还剩10页未读，
继续阅读
上海市交大附中2018-2019学年高三上学期摸底英语试题（原卷版）
展开
这是一份上海市交大附中2018-2019学年高三上学期摸底英语试题（原卷版），共13页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
II. Grammar and Vcabulary (20分)
Sectin A
(A)
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Space is a dangerus place, nt nly because f meters (流星) but als because f rays frm the sun and ther stars. The atmsphere again acts ___1___ ur prtective blanket n earth. Light gets thrugh, and this is essential fr plants ___2___(make) the fd which we eat. Heat, t, makes ur envirnment endurable. Varius kinds f rays cme thrugh the air frm uter space, but enrmus quantities f radiatin frm the sun ___3___ (screen) ff. As sn as men leave the atmsphere, they are expsed t this radiatin but their spacesuit r the walls f their spacecraft,___4___ they are inside, d prevent a lt f radiatin damage.
Radiatin is ___5___(great) knwn danger t explrers in space. The unit f radiatin is called "rem". Scientists have reasn t think that a man can put up with far mre than 0.1 rem withut ___6___(damage); the figure f 60 rems has been agreed n. The truble is ____7____ it is extremely difficult t be sure abut radiatin damage - a persn may feel perfectly well, but the cells f his r her sex rgans may be damaged, and this will nt be discvered ___8___ the birth f defrmed children r even grandchildren. Missins f the Apll flights have had t crss belts f high radiatin and, during the utward and return jurneys, the Apll crew accumulated (积累) a large amunt f rems. S far, n dangerus amunts f radiatin have been reprted, but the Apll missins have been quite shrt. We simply dn't knw yet ___9___ men are ging t get n when they spent weeks and mnths utside the prtectin f the atmsphere, wrking in a space labratry. Drugs might help t decrease the damage ___10___(d) by radiatin, but n really effective nes have been fund s far.
(B)
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Living Jewels
Befre I went t the British Ki Keepers Annual Shw, I didn’t understand ____11____ peple culd take fish s seriusly. Hwever, the mre I learned abut ki, the mre interested became. As ne expert tld me, "Cllecting ki is far mre addictive than yu might think. They’re as beautiful as butterflies and very calming t watch." Freddie Mercury, the lead singer f Queen, wuld have agreed the pl in his specially-built Japanese garden was hme t 89 ki,___12___ cst up t $10,000 each.
At the shw I met ki enthusiast Jean Kelly. “Ki are getting mre and mre expensive,” she tld me. “One recently sld fr $250,000.” I was shcked that's almst as much as I paid fr my huse. Well, that was a recrd,___13___(admit) Jean. The nrmal price is nwhere near as high as that.
Nevertheless, serius cllectrs can pay up t $15,000 fr a fully ___14___(grw) ki, which is nearly as expensive as a new luxurius car, and the bigger they are, the mre they cst. The cheapest I ___15___ find was $75 each, but they were nly abut twice as big as my gldfish.
Jean wasn’t impressed by ne f the ki n sale either. “Actually, these ki aren’t any nicer than ___16___,” she cmmented. “___17___ they are slightly bigger than the nes I’ve gt, I paid cnsiderable less than this.”
I wasn’t quite as enthusiastic as Jean, but I did cnsider___18___(buy) ne. Then I remembered that all but 5 f Freddie Mercury's ki died when smene accidentally turned ff the electricity supply t their pl. Jean assured me that with all the new equipment available the survival rate was getting better and better, and that lking ___19___ki was n harder than taking care f any ther pet. Hwever, in the end I decided t stick with my gldfish. They’re nt nearly as beautiful as ki ——but they’re a great deal cheaper ___20___(replace) !
Sectin B (10分)
Directins: Cmplete the passage with the wrds in the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
The Beatles sang that mney can't buy yu lve. But what abut happiness? Research ___21___ shws that the mre mney peple have, the mre likely they are t reprt being satisfied with their lives.
And that makes sense: mney buys yu things that make life easier and mre satisfying; the easier yur life, the happier yu tend t be. That relatinship isn't entirely linear, since there's a(n) ___22___ t hw much wealth can please yu; the happiness benefit f an increasing incme is especially pwerful amng peple wh dn't have much mney t start with, and ___23___ as wealth increases. But studies als reveal that as ___24___ incme levels have risen ver time — in the U.S. and Eurpean natins, fr example — residents f thse cuntries have nt reprted being any happier than peple were 30 r 40 years ag. It's a paradx that while incme and happiness may be ___25___ within a ppulatin at any given mment, verall ecnmic grwth des nt appear t crrespnd t a bst in natinal satisfactin ver time. (See a gallery f things mney can buy.)
T understand why, researchers at the University f Warwick and Cardiff University decided t break dwn hw individual peple evaluate their incme. What des wealth mean t peple? Previus wrk has suggested that peple tend t value their wn wealth mre — and are happier — when it cmpares ___26___ t everyne else's. The s-called reference-incme hypthesis hlds that it's nt simply hw much mney yu make that ___27___ t satisfactin, but hw much mre mney yu make than, say, the natinal average. The higher yur salary than the nrm, the happier yu tend t be. That culd explain in part why ppulatins as a whle d nt experience sunnier dispsitins with ecnmic grwth, since a majrity f individuals may nt fall abve the natinal incme average.
But the reference-incme hypthesis is rather ___28___. The researchers wndered whether there was a mre nuanced way t capture hw peple valued their incme. They ___29___ that peple tend t make specific cmparisns f persnal wealth, nt nly with the average incme f the larger ppulatin, but with the individual incmes f their neighbrs, clleagues at wrk r friends frm cllege. And the higher their rank, the greater their sense f happiness and self-wrth wuld ___30___ be. "Fr example, peple might care abut whether they are the secnd mst highly paid persn, r the eighth mst highly paid persn, in their cmparisn set," write the authrs, Chris Byce, a psychlgist at the University f Warwick, and Simn Mre, a psychlgist at Cardiff University.
