高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 3 Family matters备课ppt课件

Using language

Grammar——复习时态

一、语法图解

二、语法突破

1．一般现在时

(1)表示现在发生的动作或存在的状态。

He does his homework before dinner every evening.

他每天晚上晚饭前做作业。

(2)表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常与often, usually, sometimes, always等连用。

They always care  for each other and help each other.

他们总是互相关心、互相帮助。

(3)表示客观真理或客观存在的事实。

Time and tide wait for no man.

岁月不等人。

(4)表示计划、安排好的将来的动作。常用于表示位置转移的动词，如：go, come, arrive, leave, start, begin等。

The train for Hankou leaves at 8：00 in the morning.

开往汉口的列车于早上8点发车。

(5)在时间或条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时。

Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.

请你一到德国就给我打电话。

I'll write to her when I have time.

有时间我会写信给她。

2．现在完成时

(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。可以表示最近完成的动作，也可以表示经历或经验。常与just, recently, so far, up to now，till now, ever, never等连用。

I have just cleaned my clothes.

我刚洗过衣服。

(2)表示过去已经开始，持续到现在(可能还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态，常和表示一段时间的状语连用，如：for, since, these days, this year, now等。

She has taught in the school for ten years.

她在这所学校教书已经10年了。

I haven't eaten anything since breakfast.

我从早饭起就一直没有吃东西。

[名师点津]　表示短暂意义的动词(动作不能持续)，如arrive,  begin,  borrow, buy, come, die, join, leave等，其现在完成时的肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，需要时要用相应的表示延续状态的动词替换。

(3)在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可表示将来完成时。

I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.

我一写完信就会寄出的。

As long as you have cleaned all the windows，you are allowed to play.

只要你把所有的窗户擦完，你就可以玩了。

(4)经常用于以下句型：

①It is/has been＋一段时间＋since从句

It is/has been about 5 days since she left here.

自从她离开这里大约有5天了。

It is/has been 3 years since he lived here.

他不在这里生活已经有3年了。

②This (It) is the first (second ...) time that＋现在完成时

This is the first time that I have been here.

这是我第一次来这里。

3．现在进行时

(1)表示说话时正在发生的动作，常和now, right now, at this moment等时间状语及动词look, listen等连用，这是现在进行时的“暂时性”特征。

We are waiting for you now.

我们正等着你呢。

(2)表示目前一段时间内一直在发生的动作，但是说话时不一定在发生，常和these days, this week, at present等时间状语连用，这是现在进行时的“阶段性”特征。

She is learning to swim recently.

她最近正在学游泳。

We are having a wonderful time.

我们(这几天)玩得很开心。

(3)现在进行时表示将来。go，come, start, leave, arrive, return等表示位置移动的动词可以用现在进行时表示将来。

I am leaving for Beijing next week.

我下周要去北京。

(4)现在进行时可与always，forever，continually，constantly等副词连用，表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作，含有抱怨、赞叹、厌倦等感情色彩。

He is always asking the same question.

他总是问同一个问题。

[即时演练1]　单句语法填空

①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)It means (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed.

②(2020·天津高考)The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and has remained (remain) around that level ever since.

③(2020·江苏高考)If you look at all sides of the situation, you'll find probably a solution that suits (suit) everyone.

④Look! The monkey is climbing (climb) the banana tree.

⑤Hurry up! The train is leaving (leave)．We must get on as soon as possible.

⑥I don't know whether my sister will come.If she comes (come), I will let you know.

4．一般过去时

(1)主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。

I saw him in the street yesterday.

昨天我在街上看见他了。

(2)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和often, always等频率副词连用。

When I was a teenager, I played table tennis almost every day.

十几岁时，我几乎每天都打乒乓球。

(3)在以下句型中，常用一般过去时表示虚拟语气。

It is (high/about) time (that) you went to bed.

你该睡觉了。

I would rather they came tomorrow.

我宁愿他们明天来。

[名师点津]　一般过去时与现在完成时的区别

(1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在造成的影响，强调的是影响。

(2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语有yesterday，last week, ...ago，in 1980，just now等具体的时间状语；现在完成时的时间状语有for，since，so far，ever，never，just，yet，till/until，up to now，in the past years等不确定的时间状语。

5．过去完成时

(1)表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。

The train had left before I arrived at the station.

我到车站之前火车就开走了。

(2)表示愿望、打算的词(如hope, think, want, plan, expect)用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的想法、打算、希望或意图。

(2019·天津高考)I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it.

我本希望送彼得一件礼物祝贺他结婚，可是我没有做到。

(3)“时间名词＋before”在句中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词＋ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去时。

He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before.

