2022北京顺义区高三二模英语试题含答案

这是一份2022北京顺义区高三二模英语试题含答案，文件包含2022届北京市顺义区高三第二次统练英语试题解析版docx、精品解析2022届北京市顺义区高三第二次统练英语试题原卷版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共31页， 欢迎下载使用。
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I lve animals. S when Dr. Vannini said his vet hspital needed help, I was ___1___.
I vlunteered t clean up and help in several medical prcedures. But the mment I will never ___2___ came when an emergency was rushed thrugh the frnt dr.
A retriever (寻回犬)was in deep ___3___. A check-up revealed that she had a baby develping in her bdy but n heartbeat culd be detected. It was assumed that her puppy (小狗) had nt ___4___. The retriever wuld need immediate ___5___ t save her life. I culdn’t take my eyes ff Dr. Vannini’s hands as she stpped the bleeding and repaired the dg’s vital rgans.
Near the end f the surgery, smething caught my eye. I thught I saw the ___6___ puppy mve. I culdn’t keep still and whispered. The puppy had indeed shwn a spark (火花) f life! We ___7___ tk actin. Sn, he was up and mving. It was a(n)___8___ feeling t hld this new life in my hands.
The experience was especially meaningful fr me because a week earlier I had witnessed the ___9___, the end f life. My belved dg, Scamper, finally died f a lifelng weakness f heart. He almst _____10_____ it t six. Scamper was a great dg, a true friend, and I will never frget him. Seeing the new puppy and his mther leave the hspital is smething I will never frget either.
1. A. shckedB. puzzledC. delightedD. depressed
2. A. suspectB. frgetC. encunterD. seize
3. A. cnfusinB. thughtC. sufferingD. srrw
4. A. survivedB. jumpedC. barkedD. waked
5. A. supprtB. respnseC. cmfrtD. surgery
6. A. hmelessB. lifelessC. carelessD. faultless
7. A. quicklyB. finallyC. sftlyD. rughly
8 A. ashamedB. frmalC. bredD. incredible
9. A. eventB. grwthC. ppsiteD. accident
10. A. madeB. gaveC. liftedD. held
【1~10题答案】
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在宠物医院里救助一只寻回犬的经历。
【1题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以当凡尼尼医生说他的兽医医院需要帮助时，我很高兴。A. shcked惊讶的；B. puzzled困惑的；C. delighted开心的；D. depressed沮丧的。根据前句“I lve animals.”（我爱动物）可知，作者很喜欢动物，所以当兽医医院有需要，作者很高兴前往帮忙。故选C项。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我永远不会忘记紧急情况从前门冲进来的那一刻。A. suspect怀疑；B. frget忘记；C. encunter偶遇；D. seize抓住。根据前句“I vlunteered t clean up and help in several medical prcedures.”（我自愿打扫卫生，并在几个医疗程序中帮忙）结合下文讲述救助一只寻回犬的故事可知，作者在兽医医院做了很多事情，但是这一件是最令他难忘的。故选B项。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一只寻回犬痛苦万分。A. cnfusin困惑；B. thught想法；C. suffering痛苦；D. srrw悲伤。根据后文“A check-up revealed that she had a baby develping in her bdy but n heartbeat culd be detected.”（一项检查显示，她的身体里有一个正在发育的婴儿，但没有检测到心跳）可知，这只寻回犬现在正在遭受巨大的痛苦。故选C项。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：据推测，她的小狗没有活下来。A. survived幸存；B. jumped跳跃；C. barked犬吠；D. waked醒来。根据前句“A check-up revealed that she had a baby develping in her bdy but n heartbeat culd be detected.”（一项检查显示，她的身体里有一个正在发育的婴儿，但没有检测到心跳）可知，作者兽医推测的小宝宝没有活下来。故选A项。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这只寻回犬需要立即进行手术才能挽救生命。 A. supprt支持；B. respnse反应；C. cmfrt安慰；D. surgery手术。根据前句“A retriever（寻回犬）was in deep ___3___. ”（一只寻回犬痛苦万分）以及“A check-up revealed that she had a baby develping in her bdy but n heartbeat culd be detected.”（一项检查显示，她的身体里有一个正在发育的婴儿，但没有检测到心跳）可知，这只寻回犬需要立即手术才能活下来。故选D项。
【6题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我想我看到了那只毫无生气的小狗在动。A. hmeless无家可归的；B. lifeless无生命的；C. careless粗心的；D. faultless完美的。根据上文“ It was assumed that her puppy (小狗) had nt 4 . ）可知，之前作者和兽医都认为寻回犬肚子里的宝宝没有生命了。故选B项。
【7题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们快速采取行动。A. quickly快速地；B. finally最终；C. sftly轻柔地；D. rughly粗略地。根据前句“The puppy had indeed shwn a spark（火花）f life!”（这只小狗确实表现出了生命的火花!）可知，之前意为死在狗妈妈肚子里的宝宝，显示出了生命的迹象，所以医生们快速行动去救它。故选A项。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一种难以置信的感觉，把这个新生命握在我的手中。A. ashamed羞耻的；B. frmal正式的；C. bred无聊的；D. incredible难以置信的。根据前句“Sn, he was up and mving.”（很快，他就站起来走动了）可知，小狗出生后很快起来并可以动，这让作者感觉难以置信。故选D项。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这次经历对我来说意义非凡，因为一个星期前我看到了相反的情况——生命的终结。A. event事件；B. grwth成长；C. ppsite对立面；D. accident事故。结合后文“the end f life”（生命的终结）可知，前后是相反的关系。故选C项。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他差点活到六岁。A. made使成功；B. gave给；C. lifted升起；D. held握。根据前文“My belved dg, Scamper, finally died f a lifelng weakness f heart.”（我心爱的狗，斯坎普，最终死于伴随其一生的心脏衰弱）可知，作者的狗刚刚死去，它差点就成功活到六岁了。故选A项。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Wrld Health Day is celebrated every year n April 7, the funding day f the WHO.____11____ (establish) in 1950, this event has a theme each year t draw attentin t a current wrld health issue. The day is als used t highlight the ____12____ (imprtant) f persnal health. Fr cmmn peple, we can take sme extra steps ____13____ (care) fr ur health like getting a gym membership (and ging!) r starting a diet.
