热点29 抽烟的危害及控制方法-备战2022年中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练(全国通用)

备战2022年中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练

热点29 抽烟的危害及控制方法

一、阅读理解

1

We always think that it’s OK for us to leave our plants alone during our vacation. That’s because plants won’t scream (大叫) like pets, so they must be okay, right?

A recent study done by a group of scientists at the Tel Aviv University has found that some plants will scream in a high frequency (频率) when they are having stress.

The research was carried out on tomato plants and tobacco (烟草) plants by cutting their stems and taking water away from them. When they started cutting the stems, they found out that the plants started “screaming” between 20 and 100 kHz and they believe that this scream is meant to warn other plants nearby.

When the tomato plants’ stems were cut, 25 ultrasonic distress sounds (超声求救信号) were recorded during an hour, and on the other hand, 11 ultrasonic distress sounds were recorded from the tobacco plants.

When they took water away from the plants, the tomato plants recorded even more distress sounds with 35 distress sounds in an hour while the tobacco plants recorded 15 distress sounds.

The group of scientists then said that this changes the way we think of plants as we had always made sure that they are silent, but the thing is that their voices are too high to be heard.

1. Why do the plants scream according to the passage?

A. To take water away from them. B. To help other plants feel better.

C. To tell other plants to be careful. D. To record other plants’ scream.

2. What do we know about the tomato plants and the tobacco plants?

A. Tomatoes and tobaccos had the same screaming frequency.

B. Tobaccos responded the same under different kinds of stress.

C. Tobaccos gave out stronger distress sounds than tomatoes when out of water.

D. Tomatoes gave out stronger distress sounds than tobaccos when the stems were cut.

3. What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to?

A. The high frequency. B. The scientists’ finding.

C. The distress sound. D. The immediate danger.

4. How do the scientists do the study?

A. By doing tests. B. By making guesses.

C. By telling stories. D. By showing others’ opinions.

5. Where may the passage come from?

A. A magic book. B. A medicine book.

C. A travel magazine. D. A science magazine.

2

On Oct. 25 this year, the Healthy China Action (2019-2030): Tobacco Control Promotion Campaign(控烟行动) came out in Beijing. It shows about 9.4 million junior high school students tried tobaccos(烟)before.

How did this happen? First of all, stopping smoking in public(公共) places is difficult. It’s easy for teenagers to buy tobaccos on streets. And it’s hard to find out who is smoking in a place full of people. And how to punish(惩处) them is a question. It will use much money to make people ask others not to smoke in public places. So, some units(部门) just have to let it go.

There’s another reason we should know. Although we can’t find tobacco ads(广告) on TV or newspapers, there are many other ways for teenagers to see tobaccos. Today we can see actors and actresses smoking in the movies and soap operas. Also, pictures of singers and actors smoking are everywhere on the Internet. As a result, 13% of the students in the schools of Beijing think smoking makes them look cooler. “Did you see Chow Yun Fat in the movie God of Gamblers（赌神）? Smoking makes him so manly and cool! If I can smoke, I’ll look fantastic, too.” said a 13-year-old boy student.

How can we make things better? First of all, stars shouldn’t smoke in their programs too often. And news about stars and singers smoking should also become less. The less teenagers see their favorite stars smoke, the less they want to smoke themselves. Schools and families must take actions, too. Teachers and parents mustn’t smoke in front of the students or kids. And we should let teenagers know the bad things about tobaccos. We can also have people share ideas about tobacco control in schools, so students can join the action.

6. It’s difficult to stop smoking in public places because ________.

A. it’s not difficult for teenagers to buy tobaccos on streets

B. finding out who is smoking in public places is easy

C. it is clear about how to punish the smoking people

D. some units want to spend much money in stopping it

7. The words of the 13-year-old boy student in Paragraph 3 let us know ________.

A. many teenagers like to watch movies, soap operas and pictures of stars

B. teenagers can’t find ads of tobaccos on TV or newspapers

C. actors and actresses may ask teenagers to smoke just like them

D. movies with people smoking may make teenagers like smoking

8. The structure(结构) of this passage may be ________.

A.

B.

C.

D.

9. The best title of this passage may be ________.

A. The Reasons Why We Smoke B. Smoking Is Cool in Movies

C. Tobaccos and Teenagers D. Schools Can Stop Smoking

3

A man smoking an electronic cigarette in the bus station near a science and technology park in Shenzhen was fined(罚款)50 Yuan on Monday. It was the first e-cigarette fine in the Chinese mainland, the Beijing News reported.

The man was fined for breaking the new rules on smoking control in Shenzhen. He started smoking e-cigarettes over a month ago, and didn’t know e-cigarettes were not allowed in Shenzhen because he had just arrived from Guangzhou.

