2022北京西城区高三下学期二模考试英语试题含答案

北京市西城区2022届高三二模英语试卷

英   语

2022.5

本试卷共 15 页，共100 分。考试时长90 分钟。

考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30 分）

第一节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

I woke up one morning with six hungry kids and just 75 cents in my pocket. Their father was gone. He had never been much more than a presence they   1  . Now that he had decided to leave, there would be no more beatings,   2   no food either.

I washed the kids and then   3   them into my old 51 Chevy and drove off to find a job.

I tried to   4   whoever would listen that I was willing to learn anything. I had to have a job. The last place we went to was the Big Wheel truck stop. They needed someone from 11 pm to 7 am. They paid $0.65 an hour and I could start immediately.

I called the babysitter and   5   with her. We came to an agreement—$1 a night. So every morning I gave her $1 of my tip money—  6   half of what I averaged every night!

As weeks went by, the tires on my Chevy began to leak. One miserable morning, I   7   myself to the car and found four tires in the back seat. New tires! Had angels (天使) taken up residence in Indiana? I   8  .

I was now working six nights instead of five and it still wasn’t enough. Christmas was coming and there was no money for toys. Clothes were a worry too.

On Christmas Eve the usual customers were drinking coffee in the Big Wheel. There were the truckers, Les, Frank, and Jim. These   9   all just sat around and talked. When it was time for me to go home, I found several boxes in my Chevy filled with little jeans, toys and an enormous turkey. I could not believe my eyes!

I was crying with gratitude. And I will never forget the joy on the faces of my little ones that   10   morning.

Yes, there were angels in Indiana that long-ago December morning. And they all hung out at the Big Wheel truck stop.

1. A. ignored  B. appreciated  C. feared  D. recognized

2. A. so   B. but   C. because  D. or

3. A. loaded  B. moved  C. invited  D. handed

4. A. question  B. teach   C. consult  D. convince

5. A. argued  B. bargained  C. agreed  D. planned

6. A. only  B. definitely  C. fully   D. clearly

7. A. dragged  B. rolled  C. directed  D. carried

8. A. prayed  B. concluded  C. announced  D. wondered

9. A. visitors  B. regulars  C. neighbors  D. strangers

10. A. comfortable B. satisfying  C. precious  D. educational

第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题 卡指定区域作答。

A

Humans like to live near rivers and they often find   11   (they) needing to cross them. The simplest way across a river is to ford it. Fording is to find   12   the river is shallow and cross it safely without using a boat. It means   13   (pretend) the river is not there, continuing to walk, and hoping for the best. But sometimes even water at shallow areas can be surprisingly dangerous,    14   is because it’s not always easy to tell how fast the water is moving. It only takes ankle-deep water to sweep a person off their feet.

B

Since last month, more than half of America’s school districts   15   (report) “severe” or “desperate” school bus driver shortages. Suffering like this makes them thankful for people like Michael Mason. Driving a school bus isn’t Michael Mason’s first job; he used to work for the government. But unlike many retirees, Mason is not sitting home and relaxing.     16     (lend) a helping hand, he started a new job—a bus driver. Mason hopes to inspire others in the community. He says, “I believe if all of us give a little something, we   17   (make) a difference in the world.”

C

Once upon a time, lighthouses, built to help guide ships away from dangerous rocks and reefs,   18   (locate) in wild, remote areas. They were considered     19     (lonely) places in the world to live and work. Today, with automatic lighting that can guide ships at sea, the lighthouse is a thing of the past. Still, many lighthouses throughout the world have been preserved   20   museums or important buildings. Some have even been turned into restaurants or hotels. They are places for people to visit and to go back in time.

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38 分）

第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

21. What information can we get from the advertisement?

A. The Ember Mug can keep drinks warm for a limited time.

B. It is impossible to skip advertisements while using Kindle Paperwhite.

C. Users know their family are thinking of them when the Friendship Lamp is on.

D. Clicking a button on the Esky receiver enables users to find things they’ve lost.

22. What feature do the four products have in common?

A. Online availability.  B. Easy operation.

C. Special discount.  D. Smartphone control.

23. Who is this advertisement intended for?

A. Family members wanting to buy gifts for their elders.

B. Sales people studying grandparents’ preferences.

C.Companies selling products to elderly people.