【11~13题答案】
【答案】11. Established
12. imprtance
13. t care
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界卫生日宗旨和意义。
【11题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这一活动成立于1950年，每年都有一个主题，以引起人们对当前世界卫生问题的关注。此处为非谓语动词作状语，this event与establish之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词表被动，故填Established。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：这一天也用来强调个人健康的重要性。此处缺少名词作动词highlight的宾语，表抽象意义，不可数，故填imprtance。
【13题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：对于普通人来说，我们可以采取一些额外的措施来照顾我们的健康，比如申请一个健身房的会员(并坚持去！)或开始节食。此处表目的，用不定式作目的状语，故填t care。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In March 2018, a cuple pened the first Zer Green in Bristl,____14____ (sell) fd and husehld items entirely withut packaging. Shppers ____15____ (encurage) t bring their wn cntainers t take their shpping hme. Althugh there was a lt f trial and errr, plus additinal challenges, they believe ____16____ they are ding is a sustainable business mdel.
【14~16题答案】
【答案】14. selling
15. are encuragedwere encuraged
16. what
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一对夫妇在布里斯托尔开了一家Zer Green，销售完全没有包装的食物和家居用品。虽然有很多尝试和错误，但他们认为这是一个可持续的商业模式。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：2018年3月，一对夫妇在布里斯托尔开设了第一家Zer Green，销售食品和家居用品，完全没有包装。句中已有谓语动pened其无连词，空处应用非谓语动词作状语，a cuple和sell之间为逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填selling。
【15题详解】
考查动词语态。句意：购物者被鼓励自己带购物容器来把物品带回家。主语shppers和encurage之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；此处可理解为陈述该店的一条规则，用一般现在时的被动语态；也可理解为陈述过去的事实，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，故填are encuragedwere encuraged。
【16题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：虽然有很多尝试和错误，加上额外的挑战，他们相信他们正在做的是一个可持续的商业模式。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，且指代“他们做的事情”，应用连接代词what。故填what。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Ski jumping ____17____ (feature) in each Winter Olympics since 1924. Cmpared with ther ski sprts, ski jumping is ____18____ (safe) because it’s a single and independent actin. Ski jumpers need t jump ff a high platfrm alne,____19____ requires a strng will and fcus. In additin t mental strength, flexibility is vital ____20____ ski jumpers. They need t stretch ut their bdies and keep a psture fr a lng time while ging dwn frm a ramp.
【17~20题答案】
【答案】17. has featured
18. safer 19. which
20. fr
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。自1924年以来，跳台滑雪一直是冬奥会的特色项目。文章主要介绍了跳台滑雪的一些特点。
【17题详解】
考查时态。句意：自1924年以来，跳台滑雪一直是冬奥会的特色项目。根据后文since 1924可知，应用现在完成时，主语为Ski jumping，助动词用has。故填has featured。
【18题详解】
考查比较级。句意：与其他滑雪运动相比，跳台滑雪更安全，因为它是一个单独的、独立的动作。根据上文Cmpared with ther ski sprts可知，safe应用比较级形式。故填safer。
【19题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：跳台滑雪运动员需要独自从很高的平台上跳下去，这需要坚强的意志和专注力。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰上文整个句子，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
【20题详解】
考查介词。句意：对于跳台滑雪运动员来说，除了精神力量外，柔韧性也是至关重要的。表示“对……至关重要”短语为be vital fr。故填fr。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Make It Mdular: Student Design Challenge!
Imagine yur cmmunity as a material bank, rich with resurces t reuse. Hw culd yu imprve the built envirnment by upcycling waste, circulating (循环) existing materials, r regenerating nature? Yur challenge is t design a structure that meets a need in yur cmmunity nw but culd als be repurpsed later.