III. Reading Cmprehensin (45 分）
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd f phrase that best fits the cntext.
The beauty, majesty, and timelessness f a primary rainfrest are indescribable. It is impssible t ___31___ n film, t describe in wrds, r t explain t thse wh have never had the awe-inspiring experience f standing in the heart f a primary rainfrest.
Rainfrests have ___32___ ver millins f years t turn int the incredibly cmplex envirnments they are tday. Rainfrests represent a stre f living and ___33___ renewable natural resurces that fr ens, by virtue f their richness in bth animal and plant species, have ___34___ a wealth f resurces fr the survival and well-being f humankind. These resurces have included basic fd supplies, clthing, shelter, fuel, spices, industrial raw materials, and medicine fr all thse wh have lived in the majesty f the frest. ___35___, the inner dynamics f a trpical rainfrest is an intricate and fragile system. Everything is s ___36___ that upsetting ne part can lead t unknwn damage r even destructin f the whle. Sadly, it has taken nly a century f human interventin t destry what nature designed t ___37___ frever.
The scale f human ___38___ n ecsystems everywhere has increased enrmusly in the last few decades. Since 1980 the glbal ecnmy has tripled in size and the wrld ppulatin has increased by 30 percent. Cnsumptin f everything n the planet has risen——at a cst t ur ___39___. In 2001, The Wrld Resurces Institute estimated that the demand fr rice, wheat, and crn is expected t grw by 40% by 2020, increasing irrigatin water demands by 50% r mre. They further reprted that the demand fr wd culd duble by the year 2050; ___40___, it is still the trpical frests f the wrld that supply the bulk f the wrld's demand fr wd.
In 1950, abut 15 percent f the Earth's land surface was cvered by rainfrest. Tday, mre than half has already gne up in ___41___. In fewer than fifty years, mre than half f the wrld's trpical rainfrests have fallen ___42___ t fire and the chain saw, and the rate f destructin is still accelerating. Unbelievably, mre than 200,000 acres f rainfrest are burned every day. That is mre than 150 acres lst every minute f every day, and 78 millin acres lst every year! Mre than 20 percent f the Amazn rainfrest is already gne, and much mre is severely threatened as the destructin cntinues. It is estimated that the Amazn alne is vanishing at a rate f 20,000 square miles a year. If nthing is dne t curb this ___43___, the entire Amazn culd well be gne within fifty years.
Massive ___44___ brings with it many ugly cnsequences-air and water pllutin, sil ersin, malaria epidemics, the release f carbn dixide int the atmsphere and the ___45___ f bidiversity thrugh extinctin f plants and animals. Fewer rainfrests mean less rain, less xygen fr us t breathe, and an increased threat frm glbal warming.
31. A. presentB. captureC. claimD. prve
32. A. changedB. evlvedC. expandedD. existed
33. A. energizingB. healingC. islatingD. breathing
34. A. cntributedB. stredC. reducedD. affected
35 A. HweverB. FurthermreC. TherefreD. Otherwise
36. A. activeB. sensitiveC. interdependentD. delicate
37. A. restreB. supprtC. reviveD. last
38. A. pressureB. pwerC. cncernD. strength
39. A. existenceB. ecsystemC. planetD. survival
40. A. unfrtunatelyB. cnsequentlyC. naturallyD. similarly
41. A. streB. fdC. smkeD. wealth
42. A. subjectB. dwnC. apartD. victim
43. A. trendB. practiceC. decreaseD. attitude
44. A. destructinB. industrializatinC. mdernizatinD. defrestatin
45. A. appearanceB. explsinC. lssD. increase
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
The definitin f the standard kilgram is fundamentally imperfect. Getting the definitin right is a challenge that has tried the patience and intelligence f scientists fr decades.
Scientists use just seven basic units t define all the ther quantities we use --- quantities such as speed density, r electric pwer. All f thse basic units except the kilgram are themselves defined in terms f natural prperties that are beynd human cntrl.
Fr example, the standard secnd (time) is defined as a specific number f vibratin f a type f radiatin released by atms f a special metal. The standard meter (length), in turn, is defined as the length f the path light travels in a vacuum during a specific fractin f a secnd.
Nt s the kilgram. This rphan f the basic unit family is simply the mass f a small platinum-iridium ally cylinder (铂-铱合金筒) lcked away by the internatinal Bureau f Weighs & Measures in France.
Embarrassingly, the last time the cpies were brught fr a checkup in the 1980s, fficials fund that sme cpies had gained abut 20 parts per billin in weight cmpared t the master cylinder since the previus checkup in the 1940s. This implies that the master cylinder itself may be an incnstant standard.
N ne knws what causes the weight changes. But the uncertainty can’t be tlerated when precisin(精密度) in research and sme manufacturing nw demands accuracy t a few parts per billin.
Several effrts in several different cuntries are under way t redefine the kilgram in terms f basic physical quantities such as cunting the actual number f atms f a specific substance in a kilgram r the electrmagnetic frce that balances a kilgram mass against gravity.
A prject f the latter type at the NIST labratries in Gaithersburg hpes eventually t define mass in terms f electrical units. S far, nne f these redefinitin prjects has brne fruit. They require precisin f measurement and cntrl f experimental cnditins. The slightest pllutin, tiny vibratins, r ther influences --- even changes in weather --- can ruin results. Yu’ve gt t hand it t scientists wh are willing t devte many years t such painstaking but fundamentally imprtant research.
