外研版高中英语选择性必修第三册Unit6NatureinwordsSectionⅠStartingout&Understandingideas基础训练含解析

Unit 6 Nature in words Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas

Ⅰ. 单句填空

1.On the bench a large light bulb was glowing   faintly   （faint）.

2.She responded to their criticism with a     witty      （wit） remark.

3.The movie was enthusiastically received by the         reviewers   （review）.

4.He has made steady progress in his study since he worked day and night steadily for        nearly   （near） a few months.

5.She was the first woman to be appointed to the board, at which she felt very        excited   （excite）.

6.Farther in the distance, I could not enjoy the view of        snowy       （snow） mountains.

7.The decision was delayed for almost a year because of the local residents’ complaint that the newly-built factory would disturb the       quietness     （quiet） of the place.

8.Until you are older you will not know what        brave   （brave） smiles can mean.

9.They spent the afternoon in        lovely       （love） shops and visited artists in their workplaces beside the water.

10.Bill is        heavily   （heavy） in debt at the moment-but hopes to pay it off when he gets paid.

Ⅱ. 同义替换

1.I knew  from the start   that I wanted to build a library for the students.      early on   

2.The policeman saved my life by taking the risk of losing his own in the accident.       at the risk of   

3.After a long time, the rain finally stopped and the sun appeared.     came out   

4.I was moved by the doctor’s spirit when the epidemic occurred.        broke out   

5.The little boy came to and found himself alone in the house.        woke up   

6.This actor is well known for his unusual clothes and behavior.        is famous for   

7.There are a lot of people who have applied for the job.        a large number of   

8.They refused to give in to the bad man’s demands.      bend to   

9.The accused person insisted that he had nothing to do with the crime.        was innocent of   

Ⅲ. 完成句子

1.我的爸爸工作的那家公司的老板是一位很善良的人。

The boss      in whose company   my father works is a very kind person.

2.掌握这项技术使我们能够更有效地使用互联网。

Mastering the technology      makes it possible   for us to use the Internet more effectively.

3.正如孩子们常有的情况一样, 医生到的时候Amy就好多了。

As is always the case with children, Amy was better      by the time      the doctor arrived.

4.他的言谈举止就好像他目睹了整个事件。

He behaved         as if he had witnessed   the whole incident.

5.真正的幸福感会在我们学会对我们所拥有的感到满足时到来。

True happiness comes      when we learn to   be content with what we have owned.

素养综合练

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

Nature calms our stressed-out soul. Nature is the best medicine, but new research is showing what little time we need to set aside to harvest the benefits.

In one new study, researchers tried to find the most effective “dose（药剂）” of nature within the context of normal daily life. As more doctors prescribe （开药方） nature experiences for stress relief and other health benefits-sometimes referred to as a “nature pill”—the study’s authors hoped to make the details of these treatments clear.

“We know that spending time in nature reduces stress, but until now it is unclear how much is enough, how often to do it, or even what kind of nature experience will benefit us,” says lead author Mary Carol Hunter in a statement. “Our study shows that for the greatest pay-off, in terms of efficiently lowering levels of the stress hormone cortisone （压力荷尔蒙激素）, you should spend 20 to 30 minutes sitting or walking in a place that provides you with a sense of nature.”

A nature pill can be a low-cost, low-risk way to curb the negative effects of urbanization and indoor lifestyles. To find the most efficient dosage, Hunter and her co-authors asked 36  city citizens to have nature experiences of at least 10 minutes three times per week over eight weeks.

Every two weeks, the researchers collected saliva （唾液） samples to measure levels of the stress hormone cortisone, both before and after the participants took a nature pill. The data showed that just a 20-minute nature experience was enough to significantly reduce cortisone levels. The effect was more efficient between 20 and 30 minutes, after which benefits continued to increase but at a slower rate.

That fits in with the findings of another recent study, which found that spending 20 minutes in an urban park could make you happier, no matter whether you use that time to exercise.

For this study, 94 adults visited 3 urban parks in Mountain Brook, Alabama, completing a questionnaire about their subjective well-being before and after their visit. An accelerometer （加速度计） tracked their physical activity.

A visit lasting 20 to 25 minutes showed the best results, with a roughly 64% increase in the participants’ self-reported well-being, even if they didn’t move a great deal in the park. That last point is particularly positive, since it means anyone can benefit from visiting a nearby park, whatever his or her age or physical ability.

