备战2022年中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练(全国通用) 热点16 疫苗接种及其巨大作用

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备战2022年中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练
热点16 疫苗接种及其巨大作用
一、阅读理解
1
It’s been over a year since COVID-19 first appeared and the virus continues to be a problem in many parts of the world,scientists have realized the development of vaccines (疫苗) is a solution to the pandemic. A global effort to vaccinate as many people as possible would be needed, since vaccines typically take years to develop.
On Dec 2, 2020, the first COVID vaccine, the Pfizer vaccine, was approved (批准) by UK health department. However, these vaccines must be stored at very low temperatures, which is not possible everywhere. In response, Chinese companies like Sinopharm and Sinovac have developed vaccines that can be kept at normal temperatures.
Now, vaccines are being rolled out all over the world, with millions of people being vaccinated every day. In China, 285 million vaccine doses (剂量) had been given so far. Meanwhile, the US has given out 247 million doses. The UK now stands at 50 million doses.
Although there have been rumors about vaccines being unsafe, most of people seem to realize the importance of vaccination for building mass immunity (群体免疫) in order to stop the virus from spreading. The world has come to understand that the vaccines will protect us. Therefore, sharing vaccines has become a key factor of staying safe and healthy worldwide.
Unfortunately, not everyone can get the vaccine yet. Children below the age of 16 can’t be vaccinated because they have not yet been tested on them. Those who have a history of vaccine allergies (过敏) shouldn’t get it, either.
1. The vaccine developed by ________ cannot be stored at normal temperatures.
A. UK health department B. Sinopharm
C. Sinovac D. Pfizer
2. According to the passage, ________ million vaccine doses had been given so far in China.
A. 50 B. 247 C. 285 D. 582
3. In paragraph 4, the underlined word ‘‘rumors” probably means ________.
A. 谎言 B. 谣言 C. 建议 D. 骗局
4. The purpose for vaccinating as many people as possible is to ________.
A. build mass immunity B. share the vaccines
C. develop vaccines quickly D. get everyone vaccinated
5. In paragraph 5, the word “they”, in the underlined sentence refers to ________.
A. children B. companies C. vaccines D. experts
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. C
【解析】本文主要介绍为了解决新冠肺炎病毒的传播，人们陆续意识到接种疫苗的重要性，本文主要以数据来说明接种疫苗的普遍性，以及不能接种疫苗的人群有哪些。
1. 细节理解题。根据“On Dec 2, 2020, the first COVID vaccine, the Pfizer vaccine, was approved (批准) by UK health department”可知，由辉瑞疫苗研制的疫苗不能在正常温度中储存，故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据“In China, 285 million vaccine doses (剂量) had been given so far”可知，到目前为止，中国共接种了2.85亿剂疫苗，故选C。
3. 词义猜测题。根据“Although there have been rumors about vaccines being unsafe, most of people seem to realize the importance of vaccination for building mass immunity (群体免疫) in order to stop the virus from spreading”可知，尽管还有很多关于疫苗不安全的谣言，但是大部分人们已经意识到接种疫苗的重要性，所以rumors表示“谣言”，故选B。
4. 细节理解题。根据“most of people seem to realize the importance of vaccination for building mass immunity (群体免疫) in order to stop the virus from spreading”可知，让尽可能多的人接种疫苗的目的是建立群体免疫，故选A。
5. 词义猜测题。根据“Children below the age of 16 can’t be vaccinated because they have not yet been tested on them”可知，此处指这些疫苗还没有在16岁以下孩子身上测试过，所以they指代“疫苗”，故选C。
2
Have you gotten vaccinated? This question has become a common way to greet others in China since the country produced a number of COVID-19 vaccines(疫苗) in December last year.
China plans to vaccinate 40 percent of its population by June, 2021. At the same time, China is also providing vaccines for other countries. It is exporting(出口) COVID-19 vaccines to 28 countries and giving help to 69 countries in need, Xinhua reported. Most of these countries are developing nations, such as Pakistan, Mongolia and Mexico. The leaders of these countries are taking the lead in receiving vaccine shots. They include Indonesian President Joko Widodo and Chilean President Sebastian Pinera.