46. Which f the fllwing best paraphrases the sentence “Nt s the kilgram.” in paragraph 4?
A. The kilgram is nt as accurate as the standard secnd.
B. The kilgram is nt universally accepted in the wrld.
C. The kilgram is nt defined in terms f natural prperties.
D. The kilgram is nt well defined as time and length.
47. Which f the fllwing can NOT be cncluded frm the passage?
A. Experiments are being carried ut t redefine the kilgram.
B. The uncertainty in the standard kilgram can seriusly affect sme research.
C. The redefinitin f the standard kilgram is quite cmplicated.
D. Scientists will achieve success in redefining the kilgram in the near future.
48. Accrding t the passage, t define the weight f mass in terms f electrical units _______.
A. is ne f the best methds t redefine the kilgram
B. has been accepted as the nly pssible redefinitin prject
C. is nt as simple as what peple can understand
D. has been cnsidered by sme scientists as a better apprach
49. We can knw frm the passage that the redefinitin f the kilgram is _________.
A. mre imprtant in keeping market hnesty
B. wrth years f scientists’ painstaking research
C. the urgent requirement f business and manufacturing.
D. bring abut imprtant and fruitful results
(B)
Stewart Island Ferry Services
While mst visitrs spend at least ne night n Stewart Island, it is als readily accessible by ferry as a day excursin frm Invercargill and Bluff.
Experience Fveaux Strait in cmfrt and style n bard ur express catamarans. During the ne-hur crssing between Bluff and Stewart Island keep a lkut fr wildlife, especially seabirds. Watching mllymawks (albatrss) saring behind the ferry is a fantastic sight.
Interesting landmarks cmmnly seen include Dg Island Lighthuse, Ruapuke Island, Titi Islands and Mt Anglem - Stewart Island’s highest pint.
Free tea and cffee n bard
Interpretatin handuts are available (English nly).
Wheelchair access available
Persnal baggage is carried free n the ferries - max. tw bags per persn (ne stwed and ne small carry-n). Additinal baggage is by prir arrangement.
Vehicle parking available at Bluff (extra cst - reservatins recmmended)
______50______n Return Ferry Services
Buy 2 r mre different excursins and SAVE 20% ff all lwer priced!
Kids G FREE n selected departures during NZ Schl Hlidays!
Kids G FREE fr travel 20 April - 5 May 2013.
50. If leaving a car at Bluff, a traveler had better _____.
A. refer t the handuts first
B. use wheelchair access
C. make a reservatin
D. park it 30 minutes befre departure time
51.Jhn, wh went t Stewart Island n Dec. 28th, gt t the ferry dck at 7:55am. When did he mst prbably leave Bluff?
A. At 8:00a.m..B. At 9:30a.m..C. At 11:00a.m..D. At 3:00p.m..
52. Which f the fllwing is false abut the ferry services?
A. Tea and cffee are free fr passengers.
B. Children g free fr travel fr abut 15 days.
C. Travelers are sure t see sme seabirds during the crssing.
D. Passengers have t pay extra cst fr extra pieces f luggage.
（C）
Like every dg, every disease nw seems t have its day. Wrld Tuberculsis (infectins disease in which grwths appear n the lungs) Day is n Saturday March 24th.
Tuberculsis was nce terribly fashinable. Dying f “cnsumptin” seems t have been a favrite activity f garret-dwelling 19th-century artists, has, hwever, been neglected f late. Researchers in the field never tire f pinting ut that TB kills a lt f peple. Accrding t figures released earlier this week by the Wrld Health Organizatin, 1.6 millin peple died f the disease in 2005, cmpared with abut 3m fr AIDS and 1m fr malaria. But it receives nly a fractin f the research budget devted t AIDS. America’s Natinal Institutes f Health, fr example, spends 20 times as much n AIDS as n TB. Nevertheless, everyne seems t getting in n the TB-day act this year.
The Glbal Fund an internatinal rganizatin respnsible fur fighting all three diseases but best knwn fr its wrk n AIDS, has used the ccasin t trumpet its tuberculsis prjects. The fund claims that its anti-TB activities since it pened fr business in 2002 have saved the lives f ver 1m peple. The Wrld Health Organizatin has issued a reprt that cntains sme gd news. Althugh the number f TB cases is still rising, the rate f illness seems t have stabilized; the caselad, in ther wrds, is grwing nly because the ppulatin itself is ging up.
Even drug cmpanies are invlved. In the run-up t the day itself, Eli Lilly annunced a $ 50m bst t its MDRTB Glbal Partnership. MDR stands fr multi-drug resistance, and it is ne f the reasns why TB is back in the limelight. Careless treatment has caused drug-resistant strains t evlve all ver the wrld. The curse f drugs needed t clear the disease cmpletely takes six muths, anti persuading peple t stay that curse nce their symptms have gne is hard. Unfrtunately, thse infected with MDR have t be treated with less effective, mre pisnus and mre cstly drugs. Naturally, these prvke still mre. nn-cmpliance and thus still mre evlutin.
The ther reasn TB is back is its relatinship t AIDS. The (glbal Fund’s jint respnsibility fr the diseases is n cincidence. AIDS des nt kill directly. Rather, HIV, the virus that causes it, weakens the bdy’s immune system and expses the sufferer t secndary infectins. Of these, TB is ne f the mst serius. It kills 200 000 AIDS patients a year. Hwever, sme anti-TB drugs interfere with the effect f sme anti-HIV drugs. Cnversely, in abut 20% f cases where a patient has bth diseases, anti-HIV drugs make the tuberculsis wrse. The upsht is that 125 years after human beings wrked ut what caused TB, it is still a serius threat.