The new rules add two more types of nonsmoking places to the list. Places including within five meters of the entrance and exit of public transportation(交通), outdoor platforms and waiting areas for public transportation are nonsmoking areas.

According to the officials, the new rules also make the meaning of “smoking” and “tobacco(烟草)products” clear, electronic cigarettes are one of the tobacco products. An electronic cigarette is a kind of tobacco product. It has the same look, smoke, taste and feeling as a cigarette. The WHO(世界卫生组织)once did a research on e-cigarettes and got a clear conclusion: E-cigarettes are harmful to public health, and they are not a way of stopping people from smoking.

On March 15, 2019, the CCTV reported the teenagers who smoked e-cigarettes for along time have been addicted to nicotine(尼古丁). On August 23, 2019, health officials in the U.S. said a patient died of serious lung disease caused by e-cigarettes. The report suggests that if people stop smoking, they will be healthier.

10. What happened to the man when he arrived in Shenzhen?

A. He was smoking in a science and technology park.

B. He was fined 50 Yuan because of smoking an e-cigarette.

C. He was asked to go back to Guangzhou because of the fine.

D. He was not allowed to smoke in the Chinese mainland.

11. In which of the following places, smoking is not allowed according to the new rules?

A. Subway stations. B. Bus stops. C. Outdoor platforms. D. All the above.

12. What do we know about the electronic cigarettes according to the passage?

A. They are not tobacco products. B. They are totally different from cigarettes.

C. They are harmful to public health. D. It is helpful to stop people from smoking.

13. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

A. E-cigarette? Same harm! B. Getting fined in China!

C. No smoking everywhere! D. Staying away from cigarettes!

4

Smoking has become socially unacceptable in the USA, due in part to the health risks.  Smoking is not permitted(允许) in  public buildings, and many businesses, especially restaurants, will not permit people to smoke.  Those restaurants that permit smoking will usually have a separate section for customers who smoke.  Your school probably has a ban(禁令) on smoking within school buildings or near building entrances.

Tobacco(烟草) products mustn't be sold to any­one under 18 years old, and American law requires all stores to ask to see an ID for anyone under 27 years old.

If you are a guest in someone's home, you should ask whether it is OK to smoke before lighting up.  If there are no ashtrays(烟灰缸) in the house, it is a good sign that smoking is not acceptable.

Smoking on airplane flights in the USA is not permitted.  You will be severely(严厉地) punished for smoking on an airplane or in an airplane toilet.  Smoking is not allowed on public transportation, either, including trains and buses.

Smoking around children is not right.  Buying cigarettes for a child, or giving a child a cigarette is illegal(违法的).

It is quite impolite to blow smoke in someone's face.

If you are smoking and someone coughs, it is often a polite way of asking you to put the cigarette out.

14. Tobacco products mustn't be sold to________.

A. any woman    B. anyone under 18 years old

C. any old man    D. anyone under 27 years old

15. If there are no ashtrays in the house, you should ________.

A. not smoke in the house

B. ask whether it is OK to smoke before lighting up

C. go to the toilet to smoke

D. take an ashtray with you

16. You will be severely punished for smoking ________.

A. within school buildings or near buildingentrances

B. on trains and buses

C. on buses

D. on airplane flights

17. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A. All stores must see an ID for anyone under 27 years old when he/she buys tobacco products in the USA. B. It's legal to give a cigarette to a child.

C. You can't smoke on public transportation, including buses and trolleys.

D. It is not polite to blow smoke in someone's face.

18. If you are smoking and someone coughs, ________.

A. you should take him/her to see a doctor

B. you can smoke after he/she coughs

C. you should put the cigarette out right now

D. you will be severely punished

5

A survey has found more teens are smoking in Beijing. A lot of primary and middle school

students are picking up the habit of smoking. The number is more than twice than a few years ago. The survey showed about 17percent of students at the primary and middle school picked up cigarettes last year，however it was only 7percent in 2005. Among the students，23percent of boys and 11percent of girls tried smoking in 2008，compared with 11percent of boys and 3percent of girls in 2005. The survey also found 51percent of vocational high school students tried to smoke last year. The number is 11percent higher than in 2005. "Influenced by television，magazine and other public media，and environmental factors，more and more teenagers are picking up cigarettes，"an official said. The survey found that：83percent learned about smoking and health information from television. 70percent from teachers. 65percent from parents. 56percent from newspapers. Wang Guan，a school health official of Beijing CDC（疾控中心），told China Daily that most teenage smokers are light smokers，with 77percent smoking fewer than five cigarettes a day. But the age when teenagers smoke their first cigarette is getting younger，she said. Some parents seem not to be worried about their children's bad habits. This year，Beijing will organize several health education activities on tobacco control，involving a tobacco control poster competition，community﹣level communication and the launch of a website promoting a smoke. free atmosphere. In May 2008，the capital banned smoking in public places，including restaurants，hotels，offices，hospitals and schools，to meet China's pledge of a smoke﹣flee Olympics.