D. Grandparents favoring advanced technology.

B

My name is Stella Young. I grew up in a very small country town in Victoria. I had a very normal, low-key kind of upbringing. I went to school; I hung out with my friends; I fought with my younger sisters. It was all very normal. And when I was 15, a member of my local community approached my parents and wanted to submit my name for a community achievement award. My parents said, “Hmm, that’s really nice, but there’s kind of one obvious problem with that. She hasn’t actually achieved anything.” And they were right. You know I went to school, I got good marks, and I had a very low-key after-school job in my mum’s hairdressing salon.

Years later, I was on my second teaching round in a Melbourne high school, and I was about 20 minutes into a year-11 Legal Studies class when a boy put up his hand and said, “Hey Miss, when are you going to start your speech?”

And I said, “What speech?”

And he said, “You know, like, your motivational speaking. You know, when people in wheelchairs come to school, they usually say, like, inspirational stuff. It’s usually in the big hall.”

And that was the moment I realized that this kid had only ever experienced disabled people as objects of inspiration.

For lots of us, disabled people are not our teachers or our doctors. We’re not real people. We are there to inspire. Yeah, we’ve been sold the lie that disability is a bad thing, and to live with a disability makes you exceptional.

It’s not a bad thing, and it doesn’t make you exceptional. And in the past few years, we’ve been able to spread this lie even further through social media.

Life as a disabled person is actually somewhat difficult. We do overcome some things. But they have nothing to do with our bodies. I use the term “disabled people” purposely, because I subscribe to what’s called the social model of disability. This model tells us that we are more disabled by the society that we live in than by our bodies and our diagnoses (诊断).

I want to live in a world where we don’t have such low expectations of disabled people that we are congratulated for getting out of bed and remembering our own names in the morning. I want to live in a world where we value disabled people’s real achievement. And I want to live in a world where a year-11 kid in a Melbourne high school is not one bit surprised that his new teacher is a wheelchair user.

24. What can we learn from Stella Young in the first paragraph?

A. She couldn’t get along well with her friends and sisters.

B. She played a key role at her mum’s hairdressing salon.

C. She received an award for a great achievement.

D. She lived an ordinary life in a country town.

25. What can we infer from the dialogue between Stella Young and the boy?

A. The boy didn’t have much life experience.

B. People have fixed ideas about the disabled.

C. The disabled can’t find decent jobs because they are incapable.

D. Stella Young felt uncomfortable because of the boy’s impoliteness.

26. According to the passage, Stella Young may agree that ________.

A. social media offends the public by spreading lies about the disabled

B. the disabled are less likely to be successful in their careers

C. society’s attitude makes disabled people’s life difficult

D.people’s expectations of the disabled are too high

27. Which would be the best title for this passage?

A. On the journey to becoming exceptional

B. The secret behind my disability

C. Show sympathy to the disabled

D. I’m not your inspiration

C

Music is a powerful thing. It awakens feelings and has the power to bring people together. But today, artists are not known for their music, but for how flashy their clothing is and how many times their wealthy relatives can get them out of jail (监狱). And thus, their music is lost.

Pop and rap music has developed into a shallow, image-addicted industry that lines up with what the public wants to hear and see, removing the focus on the actual music. Mainstream music is no longer composed of emotion, but instead, themes of money and fame. Photos and rumors fly while the music is ignored.

Not all musical groups or individual artists begin like this. Many of these artists are original and talented, but turn to the money side. Often their songs are written by experts who know what is appealing to a certain age group, and the musicians’ faces can be seen on countless magazine covers. Soon their supposedly new and improved songs can be heard blasting out of car windows. But these songs are totally empty, lacking creativity and the original thirst of the artist to make an impact or convey (传递) a message.

MTV is not helping. It plays only what the public wants to hear. And unfortunately, the majority seems interested in either sickly sweet, generic pop or stereotypical (刻板的), bleeped-out rap. Kids and teens everywhere are swimming in these songs, which are often degrading to women and minorities, and inappropriate.

Almost all the girls in my dorm are addicted to the same songs. This was the case the previous year, and the year before that. Whenever I try to play music I enjoy, or introduce them to some decent songs, they say that everyone except me likes their music.