“Designing fr decnstructin” invlves a mdular apprach in which building elements culd be easily recnfigured, reimagined, and repurpsed ver time.
Yur design shuld:
•Include an apprximately 20’ lng x 8’ wide x 9.6’ high vlumetric mdule
•Be relevant t ne f the fllwing uses:
*Affrdable Husing
*Cvid-era Public Space
*Reimagined Outdr Classrm
•Apprach the task with a real-wrld perspective, demnstrating skills and knwledge frm ne r mre f the fllwing fields: architecture, engineering, cnstructin, and/r the skilled trades
Requirements:
1. Open t students ages 13-21 and currently enrlled (入学)in high schl r hmeschled.
2. All entries MUST share the entrant’s grade level in the intrductry step.
3. Submissins must be entered between March 7, 2022, and June 20, 2022.
If yu have never psted an Instructable befre, please refer t Hw t Write an Instructable guide fr mre infrmatin.
The prizes are intended as schlarship funds t supprt the winners’ educatin, such as tuitin, bks, rm & bard r transprtatin.
Entries will be judged based n the fllwing criteria:
*3D Digital Literacy (能力)and Design;
*Engineering Mindset;
*Real-wrld Relevance;
*Presentatin.
Read the full cntest rules fr mre details.
21. Accrding t the passage, the designs can______.
A. be used nw and repurpsed laterB. be placed in a material bank
C. be submitted n August 20, 2022D. be related t art and literature
22. If a student has never psted an Instructable befre, what shuld he r she d?
A. Cntact the rganizers.B. Quit the design cntest.
C. Refer t an nline guide.D. Read the full cntest rules.
23. What can winners d with the prizes?
A. T enrll in a high schl.B. T pay fr tuitin and bks.
C. T plish his presentatin.D. T imprve the built envirnment.
【21~23题答案】
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要告知学生一个模块设计比赛，包括对设计和参赛者的要求，奖金如何利用以及评判方式。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“Yur challenge is t design a structure that meets a need in yur cmmunity nw but culd als be repurpsed later.(你面临的挑战是设计一个既能满足社区需求，又能在以后重新调整用途的结构)”可知，设计要能够满足现在使用和以后重新利用。故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三部分“If yu have never psted an Instructable befre, please refer t Hw t Write an Instructable guide fr mre infrmatin.(如果你以前从未发布过可指导的指南，请参阅 Hw t Write an Instructable的指南以了解更多信息)”可知，如果一个学生从来没有发布过可指导的指南，那么他/她应该参阅一个在线指南。故选C。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二部分“The prizes are intended as schlarship funds t supprt the winners’ educatin, such as tuitin, bks, rm & bard r transprtatin.(奖金用于资助获奖者的教育，如学费、书费、食宿费、交通费等)”可知，获奖者可以把奖金用于支付学费、书本费和交通食宿费。故选B。
B
William Flaherty was diagnsed (诊断)with HLH when he was 3. It’s an ften-fatal disease where the immune (免疫的)system attacks the bdy’s rgans.
The dctr gave William 9.5 (n a scale f 1 t 10, 1 is yu’re super healthy and 10 is yu’re dead), which hit the family. There were days when they didn’t knw if he wuld live thrugh. In April f 2008, William gt a bne-marrw (骨髓)transplant frm his lder brther Charles. The recver frm it tk lng. He had a lt f aftereffects and even had 22 f his teeth pulled. At five, William skied fr the first time. It helped a lt with lw bne density (密度)and gt him back in gd shape.
One year later, William mved t Puert Ric and fell in lve with the island. When he brught up t represent Puert Ric in Alpine skiing, his friends laughed. Puert Ric desn’t have snw. But William didn’t quit.
Hwever, it was tugh fr William t balance his training with medical appintments and ging t schl. S he did a schl prgram ttally nline. He went t a lt f camps and there were lts f early mrnings like 4:00 AM alarm clck. But he has managed t maintain straight As since halfway thrugh third grade and he plans t head t cllege t study aerspace engineering.
Even a cld can lay him up fr tw weeks, s William tk extra pre-cautins ver the last tw years. While training, he wre an N95 mask the whle time and culdn’t ride the lift with anyne. After training, he came hme directly, hid in his bedrm and stayed away frm peple.
In 2022, the 17-year-ld by has had mre than 30 peratins. Having prepared fr 7 years he finally made it t the starting line at Beijing Olympics.
“Skiing is really helpful because it frces me t fcus n ne thing,” he said. “I really want t prve t all the ther transplant survivrs that they can d whatever they want in life.”
24. Why did William Flaherty start skiing at the age f five?
A. T imprve health.B. T entertain himself.
C. T fllw his family.D. T jin in the Olympics.
25. Why did William decide t represent Puert Ric in Alpine skiing?
A. Because his friends supprted him.
B. Because he lved skiing and Puert Ric.
C. Because that culd help him enter a gd cllege.
D. Because Puert Ric had better training envirnment.
26. Which f the fllwing can best describe William Flaherty?
A. Brave and kind.B. Hpeful and helpful.
C. Passinate and shy.D. Optimistic and hardwrking.
27. Which wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A. Skiing Life f a Teenager.B. Preparing Well fr the Olympics.
