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高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists评课ppt课件
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists评课ppt课件，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了词汇知识·自主学习，severe，diarrhoea，infection，germs，proof，multiple，households，suspect，raw等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Ⅰ. 根据语境写出正确的单词1. cause ______ _________ 引起严重的腹泻2. becme__________变得沮丧3. tw ____________theries两种相互矛盾的理论4. an ________frm ______感染了细菌5. need _____需要证据6. ________deaths很多人死亡7. many pr __________很多贫困家庭8. _______him f theft怀疑他盗窃
frustrated
cntradictry
9. thrugh this ___________通过这种干预10. ____waste未经处理的废弃物11. _____water纯净水12. a __________ ________大幅降低13. use f maps and ________地图和统计数据的使用14. _________the way改变方式
interventin
substantial
Ⅱ. 根据语境选择恰当的介、副词填空1. Many f the lcal children have died _____the disease. 2. They mved t a larger farm and __time made it ver t Francis. 3. If we d nt attend __the prblem, it will certainly grw. 4. The prblem must be slved nce and ___all, withut leaving any lse end. 5. She had a cnfused idea f life __general. 6. The gvernment tried t find ___hw the disaster happened. 7. ___a result, the bad thing has been turned int a gd ne. 8. Thanks __mbile libraries, these peple can still brrw bks.
Ⅲ. 根据课文及汉语提示补全句子1. He discvered that in tw particular streets the chlera utbreak was ________(非常严重) that mre than 500 peple died in ten days. 2. _____________(似乎)the wman liked the water frm the pump s much that she ______________(让人送水)t her huse every day. 3. Accrdingly, he had the handle f the pump remved ______(为了)it culd nt be used. 因此, 他把水泵的把手拿掉了, 使它不能再用。
It seemed that
had it delivered
4. The peple wh drank this water were much mre _______(很可能) get chlera than thse wh drank pure r biled water. 5. Mrever, in his use f maps and statistics, Snw transfrmed ____________________________(科学家研究疾病的方式).
the way scientists
study diseases
【构词规律】 根据给出的构词规则写出下列单词1. –in 常用于动词之后构成名词。infect v. →infectin n. 感染select v. →________n. 挑选elect v. →_______n. 选举cllect v. →_________n. 收集
2. v. +t构成动词短语, 在句中作谓语。subscribe t同意; 赞同______t反对______t 承认_________t对……作贡献, 有助于
Task 1 框架宏观建构: 整体理解 Skim the passage and fill in the blanks
【寻技巧·提能力】 记叙文的特点: (1)英语记叙文以叙述描写为主, 主要叙述人物、事件、地点或过程。(2)记叙文的特点: ①通常情况下, 记叙文的主题往往潜伏在字里行间, 不直接地表达出来; 文章主旨要通过体察所揭示的人物、事件来进行提炼。根据本文的标题Jhn Snw Defeats King Chlera, 可知本文的主题。②叙述过程大多按时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑顺序来展开。本文是按照约翰·斯诺战胜霍乱王的过程展开的。
③高考阅读就记叙文设题大多以细节理解题为主。阅读记叙文体应采取略读和扫读的方法, 快速抓住文中叙述的主要内容, 从整体上去把握文章, 进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及情感主线。通过略读, 了解约翰·斯诺进行研究的过程。
Task 2 文本微观剖析: 细节探究 1. Chse the best answer. (1)Accrding t Jhn Snw’s view, . A. Queen Victria suffered a lt frm bad healthB. a cure had been fund fr chlera befre his timeC. chlera’s cause had t be discvered in rder t cntrl itD. thusands f terrified peple knew what they shuld d
(2)Which f the fllwing theries did Jhn Snw believe? A. A clud f dangerus gas wuld flat arund until it fund its victims. B. Peple absrbed chlera int their bdies with their meals. C. Peple gt infected with chlera because f plluted air. D. Peple suffered frm chlera because they were nt clean. (3)After he made further investigatins, Jhn Snw fund . A. chlera multiplied in the airB. peple absrbed this disease int their bdies with their mealsC. the water frm the plluted river was t blameD. flies spread the disease
(4)Hw did Jhn Snw find ut the cause f the disease? A. By living in the area where chlera brke ut. B. By marking a map where all the dead peple had lived. C. By telling the terrified peple hw t prevent it. D. By saving the dying peple suffering frm chlera. (5)Hw was “King Chlera” defeated? A. By nt plluting the river again. B. By eating healthy diets. C. By delivering the water frm ther rivers. D. By stpping drinking the plluted water.
