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2019高考英语全国1卷文档和答案
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这是一份2019高考英语全国1卷文档和答案，共19页。
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：Hw much is the shirt?
A. £19.15.B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是C。
1. Where des this cnversatin take place?
A. In a classrm.B. In a hspital.C.In a museum.
2. What des Jack want t d?
A. Take fitness classes.
B. Buy a pair f gym shes.
C. Change his wrk schedule.
3. What are the speakers talking abut?
A. What t drink.B. Where t meet.C. When t leave.
4. What is the relatinship between the speakers?
A. Clleges.B. Classmates.C. Strangers.
5. Why is Emily mentined in the cnversatin?
A. She might want a ticket.
B. She is lking fr the man.
C. She has an extra ticket.
第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
Hw lng did James run his business?
A.10 years.B.13 years.C.15 years.
Hw des the wman feel abut James' situatin？
A. Embarrassed.B. Cncerned.C. Disappinted.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What has Kate’s mther decided t d?
A. Return t schl.B. Change her jb.C. Retire frm wrk.
9. What did Kate’s mther study at cllege?
A. Oil painting.B. Art histry.C. Business administratin.
10. What is Kate’s attitude tward her mther’s decisin?
A. Disapprving.B. Ambiguus. C. Understanding.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11.What is the man ding？
A. Chairing a meeting.
B. Hsting a radi prgram.
C. Cnducting a jb interview.
12. What benefits Mary mst in her jb?
A. Her wide reading.B. Her leaders’ guidance.C. Her friends’ help
13. Wh will Mary talk abut next?
A. Her teacher.B. Her fatherC. Her mther.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. Why des the man seldm d exercise?
A. He lacks mtivatin.
B. He has a heart prblem.
C. He wrks all the time.
15. What des Jacb Sattelmair prbably d?
A. He’s an athlete. B. He’s a researcher. C. He’s a jurnalist.
16. Why des the wman speak f a study?
A. T encurage the man.
B. T recmmend an exercise.
C. T supprt her findings.
17. Hw much time will the man prbably spend exercising weekly?
A.300 minutes.B.150 minutes.C.75 minutes.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What did the scientists d t the rad?
A. They repaired it. B. They painted it.C. They blcked it
19. Why are yung birds drawn t the rad surface?
A. It’s warm. B. It’s brwn. C. It’s smth.
20. What is the purpse f the scientists’ experiment?
A. T keep the birds there fr a whle year.
B. T help students study the birds well.
C. T prevent the birds frm being killed.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Need a Jb This Summer?
The prvincial gvernment and its partners ffer many prgrams t help students find summer jbs. The deadlines and what yu need t apply depend n the prgram.
Nt a student? G t the gvernment website t learn abut prgrams and nline tls available t help peple under 30 build skills, find a jb r start businesses all year rund.
Jbs fr Yuth
If yu are a teenager living in certain parts f the prvince, yu culd be eligible（符合条件） fr this prgram, which prvides eight weeks f paid emplyment alng with training.
Wh is eligible: Yuth 15-18 years ld in select cmmunities（社区）.
Summer Cmpany
Summer Cmpany prvides students with hands-n business training and awards f up t $ 3,000 t start and run their wn summer businesses.
Wh is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning t schl in the fall.
Stewardship Yuth Ranger Prgram
Yu culd apply t be a Stewardship Yuth Ranger and wrk n lcal natural resurce management prjects fr eight weeks this summer.
Wh is eligible: Students aged 16 r 17 at time f hire, but nt turning 18 befre December 31 this year.
Summer Emplyment Opprtunities（机会）
Thrugh the Summer Emplyment Opprtunities prgram, students are hired each year in a variety f summer psitins acrss the Prvincial Public Service, its related agencies and cmmunity grups.
Wh is eligible: Students aged 15 r lder. Sme psitins require students t be 15 t 24 r up t 29 fr persns with a disability.
21. What is special abut Summer Cmpany?
A. It requires n training befre emplyment.
B. It prvides awards fr running new businesses.
C. It allws ne t wrk in the natural envirnment.
D. It ffers mre summer jb pprtunities.
22. What is the age range required by Stewardship Yuth Ranger Prgram?
A. 15-18. B. 15-24. C. 15-29. D. 16-17.
23. Which prgram favrs the disabled?
A. Jbs fr Yuth. B. Summer Cmpany.
C. Stewardship Yuth Ranger Prgram. D. Summer Emplyment Opprtunities.
【语篇概要】本文是应用文。文章介绍了省政府及其合作伙伴提供了许多项目，来帮助学生在暑期找到工作。
【答案解析】
21. B 细节理解题。根据Summer Cmpany部分中的Summer Cmpany prvides students with…awards f up t $ 3,000 t start and run their wn summer businesses.可知，Summer Cmpany为学生提供高达3000美元的奖励，来开始和经营他们自己的暑期业务。 start and run their wn summer businesses即为“开办新的业务”，这对应B项中的run new businesses。故选B。
22. D 细节理解题。 根据Stewardship Yuth Ranger Prgram部分中的第二段Wh is eligible: Students aged 16 r 17 at time f hire, but nt turning 18 befre December 31 this year.可知，符合条件的学生：在聘用期间年满16岁或17岁的学生，但在今年12月31日之前未满18岁。由此得出，这个项目要求年龄在16-17岁之间。分析选项可知D项符合题意，故选D。
23. D 细节理解题。根据Summer Emplyment Opprtunities部分中的最后一段最后一句 Wh is eligible: …Sme psitins require students t be 15 t 24 r up t 29 fr persns with a disability.可知，Summer Emplyment Opprtunities有些职位是给残疾人的。分析选项可知，D项符合题意，故选D。
B
Fr Canaan Elementary’s secnd grade in Patchgue, N.Y., tday is speech day, and right nw it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-ld is the jker f the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind f kid wh wuld enjy public speaking.
But he’s nervus. “I’m here t tell yu tday why yu shuld … shuld…” Chris trips n the “-ld,” a prnunciatin difficulty fr many nn-native English speakers. His teacher, Thmas Whaley, is next t him, whispering supprt. “…Vte fr …me …” Except fr sme stumbles, Chris is ding amazingly well. When he brings his speech t a nice cnclusin, Whaley invites the rest f the class t praise him.
A sn f immigrants, Chris stared learning English a little ver three years ag. Whaley recalls （回想起）hw at the beginning f the year, when called upn t read, Chris wuld excuse himself t g t the bathrm.
Learning English as a secnd language can be a painful experience. What yu need is a great teacher wh lets yu make mistakes. “It takes a lt fr any student,” Whaley explains, “especially fr a student wh is learning English as their new language, t feel cnfident enugh t say, ‘I dn’t knw, but I want t knw. ’”
Whaley gt the idea f this secnd-grade presidential campaign prject when he asked the children ne day t raise their hands if they thught they culd never be a president. The answer brke his heart. Whaley says the prject is abut mre than just learning t read and speak in public. He wants these kids t learn t bast（夸耀）abut themselves.
“Basting abut yurself, and yur best qualities,” Whaley says, “is very difficult fr a child wh came int the classrm nt feeling cnfident.”
24. What made Chris nervus？
A. Telling a stry. B. Making a speech. C. Taking a test. D. Answering a questin.
25. What des the underlined wrd “stumbles” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Imprper pauses. B. Bad manners. C. Spelling mistakes. D. Silly jkes.