According to the World Bank, to vaccinate(接种) their citizens, small and medium-sized developing nations could have ended up a year behind larger developing nations and developed countries. Some wealthier nations have already stored many vaccine doses(剂) for their own citizens. Some of them have ordered enough vaccines to vaccinate their populations two or three times, The Washington Post reported.
For countries that have not yet developed or gotten a vaccine, China may be the only answer, AP noted. China is one of the few nations that can produce vaccines on a large scale(大批量).
China joined COVAX in October 2020, a mechanism(机制) organized by the World Health Organization, to make sure that all members get the vaccines in the future. China has decided to offer 10 million vaccines to COVAX, Xinhua reported.
6. From Paragraph 2, we know that ________.
A. some people have questioned the safety of Chinese vaccines
B. China has only sent vaccines to nearby Asian countries
C. Chinese vaccines have been welcomed in many countries
D. China offers vaccines to all other countries for free
7. As for COVID-19 vaccines, small and medium-sized developing nations ________.
A. have received help from western countries
B. have fallen behind in vaccinating their citizens
C. have stored enough vaccines for their citizens
D. have started to develop their own vaccines
8. What is the correct order for the following events according to the passage?
a. China produced COVID-19 vaccines.
b. 40 percent of Chinese receive vaccine shots.
c. Many leaders in less developed countries received vaccine shots.
d. China joined COVAX.
A. a-d-c-b B. d-a-c-b C. d-a-b-c D. a-d-b-c
9. What can be inferred(推断) from the passage?
A. The COVID-19 will oon end.
B. Chinese COVID-19 vaccines are cheaper and safer than others.
C. China is the only country to develop COVID-19 vaccines.
D. China might offer COVID-19 vaccines all over the world.
10. Where is the text most probably from?
A. A news website. B. A learning website.
C. A travel website. D. A geography website.

【答案】6. C 7. B 8. B 9. D 10. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国的疫苗已经帮助了一些国家，并且还会帮助越来越多的国家和地区。
6. 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“The leaders of these countries are taking the lead in receiving vaccine shots. They include Indonesian President Joko Widodo and Chilean President Sebastian Pinera.”可知，中国疫苗在许多国家都很受欢迎。故选C。
7. 细节理解题。根据文中“According to the World Bank, to vaccinate(接种) their citizens, small and medium-sized developing nations could have ended up a year behind larger developing nations and developed countries.”可知，至于新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗，中小型发展中国家在为本国公民接种疫苗方面已经落后。故选B。
8. 细节理解题。通读全文可知，下列事件的顺序应是：(d) China joined COVAX in October 2020,中国在2020年10月加入了COVAX；(a) China produced COVID-19 vaccines in December last year. 去年12月中国生产了大量新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗；(c) Many leaders in less developed countries received vaccine shots. 许多欠发达国家的领导人接种了疫苗；(b) China plans to vaccinate 40 percent of its population by June, 2021. 中国计划到2021年6月，为40% 的人口接种疫苗。故选B。
9. 推理判断题。根据文中“China joined COVAX in October 2020, a mechanism(机制) organized by the World Health Organization, to make sure that all members get the vaccines in the future. China has decided to offer 10 million vaccines to COVAX, Xinhua reported.”可推知，中国可能会在世界各地提供新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗。故选D。
10. 篇章结构题。短文主要介绍了中国的疫苗已经帮助了一些国家，并且还会帮助越来越多的国家和地区。故文章可能来自一个新闻网站。故选A。
3
Scientists around the world are racing to create and test vaccines（疫苗）to help protect people against the novel coronavirus（新冠病毒）. They are making progress, but it will be quite a while before any vaccines are ready.
There are many different ways to make vaccines. At least 115 different vaccines for the novel coronavirus are being developed around the world right now. Many of them may not work or may have side effects that can be dangerous. That is why testing is very important.
