2022年中考英语阅读理解专项训练（一）（有答案）

这是一份2022年中考英语阅读理解专项训练（一）（有答案），共12页。
中考英语阅读理解专项训练（一） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出最佳选项。AThanks to better health care, most people are living healthier and longer lives. Someone who is born today can expect to live about thirty-five years longer than someone who was born in the nineteenth century. It is even thought that in the future more and more people will celebrate their hundredth birthdays. Here are some rules for a healthy life.Get off the sofa!Sure, it is comfortable to sit on the sofa and watch TV. But doctors say you should get off the sofa. To keep fit, you have to walk at least 10,000 steps every day. In the past, people’s jobs required more physical effort. They often had to walk for miles every day. When farmers were working in the fields, they were keeping fit at the same time. Think about it: Do you get the same amount of exercise today as they did in the past?Eat healthy food!It is important to eat food that is fresh and natural, for example fruit and vegetables. Fast food is not healthy. You should only have it once in a while. Eating too much of the wrong food will harm your health.Rest while you can!When we were babies, we slept for much of the night. Teenagers do not need as much sleep as babies, but it is important for you to get about eight hours’ sleep a night. At weekends, you have got more time, so use it not just for your friends, but for rest too.Do not worry. Be happy!Many people believe that happiness is important for our general health. Sometimes it is not easy to be a teenager because of the difficulties of school, exams or friendships. If you are worried about something, talk to your parents or your teachers.1．In the passage, “Get off the sofa!” means ________.A．we should take some exercise B．we shouldn’t watch TV on the sofaC．we should get off the sofa to keep fit D．we shouldn’t stay at home for a long time2．The underlined word “it” in the passage refers to(指代) ________.A．healthy food      B．fast food     C．natural food      D．fresh food3．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A．The best rest is to spend more time with friends.B．It is necessary for teenagers to get enough sleep.C．Teenagers also need as much sleep as babies at night.D．Sleeping for much of the night will do harm to your health.4．The passage is mainly about ________.A．how to be a happy teenager  B．the importance of a healthy lifeC．the ways of leading a healthy life  D．teenagers’ common healthy problems BA lot of animals travel from one place to another. We call this migration. In Africa, large animals, like elephants and zebras, migrate to find food and water. They usually follow the same ways every year. A lot of birds migrate to find food and better weather, too. They are usually birds that eat insects. They spend the summer in northern Europe, because there are lots of insects there. In the winter there aren’t any insects, so the birds fly south to southern Europe and Africa. Some insects migrate, too. In North America, millions of monarch butterflies fly south to spend the winter in Mexico, California and Florida, where it’s warmer. They travel 50-65 km each day and they travel about 1,125 km. Some fish migrate to breed(繁殖). Salmon(鲑鱼) can swim over 20,000 km in their life. They are born in rivers in Ireland, Scotland and other places in northern Europe. The young fish swim down the river to the sea and into the Atlantic Ocean. They live in the ocean until they are adults. Then they return to the river where they were born. They lay their eggs in the river and then they usually die. Salmon do this, because their eggs are safer in the river. Other fish can’t eat them. Arctic terns(北极燕鸥) travel the furthest when they migrate. They spend the summer in the Arctic, but when winter comes they fly to the Antarctic, because it’s summer there. The next year they fly back to the Arctic again. In one year these small birds travel 36,000 km from one end of the earth to the other and back again. Nobody knows how they do it. 5. According to the passage, monarch butterflies in North America migrate to___________.A. find insects     B. look for water  C. find better weather D. produce young6. Adult salmon swim back to the river because __________.A. they won’t be eaten by other big fishB. they want to lay eggs in a safer place C. they are getting ready to die thereD. they want to go where they grew up7. Which of the following is TRUE about animals' migration?A. Elephants in Africa usually travel the same way each year. B. Most birds fly to southern Europe and Africa in summer. C. Some insects travel 1,125 km each day. D. Salmon swim 20, 000 km each year. 8. The example of Arctic terns in the last paragraph is used mainly to show _________.A. the distance of migration    B. the purpose of migrationC. the direction of migration    D. the time of migration CLiving