C. Surviving frm Severe Illness.D. Defeating Disease t Deliver Hpe.
【24~27题答案】
【答案】24. A 25. B 26. D 27. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要介绍了从小患致命疾病的William Flaherty在五岁时爱上了滑雪，通过自己的努力和坚持终于站在了2022北京冬奥会的起跑线。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“At five, William skied fr the first time. It helped a lt with lw bne density (密度) and gt him back in gd shape.（5岁时，威廉第一次滑雪。这对骨密度低的他很有帮助，让他恢复了良好的状态）”可知，William Flaherty在五岁时开始滑雪是为了改善健康。故选A。
【25题详解】
细节理解题，根据第三段的“One year later, William mved t Puert Ric and fell in lve with the island. When he brught up t represent Puert Ric in Alpine skiing, his friends laughed. Puert Ric desn’t have snw. But William didn’t quit.（一年后，威廉搬到了波多黎各，并爱上了这个岛屿。当他提出要代表波多黎各参加高山滑雪比赛时，他的朋友们都笑了。波多黎各没有雪。但是威廉并没有放弃）”可知，William Flaherty决定代表波多黎各参加高山滑雪是因为他喜欢滑雪并且也喜欢波多黎各。故选B。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Hwever, it was tugh fr William t balance his training with medical appintments and ging t schl. S he did a schl prgram ttally nline. He went t a lt f camps and there were lts f early mrnings like 4:00 AM alarm clck. But he has managed t maintain straight As since halfway thrugh third grade and he plans t head t cllege t study aerspace engineering.（然而，威廉很难在训练、医疗预约和上学之间找到平衡。因此他完全在网上上课。他去了很多营地，很多时候都是凌晨四点闹钟就响了。但从三年级开始，他的成绩一直保持在A，他计划去大学学习航空航天工程）”可知，虽然身患疾病但William Flaherty努力学习，和训练，并且学习优异，故推知，William Flaherty非常刻苦、努力。根据倒数第一段的“I really want t prve t all the ther transplant survivrs that they can d whatever they want in life.（我真的想向所有其他移植幸存者证明他们可以做任何他们想做的事）”可知，William Flaherty想用自己的故事鼓励其他移植幸存者，故推知，William Flaherty很乐观。故选D。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了从小患致命疾病的William Flaherty在五岁时爱上了滑雪，通过自己的努力和坚持，在7年的准备后终于站在了2022北京冬奥会的起跑线。故D项“战胜疾病带来希望”可以作为最佳标题。故选D。
C
An ageing ppulatin is a glbal phenmenn. Cuntries are lking fr the balm t address the demands f a swelling elderly cmmunity.
Many natins are threatened by a shrtage f healthcare wrkers because f unenviable tasks such as bathing, feeding and changing the diapers. Advancements in technlgy nw present an innvative slutin t this. Japan has nw develped carebts, specially-designed rbts, t replace human caregivers. Japan is als wrking at mre crdinated care fr the elderly within the cmmunity which includes the integratin f hspitals, hmecare, elderly care centres and nursing hmes. Putting in place a system that can effectively track and retrieve the medical histry f every elderly persn, Japan leverages technlgy t prvide quality healthcare fr the senirs.
The unique feature abut Sweden is that mst f the elderly live in their wn hmes where they cntinue t enjy living independently. Lcal gvernments allcate funds and manage services while citizens have the freedm t chse the type f hme services and their service prvider. They can apply fr hmecare services including delivering meals t hmes, hanging curtains, changing light bulbs etc. In Sweden, the fcus is als n preventive care—keeping the elderly healthy. The elderly wh are ill are nt just given medicines but als a specific type f physical activity, where their dctrs als mnitr the utcme.
Singapre als prvides mre hmecare services and day-care centres where the lder peple can g fr rehabilitative and scial activities. Besides, the gvernment is creating mre dementia-friendly cmmunities, where supprt cmes frm the cmmunity. Varius peple within a cmmunity like plicemen, shpkeepers and ther vlunteers are trained t assist the elderly with dementia (痴呆). With greater cmmunity awareness and supprt, it is mre plausible fr a dementia sufferer t stay at hme instead f a nursing hme.
In ur search fr the best mdel t meet the demands f a burgening ageing ppulatin, let us keep in mind that there is n ne-size-fits-all slutin. What is imprtant is shuldering the respnsibilities f caring fr them and ensuring them t age well and cmfrtably.
28. Hw des Japan deal with the prblem f the shrtage f healthcare wrkers?
A. By ffering quality healthcare fr the senirs.
B. By tracking the medical histry f every elderly persn.
C. By develping rbts prgrammed with caregiving functins.
D. By integrating places like hspitals, hmecare, and nursing hmes.
29. Accrding t the passage, what d Sweden and Singapre have in cmmn?
A. Optinal care services are bth prvided free.
B. Independent living is respected and supprted.
C. Preventive care fr the elderly is highly valued.
D. Scial activities and vluntary help are enjyed.
30. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. Mdels fr giving the elderly care.
