外研版高中英语选择性必修第三册Unit5LearningfromnatureSectionⅣExpandingyourworld基础训练含解析

Unit 5 Learning from nature Section Ⅳ Expanding your world

Ⅰ. 语境填词

1.Some famous foreign   architects   （建筑师） are invited to lead the design of landmark buildings in China.

2.Ben was finally persuaded of the   wisdom   （智慧）of the decision.

3.For the past three years he has been   employed   （雇用） as a firefighter.

4.His words had   sowed   （播种） the seeds of suspicion in their minds.

5.Having collected and     evaluated     （评估）the information, I help other scientists to predict it.

6.Can work really bring such contentment and   fulfillment   （满足感） to your life?

7.More women are   attaining   （获得） positions of power in public life in China.

8.I make it clear to him that I   reject   （拒绝） his proposal.

9.A footballer was accused of taking money for      deliberately   （故意地） not scoring goals so as to let the other team win.

10.It is a truly delightful place, which looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty      cottages   （乡村小屋）.

Ⅱ. 同义替换

1.I always find ways to deal with problems and work together with her cooperatively.      seek solutions to   

2.I’m ready to get a good idea from them, just as I hope they will be ready to accept what I offer them.      take inspiration from   

3.Don’t think to yourself that they will support you.      take it for granted   

4.And you must accustom yourself to feeling more relaxed with people when you are with them.      at ease   

5.What will be included this year’s reform of the EU’s telecom rules      be covered in   

6.By reacting to changes quickly in the markets, small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys.      responding to   

7.Human life is regarded as part of nature and the only way for us to survive is to live harmoniously with nature.      in harmony with   

8.Together with the increase of tax rates came an increase in benefits.      Along with   

9.Whatever rooms you might attach to your house of life, the secret of enjoying life is to keep adding.     add to   

10.That is to say, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging.      In other words   

Ⅲ. 翻译句子

1.他是如此聪明, 以至于他能回答这个问题。（so…that…）

He is so smart that he can answer this question.   

2.没有什么地方比在旅馆房间里学习更好的了。（否定词+比较级）

Nowhere is more better than studying in the hotel room.   

3.他们现在走进一条狭窄的小街, 刚才他们就是从这里走出来的。（“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句）

They now entered into the narrow side street from which they had emerged.   

4.没有比在宾馆房间里更能突出这一点的地方了。（否定词+比较级）

Nowhere is this more marked than in the hotel room.   

素养综合练

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

A

（2021河南新乡高二期中）

Hundreds of years ago there was a king of Scotland whose name was Robert Bruce. The king of England was at war with him, and had led a great army into Scotland. Bruce led his people in the defense of their country.

Battle after battle he had fought with England. Six times Bruce had led his brave little army against his enemies. Six times his men had been beaten. At last the army of Scotland was entirely defeated, and the king was forced to hide in the woods and in lonely places among the mountains.

One rainy day, Bruce lay in a cave, tired and felt sick at heart, ready to give up all hope. It seemed that there was no use for him to try to do anything more.

As he lay thinking, he noticed a spider over his head, getting ready to weave her web. He watched her as she worked slowly and with great care. Six times she tried to throw her in thread from one edge of the cave wall to another. Six times her thread fell short.

“Poor thing!” said Bruce. “You, too, know what it’s like to fail six times in a row.”

But the spider did not lose hope. With still more care, she was ready to try for a seventh time. Robert almost forgot his own trouble as he watched, fascinated. She swung herself out on the slender thread. Would she fail again? No! The thread was carried safely to the cave all, and fastened there.

“Yes!” cried Bruce, “I, too, will try a seventh time!”

So he got up and called his men together. He told them his plans, and sent them out with hopeful messages to cheer the discouraged people. Soon there was an army of brave men around him. A seventh battle was fought, and this time the King of England was forced to retreat back to his own country.

1.How did King Bruce feel after his army was beaten six times?

A.Easy.B.Cheerful.

C.Angry.D.Hopeless.

2.What does the underlined word “slender” in Paragraph 6 mean?

A.Thick.B.Thin.C.Short.D.Smooth.

3.What encouraged King Bruce to fight again?

A.His powerful army.

B.People’s service and support.

C.Aid from neighboring countries.

D.The spider’s efforts to weave the web.

4.What can we learn from the text?

A.Never give up.

B.Things of one kind come together.

C.As one door closes, another door opens.

D.All things in their being are good for something.