26. We can infer that the purpse f Whaley’s prject is t _________.
A. help students see their wn strengths B. assess students’ public speaking skills
C. prepare students fr their future jbs D. inspire students’ lve fr plitics
27. Which f the fllwing best describes Whaley as a teacher?
A. Humrus. B. Ambitius. C. Caring. D. Demanding.
【语篇概要】本文是记叙文。文章讲述Thmas Whaley为了帮助学生学英语以及树立信心，专门开展了一个演讲课程。
【答案解析】
24. B 细节理解题。根据第一段tday is speech day和本段最后一句with shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind f kid wh wuld enjy public speaking.以及第二段第一句But he’s nervus.可知，Chris眼睛黑亮，似乎是那种喜欢公共演讲的孩子，但是他却很紧张，故可知Chris是因为做演讲紧张，故选B。
25. A 词义猜测题。 根据第二段I’m here t tell yu tday why yu shuld…shuld…Chris trips n the “-ld”, a prnunciatin difficulty fr many nn-native English speakers.以及后文except fr sme stumbles, Chris is ding amazingly well.可知，Chris 发-ld这个音比较困难，这对于英语不是母语的学习者来说都是一个困难，总体来说Chris做得出奇得好。根据前文可知，-ld发音不准，因此有些结巴，停顿得不准，故选A。
26. A 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Whaley says the prject is abut mre than just learning t read and speak in public. He wants these kids t learn t bast abut themselves.以及最后一段 “Basting abut yurself, and yur best qualities,” Whaley says, “is very difficult fr a child wh came int the classrm nt feeling cnfident.”可知，这个课程不仅仅教孩子阅读以及公共演讲，还要让孩子学会夸耀自己，而夸耀自己对于那些进入教室没有信心的学生来说很困难，故可知，Whaley老师这么做是为了帮助学生认识自己的优势增加信心，故选A。
27. C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Whaley gt the idea f this secnd-grade presidential campaign prject when he asked the children ne day t raise their hands if they thught they culd never be a president.”和最后一句“He wants these kids t learn t bast abut themselves.”可知，当他有一天让认为他们自己当不了总统的学生举手的时候，他想到了一个主意，这个课程就是帮助学生树立自己的信心，故可以看出这位老师很关心学生的成长。humrus 幽默的；ambitius 有雄心壮志的；caring 关心的；demanding要求高的。故选C。
C
As data and identity theft becmes mre and mre cmmn, the market is grwing fr bimetric （生物测量）technlgies — like fingerprint scans — t keep thers ut f private e-spaces. At present, these technlgies are still expensive, thugh.
Researchers frm Gergia Tech say that they have cme up with a lw-cst device（装置） that gets arund this prblem: a smart keybard. This smart keybard precisely measures the cadence （节奏）with which ne types and the pressure fingers apply t each key. The keybard culd ffer a strng layer f security by analyzing things like the frce f a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique t each persn. Thus, the keybard can determine peple’s identities, and by extensin, whether they shuld be given access t the cmputer it’s cnnected t — regardless f whether smene gets the passwrd right.
It als desn’t require a new type f technlgy that peple aren’t already familiar with. Everybdy uses a keybard and everybdy types differently.
In a study describing the technlgy, the researchers had 100 vlunteers type the wrd “tuch” fur times using the smart keybard. Data cllected frm the device culd be used t recgnize different participants based n hw they typed, with very lw errr rates. The researchers say that the keybard shuld be pretty straightfrward t cmmercialize and is mstly made f inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hpes t make it t market in the near future.
28. Why d the researchers develp the smart keybard?
A. T reduce pressure n keys. B. T imprve accuracy in typing.
C. T replace the passwrd system. D. T cut the cst f e-space prtectin.
29. What makes the inventin f the smart keybard pssible?
A. Cmputers are much easier t perate.
B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develp fast.
C. Typing patterns vary frm persn t persn.
D. Data security measures are guaranteed.
30. What d the researchers expect f the smart keybard?
A. It’ll be envirnment-friendly. B. It’ll reach cnsumers sn.
C. It’ll be made f plastics. D. It’ll help speed up typing.
31. Where is this text mst likely frm?
A. A diary. B. A guidebk. C. A nvel. D. A magazine.
【语篇概要】本文是说明文。数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，目前，像指纹扫描等这些技术仍然是昂贵的。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘，它能给e-space用户带来安全，而且这项技术也不贵。
【答案解析】
28. D 细节理解题。根据第一段的At present, these technlgies are still expensive, thugh.和第二段的Researchers frm Gergia Tech say that they have cme up with a lw-cst device that gets arund this prblem: a smart key bard.可知，研究者们开发智能键盘是为了降低e-space保护的成本。故选D。
29. C 细节理解题。根据第二段的The keybard culd ffer a strng layer f security by analyzing things like the frce f a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique t each persn. Thus, the keybard can determine peple’s identities.可知，因为每个人的打字方式不同，使智能键盘能够识别人的身份。故选C。
30. B 细节理解题。根据最后一段的The team hpes t make it t market in the near future.可知，研究者们希望智能键盘能早日面世。故选B。
31. D 推理判断题。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘，它能给e-space用户带来安全，由此可知，本文是关于科技的，结合所给选项可知，本文可能来自于一本杂志。故选D。
D
During the rsy years f elementary schl（小学）, I enjyed sharing my dlls and jkes, which allwed me t keep my high scial status. I was the queen f the playgrund. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cl kids. They rse in the ranks nt by being friendly but by smking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jkes n thers, amng whm I sn fund myself.
Ppularity is a well-explred subject in scial psychlgy. Mitch Prinstein, a prfessr f clinical psychlgy srts the ppular int tw categries: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-thers qualities strengthen schlyard friendships, jump-start interpersnal skills and, when tapped early, are emplyed ever after in life and wrk. Then there’s the kind f ppularity that appears in adlescence: status brn f pwer and even dishnrable behavir.
Enviable as the cl kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies shw unpleasant cnsequences. Thse wh were highest in status in high schl, as well as thse least liked in elementary schl, are “mst likely t engage（从事）in dangerus and risky behavir. ”
In ne study, Dr. Prinstein examined the tw types f ppularity in 235 adlescents, scring the least liked, the mst liked and the highest in status based n student surveys（调查研究）. “We fund that the least well-liked teens had becme mre aggressive ver time tward their classmates. But s had thse wh were high in status. It clearly shwed that while likability can lead t healthy adjustment, high status has just the ppsite effect n us.”
Dr. Prinstein has als fund that the qualities that made the neighbrs want yu n a play
date — sharing, kindness, penness — carry ver t later years and make yu better able t relate and cnnect with thers.
In analyzing his and ther research, Dr. Prinstein came t anther cnclusin: Nt nly is likability related t psitive life utcmes, but it is als respnsible fr thse utcmes, t. “Being liked creates pprtunities fr learning and fr new kinds f life experiences that help smebdy gain an advantage,” he said.
32. What srt f girl was the authr in her early years f elementary schl?
A. Unkind. B. Lnely. C. Generus. D. Cl.
33. What is the secnd paragraph mainly abut?
A. The classificatin f the ppular. B. The characteristics f adlescents.
C. The imprtance f interpersnal skills. D. The causes f dishnrable behavir.
34. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find abut the mst liked kids?
A. They appeared t be aggressive. B. They tended t be mre adaptable.
C. They enjyed the highest status. D. They perfrmed well academically.
35. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Be Nice — Yu Wn’t Finish Last B. The Higher the Status, the Better
C. Be the Best — Yu Can Make It D. Mre Self-Cntrl, Less Aggressiveness
【语篇概要】本文是说明文。文章主要讲到研究表明，对别人好，讨人喜欢，会对人们生活的各个方面产生深远的有益影响。
【答案解析】
32. C 推理判断题。根据第一段During the rsy years f elementary schl, I enjyed sharing my dlls and jkes, which allwed me t keep my high scial status.可知，在美好的小学时光里，我喜欢分享我的洋娃娃和笑话，这让我保持了高高的社会地位。由此推断出，作者在小学早期时，是一个慷慨的女孩。unkind不友善的；lnely寂寞的；generus慷慨的；cl冷静的；酷的。故选C。
33. A 主旨大意题。第二段“Mitch Prinstein, a prfessr f clinical psychlgy srts the ppular int tw categries: the likable and the status seekers.”可知，临床心理学教授Mitch Prinstein将受欢迎的人分为两类：讨人喜欢的人和追求地位的人。该句是段落主题句，本段内容分别对the likable 和the status seekers 做了解释，所以本段主要介绍了受欢迎的人的分类，故选A。
34. B 推理判断题。根据第四段It clearly shwed that while likability can lead t healthy adjustment，由healthy adjustment推断出，心理学教授Mitch Prinstein的研究表明，被人喜欢的孩子适应性更强，故选B。
35. A 主旨大意题。通过阅读全文内容，尤其是最后一段，可知这篇文章主要讲了受欢迎，讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的有益影响。与选项A“对别人好——最终，你的收获无穷无尽”一致，故选A。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Is Fresh Air Really Gd fr Yu?