Before a vaccine is ever tested on humans, it's first tested on animals to make sure it seems safe. Testing the vaccine on humans is done in several different phases（阶段）. In Phase 1, a small group of people are given small amounts of the vaccine to see if it has any bad effects. Phase 2 still tests the vaccine’s safety, but it's mainly a test to see if the vaccine seems to work, If Phase 2 goes well, the vaccine can begin Phase 3. During Phase 3, the vaccine is tried on a much larger group of people to see how well it works.
Because of the serious and worldwide impact（影响）of the novel coronavirus, there is huge pressure to develop a working vaccine quickly. It normally takes seven or more years to develop a safe vaccine that works well. Now drug companies are hoping to create working vaccines in 12 or 18 months.
But health experts also warn that rushing too much could be dangerous. A vaccine with harmful effects could cause more problems than it solves.
11. According to the passage, the scientists who are making vaccines are ____________.
A. hard-working and careful B. patient and easy-going
C. kind and curious D. caring and brave
12. How long does it take to create working vaccines in the usual way?
A. Less than six years. B. More than ten years.
C. Twelve to eighteen months. D. About seven years.
13. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. There are only three phases in testing vaccines.
B. Working vaccines must be created in a short time.
C. Vaccines have already been developed.
D. Rushing too quickly in creating vaccines may bring more problems.
14. What's the best title of the passage?
A. Rush for a Vaccine B. Fight against the Disease
C. Protect People against the Virus D. Create Working Vaccines
【答案】11. A 12. D 13. D 14. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了全世界的科学家都在加速进行针对新冠病毒的疫苗的研发工作，虽然已经取得一些进展，但离疫苗的正常使用还有很长时间。文章还介绍了开发一种安全疫苗所需要的时间，测试过程的重要性以及生产疫苗所需的费用等。
11. 推理判断题。根据“Scientists around the world are racing to create and test vaccines…Before a vaccine is ever tested on humans, it's first tested on animals to make sure it seems safe”可知，科学家们都在竞相研制抵御新冠病毒的疫苗，并且在疫苗研发期间作大量的测试以确保对人类的身体无害，因此研发疫苗的科学家是勤奋并且仔细的。故选A。
12. 细节理解题。根据第四段“It normally takes seven or more years to develop a safe vaccine that works well”可知，开发出一种安全有效的疫苗通常需要大约七年时间。故选D。
13. 细节理解题。A选项：疫苗测试只有三个阶段。根据“Testing the vaccine on humans is done in several different phases”可知，疫苗测试分为几个阶段，文章中并没有明确指出只有三个阶段，故选项错误；B选项：必须在短时间内制造出有效的疫苗。根据“Now drug companies are hoping to create working vaccines in 12 or 18 months”及全文可知，制药公司只是希望尽快研制疫苗，但是疫苗研制过快会带来很多问题，所以并不是必须尽快将疫苗研制出来，故选项错误；C选项：疫苗已经研制出来了。根据“They are making progress, but it will be quite a while before any vaccines are ready”可知，疫苗还未研制成功，故选项错误；D选项：仓促生产疫苗可能会带来更多问题。根据“But health experts also warn that rushing too much could be dangerous…cause more problems than it solves”可知，仓促生产疫苗可能会带来更多问题，故选项正确。故选D。
14. 最佳标题题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了科学家们都在加速研发抵御新冠病毒的疫苗，介绍了研发疫苗的过程、时间及快速研发疫苗可能产生的危害等，故“冲向疫苗”可作为本文标题。故选A。
4
During the novel coronavirus outbreak, hospitals all over China have used smart technology to care for patients and make work easier for doctors. The outbreak will help smart healthcare develop faster in China, according to Xinhua.
Robots lend a hand
Robots are being used to fight the virus. For example, medical workers at the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen are using robots to do routine (常规的) medical tasks.
Developed by Chinese AI company UB Tech, these robots can offer medical advice, deliver （递送）medicine and disinfect （消毒）the patients’ room and other areas. They can also check temperatures.