“There is increasing pressure on green space within urban settings,” said a UAB professor Gavin Jenkins. “Planners and developers look to replace green space with residential （住宅的） and commercial property. The challenge faced by cities is that there is increasing evidence about the value of city parks but we continue to see the disappearance of these spaces.”

1.The authors of the study expected to   .

A.study the treatments of nature in detail

B.find an effective way to treat stress

C.introduce the benefits of a “nature pill”

D.share some rewarding nature experiences

2.What does the underlined word “curb” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A.Experience.B.Realize.

C.Control.D.Produce.

3.What does the first study mainly show?

A.We should stay in nature as long as possible.B.Many health problems are caused by great pressure.

C.Lack of exercise may greatly increase cortisone levels.D.A short period of time in nature is enough to reduce stress.

4.What does Gavin Jenkins want to express in the last paragraph?

A.Big cities should provide more sports facilities.

B.City developers should spare more green space.

C.Visiting parks benefits people’s physical health.

D.City planners should invest more in the property.

答案：1.A

解析：1.[语篇解读]  本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了“自然药丸”对人的作用, 并说明了适度接触大自然可以使人获益, 提升人的幸福感, 最后强调了城市公园的重要性。

1.【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第二段中的As more doctors prescribe（开药方） nature experiences for stress relief and other health benefits-sometimes referred to as a “nature pill”—the study’s authors hoped to make the details of these treatments clear. 可知, 这项研究的作者们希望这些治疗的细节能够更加清晰。

由此可知, 这项研究的作者希望更加详细地研究自然治疗法。

故选A项。

答案：2.C

解析：2.  【命题立意】词义猜测题。【解题思路】根据第四段中画线词后的the negative effects of urbanization and indoor lifestyles（城市化和室内生活方式的负面影响）可推知,“自然药丸”是一种抑制或降低这种负面影响的低成本、低风险的方式。由此推断curb与control的意思最为接近。故选C项。

答案：3.D

解析：3.  【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第五段中的The data showed that just a 20-minute nature experience was enough to significantly reduce cortisone levels. 可知, 数据显示, 仅仅20分钟的自然体验就足以显著地降低激素水平。由此可知, 短时间的与自然的接触就足够可以降低人们的压力。故选D项。

答案：4.B

解析：4.  【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据最后一段中的“There is increasing pressure… settings,” said a UAB professor Gavin Jenkins. 和“The challenge faced by cities is…these spaces.”可知, Gavin Jenkins认为, 越来越多的证据表明城市公园的价值, 但我们依旧看到这些空地的消失。由此推断Gavin Jenkins呼吁城市建设者为城市留出更多的绿色空间。故选B项。

深度解析

词汇积累

set aside 留出  effective adj. 有效的, 起作用的  benefit v. 有益于, 对……有益  experience n. 经验; 经历; 体验at least至少  significantly adv. 显著地; 明显地

长难句分析

The challenge faced by cities is that there is increasing evidence about the value of city parks but we continue to see the disappearance of these spaces. 城市面临的挑战是, 越来越多的证据表明城市公园的价值, 但我们依旧看到这些空地的消失。

分析：本句为主从复合句。主句中faced by cities为过去分词短语作后置定语; that引导的是表语从句; 从句中包含一个由but连接的并列句。

Ⅱ. 完形填空

（2020福建省泉州市第七中学期末）

An act of kindness doesn’t have to be a grand gesture. Even those small acts of kindness can make a difference in someone’s day. That was just the case for Amie Mickey when she      1      a bumper sticker （车尾贴） on her car reading: You Matter.

Amie started to do this several years ago. At first, she wondered if people would     2     it. However, much to her surprise, she began seeing a flood of     3     every time she hit the road. More often than not, people      4      slowly near her car would roll down their windows, raising their     5     , waving and smiling. Sometimes, she even found some sticky notes left on her windshield saying things like “You      6      too!” Once while she was driving down the highway, she became      7     when a man driving a sports car at a high speed pulled his car alongside suddenly, waving and mouthing, “You matter!” Though it took her some time to recover from the       8      , she still felt happy. Last year, someone        9     her car while she was waiting for her friend in the car by the roadside, saying to her, “It is a（n）      10      sticker. I’ve seen various stickers before, but none of them have touched me as your sticker has done.” The two small words on the sticker seem simple enough, but they really struck a chord with many complete strangers who     11     to catch sight of the sticker.