We all grew up hearing peple tell us t “g ut and get sme fresh air.” 36 Accrding t recent studies, the answer is a big YES，if the air quality in yur camping area is gd.
37 If the air yu’re breathing is clean-which it wuld be if yu’re away frm the smg f cities-then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing xygen. If yu exercise ut f drs，yur bdy will learn t breathe mre deeply, allwing even mre xygen t get t yur muscles（肌肉）and yur brain.
Recently，peple have begun studying the cnnectin between the natural wrld and healing（治愈）. 38 In these places patients can g t be near nature during their recvery. It turns ut that just lking at green，grwing things can reduce stress，lwer bld pressure，and put peple int a better md（情绪）.Greenery is gd fr us. Hspital patients wh see tree branches ut their windw are likely t recver at a faster rate than patients wh see buildings r sky instead. 39 It gives us a great feeling f peace.
40 While the sun’s rays can age and harm ur skin, they als give is beneficial Vitamin D. T make sure yu get enugh Vitamin D — but still prtect yur skin — put n sunscreen right as yu head utside. It takes sunscreen abut fifteen minutes t start wrking, and that's plenty f time fr yur skin t absrb a day's wrth f Vitamin D.
A. Fresh air cleans ur lungs.
B. S what are yu waiting fr?
C. Being in nature refreshes us.
D. Anther side benefit f getting fresh air is sunlight.
E. But is fresh air really as gd fr yu as yur mther always said?
F. Just as imprtantly, we tend t assciate air with health care.
G. All acrss the cuntry, recvery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 （共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Every year abut 40,000 peple attempt t climb Kilimanjar, the highest muntain in Africa. They 41 with them lts f waste. The 42 might damage the beauty f the place. The glaciers（冰川）are disappearing, changing the 43 f Kilimanjar.
Hearing these stries, I’m 44 abut the place — ther destinatins are described as “purer” natural experiences.
Hwever, I sn 45 that much has changed since the days f disturbing reprts f 46 amng tns f rubbish. I find a 47 muntain, with tilets at camps and alng the paths. The envirnmental challenges are 48 but the effrts made by the Tanzania Natinal Park Authrity seem t be 49 .
The best f a Kilimanjar 50 , in my pinin, isn’t reaching the tp. Muntains are 51 as spiritual places by many cultures. This 52 is especially evident n Kilimanjar as 53 g thrugh five ecsystems（生态系统）in the space f a few kilmeters. At the base is a rainfrest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, 54 lands f lw grwing plants. Further up, the weather 55 — lw cluds envelpe the muntainsides, which are cvered with thick grass. I 56 twelve shades f green frm where I stand. Abve 4, 000 meters is the highland 57 : gravel（砾石）, stnes and rcks. 58 yu climb int an arctic-like zne with 59 snw and the glaciers that may sn disappear.
Des Kilimanjar 60 its reputatin as a crwded muntain with lines f turists ruining the atmsphere f peace？I fund the ppsite t be true.
41. A. keepB. mixC. cnnect D. bring
42. A. stries B. buildings C. crwds D. reprters
43. A. psitinB. ageC. face D. name
44. A. silentB. skeptical C. serius D. crazy
45. A. discverB. argueC. decide D. advcate
46. A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stnes
47. A. remte B. quiet C. all D. clean
48. A. newB. special C. significant D. necessary
49. A. paying ff B. spreading ut C. blwing up D. fading away
50. A. atmsphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight
51. A. studied B. bserved C. explred D. regarded
52. A. viewB. quality C. reasnD. purpse
53. A. scientists B. climbers C. lcalsD. fficials
54. A. hlding n t B. ging back t C. living up t D. giving way t
55. A. changes B. clearsC. imprvesD. permits
56. A. match B. imagine C. cunt D. add
57. A. village B. desert C. radD. lake
58. A. Obviusly B. Easily C. Cnsequently D. Finally
59. A. permanent B. littleC. freshD. artificial
60. A. enjy B. deserve C. saveD. acquire
【语篇概要】本文是记叙文。每年有4万名登山者攀登非洲第一高峰乞力马扎罗山，他们带来了垃圾，破坏了这里的环境，再加上冰川的消失，改变着它的地貌。对此作者对这个地方变成了那个样子很是怀疑，想一探究竟。当他来到这里时，他发现当地环保措施很到位，同时作者发现乞力马扎罗山有多种生态系统。 作者认为乞力马扎罗山不应该被誉为一座挤满破坏了宁静氛围的游客的山峰。
【答案解析】
41. D 考查动词辨析。A. keep“保持”；B. mix“混合”；C. cnnect“联系”；D. bring“带来”。由lts f waste可知，登山者带来了很多的垃圾。故选D。
42. C 考查名词辨析。A. stries“故事”；B. buildings“建筑物”；C. crwds“人群”；D. reprters“记者”。句意：人群可能会破坏这个地方的美。由“40,000”可知，这是一个庞大的群体。故选C。
43. C 考查名词辨析。A. psitin“位置”；B. age“年龄”；C. face“外貌”；D. name“名字”。冰川是乞力马扎罗山地貌之一，所以冰川融化会改变它的地貌。故选C。
44. B 考查形容词辨析。A. silent “沉默的”；B. skeptical“怀疑的”；C. serius“严肃的”；D. crazy“疯狂的”。句意：听到这些故事，我对这个地方产生了怀疑——其他旅游地被描述为“更纯粹”的自然体验。由下文可知，作者亲自来到了乞力马扎罗山，作者想解开这个怀疑。故be skeptical abut“对……怀疑”符合句意。故选B。
45. A 考查动词辨析。A. discver“发现”；B. argue“争论”；C. decide“决定”；D. advcate“提倡”。句意：然而，我很快发现，自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来，情况发生了很大的变化。由much has changed可知，作者发现情况发生了很大的变化。故选A。
46. C 考查名词辨析。A. equipment“装备”；B. grass“草”；C. camps“营地”；D. stne“石头”。句意：我很快发现，自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来，情况发生了很大的变化。由下文at camps可知，本句属于原词再现。故选C。
47. D 考查形容词辨析。A. remte“遥远的”；B. quiet“安静的”；C. tall“高的”；D. clean“干净的”。句意：我发现了一座干净的山，营地里和路边都有厕所。由with tilets at camps and alng the paths可知，营地里和路边都有厕所。所以这是一座干净的山。故选D。
48. C 考查形容词辨析。A. new“新的”；B. special“特殊的”；C. significant“显著的”；D. necessary必要的”。句意：环境挑战是显著的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。根据前文可知，很多的登山者来到乞力马扎罗山以及冰川可能会消失。这对于环境来说是一个显著的挑战。故选C。
49. A 考查动词短语辨析。A. paying ff“使人得益；有报偿”；B. spreading ut“伸展”；C. blwing up“爆炸”；D. fading away“逐渐消退”。句意：环境挑战是显著的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。由but可知，前后表示转折关系，说明坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。故选A。