on an island might sound wonderful. But what if you left for a trip and found you could never return? What if your home, and even the land it stood on, was gone forever? For people living in the Pacific Islands, this is really possible.Why? Climate(气候) change. Climate change is causing the sea to rise. That’s bad news for the Pacific Islands. Yong people on the islands are even starting to wonder: Will they be the last generation(一代人)?Not if the islanders have anything to do about it. These people are deeply connected to their homelands. The Pacific Islands are made of 11 different countries: the Marshall Islands, Fiji, Samoa, and others. But now, those countries are working together. They’re joining forces to fight climate change.Why is climate change such a huge threat to this part of the world? Islands have low elevations(海拔). So they are among the first places influenced by rising sea levels. That’s why countries of the Pacific Islands are working together to do their part.But these are small countries. When it comes to climate change, can they make a big difference? They can, because most of the things that people on islands buy are brought by ships. This is very harmful to the environment. After all, ships put out almost 3 percent of the world’s carbon emissions(碳排放). That makes climate change worse.Pacific Islanders realize the problem. So, in 2019, six countries got together: Fiji, the Marshall Islands, Samoa, Vanuatu, the Solomon Islands and Tuvalu. They came up with a plan. They agreed to cut carbon emissions from shipping by 40 percent by 2030. And by 2050, they expect zero-carbon shipping.How will they pull this off? They plan to use some really cool carbon-free technologies. They’ll make use of solar and wind energy.Sea levels are rising, but hopes aren’t sinking in the Pacific Islands.9. What is the bad news for the Pacific Islands according to the passage?A. Some Pacific Island countries have disappeared.   B. The sea level is going up because of climate change.     C. All the shipping to the Pacific Islands has been stopped.   D. The Pacific Islanders have nothing to do about the climate change.10. The underlined word “threat” in Paragraph 4 probably means “______”.A. risk  B. step C. project D. development11. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.A. there will never be zero carbon emissions from shipping       B. solar and wind energy will make climate change worse       C. all the Pacific Islanders may leave their homelands by 2050D. some Pacific Island countries may have hopes to make a difference12. The passage mainly talks about________ .A. why other countries are helping the Pacific Islanders fight climate change B. how some countries are working hard to develop carbon-free technologiesC. how Pacific Island countries are working together to fight shipping pollution  D. why Pacific Island countries put out so much of the world’s carbon emissions DRecently, my husband and I had the chance to do something good for two people who were complete strangers to us. It made us feel so good to be able to do it that I thought I should share.We were traveling to Thailand on New Year’s Day with our family. Since I traveled a lot for work, we had had enough flying miles to become the VIP(very important person) of the flight to enjoy first class(头等舱) seats.As we were sitting in the very first two seats in the first row of first class waiting for the plane to take off, I heard one of the flight attendants(航班服务员) telling the others that there was a young couple sitting in the back of the plane that had just been married several days before and were going on their honeymoon(蜜月). They had ordered their flight eight months before but, for some reason, had not been able to get seats together. No one else on the plane wanted to move and the bride(新娘) was in tears.I turned to my husband and told him what I heard. We agreed without thinking twice and I called the flight attendant over to tell her that we would be happy to give up our seats for this young couple. The flight attendant seemed shocked and amazed and said, “Really? Are you sure?” We said, “Sure!”So, we moved to the back of the plane. I was in a middle seat in the back part and my husband, who is 63, in the window seat of the last row of the plane.The flight attendants were very thankful for what we had done and cared for us carefully even though we were no longer sitting in first class, and we both made friends with the people sitting around us and had a great flight. I had to go back to the front of the plane to get a forgotten object back during the flight and noticed that the young couple were sitting very close together, happily sipping champagne(品尝香槟).It really made my New Year to get on to such a wonderful start!13．When did the writer travel to Thailand?A．On the first day of April. B．On the first day of January.C．On the first day of March. D．