2. Reread the passage and fill in the blanks.
3. Lng sentence analysis. (1)Chlera(主语) used t be (谓语)ne f the mst feared diseases in the wrld, until a British dctr, Jhn Snw, shwed (hw it culd be vercme)(宾语从句). (时间状语) 译文: 霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一, ______________________________________。(2) As a yung dctr(状语), Jhn Snw (主语)became frustrated(谓语) because n ne knew hw t prevent r treat chlera(原因状语). 译文: 作为一名年轻的医生, 约翰·斯诺变得沮丧, __________________________________。
直到英国医生约翰·斯诺展示了如
因为没有人知道如何预防或治
(3)In time(状语), he(主语)rse(谓语) t becme a famus dctr, and even attended t Queen Victria when she gave birth(时间状语). 译文: 最终, 他成了名医, _________________________还照料过她。(4)Snw (主语)began(谓语) by marking n a map the exact places where all thse (wh died)(定语从句) had lived(定语从句). 译文: 斯诺首先在地图上标出了_____________________准确地点。
甚至在维多利亚女王分娩时
Task 3 阅读思维升华: 主题实践 1. Hw did Snw defeat chlera? (Divergent Thinking发散性思维)__________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________.
Firstly, he subscribed t the secnd thery.
Secndly, he began t investigate t cllect prf.
Thirdly, he marked n a map the exact places where peple wh died had
Furthly, he lked int the surce f the water and fund that it came frm
the plluted river.
Finally, the surce f water was examined and chlera was cntrlled
2. What d Jhn Snw and Zhng Nanshan have in cmmn? (Critical Thinking批判性思维)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What can we learn frm Snw when facing epidemic? (Creative Thinking创造性思维)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
They are wise and reslute t vercme difficulties by using scientific methds.
They treat the sick with lve and kindness.
When facing an epidemic, we shuld find the cause f it, cut ff the
transmissin rute f the virus, develp vaccines and find the cure fr it.
【要点精研·探究学习】1. frustrated adj. 懊恼的; 沮丧的; 失意的*The bad weather frustrated all ur hpes f ging ut. 恶劣的天气破坏了我们出行的愿望。*Several mre days went by and the yuth’s feelings f frustratin increased. 几天过去了, 年轻人的挫折感更强了。*He fund that watching the mvie was frustrating because the ending was s bad. 他发现看这部电影是令人沮丧的, 因为结局太悲伤了。
【导图理词】 feel frustrated at/with 对……感到沮丧/懊恼
【小词汇·大文化】When yu are cl, pised and frustrated. 得意时淡然, 失意时泰然。
【即学活用】语法填空(1)My camera scanning the sun and reviewing the sht I wuld eventually take, I grew _________(frustrate). (2)Finding yur first jb can be bth a rewarding and __________(frustrate) experience. (3)I was clse t tears with __________(frustrate), but I held back.
