2022年鲁教版（五四学制）中考九年级英语语法专题研究七、形容词和副词（基础知识、例题及练习题）学案

这是一份2022年鲁教版（五四学制）中考九年级英语语法专题研究七、形容词和副词（基础知识、例题及练习题）学案，共25页。学案主要包含了方法点拨，知识必备，详见本专题命题点3等内容，欢迎下载使用。
专题七 形容词和副词

Ⅰ.命题点1 形容词词义辨析
ⅰ.基础知识
1.考向1同类形容词词义辨析
解答此类试题，首先要确定各选项的含义，分析语境和逻辑关系，然后确定正确答案。
例：The artist is so that he can make different changing pictures with sand.
A.common
B.careless
C.creative
D.helpful
【方法点拨】第①步：分析四个选项，common 普通的，careless粗心的，creative 有创造力的，helpful 有帮助的，可知它们均为形容词，空格处在句中作表语；第②步：分析语境“这个画家如此 以至于他能够用沙子制作出不同的可以改变的图片。”可推测出这个画家是有创造力的。故选C。
2.考向2词义相对类形容词
词汇
含义
词汇
含义
happy
开心的
sad
(令人)难过的
busy
忙碌的
free
空闲的
词汇
含义
词汇
含义
quiet
安静的
noisy
吵闹的
different
不同的
similar
相似的
difficult
困难的
easy
容易的
special
特别的
common
普通的
beautiful
美丽的
ugly
丑陋的
cheap
便宜的
expensive
昂贵的
hot
炎热的
cool
凉爽的
early
早的
late
迟的
long
长的
short
短的
heavy
重的
light
轻的
safe
安全的
dangerous
危险的
3.考向3形容词短语
1.与about搭配：
be careful about 对......小心；
be certain/sure about 对......有把握
be crazy about 对......热衷；
be sorry about 对......感到抱歉；
be worried about 对......担忧

2.与at搭配
be angry at 对......生气；
be clever at 在......方面熟练；
be good at 擅长于；
be mad at 对......愤怒；
be surprised at 对......感到惊奇；

3.与for搭配
be bad for 对......有坏处；
be good for 对......有好处；
be late for迟到；
be famous/known/well-known for 因......而著名；
be sorry for为.....感到抱歉；
be thirsty for 渴望；
be/get ready for为......做好准备；

4.与from搭配
be absent from 缺席；
be different from 与......不同；
5.与in搭配
be disappointed in 对......失望；
be interested in对......感兴趣；
be successful in 在......方面成功；
be weak in 在......方面薄弱
6.与of搭配
be afraid of 害怕；
be fond of 喜欢；
be full of充满；
be proud of 对......感到自豪；
be certain/sure of 对......有把握；
be/get tired of 对......感到厌倦；
be short of 短缺
7.与to搭配
be close to接近，靠近；
be friendly to 对......友好；
be kind to 对......和蔼；
be good to 对......好；
be polite to 对......礼貌；
be nice to 对......友好；
be similar to 与......相似；
be rude to 对......粗鲁；
be useful to 对......有用；
be thankful to 对......心存感激

