外研版高中英语选择性必修第三册Unit4AglimpseofthefutureSectionⅢDevelopingideas基础训练含解析

Unit 4 A glimpse of the future Section Ⅲ Developing ideas

Ⅰ. 单句填空

1.In every case, the influential person may not consciously notice the         imitation      （imitate）, but he will feel comfortable in its presence.

2.If I had so         desperately       （desperate） wanted to see a tiger, I could have gone to a zoo.

3.However, engineers are still baffled by the complex problem, especially the         inconsistency       （consistent） between theory and practice.

4.Red flags stand out         brightly      （bright） against the blue sky.

5.The most beautiful part of this journey is         simply       （simple） returning to the peaceful feeling of being.

6.To his relief, a loud knock on the door spared him from giving an         explanation       （explain）.

7.The real clue shows whether strong         feelings       （feel） are positive or negative.

8.The hotel has a lot of special         facilities       （facility）for welcoming disabled people.

Ⅱ. 同义替换

1.We should apply the newest methods according to local conditions.       advanced   

2.The results are entirely the same as our earlier research on the project. Therefore, our method proves to be correct.       consistent with   

3.I heard sounds of a hopeless struggle in the next room last night.       desperate   

4.The smallest good habits can have a great influence.       make a big difference   

5.The Spring Festival is drawing near. Have you had any plan for it?       around the corner   

Ⅲ. 完成句子

1.直到做完我的家庭作业, 我才被允许玩电脑游戏。（强调句型）

    It was not until I finished my homework that  I  was allowed to play computer games.   

2.你考试不及格的原因是你不珍惜你的时间。（the reason why…is that…）

    The reason why you fail the exam is that       you don’t value your time.

3.进入小学后, 你会很快适应学生生活。（adjust）

You’ll quickly         adjust yourself to       the student life after you enter the primary school.

4.他们需要搜索所有文档, 查找信息。

They need to         search all the documents to find       the information.

5.让我们到本周末再摘这些桃子吧, 这样它们吃起来会足够甜。（so that）

Let’s not pick these peaches until this weekend         so that they get sweet enough to be eaten      .

素养综合练

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

（2020山东潍坊期中）

Technology has become so advanced that the previously impossible seem to occur on a daily basis, and yet we still have no cure for the common cold.

According to Peter Barlow, a scientist at Edinburgh Napier University in the UK, the main challenge lies in the many different types of cold viruses. There are at least 160 types. They change so easily that they quickly become resistant to drugs, or learn to hide from our immune systems. In other words, a single cure isn’t likely to work on every type of cold.

However, researchers from Stanford University have found a possible answer. They discovered a protein that the viruses need. Without it, they can’t spread inside your body. To identify the gene（基因） which produces the specific protein needed by the viruses, researchers used a gene- editing technique to test all genes. These modified (改变的) cells were then exposed to a range of viruses, including ones causing the common cold. All the viruses were unable to replicate (复制) inside cells without the gene that produces that specific protein.

Then, they tested genetically modified mice, which were completely unable to produce the protein. The mice were able to live normal lives without the protein. “Lacking that gene protected the mice completely from viral infection,” associate professor Jan Carette, from Stanford, told the BBC. “These mice would always die, but they lived through and we saw a very strong reduction in copying viruses and very strong protection. We have identified a fantastic target that all cold viruses require and depend on. Take that away and the virus really has no chance.”

Carette said the plan was to find a drug which could temporarily control the protein, instead of producing genetically modified humans.

1.Which of the following can best describe common cold viruses?

A.Severe and deadly.

B.Mysterious and stubborn.

C.Diverse and changeable.

D.Challenging and oversized.

2.What is the function of the protein?

A.Helping viruses spread.

B.Reducing physical infection.

C.Fighting against other viruses.

D.Strengthening the immune system.

3.What can we learn about the genetically modified mice?

A.They caught cold easily.

B.Their health worsened.

C.They produced more protein.

D.They were able to survive.

4.What is the purpose of the research?

A.To control certain genes.

B.To conquer the common cold.

C.To test a new drug.

D.To cure genetically modified mice.