50. B 考查名词辨析。A. atmsphere“氛围”；B. experience“经历”；C. experiment“实验”；D. sight“视力”。句意：在我看来，登乞力马扎罗山最好的经历并不是到达顶峰。登山就是人生的一种经历。故选B。
51. D 考查动词辨析。A. studied“学习”；B. bserved“观察”；C. explred“探索”；D. regarded“认为”。句意：山被许多文化视为精神场所。由spiritual space,可知，山被许多文化视为精神场所。be regarded as“被视为……”符合句意。故选D。
52. A 考查名词辨析。A. view“景色”；B. quality“质量”；C. reasn“原因”；D. purpse“目的”。句意：在乞力马扎罗，当登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时，景色差异尤为明显。有五个生态系统，所以景色也是明显的不同。故选A。
53. B 考查名词辨析。A. scientists“科学家”；B. climbers “登山者”；C. lcals“当地人”； D. fficials“官员”。句意：在乞力马扎罗，当登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时，景色差异尤为明显。来到乞力马扎罗都是为了登山，也只有登山者能体验到五个生态系统。故选B。
54. D 考查动词短语辨析。A. hlding n t“抓住”；B. ging back t“回到（原来的话题）”；C. living up t“履行”；D. giving way t“向……让路”。句意：热带雨林在海拔3000米处突然到了尽头，让路于大片的低矮植物。这里指热带雨林在海拔3000米处突然到了尽头，所以海拔3000米以上就是大片的低矮植物。 giving way t“向……让路”符合句意。故选D。
55. A 考查动词辨析。A. changes“改变”；B. clears“放晴”；C. imprves“提高”； D. permits“允许”。句意：再往上走，天气变了——低云笼罩着被厚厚的草覆盖的山腰。由lw cluds可知，生态系统不同，天气也是不同的，是变化的。故选A。
56. C 考查动词辨析。A. match“匹配”；B. imagine“想象”；C. cunt“数”；D. add“增加”。句意：我从站的地方数出了十二种绿色。由twelve shades f green可知，作者数出了十二种绿色。故选C。
57. B 考查名词辨析。A. village“村庄”； B. desert “沙漠，荒地”；C. rad“马路”；D. lake“湖”。句意：海拔4000米以上是高原沙漠：砾石、石头和岩石。由grave, stnes and rcks可知，海拔4000米以上是高山沙漠。故选B。
58. D 考查副词辨析。A. Obviusly“明显地”；B. Easily“容易地”；C. Cnsequently“必然地”；D. Finally“最后地”。句意：海拔4000米以上是高原沙漠：砾石、石头和岩石。生态系统最顶端也是最后一个生态系统是冰川地区。故选D。
59. A 考查形容词辨析。A. permanent“永久的”；B. little“小的”；C. fresh“新鲜的”；D. artificial“人造的”。句意：很明显，你爬进了一个类似北极的地带，那里有着永久性的积雪和可能很快消失的冰川。由arctic-like zne可知，这是一个类似北极的地带，所以有永久性的积雪。故选A。
60. B 考查动词辨析。A. enjy“享受”；B. deserve“值得”；C. save“挽救”；D. acquire“获得”。句意：乞力马扎罗山是一座拥挤的山，挤满了成群的游客，破坏了宁静的气氛，它值得这样的名声吗？这里作者在质疑乞力马扎罗山是否值得这样的名声，解答前文的怀疑，最后得出自己的答案。故选B。
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The plar bear is fund in the Arctic Circle and sme big land masses as far suth as Newfundland. While they are rare nrth f 88°, there is evidence 61 they range all the way acrss the Arctic, and as far suth as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult t figure ut a glbal ppulatin f plar bears as much f the range has been 62 (pr) studied; hwever, bilgists calculate that there are abut 20,000-25,000 plar bears wrldwide.
Mdern methds 63 tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 64 (perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area. In recent years sme Inuit peple in Nunavut 65 (reprt) increases in bear sightings arund human settlements, leading t a 66 (believe) that ppulatins are increasing. Scientists have respnded by 67 (nte) that hungry bears may be cngregating (聚集) arund human settlements, leading t the illusin (错觉) that ppulatins are 68 (high) than they actually are. Of 69 nineteen recgnized plar bear subppulatins, three are declining, six 70 (be) stable, ne is increasing, and nine lack enugh data.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I became interesting in playing ftball thanks t a small accident. One afternn where I was in primary schl, I was walking by the schl playgrund. Suddenly ftball feel just in frnt f me but almst hit me. I stpped the ball and kicked it hardly back t the playgrund. T everyne`s surprising, the ball went int the net. All the ftball player n the playgrund cheered ludly, say that I had a talent fr ftball. Frm nw n, I started t play my ftball with classmates after schl. I am a gd player nw.
1. 第一句：interesting改为interested。考查形容词用法。interest“使感兴趣；使关注”的形容词有interesting“使人感兴趣的”常常修饰物体或者事情；与interested“表现出兴趣的”常修饰人。句意：多亏一个偶然的事件, 我对踢足球产生了兴趣。主语是I, 故将interesting改为interested。
2. 第二句：where改为when。考查定语从句。先行词ne afternn表示时间, 在定语从句中作状语, 所以关系词要用when。故将where改为when。
3. 第三句：ftball之前加a。考查冠词。名词ftball是可数名词, 前边需要有限定词。这里ftball第一次出现, 故在ftball前加a。
4. 第三句：but改为and。考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边, 而且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系, 不是转折关系。故将but改为and。
5. 第四句：hardly改为hard。考查副词。hard“努力地；费力地”与hardly“几乎不；几乎没有”都是副词, 但是词义不同。句意：我挡住足球, 并使劲地将它踢回操场。故将hardly改为hard。
6. 第五句：surprising改为surprise。考查固定搭配。“t ne’s + 名词”在句中表示结果, “t ne’s surprise”意思为“使某人惊讶的是……”。故将surprising改为surprise。
7. 第六句：player改为players。考查名词的数。player“运动员”是可数名词, 所以all“所有的”后需要用player的复数形式。故将player改为players。
8. 第六句：say改为saying。考查现在分词。句意：操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼, 说我有足球天赋。句中谓语动词是cheered, say在此作伴随状语, 与主语players是主谓关系, 故将say改为saying。
9. 第七句：nw改为then。考查固定搭配。句意：从那时开始, 我放学后跟同学一起踢足球。而 frm nw n“从现在开始”, 后面句子应该表示从现在开始所发生的动作或存在的情况, 不能用一般过去时。但是，此处后面是一般过去时, 表示“从那时起”是frm then n, 故将nw改为then。
10. 第七句：my删除。考查固定搭配。“踢足球”的英语表达是“play ftball”, 中间不能加冠词或者物主代词。故将my去掉。
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是李华，暑假在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要剧版中国画展。请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括：
1．写信目的：
2．个人优势：
3．能做的事情。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．结束语已为你写好。
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
英语试题参考答案
第一部分 听力
1. B2. A3. B4. C5. A
6. C7. B8. A9. C10. C
11. B12. A13. C14. A15. B
16. A17. C 18. B19. A20. C
第二部分 阅读理解
21. B22. D23. D24. B 25. A
26. A27. C28. D29. C30. B
31. D32. C33. A34. B35. A
36. E37. A38. G39. C40. D
第三部分 语言知识运用
41. D42. C43. C44. B45. A
46. C47. D48. C49. A50. B
51. D52. A53. B54. D55. A
56. C57. B58. D59. A60. B
61. that 62. prly 63. f/fr 64. t perfrm 65. have reprted
66. belief 67. nting68. higher 69. the 70. are
第四部分 写作
第一节
I became in playing ftball thanks t a small accident.
One afternn I was in primary schl, I was walking by the schl playgrund. Suddenly ftball fell just in frnt f me almst hit me.
I stpped the ball and kicked it back t the playgrund. T everyne’s , the ball went int the net. All the ftball n the playgrund cheered ludly, that I had a talent fr ftball. Frm n, I started t play ftball with classmates after schl. I am a gd player nw.