Liu Yue, head of the hospital's fever outpatient services(发热门诊), said the robots have made work much easier. "It greatly reduces our burden (负担), and it can also prevent us from missing infected patients," Liu said.
Remote (远程的) healthcare services
It can be dangerous for medical workers and patients to come into contact with each other. But with remote medical services, doctors at different hospitals can share photos and videos to come up with the best treatment. China's three biggest telecom companies(电信公司) are providing hospitals across the country with 5G support. This allows them to transfer(传送) large amounts of data (数据) quickly.
For example, on Feb 27, doctors in the cities of Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou used 5G technology to treat a seriously ill 67﹣year﹣old patient in Wuhan. By diagnosing (诊断) patients remotely, doctors can protect both themselves and their patients.
AI makes work more efficient
Ask Bob is an AI﹣powered consultation(咨询) platform. Developed by Ping An Smart Healthcare, it can provide users with information about the virus, help people do medical self﹣checks, check their mental health and choose the right face masks.
Ping An Smart Healthcare has also developed AI software that can read CT images and provide correct analyses to doctors. This can speed up the diagnostic process and allow doctors to give faster treatment.
15. What did robots do during the epidemic？
a. They delivered medicines. b. They disinfected the patients’ room.
c. They transferred patients. d. They checked temperatures.
A. abc B. abd C. acd D. bcd
16. What happened to the seriously ill 67﹣year﹣old patient in Wuhan？
A. He was treated remotely. B. He was treated by robots.
C. He was transferred to Beijing. D. He was not diagnosed with the virus.
17. The AI software developed by Ping An Smart Healthcare can help_______.
A. save treatment costs B. collect and transfer data
C. develop a vaccine(疫苗) D. reduce doctors' burdens
18. Which of the following statements is WRONG？
A. Ask Bob is an AI﹣powered consultation platform, which is developed by Ping An Smart Healthcare.
B. By diagnosing patients remotely, doctors can protect neither themselves nor their patients.
C. With remote medical services, doctors at different hospitals can share photos and videos to come up with the best treatment.
D. Medical workers at the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen are using robots to do routine medical tasks.
19. The story is mainly about ________.
A. why China was slow to control the epidemic
B. how smart technology is developing in China
C. how smart technology helps doctors during the outbreak
D. which smart technologies are being developed in China
【答案】15. B 16. A 17. D 18. B 19. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新冠状病毒爆发期间，全国各地的医院都使用了智能技术来照料患者，并使医生的工作更轻松。文中重点介绍了机器人、远程医疗服务、人工智能技术使工作更高效。
15. 细节理解题。根据文中第一部分“机器人”的内容，“these robots can offer medical advice, deliver medicine and disinfect the patients’ room and other areas. They can also check temperatures.”可知机器人被用来运送药品，为病人的房间消毒，以及检查温度。所以，abd组合正确。故选B。
16. 细节理解题。根据文中第二部分“远程医疗服务”的内容，由举例中“used 5G technology to treat a seriously ill 67﹣year﹣old patient in Wuhan. By diagnosing patients remotely, doctors ...”可知，武汉67岁重病患者使用了远程医疗服务。故选A。
17. 推理判断题。根据文中第三部分“ 人工智能使工作更高效”的内容，由“ Ping An Smart Healthcare has also developed ...This can speed up the diagnostic process and allow doctors to give faster treatment.”可推断，平安智能医疗集团开发的AI软件能够减轻医生的负担。故选D。
18. 推理判断题。根据第二部分“远程医疗服务”的内容，由“ By diagnosing patients remotely, doctors can protect both themselves and their patients.”可知远程诊断患者，医生可以保护自己和患者。而B项说法错误，故选B。
19. 主旨大意题。根据文中开头及中间介绍的主要技术，可知本文主要讲述了在疫情爆发期间，智能技术如何帮助医生和服务医院及病人。故选C。
5
China is sharing its experience and lessons in the battle(战斗) of the COVID-19(新冠病毒) and trying its best to provide help to other countries affected by the disease.
