外研版高中英语选择性必修第三册Unit5LearningfromnatureSectionⅢDevelopingideas基础训练含解析

Unit 5 Learning from nature Section Ⅲ Developing ideas

Ⅰ. 单句填空

1.Both powers withdrew their forces         from      the region.

2.White represents         purity       (pure) in that culture, which is why a bride carries or wears something white on her wedding day.

3.The response of the audience varied from         rejection      (reject) to acceptance.

4.He had to resign himself to         watching       (watch) the European Championships on television.

5.The function of a smile is to show happiness and put people         at       ease.

6.If you understand how         to evaluate       (evaluate) yourself, how to research schools, and how to see the differences between one college and another, your chances will be very good.

Ⅱ. 同义替换

1.She is one of the most  significant   figures in local politics.      influential   

2.Jim gave up the editorship of the school paper.       resigned   

3.We object to counting on a lucky chance.       are opposed to   

4.Today we’re going to center on the question of homeless people.       focus on   

5.We target success in the examination.       aim at   

6.Their response to the joke is to laugh.       reaction to   

7.We must adapt ourselves to circumstances.       resign ourselves to   

8.Compared with/to your belief that we will fail, I am confident that we will succeed.      In contrast with/to   

9.He didn’t feel completely comfortable and relaxed in the strange surroundings.       at ease   

10.Tell the men to move back from their new position.       withdraw from   

Ⅲ. 翻译句子

1.虽然汤姆有许多优点, 但他也有缺点。(while引导让步状语从句)

    While Tom has many strengths, he has his shortcomings.   

2.他们正力求使失业人数下降50%。（aim to do）

    They are aiming to reduce unemployment by 50%.   

3.太晚了, 我们赶不上那趟早班公交车了。（too…to…结构）

    It is too late for us to catch the early bus.   

4.正如他在报告中指出的那样, 这种病毒的传播速度之快出人意料。（as引导非限制性定语从句）

    As he pointed out in his report, the virus spreads unexpectedly fast.   

5.他有两个女儿。一个是老师, 另一个是医生。（one…the other…）

    He has two daughters. One is a teacher, and the other is a doctor.   

素养综合练

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

（2020河南新乡高二期中）

Does just thinking about stepping inside a gym make you feel exhausted? If so, here’s some good news. One of the world’s largest studies on physical activity has found that doing household chores（家务事）can be just as effective as running or working out when it comes to cutting your risk of heart disease and extending your life.

A team of researchers discovered that people enjoyed the same health benefits whether they were going to the gym, walking to work or doing household chores. Indeed, performing 30 minutes of any kind of physical activity five days a week could reduce the risk of dying from any causes by 28% and the rate of heart disease by 20%.

And, again, the positive effects were the same whether someone was working out, walking or doing chores such as mopping the floor or gardening.

“Walking for at least 30 minutes most days of the week has a massive benefit, and high levels of physical activity is associated with even lower risk of illness,” lead researcher Scott Lear said about the findings. “By including low and middle-income countries in this study, we were able to determine the benefit of activities such as having an active job or even doing household chores,” Lear said. He noted that 1 in 4 people worldwide do not get 30 minutes of exercise a day, five times a week.

Interestingly enough, the Canadian study found no ceiling on the benefits of exercise and “no risks associated with extremely high levels of physical activity”, defined as more than 2,500 minutes, or more than 41 hours per week. Lear said that those who spent more than 750 minutes walking quickly each week lowered their risk of premature death by 36%.

1.What can we infer about the study from Paragraph 1?

A.Women should do more housework than men.

B.Doing housework may help to live long and healthy.

C.People with heart disease had better do less housework.

D.Doing housework makes people feel less tired than going to gym.

2.What does Scott Lear say about his findings on health?

A.Sitting long will take the health away.

B.The exercises will make life meaningful.

C.It’s a good idea to walk less than 30 minutes a day.

D.High levels of physical activity can reduce disease risk.

3.What is the study in the text mainly supported by?

A.Statistics.B.Voices.

C.Examples.D.Experiments.

4.Which is the best title for the text?

