021
Discharge the wastewater? NO!
The Japanese government recently decided to discharge(排放) the wastewater from the Fukushima nuclear power plant（核电站） into the sea, Nikkei Asia said on April 9. The resolution is scheduled to be formally confirmed at a cabinet（内阁） meeting on April 13.
Photo by Xinhua
In 2011, a powerful earthquake—triggered tsunami damaged the Fukushima plant’s cooling system. Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc (TEPCO), the plant’s operator, then used water to cool down the reactor(反应堆).The water playing the cooling function, however, is contaminated with radioactive materials and has been stored in tanks（箱，罐）at the plant.
According to the cabinet, the storage tanks for wastewater are expected to reach the upper limit by autumn 2022. In late October last year, the Japanese government said it would gradually discharge wastewater into the sea. The news was immediately protested（抗议） by the people of Japan and the world. Under pressure, the Japanese government has yet to carry out the plan.
Many experts pointed out that once the radioactive materials such as tritium（氚） in the spent nuclear water are discharged into the sea, they will accompany the ocean current and pollute many parts of the world.
In fact, there are other ways to treat nuclear wastewater, such as discharging into the atmosphere after evaporation（蒸发） and burying underground. The most direct way is to build new water storage tanks in the nuclear power plant. Analysts pointed out that in the view of the Japanese government, other ways are time—consuming, laborious and expensive, and only discharging into the sea is the most cost—effective way.
28．Which is NOT responsible for the contaminated water with radioactive materials?
A．Earthquake B．Cabinet C．TEPCO D．Tsunami
29．In what section can we read the news?
A．TEPCO B．Science Study C．Our World D．Discovery
30．In para 2,the underlined sentence Under pressure, the Japanese government has yet to carry out the plan probably means that the Japanese government ________.
A．still has decided to discharge the wastewater anyway although people are against the plan,
B．hasn’t dumped the wastewater yet since a fair number of people are against the plan
C．has decided to release the waste water pretty soon with no one against the plan.
D．will never ever discharge the water into the sea without the support of people.
31．Which of the followings is the Wrong way to treat the wastewater?
A．Build new water storage tanks in the nuclear power plant.
B．Discharge it into the atmosphere after evaporation.
C．Bury it underground.
D．Discharge it into the sea directly.
32．What can we infer from the news?
A．The storage tanks for wastewater can hold by winter 2022.
B．The Japanese government planned to quickly discharge waste water into the sea.
C．Dumping wastewater into the sea is the most cost—effective way for all.
D．Once the wastewater is discharged, it will pose threat to all.

【答案】
28-32．BCBDD
【分析】
文章是一篇新闻报道。内容是关于福岛核电站的废水。
28．细节理解题。根据“In 2011, a powerful earthquake—triggered tsunami damaged the Fukushima plant’s cooling system. Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc (TEPCO), the plant’s operator, then used water to cool down the reactor”可知2011年，一场强烈的地震引发的海啸破坏了福岛核电站的冷却系统。该核电站的运营商东京电力公司（TEPCO）随后用水冷却反应堆。未提到“内阁”。故选B。
29．细节理解题。根据题目“OUR World”可知此篇来自《我们的世界》。故选C。
30．词句猜测题。根据划线句子“Under pressure, the Japanese government has yet to carry out the plan.”意为“迫于压力，日本政府尚未实施该计划。”由此推知日本政府尚未倾倒废水，因为相当多的人反对该计划。故选B。
31．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“once the radioactive materials such as tritium（氚） in the spent nuclear water are discharged into the sea, they will accompany the ocean current and pollute many parts of the world.”可知一旦核废水排入海洋，它们将伴随洋流，污染世界许多地区。所以直接排入大海不可取，是错误的。故选D。
32．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“once the radioactive materials such as tritium（氚） in the spent nuclear water are discharged into the sea, they will accompany the ocean current and pollute many parts of the world.”可知一旦核废水排入海洋，它们将伴随洋流，污染世界许多地区。由此推知，废水一旦排放，将对所有人构成威胁。故选D。

D
Chinese President Xi Jinping presents China’s top science award to Huang Xuhua and Zeng Qingcun in Beijing, capital of China, Jan, 10th 2020. The following is some basic information about the 2 winners.