B. Cuntries with an ageing ppulatin.
C. Respnsibilities f caring fr the elderly.
D. Demands f a grwing elderly cmmunity.
【28~30题答案】
【答案】28. C 29. B 30. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在人口老龄化背景下日本、瑞典、和新加坡所采用的养老模式。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“Many natins are threatened by a shrtage f healthcare wrkers because f unenviable tasks such as bathing, feeding and changing the diapers. Japan has nw develped carebts, specially-designed rbts, t replace human caregivers. （许多国家都面临医疗工作者短缺的威胁，因为这些工作都不值得羡慕，比如洗澡、喂奶和换尿布。日本现在已经开发了专门设计的机器人——carebts，以取代人类护理者）”可知，日本通过开发具有护理功能的机器人来应对医疗工作者短缺的问题。故选C。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“The unique feature abut Sweden is that mst f the elderly live in their wn hmes where they cntinue t enjy living independently.（瑞典的独特之处在于，大多数老年人都住在自己的家里，他们继续享受独立生活）”和第四段的“With greater cmmunity awareness and supprt, it is mre plausible fr a dementia sufferer t stay at hme instead f a nursing hme.（有了更大的社区意识和支持，痴呆症患者更有可能呆在家里，而不是疗养院）”可知，瑞典和和新加坡的相似之处是独立生活收到尊重和支持。故选B。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“An ageing ppulatin is a glbal phenmenn. Cuntries are lking fr the balm t address the demands f a swelling elderly cmmunity.（人口老龄化是一个全球现象。各国都在寻找这种灵丹妙药，以满足日益增长的老年群体的需求）”和最后一段的“In ur search fr the best mdel t meet the demands f a burgening ageing ppulatin, let us keep in mind that there is n ne-size-fits-all slutin. What is imprtant is shuldering the respnsibilities f caring fr them and ensuring them t age well and cmfrtably.（在我们寻求最佳模式以应付日益增长的老龄化人口的需求时，我们必须牢记，没有放之四海而皆准的解决办法。重要的是肩负起照顾他们的责任，确保他们健康舒适地老去）”并结合文章第二到第四段分别介绍日本、瑞典和新加坡应对人口老龄化问题可知，本文主要介绍了在人口老龄化背景下的养老模式。故选A。
D
An ecnmist, Adam Smith, famusly wrte that “it is nt frm the benevlence (慈善)f the butcher, the brewer r the baker, that we expect ur dinner, but frm their regard t their wn self-interest.” Like Smith, many ecnmists tday believe that ne’s self-interest is what drives cmpetitin and grwth in market ecnmies. Yet, in an increasingly intercnnected sciety, it is even mre crucial t have cllabrative skills. Thus we shuld encurage cperatin t better prepare children fr the future.
Firstly, in the present age marked by the transfrmative ptential f technlgy t facilitate interactins, cperatin is an especially prized sft skill t have. As a research study prves, sft skills such as gd cmmunicatin and empathy cnsist f qualitative indicatrs f utstanding emplyees as cmpared t technical skills r knwledge. In cntrast, excessively (过分地)cmpetitive and individualistic behaviur may fracture scial relatins in the cmmunity f c-wrkers and since n man is an island, even the mst cmpetent emplyee will nt be able t pursue his gals effectively withut the help f thers wh are able t share a cmmn visin and understanding.
Mrever, encuraging cperatin increase a healthy sense f self-esteem in children that better prepares them fr the cmpetitive wrking wrld. Many mdern scieties tday are cnsumed by an bsessive drive fr success and the pressure t perfrm has infiltrated bth classrms and ffices alike. The cnsequences f the fierce cmpetitive culture include higher rates f anxiety and depressin amng university students and ffice wrkers, which are all cunterprductive. Teamwrk can help a maturing individual realise that each has his r her wn unique set f abilities t bring t the table and that anther persn’s strengths d nt in any way diminish (降低)the value f his r her talents. Thus, cperatin can affirm the self-wrth f children by crrecting the vilent insight that winning r paper achievement is an exclusive (唯一)measure f success in life.
Hwever, critics may claim that in a cutthrat wrld, adapting t cmpetitin shuld be f supreme pririty in educatin and parenting. T achieve ne’s deepest ambitins, such as t becme a medical student, r t create a tech start-up, ne has t adpt cmpetitin by actively fighting fr pprtunities and distinguishing neself frm thers. Nevertheless, since passin can already stimulate children t wrk hard t fulfill their ambitins, the need t encurage cmpetitin may be at the end f the day. As much as external cmpetitin can drive peple t pursue excellence, internal mtivatin is at least equally r arguably even mre essential, and cllabratin plays an instrumental rle in helping ne uncver ne’s tendency and mtivatins.