A.Exercise Moves for Better Strength and Balance

B.Risks from High Levels of Physical Activity

C.Household Chores May Be a Secret to Living Longer

D.The Two Factors Determine the Benefit of Activities

答案：1.B

解析：1.[语篇解读]  本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现, 做家务和体育锻炼一样, 能够降低患心脏病的风险和延长寿命。

【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第一段中的“One of the world’s largest studies… heart disease and extending your life.”可推知, 做家务和锻炼一样有助于长寿和健康。故选B项。

答案：2.D

解析：2.【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第四段中的“‘Walking for at least 30 minutes…about the findings.’”可知, Scott Lear认为高水平的体育活动可以降低患病风险。故选D项。

答案：3.A

解析：3.【命题立意】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第二段中的“Indeed, performing 30 minutes of… from any causes by 28% and the rate of heart disease by 20%.”和第四段中的“He noted that 1 in 4 people worldwide do not get 30 minutes of exercise a day, five times a week.”以及最后一段“Interestingly enough, the …each week lowered their risk of premature death by 36%.”可推断, 文章中研究的主要依据是数据。故选A项。

答案：4.C

解析：4.【命题立意】主旨大意题。【解题思路】根据第一段中的“One of the world’s largest studies on physical …when  it comes to cutting your risk of heart disease and extending your life.”及全文内容可知, 文章主要介绍了一项研究发现, 做家务和体育锻炼一样, 能够降低患心脏病的风险和延长寿命。所以“Household Chores May Be a Secret to Living Longer（做家务可能是长寿的秘诀）”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C项。

深度解析

词汇积累

exhausted adj. 筋疲力尽的, 疲惫不堪的; 耗尽的  work out 锻炼  extend v. 延伸; 扩大; 扩展  be associated with和……联系在一起; 与……有关  determine v. 决心, 决定

长难句分析

And, again, the positive effects were the same whether someone was working out, walking or doing chores such as mopping the floor or gardening. 再说, 无论某人是在锻炼、散步还是做家务, 如拖地或园艺, 积极影响都是相同的。

分析：本句是主从复合句。whether…or…引导包含选择范围的状语从句。

Ⅱ. 七选五

（2020河南高二月考）

The days start to warm up and daylight lasts longer.      1       You should, by now, be seeing spring arriving in your garden, with new growth on your trees and bushes.

With the sun shining stronger, its warmth can be felt and the plants respond accordingly.      2      So you need to make sure that you remove them before they take hold. Treat where you can and dig up where you can’t, remember that any treatments you do use keep your pets out of the garden for the correct amount of time. We wouldn’t want them to get poorly!

If you have trees to plant then make sure you give them enough compost （堆肥） or manure （粪肥）, to ensure the take to their new homes.      3       If not, you can always head to your local garden centre to top up your supplies! And why not pick up more flowers while you’re there for your hanging pots or window sills?

    4       There are a variety of summer-flowering bulbs that can also be grown in pots, hanging baskets and other containers, to brighten up a rock garden. In fact, if you plant your bulbs in a container that’s a few sizes smaller than looks comfortable, it’ll help them to burst into bloom.       5   

So, what will you be planting out in the garden? I have a few bulbs to get ready to go into the ground, what’s your favorite flower to plant at this time of a year?

A.It’s a good idea to try different plants.

B.If you only have small space, don’t worry.

C.If you are not well prepared, it doesn’t matter.

D.Sadly, the weeds are also beginning to come up.

E.You know that means early flowers for indoors!

F.If you are able to use your own home-made-fertilizer then do so.

G.Therefore, it’s time to get out in the garden and plant some plants.

1.   2.   3.   4.   5.

答案：1.G

解析：1.[语篇解读]  本文是一篇说明文。春天到了, 有没有在你家花园中种植花草的计划呢？具体又该如何实施呢？

【解题思路】根据上文“The days start to warm up and daylight lasts longer.”和下文“You should, by now, be seeing spring arriving in your garden, with new growth on your trees and bushes.”可知, 上文提及天气暖和了起来, 下文提及了树木发芽, 因此, 此处应是种植植物。故选G。

答案：2.D

解析：2.【解题思路】根据下文“So you need to make sure that you remove them before they take hold.”可知, 杂草已经长出来了。下文中的“them”显然指代选择项中的“weeds”, 且前后句之间为因果关系。故选D。

答案：3.F

解析：3.【解题思路】根据上文“If you have trees to plant then make sure you give them enough compost （堆肥） or manure （粪肥）, to ensure the take to their new homes.”中的堆肥和粪肥可知, 也可以使用自己自制的肥料。而且下文的“If not”也给出了暗示。选项F中的“home-made-fertilizer”与上文中的“compost”以及“manure”相一致。故选F。

答案：4.B

解析：4.【解题思路】下文提及的都是各种种植花草的地方, 因此本段理应是说明空间问题。所以选项B“如果你只有很小的空间, 不要担心。”符合上下文语境。故选B。

答案：5.E

解析：5.【解题思路】根据上文“In fact, if you plant your bulbs in a container that’s a few sizes smaller than looks comfortable, it’ll help them to burst into bloom.”可知, 上文提及花儿盛开, 自然这里谈到花儿。所以选项E“你知道, 那意味着在室内的花儿要早开!”符合上下文语境。故选E。

Ⅲ. 读后续写

阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Holidays are not necessarily for fun or rest. Doing something meaningful can also gain special pleasure. When the final bell rang, the students were reminded that there was no school on Monday-Labor Day. “Enjoy your extra day off,”said the teacher to her class.