Why do most teenagers only listen to pop and rap music when so many other types exist? Maybe it’s because everywhere we look, we are bombarded with the same music: on the radio, on TV, on the computer. At school, pop and rap are discussed all the time. Perhaps they have never listened to anything else. Or maybe peer pressure is part of it.

There is no solution to the “pop problem”. It’s called popular for a reason—many people enjoy it. There’s no easy way to change their views. My suggestion is not to buy music like this when you can explore something new. Expand your horizons. Dig up your parents’ old records and CDs. You never know what you might find.

28. The author probably prefers ________.

A. new pop songs meant for girls

B. original songs with deep meaning

C. catchy songs produced by popular singers

D. never-heard-before songs just recently discovered

29. What can we learn from the passage?

A. Many artists trade creativity for wealth and fame.

B. The public is responsible for the existence of music.

C. MTV promotes the songs favored by women and minorities.

D. Musicians singing about money is an ineffective way to attract fans.

30. What is most probably the author’s suggestion for young people?

A. Try to respect your peers’ music tastes.

B. Deal with the “pop problem” patiently.

C. Expose yourself to various music styles.

D. Treasure the music from previous generations.

D

NASA will crash a spacecraft into an asteroid (小行星) to try to change its orbit, attempting to prevent humans going the same way as the dinosaurs.

Earth is constantly being disturbed by small pieces of debris (碎片), but they usually burn up or break up long before they hit the ground. Once in a while, however, something large enough to do significant damage makes impact. About 66 million years ago, one such crash is thought to have wiped out the dinosaurs. Someday, something similar could end human beings—unless we can find a way to tackle it.

NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (Dart) mission is the first attempt to test if such asteroid redirection is a realistic strategy: investigating whether a spacecraft can autonomously reach a target asteroid and intentionally crash into it, as well as measuring the amount of redirection. “If it works, it would be a big deal, because it would prove that we have the technical capability of protecting ourselves,” said Jay Tate, the director of the National Near Earth Object Information Center.

The 610kg Dart spacecraft is scheduled to be launched at the target—the Didymos system—a harmless pair of asteroids consisting of a 163-metre “moonlet” asteroid called Dimorphos that orbits a larger 780-metre asteroid called Didymos (Greek for “twin”). The plan is to crash the spacecraft into Dimorphos when the asteroid system is at its closest to Earth—about 6.8 million miles away.

About 10 days before impact, a miniaturized satellite called LiciaCube will separate from the main spacecraft, enabling images of the impact to be relayed back to Earth. Combined with observations from ground-based telescopes, and an onboard camera that will record the final moments before the crash, these recordings will enable scientists to calculate the degree to which the impact has changed Dimorphos’s orbit. The expectation is that it will change the speed of the smaller asteroid by approximately 1% and reduce its orbit around the larger asteroid.

Then, in November 2024, the European Space Agency’s Hera spacecraft will visit the Didymos system and conduct a further close-up analysis of the consequences of this snooker (斯诺克) game, recording details such as the precise makeup and internal structure of Dimorphos, and the size and shape of the hole left by Dart. Such details are vital for transforming asteroid redirection into a repeatable technique.

Even then, it is impossible that any single redirection strategy would be enough. “The problem is that no two asteroids or comets are alike, and how you redirect one depends on a huge number of variables. There is no silver bullet in this game. What you need is a whole folder of different redirection methods for different types of targets,” said Tate.

So, while this may be one small step towards planetary protection, many more are likely to be necessary to avoid destruction.

31. What is the purpose of Paragraph 2?

A. To examine the impact of dinosaurs’ extinction.

B. To explain the necessity of launching a spacecraft.

C. To show the damage caused by small pieces of debris.

D. To highlight the crisis threatening human beings at present.

32. Which of the following pictures illustrates the mission?

33. What is the function of LiciaCube?

A. Sending impact data back to Earth.

B. Calculating the length of Dimorphos’s orbit.

C. Helping the satellite separate from the spacecraft.

D. Recording the scientists’ ground-based observations.

34. What does the underlined sentence “There is no silver bullet in this game” mean?

A. There is no challenge too big to overcome.

B. There is no possibility to satisfy NASA’s needs.

C. There is no single solution to the complex problem.

D. There is no strategy to help make an obvious decision.

第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 

Usually when someone is disgusted by something, he feels it is unpleasant and stays away from it, so disgust mostly protects people from getting sick. However, getting a little dirty can have its advantages. Studies show that kids under age one who physically interact with a dog will have a 13% reduction in the likelihood of developing asthma, a breathing problem.