Huang Xuhua, born in 1924 in Guangdong province.
Graduated from Jiaotong University in 1949.
Served in ship building industry.
Known as the father of China’s own nuclear submarine(核潜艇).

Zeng Qingcun, born in 1935 in Guangdong province.
Graduated from Peking University in 1956, and went to Soviet Union for further study.
Served as a meteorologist(气象学家)。
Solved many problems in predicting weather.

33．The ceremony to present China’s top science award was held in ________.
A．1949 B．1956 C．2020
34．Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the photos and information?
A．Both awarded scientists are from Guangdong province, and Huang is older than Zeng.
B．Zeng Qingcun went to the Student Union for further study, and became a meteorologist.
C．Huang Xuhua worked in the ship building industry and designed China’s first nuclear submarine.
35．Where might this chart(表格) be from?
A．A newspaper. B．A tour guide. C．A story book.

【答案】
33-35．CBA
【分析】
文章大意：短文主要介绍了中国的两位科学家黄旭华和曾庆存。
33．细节理解题。根据文中Chinese President Xi Jinping presents China’s top science award to Huang Xuhua and Zen Qingcun in Beijing, capital of China, Jan, 10th 2020.中国习近平主席在2020年1月10日，在中国的首都，北京向黄旭华和曾庆存颁发中国最高科学奖可知，故答案为C。
34．细节理解题。根据文中Huang Xuhua, born in 1924 in Guangdong province. 黄旭华，生于1924年广东省；Zen Qingcun, born in 1935 in Guangdong province.曾庆存，生于1935年广东省可知，两位科学家都来自广东省，并且黄比曾大，故A项正确；根据文中Graduated from Peking University in 1956, and went to Soviet Union(前苏联) for further study.在1956年从清华大学毕业，去前苏联深造可知，故B项错误；根据文中Served in ship building industry. Known as the father of China’s own nuclear submarine(核潜艇).可知，黄旭华在造船业工作，设计了中国第一艘核潜艇，故C项正确，故答案为B。
35．主旨大意题。根据文章大意可知，这个表格可能来自于报纸，故答案为A。

E
Strong earthquakes hit the east of Japan in the afternoon of March 11, causing several meter-high tsunami(海啸), which killed more than 10,000 people in areas along the coast. Several nuclear plants(核电站) at the coast were broken by the earthquake and tsunami. People living near the plants have been asked to move away. People living within 30 kilometers of the first plant are asked to stay indoors and close all windows.
The breaking of the nuclear plants is causing electricity shortages(电力短缺) in Eastern Japan. As a result, electricity is cut off for 3-hour periods in the area of Tokyo and some other areas during daytime. In order to save electricity, some shops, restaurants and tourist places in the areas are closed for some time every day. But all major airports and train lines are still open and operating.
For the above reasons, tourists areadvisednot to visit the eastern areas in the near future. Visits to Western Japan are not affected by the event. People who plan to travel over the coming weeks and months are advised to pay attention to the situation for a few more days before making decisions.
36．This passage may probably be written by a _____.
A．scientist B．traveler C．story writer D．news reporter
37．People living near the plants were asked to move away because _____.
A．there would be more earthquakes and tsunamis
B．several nuclear plants had been broken
C．there were serious electricity shortages
D．their houses were washed away by the tsunami
38．They closed some shops and restaurants for some time every day to____
A．avoid making electricity shortages even worse
B．avoid more people getting together
C．rebuild their broken buildings
D．keep away from nuclear radiation(核辐射)
39．Which of the following is right?
A．The earthquake happened before the tsunami.
B．The earthquake happened after the tsunami.
C．There was no electricity in Eastern Japan.
D．People were not allowed to visit Western Japan.