An extra day of fun suited Kayla just fine. She loved breaks. She wanted to go out to play with her friends. When the school bus dropped Kayla off, she ran into the house happily.

“How was school, Kayla?” asked her mom.

“It was great, Mom. I am excited about no school on Monday.”

“You just started back to school two weeks ago. Already in need of a break, huh?” asked Kayla’s mom with a laugh.

Kayla slept in the next morning. Saturday was her favorite day of the week. It rained most of the day, so Kayla enjoyed playing video games inside. On Sunday, her friends came over and they played basketball for several hours.

Then it was Labor Day, you know, the extra day off that Kayla was so looking forward to. But Kayla was awakened early that morning by her dad. He told Kayla that in honor of Labor Day, the family would be cleaning both inside and outside the house. Kayla couldn’t believe it. This was a holiday. A day when she was supposed to be enjoying freshly squeezed lemonade while playing in her tree house. As Kayla wiped her eyes, she began to wonder if this was just a bad dream.

“Kayla, your breakfast is ready. We have a lot of work to do today. Let’s get a move on, ”said Kayla’s mom. As she sat down at the kitchen table, Kayla asked her parents,

“Are you serious about working today? Isn’t Labor Day a holiday?”

“Yes, Kayla. It is, ”replied her dad. “But your mom and I thought working hard today would make you appreciate why Labor Day was observed in the first place. ”

  注意： 续写词数应为150左右。

At first, Kayla felt disappointed at her parents’ plan for the holiday.

But things began to change as she was doing the chores.

解析：深度解析

确定故事要素

解析：提取故事线索

解析：续写情境推理

Para. 1: At first, Kayla felt disappointed at her parents’ plan for the holiday.

1. How did Kayla feel?

How eagerly she wanted to go out to play with her friends! She was against the annoying plan from the bottom of her heart, but she had no choice.

（给出的语言材料中有大量的心理描写, 利用情感线索推动故事发展。Kayla很抵触。根据续写的语言风格的同一性, 此处用心理描写。）

2. What should Kayla do?

Kayla was arranged to wash the breakfast dishes. After that, she was asked to give their puppy a bath. She has begun the work with great unwillingness.

（给出的语言材料中有大量的动作描写, 利用动作描写给读者画面感, 推动故事发展。此处使用动作描写体现Kayla的勉强。）

3. Was the task easy for Kayla?

It was a hard task, which needed a lot of tiring, careful and patient work.

（续写第一段和第二段首句要合理衔接, 根据第二段首句推断出 Kayla硬着头皮在做。

根据故事情节可推理出她在做家务活的过程中有了改变。）Para. 2: But things began to change as she was doing the chores.

1. What did Kayla think of bathing the puppy? Brushing the puppy, she found it was a lot of fun with so many soap bubbles. （续写故事要有积极向上的价值观, 体现积极的人生观, 所以和动物相处时要体会到快乐和乐趣。）

2. How did Kayla finish picking up sticks? The work was done with great pleasure. （续写要求主题同一, 指续写时要紧扣所给材料的中心, 不得脱离原主题另起炉灶。所以依据所给材料, 孩子做家务的趣味性要有所体现。）

3. How did she feel then? Kayla felt proud to see how much better the yard looked. （所给材料中运用丰富的感情描写, 并利用事件线索和感情线索推动故事情节发展。根据续写部分与所给材料的线索同一性, 最后段落要通过心理描写来讲述Kayla理解了劳动的意义。）

答案：高分范文

At first, Kayla felt disappointed at her parents’ plan for the holiday. How eagerly she wanted to go out to play with her friends! She was against the annoying plan from the bottom of her heart, but she had no choice. First, Kayla was arranged to wash the breakfast dishes. After that, she was asked to give their puppy a bath. She knew it was a hard task, which needed a lot of tiring, careful and patient work. She has begun the work with great unwillingness.;

But things began to change as she was doing the chores. Brushing the puppy, she found it was a lot of fun with so many soap bubbles. Then it was on to yard work where Kayla helped to pick up sticks. She pretended the small sticks were basketballs, and shot them into a large trash can. So the work was done with great pleasure. Kayla felt proud to see how much better the yard looked. When she finished her meaningful chores, Kayla enjoyed relaxing in her tree house. The lemonade tasted wonderful after a hard day of work.