他说他的启蒙老师至少10年前就过世了。

Xiao Hua left school three years ago.

肖华于三年前毕业。

(4)可用于以下句型中：

①在hardly/scarcely ...when ...，no sooner ...than ...句型中，主句常用过去完成时，表示“一……就……”。当hardly, scarcely, no sooner置于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。

She had hardly/scarcely gone to bed when the cellphone rang.

＝Hardly/Scarcely had she gone to bed when the cellphone rang.

她刚刚睡下手机就响了。

②This (That/It) was the first (second ...) time that ...＋过去完成时。

This was the first time that Tom had climbed the Mount Tai.

这是汤姆第一次爬泰山。

[名师点津]　在before和after引导的时间状语从句中，若表示两个过去的动作相继发生，两个动作都用一般过去时，前一个动作不必用过去完成时。

After he left the room, the boss came in.

他离开房间后老板进来了。

6．过去进行时

过去进行时表示过去某个时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作或存在的状态。

He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday.

昨天的这个时候他正在读一本有趣的书。

[即时演练2]　单句语法填空

①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)The unmanned Chang'e­4 probe (探测器)— the name was inspired by an ancient  Chinese moon goddess —  touched (touch) down last week in the South Pole­Aitken basin.

②(2020·浙江高考)As more children were born, more food was needed (need)．

③(2020·浙江高考)By about 6000 BC, people had discovered (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.

④(2020·江苏高考)Instead of getting down to a new task as I had expected(expect), he examined the previous work again.

⑤We were talking (talk) about your book this morning.The book is excellent.

7．一般将来时

(1)表示将来的动作或状态，常用“will/shall＋动词原形”，与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, next week等。

We will have a meeting tomorrow.

我们明天要开会。

(2)be about to do表示“即将，正要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。

Autumn harvest is about to start.

秋收即将开始。

8．过去将来时

过去将来时表示过去某个时候看来即将发生的动作或存在的状态，这种时态常用于宾语从句中，主句常用一般过去时。

He always said that he would study hard at that time.

他那时总是说他会努力学习的。

[即时演练3]　单句语法填空

①(2020·江苏高考)Technological innovations，combined with good marketing, will promote (promote) the sales of these products.

②We will go (go) out for a picnic this weekend.Would you like to attend it?

③He promised that he would come (come), but he hasn't arrived until now.

④(2020·浙江高考)The curtains are about to open (open), and in a few minutes the action and dialogue will tell you the story.

1．responsible adj.(对事故、错误、罪行等)负有责任的，应承担责任的

(教材P29) Who's responsible?

谁负责呢？

(经典佳句)The minister was responsible for the disaster and resigned.

部长对这场灾难负责并引咎辞职。

[练透]　单句语法填空

①He is free from any sense of responsibility(responsible)．

②As for me, I am so confident that I think I can have the responsibility to be (be) a volunteer for this event.

[写美]　一句多译

没有人想对这个问题负责。

③No one wants to be responsible for the problem.(responsible)

④No one wants to take/bear the responsibility for the problem.(responsibility)

⑤No one wants to be to blame for the problem.(blame v．)

2．aim v．力求达到；力争做到；目的是；旨在；瞄准；对准 n．目的；目标；瞄准

(教材P31) It aims to deepen people's understanding of issues that are related to families.

它的目的是加深人们对与家庭有关的问题的认识。

(经典佳句)These measures are aimed at preventing violent crime.

这些措施旨在防止暴力犯罪。

[练透]　单句语法填空

①Then a discussion will be held, aiming (aim) to improve mutual understanding.

②She said that her life seemed aimless (aim) after her children left home.

补全句子

③印发该传单的目的是提高公众对这种疾病的认识。

The leaflet has been produced with the aim of increasing public awareness of the disease.

[写美]　一句多译

这一措施的目的是减少交通事故。

④The aim of this measure is to reduce road accidents.(aim n．)

⑤This measure aims at reducing road accidents.(aim v．)

⑥This measure aims to reduce road accidents.(aim v．)

3．observe v．庆祝，过(节日、生日等)；观察，观测；看到，注意到；遵守(规则、法律等)

(教材P31) With a different theme each year, the day is observed with a wide range of events ...

每年有一个不同的主题，这天用许多活动来庆祝……

(经典佳句)The patients were observed over a period of several months.

这些病人被观察了数月之久。

[练透]　一词多义

①Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still observe the traditional customs.

         遵守

②The villagers observe the autumn harvest and look forward to the better crops next year.

         庆祝

③Jack observed a look of anxiety on his brother's face.                                  观察到

单句语法填空

④In hospital she'll be under observation (observe) all the time.