答案：1.C

解析：1.[语篇解读]  本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是, 尽管科学技术已经很先进, 但是人类没有治愈普通感冒的良药。斯坦福大学的研究人员发现了病毒传播需要一种蛋白质, 没有该蛋白质病毒就无法在体内传播, 因此, 科学家计划找到一种可以暂时控制该蛋白质的药物来战胜感冒病毒。

【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第二段中的“…the main challenge lies in the many different types of cold viruses… They change so easily that they quickly become resistant to drugs, or learn to hide from our immune systems.”可知普通感冒病毒是多样而且易变的。故选C。

答案：2.A

解析：2.【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第三段中的“They discovered a protein that the viruses need. Without it, they can’t spread inside your body.”可知这种蛋白质起到了帮助病毒传播的作用。故选A。

答案：3.D

解析：3. 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第四段中的“The mice were able to live normal lives without the protein.”可知这些转基因老鼠能够在没有该蛋白质的情况下正常生活, 故选D。

答案：4.B

解析：4.【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】由第二小题的分析可知, 这种蛋白质起到了帮助病毒传播的作用。再根据最后一段“Carette said the plan was to find a drug which could temporarily control the protein, instead of producing genetically modified humans.”可知该研究的目的是研发出一种药物来暂时控制这种蛋白质, 从而战胜普通感冒病毒。故选B。

Ⅱ. 七选五

The man who could see the future

The ability to predict the future is a rare talent. American author Isaac Asimov (1920—1992), one of the great science fiction writers of his age, had such a talent.      1      Now that we’re here, let’s see what he got right.

    2       Asimov thought computers would cause a revolution comparable to the industrial revolution of the 19th century. Specifically, he said that “mobile computerized objects” would be an important part of everyday life. Here, he clearly predicted our world of smartphones, tables and other devices. He also had a great deal to say about space exploration.      3   

How did Asimov develop his special sense of future developments?      4       He read the newspapers and magazines sold in his parents’ candy store. His scientific interest gained sharper focus at Columbia University in New York. Asimov went to study chemistry, but became bored with pure laboratory science. Instead, he thought hard about the social implications(作用) of science. He wanted to communicate his ideas to the public.

    5       Asimov had his finger on the pulse(脉搏)of both scientific and social change. He had a clear vision of what was coming around the corner for humanity in his works like the Galactic Empire series(《银河帝国》系列). “His predictions are absolutely fascinating,” Calum Chase, an English writer, told BBC News. “He was a genius.”

A. As a smart boy, Asimov taught himself to read at the age of five.

B. Space exploration really can make our life more convenient and comfortable.

C. Back in 1983, he was asked to predict what the world would look like in 2019.

D. On the role that computing would play in the future, he was amazingly accurate.

E. Asimov has developed a great interest in computer programming since childhood.

F. As an author, his books would feature the theme of social change caused by technology.

G. The International Space Station proves his prediction that we would not simply visit space but seek to stay there.

1.   2.   3.   4.   5.

答案：1.C

解析：1.[语篇解读]  本文是一篇说明文。短文介绍了科幻大师阿西莫夫和他的预言的准确性以及他是如何培养他对未来发展的特殊意识的。

【解题思路】由上下文American author Isaac Asimov （1920—1992）, one of the great science fiction writers of his age, had such a talent. 1  Now that we’re here, let’s see what he got right. 可知, 美国作家艾萨克·阿西莫夫（1920—1992）是他那个时代最伟大的科幻作家之一, 他有这样一种天赋。现在我们在这儿, 让我们看看他预测对了什么。据此可推知, 空格处在本段中起到承上启下的作用。选项C“早在1983年, 他就被要求预测2019年的世界会是什么样子”符合语境。故选C。

答案：2.D

解析：2.【解题思路】由Asimov thought computers would cause a revolution comparable to the industrial revolution of the 19th century. 可知, 阿西莫夫认为计算机将引发一场与19世纪工业革命相当的革命; 再根据第一段内容可知, 下文是介绍阿西莫夫预测的结果, 选项D“关于计算机在未来将扮演的角色, 他的预测惊人得准确”与本段内容相符, 故选D。

答案：3.G

解析：3. 【解题思路】由He also had a great deal to say about space exploration. 可知, 关于太空探索, 他也预测了。所以空格处要接着说他预言的结果。选项G“国际空间站证明了他的预言, 我们不仅要参观太空, 还要设法留在那里”与太空探索相关, 且是预测结果。故选G。

答案：4.A

解析：4.【解题思路】由He read the newspapers and magazines sold in his parents’ candy store. 可知, 他读了父母糖果店出售的报纸和杂志。所以空格处要与下一句一起来说明阿西莫夫是如何培养他对未来发展的特殊意识的。选项A“作为一个聪明的孩子, 阿西莫夫在五岁时就开始自学读书”承上启下。故选A。

答案：5.F

解析：5. 【解题思路】由Asimov had his finger on the pulse（脉搏） of both scientific and social change. 可知, 本段主要介绍的是, 作为一名作家, 他的书以科技引起的社会变革为主题; 选项F是本段主题句。故选F。

Ⅲ. 读后续写

1.（2021河北石家庄一中高二期末）

阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。

“Thanks again, Anna,” Peter Smith said. “You did a great job.”