31. What can be inferred frm Adam Smith’s wrds?
A. Our sciety is increasingly intercnnected.
B. Our dinner is made ut f the regards t markets.
C. Self-interest pushes the develpment f ecnmies.
D. The butcher, the brewer r the baker is nt sympathy.
32. What des the underlined wrd “fracture” mean in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. Deepen.B. Establish.C. Maintain.D. Damage.
33. Which f the fllwing might the authr agree with?
A. Paper achievement is an exclusive measure f success.
B. Cnfidence and ambitins can be achieved thrugh cperatin.
C Actively fighting fr distinguishing neself is a healthy cmpetitin.
D. Cmpetitin is nt essential fr peple t pursue excellence.
34. What is the authr’s purpse f writing this passage?
A. T intrduce parents the advantages f cperatin.
B. T infrm parents t balance cperatin and cmpetitin.
C. T persuade parents t care abut their children’s educatin.
D. T tell parents t encurage their children t learn t cperate.
【31~34题答案】
【答案】31. C 32. D 33. B 34. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章从三个方面陈述了合作精神对孩子的重要性，并呼吁父母鼓励他们的孩子学会合作。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Like Smith, many ecnmists tday believe that ne’s self-interest is what drives cmpetitin and grwth in market ecnmies. (像史密斯一样，今天的许多经济学家认为，在市场经济中，个人利益是推动竞争和增长的因素)”可知，像史密斯一样，今天很多经济学家认为个人利益是推动经济增长的因素。由此推知，史密斯的那句话“it is nt frm the benevlence (慈善)f the butcher, the brewer r the baker, that we expect ur dinner, but frm their regard t their wn self-interest.(我们期待晚餐，不是因为屠夫、酿酒商或面包师的仁慈，而是因为他们对自身利益的考虑)”意在说明个人利益推动经济的发展。故选C。
【32题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段的“As a research study prves, sft skills such as gd cmmunicatin and empathy cnsist f qualitative indicatrs f utstanding emplyees as cmpared t technical skills r knwledge.(一项研究表明，与技术技能或知识相比，良好的沟通和同理心等软技能构成了优秀员工的质量指标)”结合in cntrast可知，下文内容应与上文形成对比。由此猜测划线部分所在句子“excessively (过分地)cmpetitive and individualistic behaviur may fracture scial relatins in the cmmunity f c-wrkers and since n man is an island”意为“过度竞争和个人主义行为可能会破坏同事社区中的社会关系”，即fracture意为“破坏”，与damage同义。故选D。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“Mrever, encuraging cperatin increase a healthy sense f self-esteem in children that better prepares them fr the cmpetitive wrking wrld. (此外，鼓励合作能增进儿童的健康自尊感，使他们更好地为竞争激烈的工作世界做好准备)”和最后一段的“Nevertheless, since passin can already stimulate children t wrk hard t fulfill their ambitins, the need t encurage cmpetitin may be at the end f the day. As much as external cmpetitin can drive peple t pursue excellence, internal mtivatin is at least equally r arguably even mre essential, and cllabratin plays an instrumental rle in helping ne uncver ne’s tendency and mtivatins.(然而，既然激情已经能激励孩子们努力工作以实现他们的雄心壮志，鼓励竞争的需要可能是在一天结束的时候。就像外部竞争可以驱使人们追求卓越一样，内部动机至少是同等重要的，甚至可以说更重要，合作在帮助人们发现自己的倾向和动机方面发挥了重要作用)”推知，作者认为信心和雄心可以通过合作来实现。故选B。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要说明了培养合作精神对孩子的重要性：是一种非常重要的软技能，能帮助孩子建立信心，有助于孩子实现雄心。结合第一段的“Yet, in an increasingly intercnnected sciety, it is even mre crucial t have cllabrative skills. Thus we shuld encurage cperatin t better prepare children fr the future.(然而，在一个日益相互关联的社会中，拥有协作技能更为关键。因此，我们应该鼓励合作，让儿童更好地为未来做好准备)”推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是呼吁父母鼓励他们的孩子学会合作。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When yu need t find a slutin t a design prblem, yu culd ask yurself, “What animals r plants face a similar prblem in their lives, and hw d they handle it?”____35____ Termites (白蚁) in Africa cntrl the temperature and air currents in their nests by having thick walls and air spaces in the tp part. The Eastgate Centre in Harare, Zimbabwe was designed in a similar way, with thick verhangs shading the windws, and all the ffices cnnected t a big chimney letting ht air escape. This allws it t stay cl while using much less air-cnditining.____36____
Engineer Nakatsu als asked himself the same questin.____37____ A keen birdwatcher, Nakatsu realised that kingfishers als experience an abrupt pressure change when diving int the water, but their beaks allw them t pierce thrugh the water smthly. His team fund that putting a lng, pinted nse n the train greatly reduced the lud bms in the tunnel and allwed it t run faster.
Having a big picture f the wrld we live in als helps us understand hw technlgy can be used t prtect instead f destry it.____38____ On the ther hand, plastic packaging creates a lt f waste and pllutin. One cmpany has cme up with an alternative material made f cm husk waste and sme big cmpanies are starting t use it.