19. From the passage，we can learn that the problem of teenagers smoking is becoming　   　

A. better and better

B. less and less

C. more and more interesting

D. more and more serious

20. Among the students，more　   　tried smoking than　   　in 2008.

A. parents；children

B. teachers；students

C. boys；girls

D. parents；teachers

21. The students learned about smoking and health information from the following ways

EXCET　   　

A. television B. teachers C. parents D. Internet

22. The age when teenagers smoke their first cigarette is getting　   　

A. elder B. younger C. higher D. lower

23. In May 2008，the capital　   　smoking in public places，including restaurants，hotels，offices，hospitals and schools.

A. allowed B. didn't allow C. asked D. let

6

Many of us have had this annoying(令人烦恼的) experience: You are waiting at a bus station when someone nearby begins to smoke. You move away, but there isn't much you can do about it.

In Beijing, a new law is set to fight against smoking. It is regarded as China's toughest ever tobacco control rule(最严厉的控烟条例). Smoking is not allowed in all indoor or public places. If people break the rules, they will have to pay up to 200 yuan.

Smoking in schools is specially mentioned in this law. Teachers can not smoke in front of students in schools. Schools should also help students give up smoking and teach them about the danger of smoking.

To get everybody to take part in the activity, Beijing has set up a report hotline and WeChat account(微信号). The public is invited tovoteon no-smoking signs on WeChat The most popular sign is a picture of a gir1. It has got more than 1 million votes unti1 now.

China is not the only country fighting smoking. In March 2004 Ireland became the first country to introduce a law on smoking in workplaces and public places. Many countries, including England and the US, then fo1lowed.

24. When someone begins to smoke, there is little you can do except_        

A. staying there    B. moving away

C. Smoking together    D. getting mad

25. In order to make people give up smoking, a new_  is passed in Beijing.

A. law    B. plan    C. sign    D. topic

26. If people break the new rule in Beijing, they wil1 have to pay up to_       

A. ￥100    B. ￥200    C. ￥300    D. ￥400

27.The underlined(画线的) word vote in the passage means_ .

A. 计票    B. 监票    C. 唱票    D. 投票

28. According to the last paragraph(段落), we can infer(推断) that_ .

A. Ireland was the last to introduce a law on smoking

B. China is the only country against smoking

C. many countries fight smoking in public places

D. England and the US didn't say no to smoke

【答案】B ABDC

【解析】本文介绍了北京的禁烟令：严禁在户外及公共场所吸烟，违者最高罚款200元；教师不准在学校吸烟，学校也应该帮助学生戒烟。为了得到大家的支持与参与，北京设立了专门的热线电话及微信号。包括中国在内，世界其它国家也相继禁止在公共场所吸烟了。

24.B  细节理解题。题意：当有人开始抽烟时，你毫无办法之外会做什么？A. staying there呆在那儿；B. moving away走开；C. Smoking together一起抽；D. getting mad 生气。由第一段最后一句“You move away, but there isn't much you can do about it.”你走开，但是你没有其它可做的事。可知本题选B。

25.A  细节理解题。题意：为了使人们戒烟，北京通过了一项新的什么？ A. law 法律；B. plan 计划； C.sign 标志； D.topic主题。由第二段第一句“In Beijing, a new law is set to fight against smoking. ”在北京，为了反对吸烟建立了一项新的法律。可知，本题选A。

26.B  细节理解题。题意：如果人们违反了北京的法律，他们最高要支付多少罚款？ A.￥100；B.￥200；C.￥300；D.￥400。由第二段最后一句“If people break the rules, they will have to pay up to 200 yuan.”可知，本题选B。

27. D  词义猜测题。题意：文中有下划线的vote 的意思是什么？A.计票；B.监票；C.唱票；D.投票。句意：The public is invited to vote on no-smoking signs on WeChat 邀请公众通过微信对无烟的标志进行vote。可以推测出其含义是投票。故选D。

28.C  推理判断题。题意：根据最后一段，我们可以推测出什么？ A. Ireland was the last to introduce a law on smoking爱尔兰是最后一个通过吸烟的法律的国家；B. China is the only country against smoking中国是唯一一个反对吸烟的国家；C. many countries fight smoking in public places许多国家反对在公共场所吸烟；D. England and the US didn't say no to smoke英国和美国不反对吸烟。根据本段大意：继爱尔兰在2004年世界上首次明令禁止在公共场所吸烟后，许多国家包括英国和美国也相继出现了类似的法规。可知本题选C。

二、短文填空

短文填空 根据短文内容及首字母提示，补全空格内单词，使短文完整、通顺。

Everyone knows that second-hand smoke is as dangerous as first-hand

smoke. But have you  h29.  of "third-hand" smoke?