第二节（略）
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：Hw much is the shirt?
A. £19.15.B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是C。
1. Where des this cnversatin take place?
A. In a classrm.B. In a hspital.C.In a museum.
2. What des Jack want t d?
A. Take fitness classes.
B. Buy a pair f gym shes.
C. Change his wrk schedule.
3. What are the speakers talking abut?
A. What t drink.B. Where t meet.C. When t leave.
4. What is the relatinship between the speakers?
A. Clleges.B. Classmates.C. Strangers.
5. Why is Emily mentined in the cnversatin?
A. She might want a ticket.
B. She is lking fr the man.
C. She has an extra ticket.
第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
Hw lng did James run his business?
A.10 years.B.13 years.C.15 years.
Hw des the wman feel abut James' situatin？
A. Embarrassed.B. Cncerned.C. Disappinted.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What has Kate’s mther decided t d?
A. Return t schl.B. Change her jb.C. Retire frm wrk.
9. What did Kate’s mther study at cllege?
A. Oil painting.B. Art histry.C. Business administratin.
10. What is Kate’s attitude tward her mther’s decisin?
A. Disapprving.B. Ambiguus. C. Understanding.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11.What is the man ding？
A. Chairing a meeting.
B. Hsting a radi prgram.
C. Cnducting a jb interview.
12. What benefits Mary mst in her jb?
A. Her wide reading.B. Her leaders’ guidance.C. Her friends’ help
13. Wh will Mary talk abut next?
A. Her teacher.B. Her fatherC. Her mther.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. Why des the man seldm d exercise?
A. He lacks mtivatin.
B. He has a heart prblem.
C. He wrks all the time.
15. What des Jacb Sattelmair prbably d?
A. He’s an athlete. B. He’s a researcher. C. He’s a jurnalist.
16. Why des the wman speak f a study?
A. T encurage the man.
B. T recmmend an exercise.
C. T supprt her findings.
17. Hw much time will the man prbably spend exercising weekly?
A.300 minutes.B.150 minutes.C.75 minutes.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What did the scientists d t the rad?
A. They repaired it. B. They painted it.C. They blcked it
19. Why are yung birds drawn t the rad surface?
A. It’s warm. B. It’s brwn. C. It’s smth.
20. What is the purpse f the scientists’ experiment?
A. T keep the birds there fr a whle year.
B. T help students study the birds well.
C. T prevent the birds frm being killed.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Need a Jb This Summer?
The prvincial gvernment and its partners ffer many prgrams t help students find summer jbs. The deadlines and what yu need t apply depend n the prgram.
Nt a student? G t the gvernment website t learn abut prgrams and nline tls available t help peple under 30 build skills, find a jb r start businesses all year rund.
Jbs fr Yuth
If yu are a teenager living in certain parts f the prvince, yu culd be eligible（符合条件） fr this prgram, which prvides eight weeks f paid emplyment alng with training.
Wh is eligible: Yuth 15-18 years ld in select cmmunities（社区）.
Summer Cmpany
Summer Cmpany prvides students with hands-n business training and awards f up t $ 3,000 t start and run their wn summer businesses.
Wh is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning t schl in the fall.
Stewardship Yuth Ranger Prgram
Yu culd apply t be a Stewardship Yuth Ranger and wrk n lcal natural resurce management prjects fr eight weeks this summer.
Wh is eligible: Students aged 16 r 17 at time f hire, but nt turning 18 befre December 31 this year.
Summer Emplyment Opprtunities（机会）
Thrugh the Summer Emplyment Opprtunities prgram, students are hired each year in a variety f summer psitins acrss the Prvincial Public Service, its related agencies and cmmunity grups.
Wh is eligible: Students aged 15 r lder. Sme psitins require students t be 15 t 24 r up t 29 fr persns with a disability.
21. What is special abut Summer Cmpany?
A. It requires n training befre emplyment.
B. It prvides awards fr running new businesses.
C. It allws ne t wrk in the natural envirnment.
D. It ffers mre summer jb pprtunities.
22. What is the age range required by Stewardship Yuth Ranger Prgram?
A. 15-18. B. 15-24. C. 15-29. D. 16-17.
23. Which prgram favrs the disabled?
A. Jbs fr Yuth. B. Summer Cmpany.
C. Stewardship Yuth Ranger Prgram. D. Summer Emplyment Opprtunities.
【语篇概要】本文是应用文。文章介绍了省政府及其合作伙伴提供了许多项目，来帮助学生在暑期找到工作。
【答案解析】
21. B 细节理解题。根据Summer Cmpany部分中的Summer Cmpany prvides students with…awards f up t $ 3,000 t start and run their wn summer businesses.可知，Summer Cmpany为学生提供高达3000美元的奖励，来开始和经营他们自己的暑期业务。 start and run their wn summer businesses即为“开办新的业务”，这对应B项中的run new businesses。故选B。
22. D 细节理解题。 根据Stewardship Yuth Ranger Prgram部分中的第二段Wh is eligible: Students aged 16 r 17 at time f hire, but nt turning 18 befre December 31 this year.可知，符合条件的学生：在聘用期间年满16岁或17岁的学生，但在今年12月31日之前未满18岁。由此得出，这个项目要求年龄在16-17岁之间。分析选项可知D项符合题意，故选D。
23. D 细节理解题。根据Summer Emplyment Opprtunities部分中的最后一段最后一句 Wh is eligible: …Sme psitins require students t be 15 t 24 r up t 29 fr persns with a disability.可知，Summer Emplyment Opprtunities有些职位是给残疾人的。分析选项可知，D项符合题意，故选D。
B
Fr Canaan Elementary’s secnd grade in Patchgue, N.Y., tday is speech day, and right nw it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-ld is the jker f the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind f kid wh wuld enjy public speaking.
But he’s nervus. “I’m here t tell yu tday why yu shuld … shuld…” Chris trips n the “-ld,” a prnunciatin difficulty fr many nn-native English speakers. His teacher, Thmas Whaley, is next t him, whispering supprt. “…Vte fr …me …” Except fr sme stumbles, Chris is ding amazingly well. When he brings his speech t a nice cnclusin, Whaley invites the rest f the class t praise him.
A sn f immigrants, Chris stared learning English a little ver three years ag. Whaley recalls （回想起）hw at the beginning f the year, when called upn t read, Chris wuld excuse himself t g t the bathrm.
Learning English as a secnd language can be a painful experience. What yu need is a great teacher wh lets yu make mistakes. “It takes a lt fr any student,” Whaley explains, “especially fr a student wh is learning English as their new language, t feel cnfident enugh t say, ‘I dn’t knw, but I want t knw. ’”
Whaley gt the idea f this secnd-grade presidential campaign prject when he asked the children ne day t raise their hands if they thught they culd never be a president. The answer brke his heart. Whaley says the prject is abut mre than just learning t read and speak in public. He wants these kids t learn t bast（夸耀）abut themselves.
“Basting abut yurself, and yur best qualities,” Whaley says, “is very difficult fr a child wh came int the classrm nt feeling cnfident.”
24. What made Chris nervus？
A. Telling a stry. B. Making a speech. C. Taking a test. D. Answering a questin.
25. What des the underlined wrd “stumbles” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Imprper pauses. B. Bad manners. C. Spelling mistakes. D. Silly jkes.