____39____ Nakatsu wrries that children tday d nt have the pprtunity t tuch and feel nature. He advises that students in university shuld study mre than ne narrw field s that they d nt just have ne fixed way f thinking.
A. In nature, everything gets recycled.
B. T mimic (模仿) nature, we must be familiar with it.
C. It turns ut that natural beauty ften has a lgical reasn behind it.
D. Large cities full f peple are ften cmpared t ants’ clnies (群).
E. This idea was used t arrange hundreds f mirrrs at a slar pwer plant.
F. It culd be a gd slutin fr the ht and crwded cities in Sutheast Asia t.
G. His prblem was that the pressure frm a bullet train rushing int a tunnel at high speed caused lud nises.
【35~39题答案】
【答案】35. D 36. F 37. G 38. A 39. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们可以从大自然中吸取灵感，以便用更环保的方式解决我们所面临的问题。
【35题详解】
根据上文“When yu need t find a slutin t a design prblem, yu culd ask yurself, “What animals r plants face a similar prblem in their lives, and hw d they handle it?”(当你需要找到一个设计问题的解决方案时，你可以问自己，‘哪些动物或植物在生活中面临类似的问题，它们如何处理？’)”和下文“Termites (白蚁) in Africa cntrl the temperature and air currents in their nests by having thick walls and air spaces in the tp part.(非洲的白蚁通过在其巢穴顶部有厚壁和空气空间来控制温度和气流)”可知，上文提出遇到设计问题时可以想象面临类似问题的动植物，下文则提到了非洲白蚁巢穴的特点。由此推知，空处内容应与建筑和蚂蚁相关。D项“人口众多的大城市经常被比作蚂蚁的聚居地”符合题意，开启下文，ants呼应下文termites。故选D。
【36题详解】
空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据上文“The Eastgate Centre in Harare, Zimbabwe was designed in a similar way, with thick verhangs shading the windws, and all the ffices cnnected t a big chimney letting ht air escape. This allws it t stay cl while using much less air-cnditining. (津巴布韦哈拉雷的Eastgate中心也采用了类似的设计方法，厚实的悬架遮蔽窗户，所有的办公室都连接到一个大烟囱，让热空气逸出。这使得它在使用更少的空调的同时保持凉爽)”可知，这种类似白蚁巢穴的设计适用于炎热地带的城市。由此推知，空处继续陈述这种设计的应用。F项“对于东南亚炎热拥挤的城市来说，这也是一个很好的解决方案”符合题意，als表明上下文的并列关系。故选F。
37题详解】
根据上文“Engineer Nakatsu als asked himself the same questin. (工程师Nakatsu也问了自己同样的问题)”推知，空处应指出Nakatsu面临的问题是什么。G项“他的问题是高速行驶的高速列车冲进隧道时产生的压力会产生巨大的噪音”符合题意，prblem是关键词，选项中的his指代Nakatsu。故选G。
【38题详解】
根据下文“On the ther hand, plastic packaging creates a lt f waste and pllutin. (另一方面，塑料包装制造了许多浪费和污染)”中的n the ther hand推知，空处内容与下文形成对照，即空处陈述环保的一方面。A项“在自然界，一切都是循环利用的”符合题意。故选A。
【39题详解】
根据下文“Nakatsu wrries that children tday d nt have the pprtunity t tuch and feel nature. He advises that students in university shuld study mre than ne narrw field s that they d nt just have ne fixed way f thinking. (Nakatsu担心今天的孩子没有机会触摸和感受大自然。他建议大学里的学生应该学习不止一个狭窄的领域，这样他们就不会只有一种固定的思维方式)”可知，Nakatsu建议孩子们多接触自然，这样就可以熟悉自然，并从中学习一些解决问题的方法。B项“要模仿自然，我们必须熟悉它”符合题意，nature是关键词。故选B。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
“Chse yur friends wisely” may nt nly be gd parental advice but als a way t d better in cllege, a research study finds. Researchers prve that students wh befriend studius peers spend mre hurs studying themselves and pst higher grades during their freshman year.
It’s imprtant t clarify that having smart friends isn’t as imprtant as having studius friends in this study. The researchers didn’t find that friends’ grades mattered. What influenced a student’s cllege grades were his r her friends’ high schl study habits. T be sure, students with higher grades tend t have better study habits.
They als fund that, fr every additinal 10 hurs a week that a student’s friends had spent studying in high schl, n average, the student’s wn study time in cllege wuld likely increase by almst 25 minutes a day, and the student’s wn GPA (Grade Pint Average) wuld likely rise by almst a tenth f a pint during freshman year. Almst identical results are amng freshman rmmates randmly assigned by the cllege, which cnfirms that peers are actually influencing study habits and eching the friendship analysis. The researchers cntrlled fr gender, race and prir academic achievement and fund that the psitive influence f studius peers was similar fr bth high achieving and lw achieving students.
The difference between a B and B+ average is 0.3 pints, s studius friends are nly nudging grades up a bit. That means peers are just ne f many factrs influencing hw well students d in cllege. S shuld we encurage parents t pick their kids, friends in cllege? “This is ne utcme-GPA. There are ther things in life, said Mehta wh admits t selecting studius friends when he was in cllege.