53. The first sentence “Like every dg, every disease nw seems t have its day.” means _______.
A. every dg enjys gd luck r success sner r later
B. human beings can deal with prblems caused by disease
C. Tuberculsis becmes a serius infectin disease
D. peple attach imprtance t Tuberculsis recently
54. By referring t AIDS in Paragraph 2, the authr intends t shw _______.
A. the US gvernment is reluctant t spend millins f dllars n Tuberculsis
B. the death rate f AIDS is higher than that f Tuberculsis
C. the fficials didn’t pay much attentin t the research f Tuberculsis in the past
D. cmpared with AIDS, Tuberculsis can be cured effectively
55. Which f the fllwing is best defines the wrd “upsht” (Para 5)?
A. Outcme.B. Uphld.
C. Achievement.D. Prject.
56. Which f the fllwing prverbs is clsest in meaning t the message the passage tries t cnvey?
A. Frgive and frget.
B. Frgtten, but nt gne.
C. When the wund is healed, the pain is frgtten.
D. Every dg is brave at his wn dr.
Sectin C
Adlescents refer t bys and girls at high-schl level-mre specifically the secnd, third and frth years f high schls. In dealing with students at this level, we must bear in mind that t sme degree they are at the difficult stage, generally called adlescence.
Students at this level are likely t be cnfused mentally. They usually find it hard t cncentrate n what they intend t d and ften have rmantic dreams. ___57___ They lack frankness and are usually very easily affected by their wn emtins but hate t admit it. They are driven either by greater ambitin, prbably beynd their capability, r by extreme laziness caused by the fear f nt succeeding r achieving bjectives. ___58___ They are willing t wrk, but they hate t wrk withut btaining the result they think they shuld btain.
Regarding schl issues althugh they seldm say s, they really want t be cnsulted and given an pprtunity t direct their wn affairs, but they need a gd amunt f guidance. They seldm admit that they need this guidance and they frequently rebel against it. But if it its intelligently ffered they accept it with enthusiasm. As t persnal beliefs, mst f adlescents are trying t frm plitical ideals and they have a tendency t be smetimes extremely idealistic, and at ther times cnventinal, blindly accepting what their fathers and grandfathers believed in. ___59___ On the ne hand they are t mdest and n the ther hand unreasnably bastful. They tend t be influenced mre by a strng character than by great intelligence.
___60___ Having a better understanding f the characteristics and needs f yung peple at this age is a task that falls bth n educatrs and ther peple invlved. It may als help the yung g thrugh this difficult and critical stage f life in a mre cnstructive manner.
A. The critical abilities are beginning.
B. Their view n life usually falls n tw extremes.
C. Of all perids f life, this is what may best be called the“plastic age”.
D. They are basically timid r self-cnscius.
E. Despite that, it is als in this perids that strng ties between teachers and students develp.
F Fundamentally they want t be kept busy but they refuse t admit it.
IV. Summary Writing
61.Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
The Vice in the Bx
When I was quite yung, my family had ne f the first telephnes in ur neighbrhd. I remember well the plished the wden case fastened t the wall n the lwer stair landing. But my first persnal experience with this genie-in-the-receiver came ne day while my mther was visiting a neighbr. Amusing myself at the tl bench, I hurt my finger with a hammer. The pain was terrible, but there didn’t seem t be much use crying, because there was n ne hme t ffer sympathy. I walked arund the huse, and finally arriving at the stairway. The telephne! Quickly I ran fr the ftstl and dragged it t the landing. Climbing up, I unhked the receiver and held it t my ear. “Infrmatin Please,” I said int the muthpiece just abve my head.
A click r tw, and a small, clear vice spke int my ear, “Infrmatin.”
“I hurt my finger…” I cried int the phne. The tears came readily enugh, nw that I had an audience.
“Isn’t yur mther hme?” came the questin.
“Nbdy’s hme but me.” I sbbed.
“Are yu bleeding?”
“N,” I replied. “I hit my finger with the hammer and it hurts.”
“Can yu pen yur icebx?” she asked. I said I culd. “Then break ff a little piece f ice and hld it n yur finger. That will stp the hurt. Be careful when yu use the icepick(冰锥),” she said, “And dn’t cry. Yu’ll be all right.”
After that, I called Infrmatin Please fr everything. I asked her fr help with my gegraphy and she tld me where Philadelphia was, and the Orinc, the rmantic river that I was ging t explre when I grew up. She helped me with my arithmetic, and she tld me that my pet chipmunk----I had caught him in the park just the day befre----wuld eat fruit and nuts.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
V. Translatin
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
62. 正是那位作家对他说的一番话鼓励了他投身于写作。（It）
63. 这个国家经常陷入战乱，这就是它极度贫困的原因。（accunt）
64. 一个刚从大学毕业的没有实践经验的年轻人是很难找到一个高薪职位的。（difficulty）
65. 这位年轻人非常激动，他都不知道如何表达对这些援救人员给予他无私帮助的感激之情。（S）
FERRY TO STEWART ISLAND
Depart Bluff
All year 9:30am
Sep-May 5:00pm
Oct –Apr 11:00am
Jun –Aug 4:30pm
Late Dec –mid Jan8:00am
FERRY TO BLUFF
Depart Stewart Island
All year 8:00am
Sep –May 3:30pm
Oct –Mar 6:00pm
Apr 5:00pm
Jun-Aug 3:00pm
Late Dec –mid Jan 9:30am
Other departures as lcally advertised
Duratin 1hr
Check-in 30 minutes prir t the scheduled departure time. (Check-in and barding gates are clsed 10 minutes prir t times stated abve.)
II. Grammar and Vcabulary (20分)
Sectin A
(A)
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Space is a dangerus place, nt nly because f meters (流星) but als because f rays frm the sun and ther stars. The atmsphere again acts ___1___ ur prtective blanket n earth. Light gets thrugh, and this is essential fr plants ___2___(make) the fd which we eat. Heat, t, makes ur envirnment endurable. Varius kinds f rays cme thrugh the air frm uter space, but enrmus quantities f radiatin frm the sun ___3___ (screen) ff. As sn as men leave the atmsphere, they are expsed t this radiatin but their spacesuit r the walls f their spacecraft,___4___ they are inside, d prevent a lt f radiatin damage.