【答案】
36-39．DBAA
【解析】
36．理解判断题，纵观全文可知。
37．细节理解题，由文中语句“Several nuclear plants(核电站) at the coast were broken by the earthquake and tsunami. People living near the plants have been asked to move away”可知。
38．细节理解题，由文中语句“In order to save electricity, some shops, restaurants and tourist places in the areas are closed for some time every day.”可知。
39．细节理解题，由文中语句“Strong earthquakes hit the east of Japan in the afternoon of March 11, causing several meter-high tsunami(海啸),”可知。

F

Nuclear（核）power's danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation（辐射）.
Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery（神秘）about it, partly because it cannot be found by human senses. It can't be seen or heard, or touched or tasted, even though it may be all around us. There are other things like that. For example, radio waves are all around us but we can't detect them, sense them, without a radio receiver. Similarly, we can't sense radioactivity without a radiation detector（探测器）. But unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things.
At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being completely by killing masses（块；团）of cells（细胞）in vital（=very important）organs. But even the lowest level of radiation can do serious damage. There is no level of radiation that is completely safe. If the radiation does not hit anything important, the damage may not be significant. This is the case when only a few cells are hit, and if they are killed completely, your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones. But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be in trouble. They reproduce themselves in a deformed（畸形）way. They can grow into cancer（癌症）. Sometimes this does not show up for many years.
This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation. Serious damage can be done without the victim（牺牲者）being aware at the time that damage has occurred. A person can feel fine, then die of cancer five, ten, or twenty years later as a result. Or a child can be born weak or easy to have serious illness as a result of radiation absorbed（吸收）by its grandparents.
Radiation can hurt us. We must know the truth.
40．Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery because____________.
A．people can't feel it B．people know nothing about it
C．nuclear radiation isn't harmful to people D．people haven't any detectors
41．What can we know from the passage?
A．We can't detect radioactivity even with modern equipment.
B．Only radiation at very high levels can kill an animal or human being.
C．If a few cells are only damaged，healthy cells will take the place of dead ones.
D．Radiation is harmful no matter what level it is.
42．The word "significant" in paragraph 3 has the similar meaning with ____________.
A．important B．meaningful C．harmful D．obvious
43．Radiation can hurt us in that it can__________.
A．affect the healthy growth of our offspring（后代）
B．damage cells which grow into cancer years later
C．kill large number of cells in main organs so as to cause death immediately
D．all of the above
44．What's the author's main purpose in writing this passage?
A．Emphasizing the importance of protection of radiation.
B．Solving the mystery about radiation.
C．Discussing the cause of cancer.
D．Introducing the nuclear power.
45．The best title for this passage can be________.
A．Nuclear radiation in our life B．Illness in our life
C．How to find Nuclear radiation D．Serious damage in our life

【答案】
40-45．ADADAA
【分析】
这篇短文给我们讲述了核辐射的危害。核辐射非常的神秘，因为它看不见、听不见、摸不着、尝不到，但是即使最低水平的辐射也会造成严重的伤害。
40．细节理解题。根据短文第二段Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery（神秘）about it, partly because it cannot be found by human senses. It can't be seen or heard, or touched or tasted, even though it may be all around us.可知，核辐射很神秘，部分原因是它不能被人感觉到。故选A。
41．细节理解题。根据短文第二段Similarly, we can't sense radioactivity without a radiation detector可知A不对,在现代仪器的帮助下，可以探测到射线；B选项错在Only“仅仅，只有”，任何量的辐射都是有害的；根据第三段But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be in trouble.可知C不对，如果仅有部分细胞被伤害，如果它们自己替换，你回遇到麻烦。根据短文第三段But even the lowest level of radiation can do serious damage. There is no level of radiation that is completely safe.可知，即使最低水平的辐射也能造成严重的伤害，没有任何水平的辐射是完全安全的。故选D。
42．词义猜测题。important重要的；meaningful有意义的；harmful有害的；obvious明显的。根据单词所在的语境If the radiation does not hit anything important, the damage may not be significant.“如果辐射没有击中任何重要的东西，损害可能并不……”，significant应表示“严重的”，与important意思接近。故选A。
43．细节理解题。根据短文第三段以及第四段的内容At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being completely by killing masses（块；团）of cells（细胞）in vital（=very important）organs. …But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be in trouble. They reproduce themselves in a deformed（畸形）way. They can grow into cancer（癌症）. ….Or a child can be born weak or easy to have serious illness as result of radiation absorbed（吸收）by its grandparents.可知，A、B和C三项都是核辐射对我们的危害。故选D。
44．推理判断题。根据文意可知，短文中作者介绍了核辐射对我们的危害，在短文的最后Radiation can hurt us. We must know the truth作者提到“核辐射会伤害我们，我们必须知道真相”。由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的就是让我们要注意防护核辐射。故选A。
45．主旨大意题。根据文章中But unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things.、But even the lowest level of radiation can do serious damage. There is no level of radiation that is completely safe、Radiation can hurt us. We must know the truth可知，短文主要介绍了核辐射对我们的危害。B和D两个选项与核辐射这一关键词无关；C选项不是文章的主要内容。故选A。
【点睛】
这是一篇说明文，短文介绍了核辐射对我们的危害。文章主题明确，内容专业性强，但作者从我们的实际生活出发，运用举例、解释说明等，使文章的内容更容易理解。题型是阅读理解，考查学生们阅读短文掌握大意、获取细节信息、猜测生词含义以及进行合理的推理判断的能力。这个题目涉及了细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测和主旨大意，考查非常全面。做题时，应先通读短文，了解大意；然后根据题目所问，搜索文章相关语句或段落进行细读，结合选项作答。如第2小题，这是一个细节题，做题时可以将选项在原文中一一定位，比对文章的信息，用排除法作答。再如第3小题，这是一个猜词题，important重要的；meaningful有意义的；harmful有害的；obvious明显的。根据单词所在的语境If the radiation does not hit anything important, the damage may not be significant.“如果辐射没有击中任何重要的东西，损害可能并不……”，significant应表示“严重的”，与important意思接近。故选A。