In the late 1860s, Charles Darwin proposed that being disgusted could have a developmental purpose.    35    He guessed that the early humans most likely to feel disgusted survived to pass on their genes (基因), while the more nutritionally daring died off.

   36   It wasn’t until the early 1990s, a time when gameshows eagerly slimed contestants, that disgust got more attention in psychological and behavioral research. Since then, scientists have identified different types of disgust and have explored how they affect the way we behave.

The research shows that Darwin was basically right: disgust is a major part of the behavioral immune system that protects people from disease, a collection of actions influenced by some of the most natural reactions that keep our bodies in superior condition. We already know that not all germs (病菌) are bad for us.    37    Science also tells us that getting a bit dirty helps people more readily fight disease.

“Disgust is associated with fewer infections, so it is a helpful emotion in disease-relevant contexts,” says Joshua Ackerman, an associate professor of psychology at the University of Michigan. However, he says it can be a double-edged sword.      38 And some of those things could actually improve our health.

   39    Disgust is part of society’s balance. Too little, and we might get sick. Too much of it can harm our health. Figuring out this complex problem could help researchers understand a variety of human behaviors.

A. They work with our body to maintain a balance.

B. They were quite certain that being disgusted could benefit people.

C. Nobody is quite sure whether disgust is a positive or negative thing.

D. For many years afterward, though, scientists didn’t pay much attention to disgust.

E. What he means is that it’s also associated with dislike for unfamiliar things, like food.

F. Disgust became advanced to prevent our ancestors from eating spoiled food that might kill them.

G. Researchers across fields continue to explore disgust so we can better understand our world and ourselves.

第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32 分）

第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分， 共12 分）

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

A new study asks the question: Do conversations end when people want them to? The answer is no.

The study included two parts.

The first part was an online survey that asked 806 people whether there was a moment recently they had wanted to end a conversation with a close friend and to estimate when that moment was in relation to when the talk reached its conclusion. The second part involved 252 people paired up with strangers in a lab to chat about whatever they felt like for anywhere between one and 45 minutes.

67 percent of the respondents in the first part of the study said they wanted the conversation to end before it actually did, and most had secretly wished the chat had been either 50 percent longer or 50 percent shorter than it was.

 “Whatever you think the other person wants, you may well be wrong,” says Adam Mastroianni, a psychology researcher at Harvard University and the study’s lead author. “So you might as well leave when it seems appropriate, because it’s better to be left wanting more than less.”

In the second part of the study, nearly 70 percent of the people reported wanting the conversation to be over before it ended. Just two percent of the conversations wrapped up at a time both people were happy with, and 30 percent of them ended when one of the parties wanted.

The researchers also asked study participants to guess when their conversational partners had wanted to stop talking. Those guesses were wrong, either over or underestimating the other person’s desire to continue the talk, by about 64 percent of the conversation’s actual length.

Taken together, the results suggest that we aren’t very skilled at estimating each others’ desires about when to end a conversation.

Thalia Wheatley, a social psychologist at Dartmouth College says the findings are important, adding that conversations are “an elegant expression of joint cooperation”. However, she says, “It all falls apart at the end because we just can’t figure out when to stop.”

Mastroianni says his takeaway is that trying to guess what someone you’re chatting with wants is almost pointless. “You really have no idea when the other person wants to go. So maybe, stop trying and just relax and enjoy the conversation.”

40. Where were the two parts of the study carried out?

41. In what way were the participants’ guesses wrong in the second part of the study? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.

It’s easy to find a proper time to end a conversation with a close friend.

43. If you desire to end a conversation, would you tell the other person directly? Why or why not?  (In about 40 words)

第二节（20 分） 

假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校将在暑期举办英语夏令营活动,正在招募外籍志愿者担任助教。请给你的英国朋友 Jim 写封邮件,希望他参加招募，

内容包括： 

1.夏令营相关信息；

2.外籍助教的职责。 

注意：1.词数 100左右；

2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Jim,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Yours,

Li Hua

（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）