Radiatin is ___5___(great) knwn danger t explrers in space. The unit f radiatin is called "rem". Scientists have reasn t think that a man can put up with far mre than 0.1 rem withut ___6___(damage); the figure f 60 rems has been agreed n. The truble is ____7____ it is extremely difficult t be sure abut radiatin damage - a persn may feel perfectly well, but the cells f his r her sex rgans may be damaged, and this will nt be discvered ___8___ the birth f defrmed children r even grandchildren. Missins f the Apll flights have had t crss belts f high radiatin and, during the utward and return jurneys, the Apll crew accumulated (积累) a large amunt f rems. S far, n dangerus amunts f radiatin have been reprted, but the Apll missins have been quite shrt. We simply dn't knw yet ___9___ men are ging t get n when they spent weeks and mnths utside the prtectin f the atmsphere, wrking in a space labratry. Drugs might help t decrease the damage ___10___(d) by radiatin, but n really effective nes have been fund s far.
(B)
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Living Jewels
Befre I went t the British Ki Keepers Annual Shw, I didn’t understand ____11____ peple culd take fish s seriusly. Hwever, the mre I learned abut ki, the mre interested became. As ne expert tld me, "Cllecting ki is far mre addictive than yu might think. They’re as beautiful as butterflies and very calming t watch." Freddie Mercury, the lead singer f Queen, wuld have agreed the pl in his specially-built Japanese garden was hme t 89 ki,___12___ cst up t $10,000 each.
At the shw I met ki enthusiast Jean Kelly. “Ki are getting mre and mre expensive,” she tld me. “One recently sld fr $250,000.” I was shcked that's almst as much as I paid fr my huse. Well, that was a recrd,___13___(admit) Jean. The nrmal price is nwhere near as high as that.
Nevertheless, serius cllectrs can pay up t $15,000 fr a fully ___14___(grw) ki, which is nearly as expensive as a new luxurius car, and the bigger they are, the mre they cst. The cheapest I ___15___ find was $75 each, but they were nly abut twice as big as my gldfish.
Jean wasn’t impressed by ne f the ki n sale either. “Actually, these ki aren’t any nicer than ___16___,” she cmmented. “___17___ they are slightly bigger than the nes I’ve gt, I paid cnsiderable less than this.”
I wasn’t quite as enthusiastic as Jean, but I did cnsider___18___(buy) ne. Then I remembered that all but 5 f Freddie Mercury's ki died when smene accidentally turned ff the electricity supply t their pl. Jean assured me that with all the new equipment available the survival rate was getting better and better, and that lking ___19___ki was n harder than taking care f any ther pet. Hwever, in the end I decided t stick with my gldfish. They’re nt nearly as beautiful as ki ——but they’re a great deal cheaper ___20___(replace) !
Sectin B (10分)
Directins: Cmplete the passage with the wrds in the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
The Beatles sang that mney can't buy yu lve. But what abut happiness? Research ___21___ shws that the mre mney peple have, the mre likely they are t reprt being satisfied with their lives.
And that makes sense: mney buys yu things that make life easier and mre satisfying; the easier yur life, the happier yu tend t be. That relatinship isn't entirely linear, since there's a(n) ___22___ t hw much wealth can please yu; the happiness benefit f an increasing incme is especially pwerful amng peple wh dn't have much mney t start with, and ___23___ as wealth increases. But studies als reveal that as ___24___ incme levels have risen ver time — in the U.S. and Eurpean natins, fr example — residents f thse cuntries have nt reprted being any happier than peple were 30 r 40 years ag. It's a paradx that while incme and happiness may be ___25___ within a ppulatin at any given mment, verall ecnmic grwth des nt appear t crrespnd t a bst in natinal satisfactin ver time. (See a gallery f things mney can buy.)
T understand why, researchers at the University f Warwick and Cardiff University decided t break dwn hw individual peple evaluate their incme. What des wealth mean t peple? Previus wrk has suggested that peple tend t value their wn wealth mre — and are happier — when it cmpares ___26___ t everyne else's. The s-called reference-incme hypthesis hlds that it's nt simply hw much mney yu make that ___27___ t satisfactin, but hw much mre mney yu make than, say, the natinal average. The higher yur salary than the nrm, the happier yu tend t be. That culd explain in part why ppulatins as a whle d nt experience sunnier dispsitins with ecnmic grwth, since a majrity f individuals may nt fall abve the natinal incme average.
But the reference-incme hypthesis is rather ___28___. The researchers wndered whether there was a mre nuanced way t capture hw peple valued their incme. They ___29___ that peple tend t make specific cmparisns f persnal wealth, nt nly with the average incme f the larger ppulatin, but with the individual incmes f their neighbrs, clleagues at wrk r friends frm cllege. And the higher their rank, the greater their sense f happiness and self-wrth wuld ___30___ be. "Fr example, peple might care abut whether they are the secnd mst highly paid persn, r the eighth mst highly paid persn, in their cmparisn set," write the authrs, Chris Byce, a psychlgist at the University f Warwick, and Simn Mre, a psychlgist at Cardiff University.
III. Reading Cmprehensin (45 分）
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd f phrase that best fits the cntext.
The beauty, majesty, and timelessness f a primary rainfrest are indescribable. It is impssible t ___31___ n film, t describe in wrds, r t explain t thse wh have never had the awe-inspiring experience f standing in the heart f a primary rainfrest.