答案：1.D

解析：1.[语篇解读]  本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了苏格兰的布鲁斯国王六战六败, 受到蜘蛛织网不放弃的启发, 第七次终于成功打败了英格兰国王的入侵, 保卫了自己国家的故事。

【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第三段“One rainy day, Bruce lay in a cave, tired and felt sick at heart, ready to give up all hope. It seemed that there was no use for him to try to do anything more.”可知, 布鲁斯国王的军队被打败六次后, 他感到绝望。故选D项。

答案：2.B

解析：2.【命题立意】词义猜测题。【解题思路】 根据第六段中“She swung herself out on the slender thread. Would she fail again? No! The thread was carried safely to the cave all, and fastened there.”可知, 蜘蛛不畏惧失败, 用纤细的丝织网, 最终成功。所以画线词slender意为“细长的, 纤细的”。 故选B项。

答案：3.D

解析：3.【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第六段中“Would she fail again? No! The thread was carried safely to the cave all, and fastened there.”以及第七段中“‘Yes!’ cried Bruce, ‘I, too, will try a seventh time!’”可知, 蜘蛛织网的努力促使布鲁斯国王再次参战。故选D项。

答案：4.A

解析：4.【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第二段中“Six times Bruce had led his brave little army against his enemies. Six times his men had been beaten.”, 第七段“‘Yes!’ cried Bruce, ‘I, too, will try a seventh time!’”, 以及最后一段中“A seventh battle was fought, and this time the King of England was forced to retreat back to his own country.”可知, 文章通过讲述布鲁斯国王六战六败, 受到蜘蛛织网不放弃的启发, 第七次终于成功保卫了自己国家的故事, 告诉了我们“永不放弃”的道理。故选A项。

深度解析

词汇积累

defense n. 防御, 防护  weave vt. 编, 织  with great care非常小心  in a row连续; 成一排  fasten ot. 使固定; 扎牢  fascinated adj. 入迷的; 极感兴趣的

B

（2020河南新乡高二期中）

More than half of the population of the world’s wild tiger is threatened by roads built dangerously close to their habitats, and giant projects planned across Asia could put tigers at even greater risk.

Tigers’ habitats have reduced by 40% since 2006, leaving fewer than 4,000 of the animals in the wild. Those living near roads are particularly attacked because they are at risk of being hit by vehicles, have more difficulties finding food, and are easier to be killed. Using a global dataset, Neil Carter at the University of Michigan and his colleagues calculated that the tiger’s current range, which mostly distributed in south and southeast Asia, contains 134,000 kilometres of roads. They estimated that 57% of tigers live within 5 kilometres of these roads, which is considered dangerously close.

This close to roads could be decreasing the world’s tiger population by more than 20%, the researchers’ modelling suggests. Nearly 24,000 kilometres of new roads are planned   for construction within the tiger’s range by 2050, which will make it even harder for the animals to avoid these risks.

“New roads could be made more tiger-friendly by building them away from key tiger populations, banning overnight traffic, installing road signs to warn drivers of the presence of tigers, and building tiger-friendly crossings so that wild animals can safely cross forests on both sides of the road,” says Carter. These have been built on roads and highways in Malaysia.

In 2010, all 13 countries with wild tiger populations committed to a plan to double the tiger population by 2022. By 2016, research suggested that the population of the global wild tiger stopped declining and had increased. “Building tiger-friendly roads will be crucial to reaching this goal,” says Carter.

5.What does Paragraph 2 mainly show?

A.Tigers are endangered species.

B.Tigers are too lazy to go around.

C.Tigers’ habitats have been threatened.

D.The population of the world’s wild tiger has decreased a lot.

6.What’s Carter’s suggestion about increasing the population of the tigers?

A.Building fewer new roads.

B.Building protection areas for tigers.

C.Building special roads for tigers to go through.

D.Improving the living conditions of tigers.

7.What attitude does Carter have towards the future of tigers?

A.Worried.B.Optimistic.

C.Conservative.D.Critical.

8.What is the main idea of the text?

A.How to protect tigers.

B.How to build tiger-friendly roads.

C.The population of the wild tiger will increase.

D.Road-building threatens the tigers’ habitats.

答案：5.C

解析：5.[语篇解读]  本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了道路修建威胁到了老虎的栖息地这一现象。研究人员建议修建专门的道路供老虎通过, 减少危险。

【命题立意】主旨大意题。【解题思路】根据第二段中“Tigers’ habitats have reduced by 40% since 2006, leaving fewer than 4,000 of the animals in the wild. Those living near roads are particularly attacked because they are at risk of being hit by vehicles, have more difficulties finding food, and are easier to be killed.”可知, 本段主要说明了老虎的栖息地已经受到了威胁。

故选C项。

答案：6.C 

解析：6.【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第四段中“‘…and building tiger-friendly crossings so that wild animals can safely cross forests on both sides of the road’”可知, Carter建议修建专门的道路供老虎通过。故选C项。

答案：7.B 

解析：7.【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据最后一段中“By 2016, research suggested that the population of the global wild tiger stopped declining and had increased. ‘Building tiger-friendly roads will be crucial to reaching this goal,’ says Carter.”可知, Carter对老虎的未来持乐观的态度。故选B项。

答案：8.D

解析：8.【命题立意】主旨大意题。【解题思路】通读全文, 特别是根据第一段“More than half of the population of the world’s wild tiger are threatened by roads built dangerously close to their habitats, and giant projects planned across Asia could put tigers at even greater risk.”可知, 本文主要介绍了道路修建威胁到了老虎的栖息地。故选D项。

深度解析

词汇积累

threaten vt. 威胁; 恐吓  close to靠近  at risk of 冒着……的风险  distribute vt. 分配; 散布  decrease v. 减少, 减小, 降低  ban v. 禁止, 取缔

长难句分析

Tigers’habitats have reduced by 40% since 2006，leaving  fewer than 4 ,000 of the animals in the wild. 自2006年以来, 老虎的栖息地已经减少了40% , 只剩下不到4, 000只野生动物。

分析: leaving现在分词短语作结果状语。

Ⅱ. 语法填空

（2020河南高二月考）

Giant pandas are seen as living proof     1   conservation works, the numbers of which in the wild are recovering after years of decline.