“You’re welcome,” Anna Johnson could hardly keep the excitement from her voice. Her first baby sitting job had gone perfectly. She’d played games with Peter’s three children until it was bedtime. Mr. Smith walked her to the front door and waited while she let herself into the house. Anna hadn’t even looked at the money Mrs. Smith had pressed into her hand at the end of the evening. She’d expected five or six dollars. Now, she saw that it was a twenty-dollar bill!

Anna imagined her parents’ faces when she handed them the twenty dollars.

Things hadn’t been easy for the Johnson family since Anna’s dad had lost his engineering job a year ago. There had been no new clothes or movies in the last year. They no longer went out to eat on Fridays. Anna didn’t really mind, as long as her family was together. But now she could help. Twenty dollars! That was enough to fill the car with gas or to buy a bag of groceries.

Her excitement faded as she wondered if Mrs. Smith realized how much money she had given her. Could she have made a mistake? Anna felt bad as she remembered that Mrs. Smith had simply pulled the money from her purse without looking at it.

Anna thought, “Maybe Mrs. Smith meant to give me the twenty-dollar bill. Baby sitting three children is a lot of work.” Soon Anna remembered that the Smiths didn’t seem to have much money, either. But, she silently argued with herself. “They gave me the money. I didn’t steal it.”

She found her parents in the living room. Anna took a deep breath and told them what had happened. “I wanted to give the money to you to help out the family, but I think Mrs. Smith made a mistake,” she continued. “I’m going to give it back to her.”

Dad settled his big hand on her shoulder. “You just gave us the best gift, Anna.” Mom kissed her. “We’re very proud of you, sweetheart.”

  注意：续写词数应为150左右。

The next morning, Anna went to Mrs. Smith’s house again.

 Mrs. Smith opened her purse and counted out six dollars.

解析：深度解析

确定故事要素

解析：续写情境推理

Para. 1: The next morning, Anna went to Mrs. Smith’s house again.

1. What did Anna do the next day?

“I think you overpaid me last night,” she said and handed the twenty-dollar bill to her.

2. How did Mrs. Smith feel then?

Mrs. Smith looked surprised. She started to cry.

(此处使用Mrs. Smith的心理感受衬托Anna的诚实可贵。)

3. Why did Mrs. Smith make such a mistake?

It’s the last payment for something her husband needed. She made a mistake of giving Anna the twenty dollars.

(根据第二段首句推断出Mrs. Smith原本想给Anna 6美金, 却错给了她20美金。)

Para. 2: Mrs. Smith opened her purse and counted out six dollars.

1. What would Mrs. Smith like Anna to do?“I hope you’ll babysit for us again. Our children think you’re the best babysitter they’ve ever had, and so do I. I think they will be proud of having such a great sister babysit them!” (续写故事要有积极向上的价值观, 所以推断Anna得到了Mrs. Smith的信任, 得到了下一次工作的机会。)

2. How did Anna deal with the six dollars? She gave her mother the six dollars, the best gift for her. (6美元不多, 但是Ann做了一件对的事。)

3. How did she feel then? She felt very proud because she thought she did a great job. (最后段落要通过心理描写将Ann从得到20美元感到兴奋, 到怀疑弄错, 到还钱高兴回家将故事合理完结。)

答案：高分范文

The next morning, Anna went to Mrs. Smith’s house again. “I think you overpaid me last night,” she said and handed the twenty-dollar bill to her. Mrs. Smith looked surprised. “I didn’t know where that money had gone! I knew that I had put it in my purse. Then this morning, I couldn’t find it.” She started to cry. “It’s the last payment for something my husband needed. I made a mistake of giving you the twenty dollars, but you are such an honest and kind girl that you did not keep it.”;

Mrs. Smith opened her purse and counted out six dollars. “I hope you’ll babysit for us again. Our children think you’re the best babysitter they’ve ever had, and so do I. I think they will be proud of having such a great sister babysit them!” Anna said yes and went back home happily. When she gave her mother the six dollars, the best gift for her, she felt very proud because she thought she did a great job.