Rainfrests have ___32___ ver millins f years t turn int the incredibly cmplex envirnments they are tday. Rainfrests represent a stre f living and ___33___ renewable natural resurces that fr ens, by virtue f their richness in bth animal and plant species, have ___34___ a wealth f resurces fr the survival and well-being f humankind. These resurces have included basic fd supplies, clthing, shelter, fuel, spices, industrial raw materials, and medicine fr all thse wh have lived in the majesty f the frest. ___35___, the inner dynamics f a trpical rainfrest is an intricate and fragile system. Everything is s ___36___ that upsetting ne part can lead t unknwn damage r even destructin f the whle. Sadly, it has taken nly a century f human interventin t destry what nature designed t ___37___ frever.
The scale f human ___38___ n ecsystems everywhere has increased enrmusly in the last few decades. Since 1980 the glbal ecnmy has tripled in size and the wrld ppulatin has increased by 30 percent. Cnsumptin f everything n the planet has risen——at a cst t ur ___39___. In 2001, The Wrld Resurces Institute estimated that the demand fr rice, wheat, and crn is expected t grw by 40% by 2020, increasing irrigatin water demands by 50% r mre. They further reprted that the demand fr wd culd duble by the year 2050; ___40___, it is still the trpical frests f the wrld that supply the bulk f the wrld's demand fr wd.
In 1950, abut 15 percent f the Earth's land surface was cvered by rainfrest. Tday, mre than half has already gne up in ___41___. In fewer than fifty years, mre than half f the wrld's trpical rainfrests have fallen ___42___ t fire and the chain saw, and the rate f destructin is still accelerating. Unbelievably, mre than 200,000 acres f rainfrest are burned every day. That is mre than 150 acres lst every minute f every day, and 78 millin acres lst every year! Mre than 20 percent f the Amazn rainfrest is already gne, and much mre is severely threatened as the destructin cntinues. It is estimated that the Amazn alne is vanishing at a rate f 20,000 square miles a year. If nthing is dne t curb this ___43___, the entire Amazn culd well be gne within fifty years.
Massive ___44___ brings with it many ugly cnsequences-air and water pllutin, sil ersin, malaria epidemics, the release f carbn dixide int the atmsphere and the ___45___ f bidiversity thrugh extinctin f plants and animals. Fewer rainfrests mean less rain, less xygen fr us t breathe, and an increased threat frm glbal warming.
31. A. presentB. captureC. claimD. prve
32. A. changedB. evlvedC. expandedD. existed
33. A. energizingB. healingC. islatingD. breathing
34. A. cntributedB. stredC. reducedD. affected
35 A. HweverB. FurthermreC. TherefreD. Otherwise
36. A. activeB. sensitiveC. interdependentD. delicate
37. A. restreB. supprtC. reviveD. last
38. A. pressureB. pwerC. cncernD. strength
39. A. existenceB. ecsystemC. planetD. survival
40. A. unfrtunatelyB. cnsequentlyC. naturallyD. similarly
41. A. streB. fdC. smkeD. wealth
42. A. subjectB. dwnC. apartD. victim
43. A. trendB. practiceC. decreaseD. attitude
44. A. destructinB. industrializatinC. mdernizatinD. defrestatin
45. A. appearanceB. explsinC. lssD. increase
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
The definitin f the standard kilgram is fundamentally imperfect. Getting the definitin right is a challenge that has tried the patience and intelligence f scientists fr decades.
Scientists use just seven basic units t define all the ther quantities we use --- quantities such as speed density, r electric pwer. All f thse basic units except the kilgram are themselves defined in terms f natural prperties that are beynd human cntrl.
Fr example, the standard secnd (time) is defined as a specific number f vibratin f a type f radiatin released by atms f a special metal. The standard meter (length), in turn, is defined as the length f the path light travels in a vacuum during a specific fractin f a secnd.
Nt s the kilgram. This rphan f the basic unit family is simply the mass f a small platinum-iridium ally cylinder (铂-铱合金筒) lcked away by the internatinal Bureau f Weighs & Measures in France.
Embarrassingly, the last time the cpies were brught fr a checkup in the 1980s, fficials fund that sme cpies had gained abut 20 parts per billin in weight cmpared t the master cylinder since the previus checkup in the 1940s. This implies that the master cylinder itself may be an incnstant standard.
N ne knws what causes the weight changes. But the uncertainty can’t be tlerated when precisin(精密度) in research and sme manufacturing nw demands accuracy t a few parts per billin.
Several effrts in several different cuntries are under way t redefine the kilgram in terms f basic physical quantities such as cunting the actual number f atms f a specific substance in a kilgram r the electrmagnetic frce that balances a kilgram mass against gravity.
A prject f the latter type at the NIST labratries in Gaithersburg hpes eventually t define mass in terms f electrical units. S far, nne f these redefinitin prjects has brne fruit. They require precisin f measurement and cntrl f experimental cnditins. The slightest pllutin, tiny vibratins, r ther influences --- even changes in weather --- can ruin results. Yu’ve gt t hand it t scientists wh are willing t devte many years t such painstaking but fundamentally imprtant research.
46. Which f the fllwing best paraphrases the sentence “Nt s the kilgram.” in paragraph 4?
A. The kilgram is nt as accurate as the standard secnd.
B. The kilgram is nt universally accepted in the wrld.
C. The kilgram is nt defined in terms f natural prperties.
D. The kilgram is nt well defined as time and length.
47. Which f the fllwing can NOT be cncluded frm the passage?
A. Experiments are being carried ut t redefine the kilgram.
B. The uncertainty in the standard kilgram can seriusly affect sme research.
C. The redefinitin f the standard kilgram is quite cmplicated.
D. Scientists will achieve success in redefining the kilgram in the near future.
48. Accrding t the passage, t define the weight f mass in terms f electrical units _______.
A. is ne f the best methds t redefine the kilgram
B. has been accepted as the nly pssible redefinitin prject
C. is nt as simple as what peple can understand
D. has been cnsidered by sme scientists as a better apprach
49. We can knw frm the passage that the redefinitin f the kilgram is _________.
A. mre imprtant in keeping market hnesty
B. wrth years f scientists’ painstaking research
C. the urgent requirement f business and manufacturing.
D. bring abut imprtant and fruitful results
(B)
Stewart Island Ferry Services
While mst visitrs spend at least ne night n Stewart Island, it is als readily accessible by ferry as a day excursin frm Invercargill and Bluff.