On the first day of February.14．Why could the writer get the first class seats?A．Because she was old. B．Because she was sick.C．Because she often traveled. D．Because she had much money.14．Where did the writer sit at last?A．In the first row.                     B．In a middle seat.   C．In the last row.                     D．In the window seat.16．What's the passage mainly about?A．A young couple gave their seats to the old. B．The flight attendants helped the old couple.C．All the passengers helped the young couple. D．An old couple offered their seats to the strangers. EDad is an arborist—that's like a tree doctor. He and Mom love trees. That's why they named me Sylvia. It means “tree girl” or something like that.Dad started me climbing trees four years ago. He always tells me to untie the carabiner(攀爬锁扣) from the end of my rope when I swing from one tree to another. “That way it can't get stuck on a branch(树枝),” he says. “But，Dad, it's faster to leave it on,” I tell him. And I'm pretty good with the ropes now. Mom worries a little, but Dad says it's as safe as walking if you follow the rules.Today I was doing what I love best—climbing up one tree(a sugar maple), swinging over to another(a red oak) that's close by, then coming down that second tree. It's like flying, or dancing with the trees. But right now I don't feel great; in fact, I feel pretty stupid.__▲__ First, I used an ascender(上升器) to go up. I put my rope over a branch and around the tree, and clipped it to my harness(背带). Next, I let out line till I was about halfway down the tree. Then I kicked off the tree and swung way out and grabbed the next tree. The swinging part was a little scary at first, but lots of fun. Then I unclipped(解开) the rope from my harness so I could pull it out of the maple and put it in the oak. That's when I should have untied the carabiner. But I didn’t. It got caught on a branch, and I'm stuck. I wonder what to do.Klee­eer! I hear the call and look up. A beautiful hawk(鹰) glides overhead. I sure wish I could fly right now. Klee­eer! It calls again. Maybe the hawk is wondering what I'm doing up here. It loops around and glides back over my head.Wait a minute—a loop! That's it! Suddenly I know what to do.Thank you, hawk!17.The writer was stuck because ______.A．she went out only by herself      B．she didn't follow Dad's rulesC．she carelessly broke the carabiner  D．she wanted to learn from the hawk18. Which of the following is the best to fill in “__▲__” in the passage?A．Here's how I ended the mess.     B．Here's how I got into this mess.C．Here's how I dealt with my fear.   D．Here's how I saved the situation.19. The underlined word “glides” in Paragraph 5 probably means “______”．A．runs quickly           B．stops suddenlyC．walks slowly           D．moves smoothly20. What will most probably happen to the writer in the end?A．She caught the hawk.            B．She asked Dad for help.C．She got to the land safely.       D．She was punished by Dad. FIf you go shopping in any toy store, you can see clearly the different games and toys for boys and girls: there are a lot of pink toys on one side of the store for girls; and dark-colored cars, guns, and soldiers for boys. Some big stores with toys may even have a pink floor for girls and a blue floor for boys. In fact, it is difficult to buy a toy for a girl that is not pink.Some people think that too much pink is bad for girls. Sue Palmer, writer of Toxic Childhood, is very worried that most girls over the age of three are crazy about the color. According to some scientists, this happens for two reasons. Firstly, most companies offer too many products in pink. Also, many parents think their little daughter looks cute in pink. Sue Palmer says that girls at this age cannot make proper decisions by themselves, but the pink can affect (影响) the choices and the decisions they will make in the future.Some parents are worried too, for example, Vanessa Holburn, thirty-two, who has two girls under the age of four. Their bedrooms are a sea of pink and Vanessa is not happy. “Pink says that you are soft and gentle. Blue says that you are strong and powerful. I want my daughters to be strong and powerful. I’m worried that pink will not help them with that,” she says.But not everyone thinks there’s something wrong with pink. Grayson Turner is a father of three girls and he isn’t worried at all. “People forget that things change all the time,” he says. “My girls used to love pink when they were little, but as they get older, they change.” Turner explains that his twelve-year-old daughter never wears pink clothes anymore. “This love of pink is just a fashion and all fashions change,” he adds. “It’s only since the 1940s that people have stated dressing girls in pink—before that it was a color for boys.”21. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?:    22. The underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 means _____.A. being soft and gentle        B. being strong and powerfulC. being gentle but powerful       D. being cute and beautiful23. According to Grayson Turner, _____.A. parents needn’t worry about pink toys    B. all little kids love the color pinkC. pink has always been a color for girls    D. his girls now prefer the color blue24. The purpose of this passage is to _____.A. explain why girls are crazy about the color pink  B. make parents less worried about the color pinkC. encourage girls to give up playing with pink toysD. show people’s different opinions about the color pink GThe world uses about a thousand million(百万) tons of water a day. Water is a human right and everyone should have their share. Yet more than 700 million people around the world have trouble getting clean, safe water.Treating wastewater is a good way to provide fresh water for us. And it also helps the environment by keeping waste out of rivers and oceans. 80% of wastewater around the world is not treated at all, and it is running into oceans. But now we have got the technology to treat and reuse the wastewater.While 75% of our planet is covered with water, only about 2% is fresh water—that comes from rivers, lakes, ice and snow. The rest, 98% of the water, is in seas and oceans. It is too salty to drink. Then desalination(淡化) businesses come in. More than 19,000 factories have been built around the world, mostly in coastal countries. They process(加工) more than 92 million tons of water every day. But the technology they use requires a lot of energy.Scientists are working to create a less costly technology. They want to produce 20 times more clean water and make sure everyone has enough. But for now, the world still faces each day with not having enough water for everyone.25．How many people have trouble in getting clean water around the world?A．Under 10 million. B．Only 19 million.C．About 92 million. D．Over 700 million.26．Treating wastewater helps the environment by________.A．storing waste in ice and snowB．letting waste run into oceansC．keeping waste out of rivers and oceansD．sending waste to coastal countries27．At present, the technology to process water________.A．needs much energy B．saves much moneyC．satisfies everyone D．causes pollution28．What can we infer from the last paragraph?A．Water should be a human right. B．The water problem is still serious.C．Our planet is covered with water. D．Everyone has enough clean water. HAre you feeling overworked? Are you so concerned with moving up in your career that you feel stressed and unhappy? If so, maybe it is time for you to stop and smell the roses.　　People who need to stop and smell the roses should stop working so hard. They need to slow down and take time to appreciate many things that life has offered. Often this means enjoying the wonders of nature—looking at stars in the night sky, feeling the wind blowing your hair, smelling flowers growing near a busy street. But the flowers do not have to be roses.　　While this expression relates to roses, it can be anything rather small or even common. These things may seem small but they can give us great joy.　　The things that you stop to watch could be an old married couple holding hands, a child jumping in a puddle or a musician performing by your bus stop. These are the things—simple but beautiful things. But we often walk by in a hurry to get to our next appointment place.　　Very ambitious, highly driven people often need to stop and smell the roses. We sometimes call this kind of person Type A. Such people often do not know when to sit down and stop working. So, they may have a hard time slowing down and doing something as simple as smelling flowers.　　But you know, for a Type A person, the best thing in the world might be working. In that case, stopping to smell the roses may give them no joy at all. Maybe smelling flowers gives them an allergic reaction. Maybe the person has many mouths to feed at home and does not have time to stop and smell the roses. People and their situations are complex.　　Now, we turn to another “rose” expression: Every rose has its thorns.29.Which statement is NOT “stop and smell the roses”?A.Doing morning exercises every day.B.Watching an old married couple holding hands. C.Smelling flowers growing near a busy street.D.Watching a musician performing by your bus stop.30.What do we know about the Type A person from the passage?A.They like simple but beautiful things.B.They dislike doing simple things.C.They have no time to smell flowers.D.They are ambitious and hard-working.31.What’s the meaning of the word “allergic”?A.sensitive  B.nervous  C.worried  D.unhappy32.The passage is mainly to tell us　　　　. A.how to understand the expressions of roses B.we can deal with stress by slowing down C.the meaning of “stop and smell the roses”D.it’s unwise to work so hard  I    Fresh green grass. Hundreds of colorful wild flowers. Water running into little pools. Birds making their homes in boxes. The 9, 500-square-metre Augustenborg Botanical Garden may look just like any other well-organized park but there’s a difference. It lies on the roofs (屋顶) of industrial and office buildings in the city of Malmo in Sweden.    