26. We can infer that the purpse f Whaley’s prject is t _________.
A. help students see their wn strengths B. assess students’ public speaking skills
C. prepare students fr their future jbs D. inspire students’ lve fr plitics
27. Which f the fllwing best describes Whaley as a teacher?
A. Humrus. B. Ambitius. C. Caring. D. Demanding.
【语篇概要】本文是记叙文。文章讲述Thmas Whaley为了帮助学生学英语以及树立信心，专门开展了一个演讲课程。
【答案解析】
24. B 细节理解题。根据第一段tday is speech day和本段最后一句with shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind f kid wh wuld enjy public speaking.以及第二段第一句But he’s nervus.可知，Chris眼睛黑亮，似乎是那种喜欢公共演讲的孩子，但是他却很紧张，故可知Chris是因为做演讲紧张，故选B。
25. A 词义猜测题。 根据第二段I’m here t tell yu tday why yu shuld…shuld…Chris trips n the “-ld”, a prnunciatin difficulty fr many nn-native English speakers.以及后文except fr sme stumbles, Chris is ding amazingly well.可知，Chris 发-ld这个音比较困难，这对于英语不是母语的学习者来说都是一个困难，总体来说Chris做得出奇得好。根据前文可知，-ld发音不准，因此有些结巴，停顿得不准，故选A。
26. A 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Whaley says the prject is abut mre than just learning t read and speak in public. He wants these kids t learn t bast abut themselves.以及最后一段 “Basting abut yurself, and yur best qualities,” Whaley says, “is very difficult fr a child wh came int the classrm nt feeling cnfident.”可知，这个课程不仅仅教孩子阅读以及公共演讲，还要让孩子学会夸耀自己，而夸耀自己对于那些进入教室没有信心的学生来说很困难，故可知，Whaley老师这么做是为了帮助学生认识自己的优势增加信心，故选A。
27. C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Whaley gt the idea f this secnd-grade presidential campaign prject when he asked the children ne day t raise their hands if they thught they culd never be a president.”和最后一句“He wants these kids t learn t bast abut themselves.”可知，当他有一天让认为他们自己当不了总统的学生举手的时候，他想到了一个主意，这个课程就是帮助学生树立自己的信心，故可以看出这位老师很关心学生的成长。humrus 幽默的；ambitius 有雄心壮志的；caring 关心的；demanding要求高的。故选C。
C
As data and identity theft becmes mre and mre cmmn, the market is grwing fr bimetric （生物测量）technlgies — like fingerprint scans — t keep thers ut f private e-spaces. At present, these technlgies are still expensive, thugh.
Researchers frm Gergia Tech say that they have cme up with a lw-cst device（装置） that gets arund this prblem: a smart keybard. This smart keybard precisely measures the cadence （节奏）with which ne types and the pressure fingers apply t each key. The keybard culd ffer a strng layer f security by analyzing things like the frce f a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique t each persn. Thus, the keybard can determine peple’s identities, and by extensin, whether they shuld be given access t the cmputer it’s cnnected t — regardless f whether smene gets the passwrd right.
It als desn’t require a new type f technlgy that peple aren’t already familiar with. Everybdy uses a keybard and everybdy types differently.
In a study describing the technlgy, the researchers had 100 vlunteers type the wrd “tuch” fur times using the smart keybard. Data cllected frm the device culd be used t recgnize different participants based n hw they typed, with very lw errr rates. The researchers say that the keybard shuld be pretty straightfrward t cmmercialize and is mstly made f inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hpes t make it t market in the near future.
28. Why d the researchers develp the smart keybard?
A. T reduce pressure n keys. B. T imprve accuracy in typing.
C. T replace the passwrd system. D. T cut the cst f e-space prtectin.
29. What makes the inventin f the smart keybard pssible?
A. Cmputers are much easier t perate.
B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develp fast.
C. Typing patterns vary frm persn t persn.
D. Data security measures are guaranteed.
30. What d the researchers expect f the smart keybard?
A. It’ll be envirnment-friendly. B. It’ll reach cnsumers sn.
C. It’ll be made f plastics. D. It’ll help speed up typing.
31. Where is this text mst likely frm?
A. A diary. B. A guidebk. C. A nvel. D. A magazine.
【语篇概要】本文是说明文。数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，目前，像指纹扫描等这些技术仍然是昂贵的。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘，它能给e-space用户带来安全，而且这项技术也不贵。
【答案解析】
28. D 细节理解题。根据第一段的At present, these technlgies are still expensive, thugh.和第二段的Researchers frm Gergia Tech say that they have cme up with a lw-cst device that gets arund this prblem: a smart key bard.可知，研究者们开发智能键盘是为了降低e-space保护的成本。故选D。
29. C 细节理解题。根据第二段的The keybard culd ffer a strng layer f security by analyzing things like the frce f a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique t each persn. Thus, the keybard can determine peple’s identities.可知，因为每个人的打字方式不同，使智能键盘能够识别人的身份。故选C。
30. B 细节理解题。根据最后一段的The team hpes t make it t market in the near future.可知，研究者们希望智能键盘能早日面世。故选B。
31. D 推理判断题。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘，它能给e-space用户带来安全，由此可知，本文是关于科技的，结合所给选项可知，本文可能来自于一本杂志。故选D。
D
During the rsy years f elementary schl（小学）, I enjyed sharing my dlls and jkes, which allwed me t keep my high scial status. I was the queen f the playgrund. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cl kids. They rse in the ranks nt by being friendly but by smking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jkes n thers, amng whm I sn fund myself.
Ppularity is a well-explred subject in scial psychlgy. Mitch Prinstein, a prfessr f clinical psychlgy srts the ppular int tw categries: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-thers qualities strengthen schlyard friendships, jump-start interpersnal skills and, when tapped early, are emplyed ever after in life and wrk. Then there’s the kind f ppularity that appears in adlescence: status brn f pwer and even dishnrable behavir.
Enviable as the cl kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies shw unpleasant cnsequences. Thse wh were highest in status in high schl, as well as thse least liked in elementary schl, are “mst likely t engage（从事）in dangerus and risky behavir. ”
In ne study, Dr. Prinstein examined the tw types f ppularity in 235 adlescents, scring the least liked, the mst liked and the highest in status based n student surveys（调查研究）. “We fund that the least well-liked teens had becme mre aggressive ver time tward their classmates. But s had thse wh were high in status. It clearly shwed that while likability can lead t healthy adjustment, high status has just the ppsite effect n us.”
Dr. Prinstein has als fund that the qualities that made the neighbrs want yu n a play
date — sharing, kindness, penness — carry ver t later years and make yu better able t relate and cnnect with thers.
In analyzing his and ther research, Dr. Prinstein came t anther cnclusin: Nt nly is likability related t psitive life utcmes, but it is als respnsible fr thse utcmes, t. “Being liked creates pprtunities fr learning and fr new kinds f life experiences that help smebdy gain an advantage,” he said.
32. What srt f girl was the authr in her early years f elementary schl?
A. Unkind. B. Lnely. C. Generus. D. Cl.
33. What is the secnd paragraph mainly abut?
A. The classificatin f the ppular. B. The characteristics f adlescents.
C. The imprtance f interpersnal skills. D. The causes f dishnrable behavir.
34. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find abut the mst liked kids?
A. They appeared t be aggressive. B. They tended t be mre adaptable.
C. They enjyed the highest status. D. They perfrmed well academically.
35. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Be Nice — Yu Wn’t Finish Last B. The Higher the Status, the Better
C. Be the Best — Yu Can Make It D. Mre Self-Cntrl, Less Aggressiveness
【语篇概要】本文是说明文。文章主要讲到研究表明，对别人好，讨人喜欢，会对人们生活的各个方面产生深远的有益影响。
【答案解析】
32. C 推理判断题。根据第一段During the rsy years f elementary schl, I enjyed sharing my dlls and jkes, which allwed me t keep my high scial status.可知，在美好的小学时光里，我喜欢分享我的洋娃娃和笑话，这让我保持了高高的社会地位。由此推断出，作者在小学早期时，是一个慷慨的女孩。unkind不友善的；lnely寂寞的；generus慷慨的；cl冷静的；酷的。故选C。
33. A 主旨大意题。第二段“Mitch Prinstein, a prfessr f clinical psychlgy srts the ppular int tw categries: the likable and the status seekers.”可知，临床心理学教授Mitch Prinstein将受欢迎的人分为两类：讨人喜欢的人和追求地位的人。该句是段落主题句，本段内容分别对the likable 和the status seekers 做了解释，所以本段主要介绍了受欢迎的人的分类，故选A。
34. B 推理判断题。根据第四段It clearly shwed that while likability can lead t healthy adjustment，由healthy adjustment推断出，心理学教授Mitch Prinstein的研究表明，被人喜欢的孩子适应性更强，故选B。
35. A 主旨大意题。通过阅读全文内容，尤其是最后一段，可知这篇文章主要讲了受欢迎，讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的有益影响。与选项A“对别人好——最终，你的收获无穷无尽”一致，故选A。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Is Fresh Air Really Gd fr Yu?