Experience Fveaux Strait in cmfrt and style n bard ur express catamarans. During the ne-hur crssing between Bluff and Stewart Island keep a lkut fr wildlife, especially seabirds. Watching mllymawks (albatrss) saring behind the ferry is a fantastic sight.
Interesting landmarks cmmnly seen include Dg Island Lighthuse, Ruapuke Island, Titi Islands and Mt Anglem - Stewart Island’s highest pint.
Free tea and cffee n bard
Interpretatin handuts are available (English nly).
Wheelchair access available
Persnal baggage is carried free n the ferries - max. tw bags per persn (ne stwed and ne small carry-n). Additinal baggage is by prir arrangement.
Vehicle parking available at Bluff (extra cst - reservatins recmmended)
______50______n Return Ferry Services
Buy 2 r mre different excursins and SAVE 20% ff all lwer priced!
Kids G FREE n selected departures during NZ Schl Hlidays!
Kids G FREE fr travel 20 April - 5 May 2013.
50. If leaving a car at Bluff, a traveler had better _____.
A. refer t the handuts first
B. use wheelchair access
C. make a reservatin
D. park it 30 minutes befre departure time
51.Jhn, wh went t Stewart Island n Dec. 28th, gt t the ferry dck at 7:55am. When did he mst prbably leave Bluff?
A. At 8:00a.m..B. At 9:30a.m..C. At 11:00a.m..D. At 3:00p.m..
52. Which f the fllwing is false abut the ferry services?
A. Tea and cffee are free fr passengers.
B. Children g free fr travel fr abut 15 days.
C. Travelers are sure t see sme seabirds during the crssing.
D. Passengers have t pay extra cst fr extra pieces f luggage.
（C）
Like every dg, every disease nw seems t have its day. Wrld Tuberculsis (infectins disease in which grwths appear n the lungs) Day is n Saturday March 24th.
Tuberculsis was nce terribly fashinable. Dying f “cnsumptin” seems t have been a favrite activity f garret-dwelling 19th-century artists, has, hwever, been neglected f late. Researchers in the field never tire f pinting ut that TB kills a lt f peple. Accrding t figures released earlier this week by the Wrld Health Organizatin, 1.6 millin peple died f the disease in 2005, cmpared with abut 3m fr AIDS and 1m fr malaria. But it receives nly a fractin f the research budget devted t AIDS. America’s Natinal Institutes f Health, fr example, spends 20 times as much n AIDS as n TB. Nevertheless, everyne seems t getting in n the TB-day act this year.
The Glbal Fund an internatinal rganizatin respnsible fur fighting all three diseases but best knwn fr its wrk n AIDS, has used the ccasin t trumpet its tuberculsis prjects. The fund claims that its anti-TB activities since it pened fr business in 2002 have saved the lives f ver 1m peple. The Wrld Health Organizatin has issued a reprt that cntains sme gd news. Althugh the number f TB cases is still rising, the rate f illness seems t have stabilized; the caselad, in ther wrds, is grwing nly because the ppulatin itself is ging up.
Even drug cmpanies are invlved. In the run-up t the day itself, Eli Lilly annunced a $ 50m bst t its MDRTB Glbal Partnership. MDR stands fr multi-drug resistance, and it is ne f the reasns why TB is back in the limelight. Careless treatment has caused drug-resistant strains t evlve all ver the wrld. The curse f drugs needed t clear the disease cmpletely takes six muths, anti persuading peple t stay that curse nce their symptms have gne is hard. Unfrtunately, thse infected with MDR have t be treated with less effective, mre pisnus and mre cstly drugs. Naturally, these prvke still mre. nn-cmpliance and thus still mre evlutin.
The ther reasn TB is back is its relatinship t AIDS. The (glbal Fund’s jint respnsibility fr the diseases is n cincidence. AIDS des nt kill directly. Rather, HIV, the virus that causes it, weakens the bdy’s immune system and expses the sufferer t secndary infectins. Of these, TB is ne f the mst serius. It kills 200 000 AIDS patients a year. Hwever, sme anti-TB drugs interfere with the effect f sme anti-HIV drugs. Cnversely, in abut 20% f cases where a patient has bth diseases, anti-HIV drugs make the tuberculsis wrse. The upsht is that 125 years after human beings wrked ut what caused TB, it is still a serius threat.
53. The first sentence “Like every dg, every disease nw seems t have its day.” means _______.
A. every dg enjys gd luck r success sner r later
B. human beings can deal with prblems caused by disease
C. Tuberculsis becmes a serius infectin disease
D. peple attach imprtance t Tuberculsis recently
54. By referring t AIDS in Paragraph 2, the authr intends t shw _______.
A. the US gvernment is reluctant t spend millins f dllars n Tuberculsis
B. the death rate f AIDS is higher than that f Tuberculsis
C. the fficials didn’t pay much attentin t the research f Tuberculsis in the past
D. cmpared with AIDS, Tuberculsis can be cured effectively
55. Which f the fllwing is best defines the wrd “upsht” (Para 5)?
A. Outcme.B. Uphld.
C. Achievement.D. Prject.
56. Which f the fllwing prverbs is clsest in meaning t the message the passage tries t cnvey?
A. Frgive and frget.
B. Frgtten, but nt gne.
C. When the wund is healed, the pain is frgtten.
D. Every dg is brave at his wn dr.
Sectin C
Adlescents refer t bys and girls at high-schl level-mre specifically the secnd, third and frth years f high schls. In dealing with students at this level, we must bear in mind that t sme degree they are at the difficult stage, generally called adlescence.