frustrating
2. subscribe vi. 认购(股份); 定期订购; 定期交纳(会费)*Snw subscribed t the secnd thery. 斯诺赞同第二种理论。
【词块积累】(1)subscribe t 同意, 赞同; 订购(2)subscribern. 订阅人, 订购者; 定期捐款者
【名师点津】subscribe t意为“同意, 赞成”时, t为介词, 后常跟view, belief, thery等名词作宾语。【巧学助记】Our mnitr put frward a suggestin that ur class shuld subscribe t sme magazines and the head teacher subscribed t his suggestin. 我们班长提出了我们应该订购一些杂志的建议, 班主任同意了他的建议。
【即学活用】(1)My main reasn ________________New Scientist is t keep abreast f advances in science. 我订阅《新科学家》主要是为了了解科学的最新进展。(2)Write away nw fr the free album ffered t ___________________. 请速来信订阅, 每位新订阅者可获取免费画册一本。
fr subscribing t
every new subscriber
3. suspect vt. &vi. 怀疑; 疑有; 不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人; 可疑对象*(2020·天津高考)He pulls ut a special device, pints it at the suspect, and switches it n. 他拿出一个特殊的装置, 指向嫌疑人, 然后把它打开。*Snw suspected that the water pump was t blame. 斯诺怀疑是水泵的问题。*They all suspected the man with a mustache t be a player. 他们都猜测留着胡子的那个人是个运动员。
【词块积累】 (1)suspect that. . . 怀疑/认为……(尤指坏事可能属实或发生) suspect sb. t be. . . 怀疑某人是…… suspect sb. f (ding) sth. 怀疑某人(做过)某事 (2)a murder suspect 杀人嫌疑犯 the main/prime suspect 首要嫌疑人
【熟词生义】Sme f the prf they prduced was highly suspect. 他们出示的证据中有些相当不可靠。( )
【名师点津】 有些单词词性不同, 发音不同。作名词时重音在前, 作动词时重音在后, 即“名前动后”。
【小词汇·大文化】The suspect is nt used, nt dubt. 疑则勿用, 用则不疑。
4. blame vt. 把……归咎于; 责怪; 指责 n. 责备; 指责*She desn’t blame anyne fr her father’s injury. 她没把她父亲的受伤归咎于任何人。*Plice blamed the accident n dangerus driving. 警方把事故原因归咎于危险驾驶。*The institute will have t take the blame fr the wrng statistics. 这个机构将不得不对错误的统计数字负责。
【词块积累】(1)blame sb. fr (ding) sth. 因(做)某事责备某人 blame sth. n. . . 把某事归咎于…… be t blame(fr sth. )(对某事)负有责任(2)take the blame fr对……承担责任 put/lay/place the blame fr sth. n. . . 把某事归咎于……
【小词汇·大文化】Bad wrkmen ften blame their tls. 拙匠常怪工具差。(比喻一个人水平不足, 却要怪别的、外界的、客观的因素。)
【即学活用】语法填空(1)Tm’s clleague blamed the failure f the business talk ___him. = Tm’s clleague blamed him ___the failure f the business talk.
5. link n. 联系; 纽带 vt. 把……连接起来; 相关联*Mrever, Snw was later able t shw a link between ther cases f chlera and the different water cmpanies in Lndn. 此外, 斯诺后来还发现了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同供水公司之间的联系。*There is cnvincing prf that skin cancer is linked t expsure t the sun. 有充分的证据表明皮肤癌和阳光暴晒有关系。
【词块积累】(1)a link between. . . (and. . . ) ……(和……)之间的连接(联系)(2)link A t/with B 将A与B联系/连接起来link up (with sb. /sth. )(与某人/某物)连接, 结合be linked t/with. . . 与……有联系/有关
【知识延伸】表示“将……和……连接起来”的短语还有: cnnect. . . with/t. . . ; jin. . . t
【熟词生义】(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Linking arms with ne f the instructrs, I helped carry the yung man ut f the water. ( )我和一个指导员手挽手, 帮忙把那个年轻人抬出了水面。
link vt. 挽住
【即学活用】语法填空(1)Plice suspected there may be a link _______the tw murders. (2)The vide cameras are ______(link)t a pwerful cmputer. (3)The Channel Tunnel links Britain _______ the rest f Eurpe. (4)The relatinships yu are develping nw will prbably ________(link)t the nes yu value later.