As the spread of the virus in China has been basically prevented but global infections(全球感染）are greatly increasing. China has sent expert teams to several countries, including Italy, Serbia, Pakistan,Iran, England ,France, Germany and Burma, to offer medical help. At the same time, China has provided some medical supplies and protective equipment, such as test boxes, Chinese medicine, breathing machines and masks(口罩) to some foreign countries and regions(地区).
China has given away 20 million dollars to the WHO to help the organization to try to stop the spread of virus and help improve the public health of other developing countries. Chinese health departments and experts also have kept in communication with more than 100 countries and regions. 
During earlier stages of the domestic(国内) outbreak, China received much support from the international society. Now we have passed the most difficult time of the battle.
These medical measures have shown that China is a cohesive(凝聚力的) and responsible country that is willing to bring advantages to the world.
In the next step, China will deepen international cooperation (合作）on developing drugs and vaccines(疫苗) against the virus and guide foreign medical aid networks in over 50 foreign countries to deal with the disaster of the virus. China also will hold the meeting of G20 health ministers.
20. This passage is __________.
A. a story about virus. B. a speech about health care.
C. a news report. D. an international letter.
21. Which is the following WRONG according to passage?
A. China is trying its best to help other countries to prevent the COVID-19.
B. China didn't get any help from the international society.
C. The number of the global infections is increasing
D. China helps to improve the public health of developing countries.
22. From the passage we know China will do things below in the future except ____.
A. strengthen international cooperation to develop drugs and vaccines.
B. guide foreign medical aid networks to deal with the virus.
C. keep away from other countries affected by the disease.
D hold the meeting of G20 health ministers.
23. China has given away 20 million dollars to _______.
A. USA B. UN C. UK D. WHO
24. According to this article , which is the following RIGHT?
A. China is a great country which is responsible for the world.
B. China only helps Asia countries against the COVID-19.
C. The spread of the virus in China hasn't been basically controlled.
D. Chinese experts don’t communicate with other countries about the disease.
【答案】20. C 21. B 22. C 23. D 24. A
【解析】文章大意：本文是一篇有关中国抗击新冠疫情工作的时事新闻。具体介绍了当今全球的抗疫形势、中国在抗疫过程中作出的贡献、接受的援助和中国下一步的工作计划。
20. 理解推断题。根据第一段“China is sharing its experience and lessons this battling of the novel coronavirus（COVID-19.新冠病毒）with other countries and trying its best to provide help to those people badly affected by the disease”（中国正在和其他国家分享对抗新冠病毒过程中的经验和教训并最大努力为那些受疾病影响较大的人群提供帮助）文章开头部分用的时态是现在进行时，符合新闻体裁时效性要求，所写内容具有新闻价值，判断这是一篇新闻。故答案为C。
21. 细节理解题。根据文中“China is sharing its experience and lessons this battling of the novel coronavirus（COVID-19.新冠病毒）with other countries and trying its best to provide help to those people badly affected by the disease”（中国正在和其他国家分享在对抗新冠病毒过程中的经验和教训并最大努力为那些受疾病影响较大的人群提供帮助）可知，A正确。根据文中“China received much support from the international society”（中国从国际社会得到了很多支持）与B项描述不符。根据文中“global infections are greatly increasing”（全球感染人数正在极快地增加）可知，C正确。根据文中“help improve the public health of other other developing countries”（帮助其他的发展中国家提升公共卫生水平）可知D正确。故答案为B。