Students at this level are likely t be cnfused mentally. They usually find it hard t cncentrate n what they intend t d and ften have rmantic dreams. ___57___ They lack frankness and are usually very easily affected by their wn emtins but hate t admit it. They are driven either by greater ambitin, prbably beynd their capability, r by extreme laziness caused by the fear f nt succeeding r achieving bjectives. ___58___ They are willing t wrk, but they hate t wrk withut btaining the result they think they shuld btain.
Regarding schl issues althugh they seldm say s, they really want t be cnsulted and given an pprtunity t direct their wn affairs, but they need a gd amunt f guidance. They seldm admit that they need this guidance and they frequently rebel against it. But if it its intelligently ffered they accept it with enthusiasm. As t persnal beliefs, mst f adlescents are trying t frm plitical ideals and they have a tendency t be smetimes extremely idealistic, and at ther times cnventinal, blindly accepting what their fathers and grandfathers believed in. ___59___ On the ne hand they are t mdest and n the ther hand unreasnably bastful. They tend t be influenced mre by a strng character than by great intelligence.
___60___ Having a better understanding f the characteristics and needs f yung peple at this age is a task that falls bth n educatrs and ther peple invlved. It may als help the yung g thrugh this difficult and critical stage f life in a mre cnstructive manner.
A. The critical abilities are beginning.
B. Their view n life usually falls n tw extremes.
C. Of all perids f life, this is what may best be called the“plastic age”.
D. They are basically timid r self-cnscius.
E. Despite that, it is als in this perids that strng ties between teachers and students develp.
F Fundamentally they want t be kept busy but they refuse t admit it.
IV. Summary Writing
61.Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
The Vice in the Bx
When I was quite yung, my family had ne f the first telephnes in ur neighbrhd. I remember well the plished the wden case fastened t the wall n the lwer stair landing. But my first persnal experience with this genie-in-the-receiver came ne day while my mther was visiting a neighbr. Amusing myself at the tl bench, I hurt my finger with a hammer. The pain was terrible, but there didn’t seem t be much use crying, because there was n ne hme t ffer sympathy. I walked arund the huse, and finally arriving at the stairway. The telephne! Quickly I ran fr the ftstl and dragged it t the landing. Climbing up, I unhked the receiver and held it t my ear. “Infrmatin Please,” I said int the muthpiece just abve my head.
A click r tw, and a small, clear vice spke int my ear, “Infrmatin.”
“I hurt my finger…” I cried int the phne. The tears came readily enugh, nw that I had an audience.
“Isn’t yur mther hme?” came the questin.
“Nbdy’s hme but me.” I sbbed.
“Are yu bleeding?”
“N,” I replied. “I hit my finger with the hammer and it hurts.”
“Can yu pen yur icebx?” she asked. I said I culd. “Then break ff a little piece f ice and hld it n yur finger. That will stp the hurt. Be careful when yu use the icepick(冰锥),” she said, “And dn’t cry. Yu’ll be all right.”
After that, I called Infrmatin Please fr everything. I asked her fr help with my gegraphy and she tld me where Philadelphia was, and the Orinc, the rmantic river that I was ging t explre when I grew up. She helped me with my arithmetic, and she tld me that my pet chipmunk----I had caught him in the park just the day befre----wuld eat fruit and nuts.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
V. Translatin
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
62. 正是那位作家对他说的一番话鼓励了他投身于写作。（It）
63. 这个国家经常陷入战乱，这就是它极度贫困的原因。（accunt）
64. 一个刚从大学毕业的没有实践经验的年轻人是很难找到一个高薪职位的。（difficulty）
65. 这位年轻人非常激动，他都不知道如何表达对这些援救人员给予他无私帮助的感激之情。（S）
FERRY TO STEWART ISLAND
Depart Bluff
All year 9:30am
Sep-May 5:00pm
Oct –Apr 11:00am
Jun –Aug 4:30pm
Late Dec –mid Jan8:00am
FERRY TO BLUFF
Depart Stewart Island
All year 8:00am
Sep –May 3:30pm
Oct –Mar 6:00pm
Apr 5:00pm
Jun-Aug 3:00pm
Late Dec –mid Jan 9:30am
Other departures as lcally advertised
Duratin 1hr
Check-in 30 minutes prir t the scheduled departure time. (Check-in and barding gates are clsed 10 minutes prir t times stated abve.)
相关试卷
上海市交大附中2021-2022学年高三上学期摸底英语试题： 这是一份上海市交大附中2021-2022学年高三上学期摸底英语试题，文件包含上海市交大附中2021-2022学年高三上学期摸底英语试题解析版1docx、上海市交大附中2020-2021学年高三上学期摸底英语试题原卷版1docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共39页， 欢迎下载使用。
上海市交大附中2018-2019学年高三上学期摸底英语试题（解析版）： 这是一份上海市交大附中2018-2019学年高三上学期摸底英语试题（解析版），共26页。试卷主要包含了 as 2， are screened， if 5， being damaged， that 8， hw 10， which 13， buying 19等内容，欢迎下载使用。
新高二-（交大附中）2021年重点高中摸底考英语仿真模拟卷（上海专用）（二）（原卷版）： 这是一份新高二-（交大附中）2021年重点高中摸底考英语仿真模拟卷（上海专用）（二）（原卷版），共13页。