6. decrease n. 减少; 降低; 减少量 vt. & vi. (使大小、数量等)减少; 减小; 降低*Thrugh Snw’s tireless effrts, water cmpanies began t sell clean water, and the threat f chlera arund the wrld saw a substantial decrease. 通过斯诺的不懈努力, 供水公司开始销售清洁水, 世界各地的霍乱威胁也大幅减少了。*There has been a decrease in traffic accidents. 交通事故减少了。 *The charge fr transprtatin is n the decrease because f lwer fuel csts. 由于更低的燃料花费, 运输费用在降低。
【词块积累】(1)decrease(frm. . . )t (从……)减少到……(表示减少后的量) decrease by 减少了……(表示减少的量) decrease in 在……方面减少(2)a decrease in. . . ……的减少 n the decrease在减少
【知识延伸】
【小词汇·大文化】Peple wh dn’t want t climb tend t decrease. 不想往上爬的人容易往下降。
【即学活用】根据语境用适当的介词填空(2)The sales f this prduct have decreased _____five millin __three millin. (3)A lcal newspaper remarks that crime is ___the decrease.
7. thanks t幸亏, 由于*Frtunately, we nw knw hw t prevent chlera, thanks t the wrk f Jhn Snw. 幸运的是, 由于约翰·斯诺的工作, 我们现在知道如何预防霍乱。
【知识延伸】表示“因为, 由于”的其他短语:
【即学活用】语法填空(1) ______(we)t the help frm his cmrades, he has made rapid prgress. (2)Thanks __his help, I finished my wrk n time. (3)His schl wrk is suffering because __family prblems. (4)On accunt __his illness, he was never left alne.
8. transfrm vt. 使改观; 使改变形态 vi. 改变; 转变*A new clur scheme will transfrm yur bedrm. 新的色彩调配将使你的卧室焕然一新。*(2020·浙江高考)I learned a lt abut hw t extend the life f bjects and transfrm them int smething new and useful. 我学到了很多关于如何延伸事物的生命并将它们转化为新的和有用的东西。*China’s plan t transfrm Hainan int a free trade prt is expected t spur lcal cnsumptin and enhance cmpetitiveness f duty-free prducts. 中国计划把海南变成自由贸易港的方案有望刺激当地消费, 提高免税产品的竞争力。
【词块积累】transfrm. . . int. . . 把……变成…… transfrmatin n. 改变; 改观
【即学活用】语法填空(1)The magician transfrmed the handkerchief ____a bird. (2)There was a nticeable _____________(transfrm) in his appearance. (3)Life in Britain _______________(transfrm) by the appearance f the steam engine in the past.
transfrmatin
was transfrmed
9. He discvered that in tw particular streets the chlera utbreak was s severe that mre than 500 peple died in ten days. 他发现在两个街道上霍乱传播得如此厉害, 以至于10天之内就有500多人失去了生命。【句式解构】(1)s. . . that. . . 意为“如此……以至于……”, 引导结果状语从句, 此结构中s为副词, 后面跟形容词或副词。其结构为:
(2)such. . . that作“如此……以至于”, 连接一个表示结果的状语从句时, 与s. . . that意思相同, 但用法不同。such后边要跟名词(这个名词前面可以带形容词, 也可以不带), such. . . that的句型结构可分以下三种:
(3)当s或such位于句首时, 主句应用部分倒装形式。*(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The fd is s delicius that yu dn’t need much f it t make yu happy. 食物如此美味, 你不需要吃太多就能感到高兴。
【名师点津】(1)s. . . that引导结果状语从句(2)s that既可引导目的状语从句, 也可引导结果状语从句。
【即学活用】(1)语法填空①(2020·天津高考) It prduces a deafening sund __painful that it temprarily disables a persn. ②There were __many cars n the rad that I culdn’t get thrugh. ③This is ____an abstract prblem that nne can understand it withut effrt.