22. 细节理解题。根据文中“China will deepen international cooperation (合作）on developing drugs and vaccines(疫苗) against the virus and guide foreign medical aid networks in over 50 foreign countries to deal with the disaster of the virus. China also will hold the meeting of G20 health ministers.” 中国将深化抗病毒药物和疫苗研发的国际合作，引导50多个国家的外国医疗援助网络应对病毒灾害。中国还将举行二十国集团卫生部长会议。可知，从这篇文章中我们知道中国在未来会做以下事情，除了远离其他受疾病影响的国家。故答案为C。
23. 细节理解题。根据文中“China has given away 20 million dollars to the WHO to help the organization to try to stop the spread of virus and help improve the public health of other developing countries.” 中国已经向世卫组织捐赠了2000万美元，以帮助该组织阻止病毒的传播，并帮助改善其他发展中国家的公共卫生状况。可知，故答案为D。
24. 细节理解题。根据文中“These medical measures have shown that China is a cohesive(凝聚力的) and responsible country that is willing to bring advantages to the world.” 这些医疗措施表明，中国是一个有凝聚力、负责任的国家，愿意为世界带来好处。可知，A. China is a great country which is responsible for the world.是正确的；根据文中“China is sharing its experience and lessons in the battle(战斗) of the COVID-19(新冠病毒) and trying its best to provide help to other countries affected by the disease.” 中国正在分享其在COVID-19战役中的经验教训，并尽最大努力为其他受该病影响的国家提供帮助。可知，China only helps Asia countries against the COVID-19.是错误的；根据文中“As the spread of the virus in China has been basically prevented but global infections(全球感染）are greatly increasing.” 由于病毒在中国的传播已基本得到预防，但全球感染（全球感染）正在大幅增加。可知，C. The spread of the virus in China hasn't been basically controlled是错误的；.根据文中“Chinese health departments and experts also have kept in communication with more than 100 countries and regions.”中国卫生部门和专家也与100多个国家和地区保持着联系。可知，D. Chinese experts don’t communicate with other countries about the disease.是错误的，故答案为A。
二、完型填空
1
It is a cold and dry winter morning. When you  25 , you suddenly feel that your throat hurts. You begin to sneeze and later you may cough. You must have a cold! Wait a second. Could it just be a common cold or the flu that’s been going around?
A cold gives you a runny nose and cough. But it’s usually easy to  26  with. Some take medicine such as aspirin (阿司匹林)   27   others try home treatments like herbal（草药）tea or chicken soup. Usually you feel better after a week.
The flu on the other hand can be much more  28  . It usually gives you fever. Sometimes it can be deadly. The worst   29 , the so-called Spanish Flu of 1918 to 1919, killed about 50 million people. Don’t worry. Getting a flu vaccine (流感疫苗) can  30   you from the virus (病毒). Flu vaccines work by giving the body a small amount of flu viruses. This causes our body to develop antibodies (抗体).   31   next time you get the flu, the antibodies can help protect you.
Unfortunately, the flu virus  32   every few years. Therefore, there are so many types of flu, such as H1N1 and H5N1. The antibodies for one type of flu can’t protect us against all types of flu. That’s why we need to get the vaccine every year.
However, good health  33   may also help to prevent a cold or flu. Washing your hands often helps protect you from viruses. Getting regular exercise and eating healthy food is also  34  . All these can help you strengthen your immune system (免疫系统).