Stories like Amie’s really     12      the rest of us. Sometimes a kind word or gesture may lift our     13     and it doesn’t cost a thing except for a little extra thought. Maybe it means offering a friend a hug, praising the children when they      14      well in school, helping someone out or volunteering at nursing homes. Acts of kindness are waiting everywhere. Small as they seem, they can make a      15      impact on the world, and help form general goodness.

1.A.tore upB.picked upC.fixed upD.put up

2.A.watchB.overlookC.noticeD.ignore

3.A.attentionB.confusionC.strangersD.passers-by

4.A.runningB.drivingC.walkingD.riding

5.A.voicesB.hatsC.shouldersD.thumbs

6.A.countB.shareC.valueD.matter

7.A.frightenedB.discouragedC.embarrassedD.disappointed

8.A.parkingB.speedC.incidentD.event

9.A.approachedB.blockedC.repairedD.cleaned

10.A.importantB.specialC.typicalD.skeptical

11.A.happenedB.occurredC.managedD.offered

12.A.shockB.inspireC.delightD.satisfy

13.A.feelingsB.thoughtsC.spiritsD.minds

14.A.workB.exerciseC.conductD.behave

15.A.reliableB.subjectiveC.positiveD.brief

答案：1.D

解析：1.[语篇解读]  本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Amie Mickey在汽车上贴了一张写着“你很重要”的纸条。通过这种小的善意行为来传播正能量。

【解题思路】考查动词短语。根据空后的a bumper sticker（车尾贴） on her car可知是她在车上张贴（put up）了贴纸。故选D项。

答案：2.C

解析：2.【解题思路】考查动词。根据下文would roll down their windows, raising their可知她想知道人们是否会注意到这个贴纸, 空后的it指代贴纸。故选C项。

答案：3.A

解析：3.【解题思路】考查名词。令她感到惊讶的是, 每次她一上路就开始看到大量的关注。attention注意; 关注。故选A项。

答案：4.B

解析：4.【解题思路】考查动词。通过分析上下文可知, 下文提到 “人们摇下车窗”, 由此可知, 此处表示缓慢开车的人。故选B项。

答案：5.D

解析：5.【解题思路】考查名词。此处表示人们对她的行为表示称赞, 因此是竖起拇指。故选D项。

答案：6.D

解析：6.【解题思路】考查动词。此处表达别人对她的行为的认可, 同时和前面提到的 “You Matter!”相呼应。故选D项。

答案：7.A

解析：7.【解题思路】考查形容词。通过下文when a man driving a sports car at a high speed pulled his car alongside suddenly可知, 此处是一个男人突然把车开到她旁边, 所以Amie应该是吓了一跳, 感到害怕。故选A项。

答案：8.C

解析：8.【解题思路】考查名词。此处应是指“Amie感到吓一跳”这件事, 从这次事件中恢复过来。incident是指偶然发生的, 不太重要的小事。event是指重大而引人注目的事情。故选C项。

答案：9.A

解析：9.【解题思路】考查动词。根据下文saying to her可知该空的动词和该句中的saying构成前后的逻辑关系。人先走向Amie, 然后再说话。故选A项。

答案：10.B

解析：10.【解题思路】考查形容词。根据下文“I’ve seen various stickers before, but none of them have touched me as your sticker has done. （我以前见过各种各样的贴纸, 但没有一个像你的贴纸那样让我感动。）”可知, 这个贴纸和他见过的其他贴纸不一样, 很特别。故选B项。

答案：11.A

解析：11.【解题思路】考查动词。此处指这句话引起了很多碰巧看到这个贴纸的人的共鸣。happen to碰巧。故选A项。

答案：12.B

解析：12.【解题思路】考查动词。Amie的行为激励了人们。故选B项。

答案：13.C

解析：13.【解题思路】考查名词。此处指一句友善的话语或一个小的行为都会振奋我们的精神。故选C项。

答案：14.D

解析：14.【解题思路】考查动词。表扬孩子, 是因为他们在学校的表现不错。故选D项。

答案：15.C

解析：15.【解题思路】考查形容词。尽管它们看起来很微小, 但它们会对世界产生积极的影响。make a positive impact on对……产生积极影响, 故选C项。