(2)一句多译她是一个如此聪明的姑娘, 我们都喜欢她。①She is ___________________we all like her. (s. . . that) ②She is _____________________we all like her. (such. . . that) ③________________________we all like her. (s. . . that倒装) ④__________________________we all like her. (such. . . that倒装)
s brilliant a girl that
such a brilliant girl that
S brilliant a girl is she that
Such a brilliant girl is she that
【要点拾遗】1. cntradictry adj. 相互矛盾的; 对立的, 不一致的*In general, dctrs in thse days had tw cntradictry theries t explain hw chlera spread. 总的来说, 当时的医生对霍乱是如何传播的有两种相互矛盾的解释。*(2018·江苏高考)But the infrmatin I gt was rich and varied, r even cntradictry. 但是我获得的信息是丰富的、多样的甚至相反的。
【词块积累】be cntradictry t 与……矛盾/对立
【即学活用】(1)The witness t the accident prvided sme _________________. 这起事故的目击者提供了一些相互矛盾的证据。(2)The tw issues are clsely related, but ______________each ther as well. 这两个问题息息相关, 却又互相矛盾。
cntradictry prf
cntradictry t
2. handle n. 把手; 拉手; 柄 vt. 处理; 搬动; 操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)*Accrdingly, he had the handle f the pump remved s that it culd nt be used. 因此, 他把水泵的把手拿掉了, 这样水泵就不能用了。*The plice are expert at handling situatins like this. 警察处理这类情况很内行。 *The pilt knws hw t handle a plane. 飞行员知道如何操作飞机。
【即学活用】语法填空(1)They have the cnfidence and ability ________(handle) the imprtant matter well. (2)The salesgirl is very gd at ________(handle) difficult custmers, which pleases the manager very much.
3. Mrever, in his use f maps and statistics, Snw transfrmed the way scientists study diseases. 此外, 斯诺利用地图和统计数据改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。【句式解构】本句是主从复合句。scientists study diseases是定语从句, 修饰 the way, 从句省略了关系词 that 或 in which。*Yu culd tell she was freign by the way she dressed. 从她的穿着就可以看出她是外国人。*5G will surely change the way peple wrk and live. 5G将会改变人们的工作和生活方式。
【名师点津】(1)way表示“方式; 方法”时, 其后常接in which或that引导的定语从句, 也可以将关系词in which或that省略掉, 此时关系词在从句中作状语。(2)way后接定语从句时, 如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语, 则用关系代词that/which, 作宾语时还可以省略。(3)way表示“方式; 方法”时, 其后还可接不定式或f ding sth. 的形式。
【即学活用】(1)Hwever, n TV and the radi yu will hear differences in _____________ _____. 然而, 在电视和收音机里你会听到人们说话方式的不同。(2)Smething that happens in yur daily life will change ____________________ ______and the peple in it. 日常生活中发生的事情会改变你看待世界和世人的方式。
the way peple
the way yu lk at the
【拓视野·观天下】1. Republic f Krea’s ppulatin fell year-n-year fr the first time in 2020, census data shwed Sunday, with a recrd lw number f births getting surpassed by deaths t cause a natural decrease. 周日公布的人口普查数据显示, 2020年韩国首次出现人口负增长, 死亡人口数超过新生人口数, 新生人口数创历史新低。2. Up t 85 percent f the Chinese ppulatin will subscribe t mbile services by 2025, while 88 percent f thse subscribers will have smartphnes. 到2025年, 高达85%的中国人口将订阅移动服务, 而其中88%的用户将拥有智能手机。
Ⅰ. 根据语境写出正确的单词1. cause ______ _________ 引起严重的腹泻2. becme__________变得沮丧3. tw ____________theries两种相互矛盾的理论4. an ________frm ______感染了细菌5. need _____需要证据6. ________deaths很多人死亡7. many pr __________很多贫困家庭8. _______him f theft怀疑他盗窃
frustrated
cntradictry
9. thrugh this ___________通过这种干预10. ____waste未经处理的废弃物11. _____water纯净水12. a __________ ________大幅降低13. use f maps and ________地图和统计数据的使用14. _________the way改变方式
interventin
substantial
Ⅱ. 根据语境选择恰当的介、副词填空1. Many f the lcal children have died _____the disease. 2. They mved t a larger farm and __time made it ver t Francis. 3. If we d nt attend __the prblem, it will certainly grw. 4. The prblem must be slved nce and ___all, withut leaving any lse end. 5. She had a cnfused idea f life __general. 6. The gvernment tried t find ___hw the disaster happened. 7. ___a result, the bad thing has been turned int a gd ne. 8. Thanks __mbile libraries, these peple can still brrw bks.