25. A. stand up B. turn up C. give up D. wake up
26. A. agree B. deal C. meet D. start
27. A. because B. after C. until D. while
28. A. interesting B. familiar C. dangerous D. smooth
29. A. cold B. flu C. cough D. fever
30. A. protect B. leave C. recover D. draw
31. A. So B. Unless C. Since D. As
32. A. stops B. changes C. spreads D. kills
33. A. clubs B. customs C. habits D. hobbies
34. A. enjoyable B. important C. well-prepared D. natural
【答案】25. D 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. A 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了感冒和流感对身体的危害以及我们应该怎样有效应对它们。
25. 句意：当你醒来时，你突然感到喉咙疼。
stand up站立；turn up调高；give up放弃；wake up醒来。由“It is a cold and dry winter morning.…you suddenly feel that your throat hurts”可知，冬天早晨醒来时容易嗓子干痛。故选D。
26. 句意：但它通常很容易处理。
agree同意；deal处理；meet遇见；start开始。由“But it’s usually easy to…with.”可知，此处应为很容易处理感冒，deal with处理。故选B。
27. 句意：一些人服用阿斯匹林等药物，另一些人尝试草药茶或鸡汤等家庭治疗。
because因为；after在……之后；until直到；while而。由“Some take medicine such as aspirin…others…”可知，此处应为一些人……，而其他人……，故用while表对比。故选D。
28. 句意：另一方面，流感可能更加危险。
interesting有趣的；familiar熟悉的；dangerous危险的；smooth平静的。由下文“It usually gives you fever. Sometimes it can be deadly.”可知，流感会更加危险。故选C。
29. 句意：最严重的流感，所谓的1918 - 1919年的西班牙流感，造成大约5000万人死亡。
cold感冒；flu流感；cough咳嗽；fever发烧。由下文“the so-called Spanish Flu”可知，此处应为最严重的流感。故选B。
30. 句意：接种流感疫苗可以保护你免受病毒感染。
protect保护；leave离开；recover恢复；draw绘画。由“Getting a flu vaccine can…you from the virus.”可知，接种流感疫苗可以保护你免受病毒感染，protect…from“保护……免受……”。故选A。
31. 句意：所以下次你得流感时，抗体可以帮助保护你。
So因此；Unless除非；Since自从；As由于。上文“疫苗可以产生抗体”和下文“下次你得流感时，抗体可以帮助保护你”之间为因果关系，后者为果，应用so连接。故选A。
32. 句意：不幸的是，流感病毒每隔几年就会发生变化。
stops停止；changes变化；spreads传播；kills杀死。由下文“The antibodies for one type of flu can’t protect us against all types of flu.”可知，由于流感经常发生变化，所以接种的疫苗不能有效应对所有的流感。故选B。
33. 句意：然而，良好的健康习惯也有助于预防感冒或流感。
clubs俱乐部；customs风俗；habits习惯；hobbies爱好。由下文“Washing your hands…”可知，勤洗手、有规律的锻炼等都是良好的健康习惯。故选C。
34. 句意：有规律的锻炼和健康的饮食也很重要。
enjoyable愉快的；important重要的；well-prepared准备充分的；natural自然的。由“Getting regular exercise and eating healthy food is also…All these can help you strengthen your immune system.”可知，有规律的锻炼和健康的饮食也很重要。故选B。
三、阅读回答问题
仔细阅读下文，用完整的句子回答下列问题。回答请勿超出限定字数。
Vaccination is among the most effective ways to help us prevent diseases. For viruses that don’t change too much - the measles (麻疹) virus, for example - getting vaccinated is a once-and-for-all method to prevent you from becoming infected with the virus. If you had two measles vaccines when you were a child, you will be protected for life.
However, it’s a different story when it comes to influenza (流感), commonly known as “the flu” which generally peaks between December and February. Flu vaccines cannot protect us in the long term.
There is no long-term immunity (免疫), according to Theodore Strange, associate medical director at Staten Island University Hospital in New York. The virus “essentially ‘changes its coat’ - H1N1, H2N3, and so on”, he told the website Healthline.
Apart from a person’s immune protection from flu vaccination declining (降低) over time, flu viruses are also frequently changing. So the vaccines are likely to be updated from one season to the next to protect against the viruses that research suggests may be the most common during the upcoming flu season.
Even when a vaccine is developed, getting it can prove to be difficult, as it is in high demand and short supply. The timing of influenza vaccine production and distribution (分配) is unpredictable, therefore the availability of the flu vaccine supply does not always meet the demand.
So scientists prioritize (划分优先顺序) access to the vaccination. The CDC recommends key populations, such as medical staff, teachers, students, children and those aged 60 and above, receive flu vaccines.
Since it takes about two weeks after vaccination for antibodies to develop in the body and provide protection against the flu infection, it’s suggested that people get a flu vaccine before flu viruses spread in the community. Make plans to get vaccinated in early fall before flu season begins -usually by the end of October.