G

Hans Bethe
The late German­American physicist Hans Bethe once described himself as “the H­bomb's midwife(氢弹的接生婆)”．He left Nazi Germany in 1933，after which he helped develop the first atomic bomb(原子弹)，won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1967 for his contribution to the theory of nuclear reactions(核反应) and advised controls over nuclear weapons(武器) for the peaceful use of the nuclear energy.
Francis Crick
The late Francis Crick，one of Britain's most famous scientists，won the Nobel Prize in Physiology (生理学) or Medicine in 1962.He is best known for his discovery with James Watson and Maurice Wilkins, the double helix structure (双螺旋结构) of the DNA，though he also made important contributions in other fields.He died in 2004.
Peter Hall
Sir Peter Hall's life in the theatre has seen him running the Arts Theatre，founding the Royal Shakespeare Company when he was only 29，and directing the National Theatre.He also directed Akenfielf for London Weekend Television and runs the Peter Hall Company，which has 40 productions worldwide to its name.

46．The above information is about ________．
A．famous physicists B．great people
C．great directions D．Nobel Prize winners
47．Francis Crick won the Nobel Prize before ________ years of his death.
A．32 B．24 C．42 D．45
48．Peter Hall founded the Royal Shakespeare Company at the age of _______．
A．45 B．92 C．39 D．29
49．________ has 40 productions all over the world.
A．The Peter Hall Company B．The Royal Shakespeare Company
C．The Arts Theatre D．The National Theatre
50．According to the passage，which of the following is right?
A．Hans Bethe won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1962.
B．Francis Crick is a famous physicist.
C．Peter Hall wrote forty passages about Shakespeare.
D．Francis Crick，James Watson and Maurice Wilkins found the double helix structure of the DNA．

【答案】
46-50．BCDAD
【分析】
文章大意：本文介绍了几个伟人的生平和主要事迹．
46．细节理解题。根据文章所述Hans Bethe是物理学家、Francis Crick是生理学家、Peter Hall从事艺术方面的工作，这三人为伟大的人物，故答案选B。
47．细节理解题。根据文中对Francis Crick的描述won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1962.以及He died in 2004.可知，Francis Crick于1962获奖，死于2004，可知他在去世前42年获得了诺贝尔奖，故答案选C。
48．细节理解题。根据文中对Peter Hall的描述founding the Royal Shakespeare Company when he was only 29，可知Peter Hall 29岁时建立the Royal Shakespeare Company，故答案选D。
49．细节理解题。根据文中对Peter Hall的描述He also directed Akenfielf for London Weekend Television and runs the Peter Hall Company，which has 40 productions worldwide to its name.可知彼得霍尔公司在世界各地有40个成品，故答案选A。
50．理解判断题。根据文中对Francis Crick的描述He is best known for his discovery with James Watson and Maurice Wilkins, the double helix structure of the DNA，可知D选项Francis Crick，James Watson and Maurice Wilkins found the double helix structure of the DNA.“Francis Crick，James Watson and Maurice Wilkins发现DNA的双螺旋结构。”符合题意，故答案选D。