Ⅲ. 根据课文及汉语提示补全句子1. He discvered that in tw particular streets the chlera utbreak was ________(非常严重) that mre than 500 peple died in ten days. 2. _____________(似乎)the wman liked the water frm the pump s much that she ______________(让人送水)t her huse every day. 3. Accrdingly, he had the handle f the pump remved ______(为了)it culd nt be used. 因此, 他把水泵的把手拿掉了, 使它不能再用。
It seemed that
had it delivered
4. The peple wh drank this water were much mre _______(很可能) get chlera than thse wh drank pure r biled water. 5. Mrever, in his use f maps and statistics, Snw transfrmed ____________________________(科学家研究疾病的方式).
the way scientists
study diseases
【构词规律】 根据给出的构词规则写出下列单词1. –in 常用于动词之后构成名词。infect v. →infectin n. 感染select v. →________n. 挑选elect v. →_______n. 选举cllect v. →_________n. 收集
2. v. +t构成动词短语, 在句中作谓语。subscribe t同意; 赞同______t反对______t 承认_________t对……作贡献, 有助于
Task 1 框架宏观建构: 整体理解 Skim the passage and fill in the blanks
【寻技巧·提能力】 记叙文的特点: (1)英语记叙文以叙述描写为主, 主要叙述人物、事件、地点或过程。(2)记叙文的特点: ①通常情况下, 记叙文的主题往往潜伏在字里行间, 不直接地表达出来; 文章主旨要通过体察所揭示的人物、事件来进行提炼。根据本文的标题Jhn Snw Defeats King Chlera, 可知本文的主题。②叙述过程大多按时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑顺序来展开。本文是按照约翰·斯诺战胜霍乱王的过程展开的。
③高考阅读就记叙文设题大多以细节理解题为主。阅读记叙文体应采取略读和扫读的方法, 快速抓住文中叙述的主要内容, 从整体上去把握文章, 进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及情感主线。通过略读, 了解约翰·斯诺进行研究的过程。
Task 2 文本微观剖析: 细节探究 1. Chse the best answer. (1)Accrding t Jhn Snw’s view, . A. Queen Victria suffered a lt frm bad healthB. a cure had been fund fr chlera befre his timeC. chlera’s cause had t be discvered in rder t cntrl itD. thusands f terrified peple knew what they shuld d
(2)Which f the fllwing theries did Jhn Snw believe? A. A clud f dangerus gas wuld flat arund until it fund its victims. B. Peple absrbed chlera int their bdies with their meals. C. Peple gt infected with chlera because f plluted air. D. Peple suffered frm chlera because they were nt clean. (3)After he made further investigatins, Jhn Snw fund . A. chlera multiplied in the airB. peple absrbed this disease int their bdies with their mealsC. the water frm the plluted river was t blameD. flies spread the disease
(4)Hw did Jhn Snw find ut the cause f the disease? A. By living in the area where chlera brke ut. B. By marking a map where all the dead peple had lived. C. By telling the terrified peple hw t prevent it. D. By saving the dying peple suffering frm chlera. (5)Hw was “King Chlera” defeated? A. By nt plluting the river again. B. By eating healthy diets. C. By delivering the water frm ther rivers. D. By stpping drinking the plluted water.