We all grew up hearing peple tell us t “g ut and get sme fresh air.” 36 Accrding t recent studies, the answer is a big YES，if the air quality in yur camping area is gd.
37 If the air yu’re breathing is clean-which it wuld be if yu’re away frm the smg f cities-then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing xygen. If yu exercise ut f drs，yur bdy will learn t breathe mre deeply, allwing even mre xygen t get t yur muscles（肌肉）and yur brain.
Recently，peple have begun studying the cnnectin between the natural wrld and healing（治愈）. 38 In these places patients can g t be near nature during their recvery. It turns ut that just lking at green，grwing things can reduce stress，lwer bld pressure，and put peple int a better md（情绪）.Greenery is gd fr us. Hspital patients wh see tree branches ut their windw are likely t recver at a faster rate than patients wh see buildings r sky instead. 39 It gives us a great feeling f peace.
40 While the sun’s rays can age and harm ur skin, they als give is beneficial Vitamin D. T make sure yu get enugh Vitamin D — but still prtect yur skin — put n sunscreen right as yu head utside. It takes sunscreen abut fifteen minutes t start wrking, and that's plenty f time fr yur skin t absrb a day's wrth f Vitamin D.
A. Fresh air cleans ur lungs.
B. S what are yu waiting fr?
C. Being in nature refreshes us.
D. Anther side benefit f getting fresh air is sunlight.
E. But is fresh air really as gd fr yu as yur mther always said?
F. Just as imprtantly, we tend t assciate air with health care.
G. All acrss the cuntry, recvery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 （共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Every year abut 40,000 peple attempt t climb Kilimanjar, the highest muntain in Africa. They 41 with them lts f waste. The 42 might damage the beauty f the place. The glaciers（冰川）are disappearing, changing the 43 f Kilimanjar.
Hearing these stries, I’m 44 abut the place — ther destinatins are described as “purer” natural experiences.
Hwever, I sn 45 that much has changed since the days f disturbing reprts f 46 amng tns f rubbish. I find a 47 muntain, with tilets at camps and alng the paths. The envirnmental challenges are 48 but the effrts made by the Tanzania Natinal Park Authrity seem t be 49 .
The best f a Kilimanjar 50 , in my pinin, isn’t reaching the tp. Muntains are 51 as spiritual places by many cultures. This 52 is especially evident n Kilimanjar as 53 g thrugh five ecsystems（生态系统）in the space f a few kilmeters. At the base is a rainfrest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, 54 lands f lw grwing plants. Further up, the weather 55 — lw cluds envelpe the muntainsides, which are cvered with thick grass. I 56 twelve shades f green frm where I stand. Abve 4, 000 meters is the highland 57 : gravel（砾石）, stnes and rcks. 58 yu climb int an arctic-like zne with 59 snw and the glaciers that may sn disappear.
Des Kilimanjar 60 its reputatin as a crwded muntain with lines f turists ruining the atmsphere f peace？I fund the ppsite t be true.
41. A. keepB. mixC. cnnect D. bring
42. A. stries B. buildings C. crwds D. reprters
43. A. psitinB. ageC. face D. name
44. A. silentB. skeptical C. serius D. crazy
45. A. discverB. argueC. decide D. advcate
46. A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stnes
47. A. remte B. quiet C. all D. clean
48. A. newB. special C. significant D. necessary
49. A. paying ff B. spreading ut C. blwing up D. fading away
50. A. atmsphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight
51. A. studied B. bserved C. explred D. regarded
52. A. viewB. quality C. reasnD. purpse
53. A. scientists B. climbers C. lcalsD. fficials
54. A. hlding n t B. ging back t C. living up t D. giving way t
55. A. changes B. clearsC. imprvesD. permits
56. A. match B. imagine C. cunt D. add
57. A. village B. desert C. radD. lake
58. A. Obviusly B. Easily C. Cnsequently D. Finally
59. A. permanent B. littleC. freshD. artificial
60. A. enjy B. deserve C. saveD. acquire
【语篇概要】本文是记叙文。每年有4万名登山者攀登非洲第一高峰乞力马扎罗山，他们带来了垃圾，破坏了这里的环境，再加上冰川的消失，改变着它的地貌。对此作者对这个地方变成了那个样子很是怀疑，想一探究竟。当他来到这里时，他发现当地环保措施很到位，同时作者发现乞力马扎罗山有多种生态系统。 作者认为乞力马扎罗山不应该被誉为一座挤满破坏了宁静氛围的游客的山峰。
【答案解析】
41. D 考查动词辨析。A. keep“保持”；B. mix“混合”；C. cnnect“联系”；D. bring“带来”。由lts f waste可知，登山者带来了很多的垃圾。故选D。
42. C 考查名词辨析。A. stries“故事”；B. buildings“建筑物”；C. crwds“人群”；D. reprters“记者”。句意：人群可能会破坏这个地方的美。由“40,000”可知，这是一个庞大的群体。故选C。
43. C 考查名词辨析。A. psitin“位置”；B. age“年龄”；C. face“外貌”；D. name“名字”。冰川是乞力马扎罗山地貌之一，所以冰川融化会改变它的地貌。故选C。
44. B 考查形容词辨析。A. silent “沉默的”；B. skeptical“怀疑的”；C. serius“严肃的”；D. crazy“疯狂的”。句意：听到这些故事，我对这个地方产生了怀疑——其他旅游地被描述为“更纯粹”的自然体验。由下文可知，作者亲自来到了乞力马扎罗山，作者想解开这个怀疑。故be skeptical abut“对……怀疑”符合句意。故选B。
45. A 考查动词辨析。A. discver“发现”；B. argue“争论”；C. decide“决定”；D. advcate“提倡”。句意：然而，我很快发现，自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来，情况发生了很大的变化。由much has changed可知，作者发现情况发生了很大的变化。故选A。
46. C 考查名词辨析。A. equipment“装备”；B. grass“草”；C. camps“营地”；D. stne“石头”。句意：我很快发现，自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来，情况发生了很大的变化。由下文at camps可知，本句属于原词再现。故选C。
47. D 考查形容词辨析。A. remte“遥远的”；B. quiet“安静的”；C. tall“高的”；D. clean“干净的”。句意：我发现了一座干净的山，营地里和路边都有厕所。由with tilets at camps and alng the paths可知，营地里和路边都有厕所。所以这是一座干净的山。故选D。
48. C 考查形容词辨析。A. new“新的”；B. special“特殊的”；C. significant“显著的”；D. necessary必要的”。句意：环境挑战是显著的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。根据前文可知，很多的登山者来到乞力马扎罗山以及冰川可能会消失。这对于环境来说是一个显著的挑战。故选C。
49. A 考查动词短语辨析。A. paying ff“使人得益；有报偿”；B. spreading ut“伸展”；C. blwing up“爆炸”；D. fading away“逐渐消退”。句意：环境挑战是显著的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。由but可知，前后表示转折关系，说明坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。故选A。
50. B 考查名词辨析。A. atmsphere“氛围”；B. experience“经历”；C. experiment“实验”；D. sight“视力”。句意：在我看来，登乞力马扎罗山最好的经历并不是到达顶峰。登山就是人生的一种经历。故选B。