四、根据首字母填空
51．—It is said that the Japanese government has decided to discharge its nuclear sewage(排放核污水) into the Pacific Ocean.
—If it does, it will be p________ by the nature in the future.
【答案】punished
【详解】
句意：——据说日本政府已决定将其核污水排入太平洋。——如果是这样的话，将来就会受到大自然的惩罚。根据语境及“It is said that the Japanese government has decided to discharge its nuclear sewage into the Pacific Ocean.”可推出若是放核污水进太平洋，将会受到自然的惩罚，此处是punish“惩罚”，主语与动词之间是被动关系，空格前有will be，此处动词应用过去分词，构成一般将来时的被动，故填punished。
52．After a nuclear leak, the environment of this area was seriously polluted. It became u________ and all the residents had to flee and find a new place to live in.
【答案】uninhabited
【详解】
句意：这块地方的环境在核泄露后受到严重污染。它变得杳无人迹，所有居民不得不逃离（此地），找新的地方居住。
根据上文“the environment of this area was seriously polluted.”和下文“all the residents had to flee and find a new place to live in.”可知这个地方在核泄露后受到严重污染，居民们不得不另找地方来居住，所以此地已经变得杳无人迹，结合首字母u，故填uninhabited。

五、根据汉语提示填空
53．They are arguing ________ (反对) the Japanese government’s decision to discharge radioactive waste water (核废水) into the sea.
【答案】against
【详解】
句意：他们反对日本政府向大海排放放射性核废水的决定。结合语境和中文提示以及空前“argue”可知，这里用介词against，作“反对”的意思，构成短语“argue against据理反对”。故填against。

六、完成句子
54．任何国家都要放弃使用核武器。
Any country should ___________ ____________ __________ nuclear weapons.
【答案】give up using
【详解】
放弃give up，介词up后接动名词；使用use。根据句意结构和中英文提示，故填give; up; using。

七、阅读补全句子
In April this year, the Japanese government said it would put nuclear(核) wastewater into the sea in two years. It also said it would be safe and practical to do these. But what will happen if the wastewater enters the sea? No one knows for sure. It might be dangerous.
In 2011, a big earthquake hit Fukushima, Japan. The quake caused a tsunami (海啸). A nuclear power station was broken in the tsunami and radiation (放射物) came out. Scientists used lots of water to cool the machines. But the water carried radiation. Radiation can cause lots of diseases, such as cancer. It can even change human DNA．Japan has made huge tanks to keep the harmful water away from people. But the tanks are expensive and take up a lot of room. That’s why Japan wants to dump the water into the sea.
Japan says it will clean the wastewater before dumping it. However, not all of the radiation can be taken out. It is still harmful to humans.
The wastewater will first pollute the sea around Japan and its neighboring countries, such as China and South Korea. It will go to most of the Pacific Ocean in 57 days. And in three years, it will reach the US and Canada. The sea takes up 71% of Earth’s surface. So the wastewater will go to most parts of the world. The radiation could stay in the sea for thousands of years!
根据文章内容完成下列各题。
55．After a serious ________ hit Fukushima in 2011, a nuclear power station was ________ in the tsunami.
56．________ the machines in the nuclear power station, scientists used plenty of water. As a result, the water was ________ by the radiation from the machines.
57．So far, the harmful water hasn’t reached people ________ the huge tanks. But they have a high price and ________ a lot of room.
58．Japan is unable to ________ all the radiation from the wastewater. That is to say, the wastewater still does ________ to humans.
59．If Japan achieves its purpose, the wastewater will pollute the sea around the US and Canada in ________ years. However, the radiation would not ________ from the sea until thousands of years.
【答案】
55．earthquake broken
56．To cool polluted
57．because of take up
58．take out harm
59． 3/three disappear/get away
【分析】
本文主要讲述了日本政府决定把核废水排放到大海里的这个决定，并详细介绍了核废水所产生的影响和危害。
55．根据“In 2011, a big earthquake hit Fukushima, Japan. The quake caused a tsunami (海啸). A nuclear power station was broken in the tsunami and radiation (放射物) came out”可知，2011年，日本福岛发生大地震。地震引起了海啸。一座核电站在海啸中被破坏，辐射泄漏，故填earthquake；broken。
56．根据“Scientists used lots of water to cool the machines. But the water carried radiation”可知，科学家们用了大量的水来冷却机器，结果水被机器里的放射物所污染，第一空用动词不定式表目的，根据“was”及“by the radiation”可知，第二空用一般过去时被动语态，故填To cool；polluted。
57．根据“Japan has made huge tanks to keep the harmful water away from people. But the tanks are expensive and take up a lot of room”可知，因为巨大的水箱，有害的水还没有到达人类但是它们价格昂贵，占据许多空间，故填because of；take up。
58．根据“However, not all of the radiation can be taken out. It is still harmful to humans”可知，并不是所有的辐射都能被清除。它仍然对人类有害，be unable to do sth“不能做某事”；do harm to sb“对某人有害”，故填take out；harm。
59．根据“And in three years, it will reach the US and Canada.”可知，如果日本实现了这一目标，这些废水将在3年内污染美国和加拿大周边的海洋。根据“The radiation could stay in the sea for thousands of years”可知，辐射可能会在海里停留数千年，stay=not disappear=not get away，would后接动词原形，故填3/three；disappear/get away。