The distinctive black and white bear     2   （regard）as an “umbrella species”. That means protecting the mountain forests     3   they live has been good for many other animals, including birds and small animals that mainly feed on meat.

Yet, according to a new study published in the journal Nature Ecology Evolution, it’s a     4   （complete）different story for larger predators（食肉动物） such as leopards and wolves. Asian wild dogs have disappeared from 95% of areas set up     5   （protect） pandas in the 1960s. Leopards, wolves and snow leopards have also been found much     6   （few） than before. Scientists in China say these four predators are being driven     7   near extinction by illegal hunting and destruction of     8   （they） habitats.

Conservation efforts have often been based on protecting specific species such as the panda. But experts argue for a new approach that     9   （aim） to protect whole ecosystems,  rather than focusing on a single species. Thus, the     10   （disappear）of larger predators will hopefully slow down.

1.   2.   3.   4.   5.

6.   7.   8.   9.   10.

答案：1.that

解析：1.[语篇解读]  本文是一篇说明文。在大熊猫这一珍贵物种的保护颇有成效时, 大型食肉动物也在濒临灭绝。对于这一现象, 专家们主张采用一种新的方法来保护整个生态系统, 而不是只关注单一的物种。

考查同位语从句连接词。空处引导同位语从句解释说明proof, 从句句意完整, 成分齐全, 应该用that引导同位语从句。故填that。

答案：2.is regarded

解析：2.考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子成分可知, 空处为本句的谓语。regard与bear之间为逻辑上的被动关系, 故用被动语态。主语bear是单数形式, 根据语境可知, 应用一般现在时。故填is regarded。

答案：3.where

解析：3.考查定语从句。本句中, 先行词是forests, 作定语从句的地点状语, 用where引导。故填where。

答案：4.completely

解析：4.考查副词。空处修饰形容词different, 用副词形式。故填completely。

答案：5.to protect

解析：5.考查动词不定式。此处用动词不定式to protect作areas的过去分词后置定语set up的目的状语。故填to protect。

答案：6.fewer

解析：6.考查形容词比较级。根据than可知, 此处应该用比较级, 且much修饰比较级。故填fewer。

答案：7.to

解析：7.考查介词。be driven to为固定搭配, 意为“被迫……”。to为介词, 与其后名词构成介宾结构。故填to。

答案：8.their

解析：8.考查形容词性物主代词。空处放在名词habitat前, 用形容词性物主代词their作定语。故填their。

答案：9.aims/is aimed

解析：9.考查主谓一致和固定短语。此句中包含定语从句, 先行词为approach, 作定语从句的主语。主语为单数形式, 根据主谓一致原则, 谓语动词用第三人称单数aims。aim to do sth. 意为“旨在做某事”。也可以写成be aimed to to。故填aims/is aimed。

答案：10.disappearance

解析：10.考查名词。分析句子成分可知, 空处为句子的主语, 应该用disappear对应的名词disappearance, 为不可数名词。故填disappearance。

Ⅲ. 应用文写作

（2020江西赣州月考）

假设你是李华, 校学生会主席, 想邀请外教Henry先生一起参加学校举办的中秋节晚会。请用英语给他写封邮件, 内容包括：

1. 介绍写邮件的目的;

2. 晚会的时间和地点：9月30日晚6点、学校报告厅;

3. 晚会内容：同学们表演节目、吃月饼和赏月。

注意：1. 词数80左右;

2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯;

3. 开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数。

Dear Mr. Henry,

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

解析：写作指导

答案：高分范文

Dear Mr. Henry,

I’m Li Hua, Chairman of Students’ Union. With the Mid-Autumn Festival around the corner, we will hold a party to celebrate the traditional Chinese festival. It’s a great honour for me, on behalf of my fellow union members, to invite you to attend our party.

The party will be held at the lecture hall of our school at 6 p. m. on Sept. 30th. At the party there will be a lot of performances and we will enjoy a variety of delicious foods, including mooncakes, watermelons, grapes and so on, while admiring the fullest and roundest moon.

We can’t wait to see you!

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

高级短语及句式

1. It’s a great honour for… 对……来说是很大的荣誉;2. on behalf of 代表;3. get together 聚会;4. traditional Chinese festival 中国传统节日

5. With the Mid-Autumn Festival around the corner, we will hold a party to celebrate the traditional Chinese festival. 随着中秋节的临近, 我们将举办一个晚会来庆祝中国的传统节日。

6. It’s a great honour for me, on behalf of my fellow union members, to invite you to attend our party. 我很荣幸代表学生会其他成员邀请你来参加我们的晚会。