Third-hand smoke means the pollution left on the surfaces (表面) of things around, l30.  furniture or clothes. When someone smokes in a room, poisonous particles(粒子) in tobacco (烟草) smoke land on the surfaces of the furniture or his clothes, even after the cigarette (香烟) has been put out. This can cause a great danger to your family, e31. younger children.

Babies have only just learned to walk. They are more likely to be harmed by third-hand smoke. This is b32.  they are often close to surfaces of things. such as floors, walls and furniture where tobacco particles remain. When they  t33.  these surfaces, they get their hands polluted.

So, it is necessary and important to say  n34.  to third-hand smoke. To achieve this, strict  r35.  for forbidding (禁止) smoking inside homes should be carved out. If one of your family members smokes, please make sure he smokes  o36.  the house. Get him a special jacket and hat, so once he  f37.  smoking, he will take them off before getting inside the house. Moreover, make sure that a smoker washes his hands and face, and changes his clothes before picking up the baby.

Many times, you cannot see the smoke doing harm to your child, but it doesn't mean he or she is s38. ". Give up smoking, or if that is not possible, make sure that your loved ones, far away from third-hand smoke.

三、完型填空

 Did you know that 11,000 people die every day from smoking? Did you know that people die every day from breathing smoke    39    other people's cigarettes?

Tobacco smoke has 43 ingredients (成分) that may    40    cancer. If smokers had learned these    41    when they were young, they probably would never have started smoking.

Most smokers try    42    first cigarette when they are teenagers. Often, they start smoking because they think that it makes them look more    43   . Sometimes they start smoking because their friends tell them that it's cool. If teenagers are told that half of them will die before the age of 65 from smoking cigarettes, how can they still think it's cool to smoke?

One of the biggest problems is cigarette advertisements. Tobacco companies    44    tell the truth to teenagers about cigarettes. After watching the advertisements on TV or looking at the posters in which people ride horses or play in a rock band, young people often think that smoking    45    be cool.

Sadly, cigarettes are very difficult to    46    once a person has started smoking. Most teenagers start smoking   47   they are influenced by friends or cigarettes advertisements. And often, the teenagers regret the decision to start smoking later in life.

Teenagers need to know   48   bad cigarettes are for their health. If they are told that cigarettes kill more people than guns do, they probably will never start smoking.

39. A. from B. with C. to

40. A. produce B. lead C. cause

41. A. facts B. information C. message

42. A. theirs B. their C. themselves

43. A. easy-going B. hard-working C. grown-up

44. A. never B. often C. always

45. A. need B. may C. must

46. A. give up B. put up C. look up

47. A. so B. although C. because

48. A. what B. how C. if

附加题：短文汉语提示填空

Many of you probably see some celebrities(名人) as role models. As public figures, celebrities have to be c49.  about what they say and do, as they are always in the spotlight.

That’s w50.  a video of teen star Wang Yuan smoking in a Beijing restaurant has gone viral(成为热门话题) for quite a long time. Smoking is not allowed in public indoor s51. , according to Beijing’s tobacco control regulations.

That day Wang Yuan was out with fellow stars, the actor Jia Nailiang and singer Yang Chaoyue at the restaurant, which the Beijing Youth Daily has identified as Japanese restaurant Sushi Tong.

Wang s52.  put up an apology on social media, saying that he had set a “bad example”. He also noted that he would bear responsibility(责任) for his actions and would a53.  his punishment, The Beijing News reported.

The story has created a lot of discussion. Many believe Wang has a lot of i54.  on young people. He has 73 million followers on Sina Weibo, most of whom are teenagers.

Some, however, said that Wang, who will turn 19, is an adult and has the right to decide whether or not to smoke, China Daily noted. But some have p55.  out that smoking in indoor public areas is not allowed in Beijing, according to the city’s tobacco control regulations.

Besides, as a celebrity, Wang also has to watch his behavior, as it is possible that his young fans will follow him. Smoking is unhealthy for a56. , no matter how old he or she is. Over time, it can cause heart disease and strokes(中风), according to the World Health Organization.

Meanwhile Wang Yuan is not the only one in t57. . Government inspectors also told the owner of the restaurant Sushi Tong that they must put up “no smoking” s58. , or they will be punished as well, the Beijing Youth Daily reported.