八、看图作文
60．2018年，一张照片感动国人，根据下列提示，用英语写一篇短交，讲一讲这张照片背后的故事。

照片中的人物是我国核试验科学家林俊德，他1960年参军入伍，在茫茫戈壁滩工作52年。
照片拍摄于2012年5月31日，林老逝世当天。此时的他，身患重病，但是他面戴氧气罩，在生命的最后几个小时里，仍坚持工作。
他的精神……
我们应该……

要求：（1）词数：80～100个。
（2）短文开头已给出，不计入总词数。
（3）要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥。
（4）文中不能出现真实姓名和校名。
参考词汇：nuclear test核试验 the Gobi Desert戈壁滩 oxygen mask氧气面罩
In 2018 this photo moved all the Chinese people.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】请参考范文：
In 2018 this photo moved all the Chinese people.
The figure in the photo is Chinese nuclear test scientist Lin junde, who joined the army in 1960 and worked in the Gobi Desert for 52 years.The photo was taken on May 31, 2012. Unfortunately, Lin passed away that day.Despite this, he was seriously ill at the time.Still, he wore an oxygen mask over his face and continued to work for the last hours of his life.
I admire his spirit very much and it is worth learning by middle school students. In my opinion, no matter when and where, we should love our work, strive to contribute our value to society.
【解析】
【详解】
这是话题和看图作文。学生首先要认真阅读给出材料和照片中的要点内容,认真审题,确定文章的中心。本文要以“感动国人的林俊德”为主题，人称确定为第一人称和第三人称，写作时多注意谓语动词搭配的一致性。文章内容需涵盖材料中的关键提示点。此外，写作的文章具有一定的连贯性,还应注意使用一些连接词,使文章的表达更有逻辑性和条理性。写作时还要注意:1.书写规范；2.可适当加入细节,使内容充实,行文连贯；3.写完后要认真检查是否有漏写要点,有无拼写错误等。高分句型：The figure in the photo is Chinese nuclear test scientist Lin junde, who joined the army in 1960 and worked in the Gobi Desert for 52 years.照片中的人物是中国核试验科学家林俊德，他于1960年参军，在戈壁沙漠工作了52年。Despite this, he was seriously ill at the time.Still, he wore an oxygen mask over his face and continued to work for the last hours of his life.尽管如此，他当时病得很重。但他仍然戴着氧气面罩，在生命的最后几个小时里继续工作。I admire his spirit very much and it is worth learning by middle school students.我很佩服他的精神，这是值得中学生学习的。In my opinion, no matter when and where, we should love our work, strive to contribute our value to society.在我看来，无论何时何地，我们都应该热爱我们的工作，努力为社会贡献我们的价值。
【点睛】
学会使用In my opinion等插入语，宾语、定语从句，倒装句，固定搭配用法等，可提升整篇文章的气质。