Green roofs are not a new invention. And now they are getting popular again. The common roofs of a modem city have endless black surfaces with no life or water. Perhaps that’s why a garden on a roof becomes such a perfect choice for more and more people.    Green roofs are not just pretty. They also help to moderate the city temperature. The high temperatures on common roofs in the summer can make top floor flats uncomfortably hot. What is more, they play a part in making the cities hotter than the countryside around them, causing the “urban heat-island effect”. On a green roof, however, with its plants and water, temperatures change only a little, as they do in a park. This can greatly cut the costs of heating and cooling in the building below.    Also, a green roof takes in rain water, and protects the city drainage(排水) system. ___▲____ And small animals and birds can make their homes on it. Thanks to this, the city may become part of nature, rather than something completely separate from it.    While the cost of building such a roof can still be higher, it can be cheaper in the long term as a result of energy savings. And wouldn't it be wonderful to be able to walk out into a garden high above the city’s noise and traffic, whether you're at school or in an office or just at home in a ten-floor block?33. With the example of Augustenborg Botanical Garden, the writer wants to explain ________.A. how wildlife is protected   B. what a green roof is like C. how to organize a good park      D. what to do with a spare roof34. The underlined word “moderate” in Paragraph 3 is the closest in meaning to “_______”.A. raise   B. check   C. record   D. control35. Which of the following is the best sentence to fill in the blank in Paragraph 4?A. A green roof is alive.    B. A green roof stops pollution.C. A common roof is noisy.       D. A common roof increases the cost.36. The purpose of the passage is to ____.A. discover the problems with green roofs      B. introduce the change of green roofsC. show the amazing beauty of green roofs  D. describe the advantages of green roots JA yearbook is a tradition of high school life in the United States. The book contains (包含) the name, photos, and signature(签名) of each student in your final year, so that you can remember who you went to school with. A 15­year­old girl Catherine Cook and her brother David wanted more than this. They thought, “Why not have a yearbook online? You could learn about people’s music tastes, the movies they like, and so on.”Catherine thought of the name—myYearbook.com, and the logo(图标). To advertise the site, Catherine and David wore T­shirts with the site logo to school and soon hundreds of their schoolmates became users of the site. She spent many evenings talking on the phone to programmers in India, and collecting ideas from her schoolmates. Then her older brother Geoff came up with the money to start up the website.MyYearbook users can join in the fun by sending messages and “collecting” friends. They can watch the same videos from films and TV programs, and share music, photos, homework and study guides. Some teens feel they can’t make friends more easily online. Chatting online helps some shy people not to feel left out.Users can also make “Lunch Money” by doing activities on the site. They can then spend their Lunch Money on gifts, or donate (捐赠) it to charities. They have saved 0.3 km2 of rainforest, cleaned up 1 million kg of CO2, sent22,000 books to Africa, and bought 20,000 kg of rice for people without enough food.Running the website did not stop Catherine and David from finishing their schoolwork successfully, and going on to university where they still spent 50 hours a week on the site.37. Who got the idea of setting up myYearbook.com?A．Geoff.             B．Catherine and David. C．A US high school.    D．Indian programmers.38. How did Catherine and David get their schoolmates to know the site?A．They advertised the site through videos.B．They offered chances to make money.C．They made a phone call to every student.D．They wore T­shirts with the site logo to school.39. Which of the following is NOT true about “Lunch Money”？A．It can be donated to charities.B．It can be used to help people.C．It can be made by doing activities at school.D．It can be used to protect the environment.40. What is the text mainly about?A．The Cooks.      B．A yearbook online.C．Lunch Money.    D．US high school life.  参考答案： 1—5  ABBCC      6--10  BAABA      11--15  DCBCB     16--20  DB B D C  21--25  BBADD   26--30  CABAD    31--35  ABBDA     36--40  DBDCB