[写美]　句型转换

⑤The police observed the man enter the bank.

→The man was observed to enter the bank by the police.(改为被动句)

⑥She observed a man walking on the opposite of the way.

→She observed that a man was walking on the opposite of the way.(改为宾语从句)

[巧学助记]　When we attend the parade to observe the National Day, we must observe the traffic regulations.If we observe someone run a red light, we should stop him.

当我们参加游行庆祝国庆节的时候，我们必须遵守交通规则。如果我们看到有人闯红灯，我们就要阻止他。

4．range n．一系列；种类；范围

(经典佳句)In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond.

在任何一间办公室里，员工的年龄从22岁到70岁甚至更大。

[练透]　单句语法填空

①The room rates at this motel range from $30 to $50 per day.

②There are a number of companies that create robots to teach subjects to children, ranging  (range) from biology to computer science.

[写美]　补全句子

③这种工作我做不了。

This type of work is beyond/out of my range.

④在这个问题上，存在着很多不同的意见。

There is a wide range of opinions on this issue.

5．apologise v．道歉

(教材P31) Act out the conversation to apologise to a family member.

表演对话，向家人道歉。

(经典佳句)(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)After a while, she apologised for the way she behaved at the beginning.

过了一会儿，她为自己一开始的行为道歉。

[练透]　单句语法填空

①You must apologise to her for having kept (keep) her waiting.

②I offered her an apology (apologise), but she wouldn't accept it.

[写美]　一句多译

你应该为你的粗心向她道歉。

③You should make an apology to her for your carelessness.(apology)

④You should apologise to her for your carelessness.(apologise)

6．stress n．重音，重读；压力；重要性；v.强调；重读

(教材P31) Placing stress on particular words can have a big impact on the meaning and strength of apologies.

重读特定的词语会对道歉的意义和力度产生很大的影响。

(经典佳句)In “strategic” the stress falls on the second syllable.

strategic一词的重音在第二个音节。

[练透]　一词多义

①Stress is a major problem of modern life.                      压力

②He is careful to stress the laboratory's safety standards are the best in the country.                            强调

③In the word “engine” you should stress the first syllable.                                                           重读

单句语法填空

④Some people have to lead stressful (stress) lifestyles out of necessity.

⑤Things can easily go wrong when people are under stress.

[写美]　一句多译

他强调了接受良好教育的重要性。

⑥He laid/put great/much stress on receiving a good education.(stress n．)

⑦He stressed the importance of receiving a good education.(stress v．)

维度一　基础题型练

单句语法填空

1．They aimed to make (make) the country safe from terrorist attacks.

2．Police work is physically demanding and stressful (stress)．

3．She complained to the company and they sent her a written apology (apologise)．

4．The anti­smoking campaign had quite an impact on young people.

5．I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made (make) over the years.

6．On the last day of our week­long stay，we were invited (invite) to attend a private concert.

7．As you go through this book，you will find (find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.

8．If my brother comes (come) back from Beijing tomorrow, I will ask him to call you back.

9．—I hear you are working (work) in a pub.What's it like?

—Well, it's very hard work and I'm always tired，but I don't mind.

10．I would rather you went (go) shopping tomorrow.

维度二　语法与写作

补全句子

1．他总是想着怎样才能为人们多做些事情。

He is always thinking of how he could do more for the people.

2．除非我亲眼看到，否则我不会相信你的。

I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.

3．我小时候，妈妈很少听到我在公共场合唱歌。

My mother seldom heard me singing in public when I was young.

4．我已经多次劝说我父亲戒烟。

I have persuaded my father to give up smoking for many times.

5．2022年冬奥会将在北京和张家口举行。

The 2022 Winter Olympic Games will take place in Beijing and Zhangjiakou.

6．到昨天为止，我们已经收到了来自世界各地的1,000多封信。

By the end of yesterday, we had received over 1,000 letters from all over the world.

维度三　以语段形式练习语法

用正确的时态填空

Xiao Ming is very excited today, because his parents 1.will be (be) back from America.This is the first time that he 2.has been  (be) away from his family for such a long time.They 3.phoned  (phone) him yesterday and said, “We 4.are leaving (leave) for the airport at four o'clock, because the plane 5.takes (take) off at six.Are you 6.coming (come) to the airport to meet us？” “Of course，” he said.Just now he as well as his grandpa 7.was (be) going to meet his parents at the airport.They were about 8.to lock (lock) the door when the phone 9.rang (ring)．It was Xiao Ming's parents.“We 10.will arrive (arrive) home in half an hour.” What a great surprise!