35. What is the difference between flu vaccines and measles vaccines? (No more than 15 words)
36. When is the flu season according to the article? (No more than 9 words)

37. Why is it difficult for us to get a vaccine? (No more than 10 words)

38. What is the best time to get flu vaccines? (No more than 14 words)

39. According to CDC, who should receive flu vaccines first? (No more than 16 words)

【答案】
35. Measles vaccines can protect us for lifetime while flu vaccines cannot.
36. Between December and February.
37. Because it is in high demand and short supply.
38. In early fall before flu season begins -usually by the end of October.
39. Medical staff, teachers, students, children and those aged 60 and above.
【解析】文章大意：接种疫苗是帮助我们预防疾病的最有效方法之一，有的疫苗可以一劳永逸的保护接种人，而流感疫苗则是个例外。文章主要介绍了流感疫苗的相关知识，如其生产研发，市场行情以及优先接种流感疫苗的人群等。
35. 根据“If you had two measles vaccines when you were a child, you will be protected for life”及“Flu vaccines cannot protect us in the long term”，可知，接种麻疹疫苗可以终生保护我们，而流感疫苗不能长期保护我们，故填Measles vaccines can protect us for lifetime while flu vaccines cannot.
36. 根据“However, it’s a different story when it comes to influenza (流感), commonly known as “the flu” which generally peaks between December and February”，可知，流感季通常在12月到2月，故填Between December and February.
37. 根据“Even when a vaccine is developed, getting it can prove to be difficult, as it is in high demand and short supply”，可知，因为供不应求而难以获得疫苗，故填Because it is in high demand and short supply.
38. 根据“it’s suggested that people get a flu vaccine before flu viruses spread in the community. Make plans to get vaccinated in early fall before flu season begins -usually by the end of October”，可知，在流感季节开始前的初秋接种疫苗——通常在10月底，故填In early fall before flu season begins -usually by the end of October.
39. 根据“The CDC recommends key populations, such as medical staff, teachers, students, children and those aged 60 and above, receive flu vaccines”，可知，医务人员、教师、学生、儿童以及60岁及以上的人优先接种流感疫苗，故填Medical staff, teachers, students, children and those aged 60 and above.

四、图文填空

The Zika virus (塞卡病毒) is mainly spread by mosquito bites. About 1 in 5 infected people will become ill. That means if 500 people get the virus, about 40. people will probably get sick. The symptoms include 41. , rash, joint pain and red eyes. It will last for several days, up to 42. days. Once you have the illness, there is no treatment or vaccine. But thankfully the illness is not very serious and it won’t cause much 43. . The best and simplest to slow the spread of the virus is to wear long shirts or 44. and avoid from being bitten by mosquitoes.
【答案】
40. 100/one hundred
41. fever
42. seven/7
43. death
44. trousers
【解析】本文主要介绍了塞卡病毒的传播途径、症状及预防方法。
40. 句意：这意味着如果500人感染病毒，大约100人可能会生病。根据上文“About 1 in 5 infected people will become ill.”可知，大约五分之一的感染者会生病；故如果500人感染病毒，大约100人可能会生病。故填100/one hundred。
41. 句意：症状包括发烧、皮疹、关节痛和眼睛发红。根据塞卡病毒图解中的症状说明，包括发烧、皮疹、关节痛和眼睛发红。故填fever。
42. 句意：它将持续数天，最多7天。根据塞卡病毒图解中的“Symptoms normally last 2-7 days”可知，塞卡病毒症状最高持续7天。故填seven/7。
43. 句意：但谢天谢地，这种病并不严重，也不会造成太多死亡。根据塞卡病毒图解中的“Illness is usually not very serious and death is uncommon”可知，塞卡病毒不会造成太多死亡。故填death。
44. 句意：减缓病毒传播的最好和最简单的方法是穿长衬衫或长裤，避免被蚊子叮咬。根据塞卡病毒图解中的“Precautions: Wear long shirts or trousers”可知，可以通过穿长衬衫或长裤来减缓病毒传播。故填trousers。