8.与with搭配
be angry with对......生气；
be busy with 忙于；
be careful with 小心；
be filled with充满；
be happy/pleased/satisfied with 对......感到满意；
be patient with 对......有耐心；
be strict with 对......严格要求；
ⅱ.练习题
1.After the football match, the players were very and tired.
A.cool
B.full
C.lively
D.thirsty
2.--How are you getting along with your English study?
--Much better. I don’t feel it as as before.
A.interesting
B.much
C.difficult
D.easy
3.Tina is very . Her face often turns red while answering questions in class.
A.shy
B.active
C.smart
D.outgoing
4.Jenny is afraid to travel by plane. She always feels when getting on it.
A.nervous
B.interested
C.relaxed
D.happy
5.In order to sell more products, we need to come up with more ideas.
A.true
B.common
C.simple
D.creative
6.I like hiking in the forest because the air is pretty .
A.free
B.dirty
C.polluted
D.serious
7.Ann grows up in a family. So she always feels happy when she gets home.
A.rich
B.strict
C.loving
D.fresh
8.Many teenagers don’t like to talk with their parents. But I am them. I love to share my joy and sorrow with my parents.
A.the same as
B.different from
C.interested in
D.angry with
9.The policeman has the ability to stay when something dangerous happens.
A.calm
B.excited
C.afraid
D.noisy
10.This dog looks . It’s wearing red shoes.
A.clever
B.brave
C.funny
D.stupid
11.Susan never gets upset when she has to wait in line. She is very .
A.excited
B.honest
C.outgoing
D.patient
12.Don’t play games on the computer all day. It’s to your eyes.
A.harmful
B.useful
C.helpful
D.thankful
13.If your best friend tells you his secrets, it’s for you to keep them for him. By doing this, you can win his trust.
A.special
B.necessary
C.possible
D.unnecessary
14.He has read many books about China, so it’s for him to answer these questions about China.
A.difficult
B.impossible
C.easy
D.possible
15.Kate is always curious about musical instruments. She often learns them in her
time.
A.busy
B.poor
C.spare
D.kind
16.The teacher felt very when she heard that her student fell ill.
A.worried
B.common
C.angry
D.wrong
17.The old man was so the good news that he couldn’t say a word.
A.interested in
B.afraid of
C.worried about
D.excited about
Ⅱ.命题点2副词词义辨析
ⅰ.基础知识1.常见以-ly结尾的副词
副词
含义
副词
含义
badly
差地
bravely
勇敢地
busily
忙碌地
carefully
小心地
carelessly
粗心地
certainly
确定地
closely
紧密地
clearly
清晰地
easily
容易地
especially
尤其是，特别是
excitedly
兴奋地
exactly
准确地
finally
最后，最终
freely
自由地
hardly
几乎不
happily
快乐地
heavily
沉重地，剧烈地
immediately
立刻
luckily
幸运地
loudly
大声地
mainly
主要地
mostly
大部分地
nearly
几乎
possibly
可能
probably
也许，可能
properly
合适地
quickly
快速地
quietly
安静地
really
真正地
regularly
定期地
sadly
悲伤地
safely
安全地
silently
沉默地
slowly
慢慢地
softly
温柔地
suddenly
突然
2.常见时间副词
时间副词(组)
含义
时间副词(组)
含义
late
晚，迟
later
晚些时候，过些时间
early
早，提早，早期
then
然后
ago
以前，更早
already
已经
soon
很快
before
在......之前
once
曾经，以前
now
现在
just now
刚才
at once
立刻，马上
3.常见连接副词
连接副词
含义
连接副词
含义
besides
此外，而且
however
然而
then
于是，那么
instead
而不是，代替
therefore
因此
also
也
4.常见程度副词
程度副词
含义
程度副词
含义
just
仅仅，只
nearly
几乎，差不多
almost
几乎，差不多
still
仍然
only
只，仅仅
even
甚至
too
太，过于，非常
very
非常，很
hardly
几乎不
so/such
如此
rather
相当，颇
quite
相当地
enough