51. D 考查动词辨析。A. studied“学习”；B. bserved“观察”；C. explred“探索”；D. regarded“认为”。句意：山被许多文化视为精神场所。由spiritual space,可知，山被许多文化视为精神场所。be regarded as“被视为……”符合句意。故选D。
52. A 考查名词辨析。A. view“景色”；B. quality“质量”；C. reasn“原因”；D. purpse“目的”。句意：在乞力马扎罗，当登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时，景色差异尤为明显。有五个生态系统，所以景色也是明显的不同。故选A。
53. B 考查名词辨析。A. scientists“科学家”；B. climbers “登山者”；C. lcals“当地人”； D. fficials“官员”。句意：在乞力马扎罗，当登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时，景色差异尤为明显。来到乞力马扎罗都是为了登山，也只有登山者能体验到五个生态系统。故选B。
54. D 考查动词短语辨析。A. hlding n t“抓住”；B. ging back t“回到（原来的话题）”；C. living up t“履行”；D. giving way t“向……让路”。句意：热带雨林在海拔3000米处突然到了尽头，让路于大片的低矮植物。这里指热带雨林在海拔3000米处突然到了尽头，所以海拔3000米以上就是大片的低矮植物。 giving way t“向……让路”符合句意。故选D。
55. A 考查动词辨析。A. changes“改变”；B. clears“放晴”；C. imprves“提高”； D. permits“允许”。句意：再往上走，天气变了——低云笼罩着被厚厚的草覆盖的山腰。由lw cluds可知，生态系统不同，天气也是不同的，是变化的。故选A。
56. C 考查动词辨析。A. match“匹配”；B. imagine“想象”；C. cunt“数”；D. add“增加”。句意：我从站的地方数出了十二种绿色。由twelve shades f green可知，作者数出了十二种绿色。故选C。
57. B 考查名词辨析。A. village“村庄”； B. desert “沙漠，荒地”；C. rad“马路”；D. lake“湖”。句意：海拔4000米以上是高原沙漠：砾石、石头和岩石。由grave, stnes and rcks可知，海拔4000米以上是高山沙漠。故选B。
58. D 考查副词辨析。A. Obviusly“明显地”；B. Easily“容易地”；C. Cnsequently“必然地”；D. Finally“最后地”。句意：海拔4000米以上是高原沙漠：砾石、石头和岩石。生态系统最顶端也是最后一个生态系统是冰川地区。故选D。
59. A 考查形容词辨析。A. permanent“永久的”；B. little“小的”；C. fresh“新鲜的”；D. artificial“人造的”。句意：很明显，你爬进了一个类似北极的地带，那里有着永久性的积雪和可能很快消失的冰川。由arctic-like zne可知，这是一个类似北极的地带，所以有永久性的积雪。故选A。
60. B 考查动词辨析。A. enjy“享受”；B. deserve“值得”；C. save“挽救”；D. acquire“获得”。句意：乞力马扎罗山是一座拥挤的山，挤满了成群的游客，破坏了宁静的气氛，它值得这样的名声吗？这里作者在质疑乞力马扎罗山是否值得这样的名声，解答前文的怀疑，最后得出自己的答案。故选B。
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The plar bear is fund in the Arctic Circle and sme big land masses as far suth as Newfundland. While they are rare nrth f 88°, there is evidence 61 they range all the way acrss the Arctic, and as far suth as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult t figure ut a glbal ppulatin f plar bears as much f the range has been 62 (pr) studied; hwever, bilgists calculate that there are abut 20,000-25,000 plar bears wrldwide.
Mdern methds 63 tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 64 (perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area. In recent years sme Inuit peple in Nunavut 65 (reprt) increases in bear sightings arund human settlements, leading t a 66 (believe) that ppulatins are increasing. Scientists have respnded by 67 (nte) that hungry bears may be cngregating (聚集) arund human settlements, leading t the illusin (错觉) that ppulatins are 68 (high) than they actually are. Of 69 nineteen recgnized plar bear subppulatins, three are declining, six 70 (be) stable, ne is increasing, and nine lack enugh data.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I became interesting in playing ftball thanks t a small accident. One afternn where I was in primary schl, I was walking by the schl playgrund. Suddenly ftball feel just in frnt f me but almst hit me. I stpped the ball and kicked it hardly back t the playgrund. T everyne`s surprising, the ball went int the net. All the ftball player n the playgrund cheered ludly, say that I had a talent fr ftball. Frm nw n, I started t play my ftball with classmates after schl. I am a gd player nw.
1. 第一句：interesting改为interested。考查形容词用法。interest“使感兴趣；使关注”的形容词有interesting“使人感兴趣的”常常修饰物体或者事情；与interested“表现出兴趣的”常修饰人。句意：多亏一个偶然的事件, 我对踢足球产生了兴趣。主语是I, 故将interesting改为interested。
2. 第二句：where改为when。考查定语从句。先行词ne afternn表示时间, 在定语从句中作状语, 所以关系词要用when。故将where改为when。
3. 第三句：ftball之前加a。考查冠词。名词ftball是可数名词, 前边需要有限定词。这里ftball第一次出现, 故在ftball前加a。
4. 第三句：but改为and。考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边, 而且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系, 不是转折关系。故将but改为and。
5. 第四句：hardly改为hard。考查副词。hard“努力地；费力地”与hardly“几乎不；几乎没有”都是副词, 但是词义不同。句意：我挡住足球, 并使劲地将它踢回操场。故将hardly改为hard。
6. 第五句：surprising改为surprise。考查固定搭配。“t ne’s + 名词”在句中表示结果, “t ne’s surprise”意思为“使某人惊讶的是……”。故将surprising改为surprise。
7. 第六句：player改为players。考查名词的数。player“运动员”是可数名词, 所以all“所有的”后需要用player的复数形式。故将player改为players。
8. 第六句：say改为saying。考查现在分词。句意：操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼, 说我有足球天赋。句中谓语动词是cheered, say在此作伴随状语, 与主语players是主谓关系, 故将say改为saying。
9. 第七句：nw改为then。考查固定搭配。句意：从那时开始, 我放学后跟同学一起踢足球。而 frm nw n“从现在开始”, 后面句子应该表示从现在开始所发生的动作或存在的情况, 不能用一般过去时。但是，此处后面是一般过去时, 表示“从那时起”是frm then n, 故将nw改为then。
10. 第七句：my删除。考查固定搭配。“踢足球”的英语表达是“play ftball”, 中间不能加冠词或者物主代词。故将my去掉。
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是李华，暑假在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要剧版中国画展。请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括：
1．写信目的：
2．个人优势：
3．能做的事情。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．结束语已为你写好。
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
英语试题参考答案
第一部分 听力
1. B2. A3. B4. C5. A
6. C7. B8. A9. C10. C
11. B12. A13. C14. A15. B
16. A17. C 18. B19. A20. C
第二部分 阅读理解
21. B22. D23. D24. B 25. A
26. A27. C28. D29. C30. B
31. D32. C33. A34. B35. A
36. E37. A38. G39. C40. D
第三部分 语言知识运用
41. D42. C43. C44. B45. A
46. C47. D48. C49. A50. B
51. D52. A53. B54. D55. A
56. C57. B58. D59. A60. B
61. that 62. prly 63. f/fr 64. t perfrm 65. have reprted
66. belief 67. nting68. higher 69. the 70. are
第四部分 写作
第一节
I became in playing ftball thanks t a small accident.
One afternn I was in primary schl, I was walking by the schl playgrund. Suddenly ftball fell just in frnt f me almst hit me.
I stpped the ball and kicked it back t the playgrund. T everyne’s , the ball went int the net. All the ftball n the playgrund cheered ludly, that I had a talent fr ftball. Frm n, I started t play ftball with classmates after schl. I am a gd player nw.
第二节（略）
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