40. What d researchers suggest students d in cllege in this study?
41. Hw can studius friends help a student d better in cllege?
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
▶The study shwed that the psitive influence f studius peers was nly fr high achieving students.
43. Besides peer pressure, what d yu think is the mst imprtant factr that helps imprve yur grades? (In abut 40 wrds)
【40~43题答案】
【答案】40. Chse yur friends wisely. /Befriend r make friends with studius students.
41. By influencing the student’s study habits.
42. The study shwed that the psitive influence f studius peers was nly fr high achieving students. The researchers fund that the psitive influence f studius peers was similar fr bth high achieving and lw achieving students.
43. In my pinin, study habits is the mst imprtant factr that helps imprve grades. Because a better study habit can make yu self-discipline and becme a better time planner, which can in return benefit yu under the limited time during schl.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究人员证明，那些与勤奋的同龄人成为朋友的学生，会花更多的时间自学，并且在大一期间取得更高的成绩。影响学生大学成绩的因素是他或她朋友的高中学习习惯。可以肯定的是，成绩越高的学生学习习惯越好。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Researchers prve that students wh befriend studius peers spend mre hurs studying themselves and pst higher grades during their freshman year.(研究人员证明，那些与勤奋的同龄人成为朋友的学生，会花更多的时间自学，并且在大一期间取得更高的成绩)”可知，在这项研究中，研究人员建议学生在大学里明智地选择你的朋友或与勤奋的学生交朋友。故答案为Chse yur friends wisely. /Befriend r make friends with studius students.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段中“What influenced a student’s cllege grades were his r her friends’ high schl study habits.(影响学生大学成绩的因素是他或她朋友的高中学习习惯)”可知，勤奋的朋友通过影响学生的学习习惯来帮助学生。故答案为By influencing the student’s study habits.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段中“Almst identical results are amng freshman rmmates randmly assigned by the cllege, which cnfirms that peers are actually influencing study habits and eching the friendship analysis. The researchers cntrlled fr gender, race and prir academic achievement and fund that the psitive influence f studius peers was similar fr bth high achieving and lw achieving students.(在大学随机分配的新生室友中，也得到了几乎相同的结果，这证实了同伴确实影响了学习习惯，并与友谊分析相呼应。研究人员控制了性别、种族和先前的学术成就，发现勤奋的同龄人对成绩优异和成绩差的学生产生的积极影响是相似的)”可知，错误的部分是“nly fr high achieving students”，因为研究人员发现，勤奋的同龄人对成绩优异和成绩差的学生产生的积极影响是相似的。故答案为The study shwed that the psitive influence f studius peers was nly fr high achieving students. The researchers fund that the psitive influence f studius peers was similar fr bth high achieving and lw achieving students.
【43题详解】
开放性题目，言之有理即可。题干：除了同伴的压力，你认为帮助你提高成绩的最重要的因素是什么？可回答：在我看来，学习习惯是帮助提高成绩的最重要的因素。 因为一个好的学习习惯可以让你自律，成为一个更好的时间计划者，而这反过来可以在有限的学习时间下让你受益。故答案为In my pinin, study habits is the mst imprtant factr that helps imprve grades. Because a better study habit can make yu self-discipline and becme a better time planner, which can in return benefit yu under the limited time during schl.
第二节（20分）
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim在邮件中提到他将来的生活，也想了解你的职业设想，请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 你想从事的职业；
2. 选择该职业的原因；
3. 实现该目标的方法。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【44题答案】
【答案】Dear Jim,
Having heard abut yur plan fr the future, I’m happy t share mine with yu.
Becming a jurnalist has always been my dream. When I was a child, I thught it was a great jb as it ffered jurnalists lts f chances t travel. Over time, I have cme t feel that the respnsibilities f revealing facts and spreading inspiring stries make the jb mre meaningful and attractive. In my pinin, writing ability is very imprtant fr a jurnalist, s I practise it almst every day. In additin, I plan t study jurnalism at Cmmunicatin University f Beijing and currently I am preparing fr the entrance exam.
Hw’s yur life nw? Hpe t hear frm yu sn.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Jim写信，告诉他自己想从事的职业、选择该职业的原因和实现的方法。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：delighted→happy
机会：pprtunity→chance
有吸引力的：appealing→attractive
现在：at present→currently
2.句型拓展
变强调句
原句：I have cme t feel that the respnsibilities f revealing facts and spreading inspiring stries make the jb mre meaningful and attractive.
拓展句：I have cme t feel that it is the respnsibilities f revealing facts and spreading inspiring stries that make the jb mre meaningful and attractive
【点睛】[高分句型1] When I was a child, I thught it was a great jb as it ffered jurnalists lts f chances t travel.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句和as引导的原因状语从句）
[高分句型2]Having heard abut yur plan fr the future, I’m happy t share mine with yu.（运用了现在分词的完成式作状语）