足够地
much
很大程度上地
5.常见疑问副词
疑问副词
含义
作用
where
在哪里，到哪里
对地点提问，可引导宾语从句和定语从句
when
何时，什么时候
对时间提问，可引导宾语从句和定语从句
why
为什么
对原因提问，回答常用because 引导的句子，可引导宾语从句和定语从句
how
怎样，怎么，如何
对方式提问，可引导宾语从句
6.常见频度副词
频度副词
含义
频度副词
含义
always
总是
usually
通常地，惯常地
often
经常
sometimes
有时
seldom
很少，不常
never
绝不
7.常见地点副词
地点副词(组)
含义
地点副词
含义(组)
here
这儿
there
那儿
inside
在里面
outside
在外面
upstairs
在楼上
downstairs
在楼下
everywhere
每个地方
anywhere
任何地方
home
家里
away
在远处，离开
above
在......上边
behind
在......后边
here and there
到处，处处
over there
在那里
ⅱ.练习题
18.--It rained and lasted for a long time yesterday.
--Too bad! Even some streets were full of water.
A.hardly
B.strongly
C.terrible
D.heavily
19.Allen always behaves , so many people like him.
A.easily
B.politely
C.friendly
D.lively
20.To our surprise, the computer won the chess game against the human player.
A.certainly
B.usually
C.finally
D.mostly
21.Nowadays some parents spend more time on mobile phones so that they
care for their kids.
A.often
B.seldom
C.usually
D.sometimes
22.I can’t hear the teacher with so much noise outside.
A.clearly
B.slowly
C.warmly
D.bravely
23.He has read the book three times, but he will read it a fourth time because it’s really interesting.
A.yet
B.already
C.finally
D.soon
24.It was late. She opened the door because she didn’t want to wake up her parents.
A.heavily
B.loudly
C.quietly
D.angrily
25.He is afraid of high places, so he travels by air.
A.seldom
B.sometimes
C.always
D.often
26.-- will you go this summer vacation, Helen?
--Maybe I will go to Qingdao.
A.How
B.When
C.Where
D.Why
Ⅲ.命题点3形容词和副词的比较等级
ⅰ.基础知识
1.形容词和副词的比较等级变化表
（1）规则变化
类别
构成方法
原级
比较级
最高级
单音节词和少数双音节词
直接在词尾加-er，-est
young
tall
younger
taller
youngest tallest
以不发音的字母e结尾的加-r，-st
nice
large
nicer
larger
nicest
largest
单音节词和少数双音节词
以重读闭音节结尾，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，则双写这个辅音字母，再加-er，-est
big
fat
hot
bigger
fatter
hotter
biggest
fattest
hottest
辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i，再加-er，-est
happy
easy
healthy
happier
easier
healthier
happiest easiest healthiest
多音节词和部分双音节词
在原级前加 more，most
careful
more careful
most careful
（2）不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good/well
better
best
bad/badly
worse
worst
many/much
more
most
原级
比较级
最高级
little
less
least
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
下面这些变比较等级的规则，你记住了吗?
1.一般情况下，直接在词尾加 (比较级)， (最高级)。
2.以不发音的字母e结尾的加-r，-st。
3.以重读闭音节结尾，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，则 这一辅音字母，再加-er，-est。
4.辅音字母加 y结尾，变y为 ，再加-er，
5.在有些双音节词和多音节词前加 more，most。
6.不规则变化：
原级
比较级
最高级
many


little


good


bad


far


2.形容词和副词比较等级的基本用法
（1）原级比较，即同级比较
①A=B：as+adj./adv.原级+as。
例：English is as interesting as Chinese. 英语和汉语一样有趣。
Does Tara work as hard as Tina? 塔娜和蒂娜学习一样刻苦吗?
②A≠B：not so/as+adj./adv.原级+as。
例：I’m not so careful as Lucy. 我不如露西细心。
I can’t type so/as fast as my brother. 我打字不如我哥哥/弟弟快。
（2）比较级的用法
表示两者进行比较时用比较级，其结构有：
①A....+比较级(含more+多音节形容词原级)+than+B，表示“A比B更......”，即A>B。(注意比较的对象要一致)。
例：I’m more outgoing than my sister. 我比我的姐姐/妹妹更外向。
②有表示程度的副词(词组)a little，a bit，a lot，much，even，far等修饰时，常用形容词或副词的比较级。
例：It is even colder today.今天甚至更冷了。
③A...+less+多音节形容词原级+than+B，表示“A不及B......”，即A