2. Reread the passage and fill in the blanks.
3. Lng sentence analysis. (1)Chlera(主语) used t be (谓语)ne f the mst feared diseases in the wrld, until a British dctr, Jhn Snw, shwed (hw it culd be vercme)(宾语从句). (时间状语) 译文: 霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一, ______________________________________。(2) As a yung dctr(状语), Jhn Snw (主语)became frustrated(谓语) because n ne knew hw t prevent r treat chlera(原因状语). 译文: 作为一名年轻的医生, 约翰·斯诺变得沮丧, __________________________________。
直到英国医生约翰·斯诺展示了如
因为没有人知道如何预防或治
(3)In time(状语), he(主语)rse(谓语) t becme a famus dctr, and even attended t Queen Victria when she gave birth(时间状语). 译文: 最终, 他成了名医, _________________________还照料过她。(4)Snw (主语)began(谓语) by marking n a map the exact places where all thse (wh died)(定语从句) had lived(定语从句). 译文: 斯诺首先在地图上标出了_____________________准确地点。
甚至在维多利亚女王分娩时
Task 3 阅读思维升华: 主题实践 1. Hw did Snw defeat chlera? (Divergent Thinking发散性思维)__________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________.
Firstly, he subscribed t the secnd thery.
Secndly, he began t investigate t cllect prf.
Thirdly, he marked n a map the exact places where peple wh died had
Furthly, he lked int the surce f the water and fund that it came frm
the plluted river.
Finally, the surce f water was examined and chlera was cntrlled
2. What d Jhn Snw and Zhng Nanshan have in cmmn? (Critical Thinking批判性思维)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What can we learn frm Snw when facing epidemic? (Creative Thinking创造性思维)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
They are wise and reslute t vercme difficulties by using scientific methds.
They treat the sick with lve and kindness.
When facing an epidemic, we shuld find the cause f it, cut ff the
transmissin rute f the virus, develp vaccines and find the cure fr it.
【要点精研·探究学习】1. frustrated adj. 懊恼的; 沮丧的; 失意的*The bad weather frustrated all ur hpes f ging ut. 恶劣的天气破坏了我们出行的愿望。*Several mre days went by and the yuth’s feelings f frustratin increased. 几天过去了, 年轻人的挫折感更强了。*He fund that watching the mvie was frustrating because the ending was s bad. 他发现看这部电影是令人沮丧的, 因为结局太悲伤了。
【导图理词】 feel frustrated at/with 对……感到沮丧/懊恼
【小词汇·大文化】When yu are cl, pised and frustrated. 得意时淡然, 失意时泰然。
【即学活用】语法填空(1)My camera scanning the sun and reviewing the sht I wuld eventually take, I grew _________(frustrate). (2)Finding yur first jb can be bth a rewarding and __________(frustrate) experience. (3)I was clse t tears with __________(frustrate), but I held back.
frustrating
2. subscribe vi. 认购(股份); 定期订购; 定期交纳(会费)*Snw subscribed t the secnd thery. 斯诺赞同第二种理论。
【词块积累】(1)subscribe t 同意, 赞同; 订购(2)subscribern. 订阅人, 订购者; 定期捐款者
【名师点津】subscribe t意为“同意, 赞成”时, t为介词, 后常跟view, belief, thery等名词作宾语。【巧学助记】Our mnitr put frward a suggestin that ur class shuld subscribe t sme magazines and the head teacher subscribed t his suggestin. 我们班长提出了我们应该订购一些杂志的建议, 班主任同意了他的建议。
【即学活用】(1)My main reasn ________________New Scientist is t keep abreast f advances in science. 我订阅《新科学家》主要是为了了解科学的最新进展。(2)Write away nw fr the free album ffered t ___________________. 请速来信订阅, 每位新订阅者可获取免费画册一本。
fr subscribing t
every new subscriber
3. suspect vt. &vi. 怀疑; 疑有; 不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人; 可疑对象*(2020·天津高考)He pulls ut a special device, pints it at the suspect, and switches it n. 他拿出一个特殊的装置, 指向嫌疑人, 然后把它打开。*Snw suspected that the water pump was t blame. 斯诺怀疑是水泵的问题。*They all suspected the man with a mustache t be a player. 他们都猜测留着胡子的那个人是个运动员。
【词块积累】 (1)suspect that. . . 怀疑/认为……(尤指坏事可能属实或发生) suspect sb. t be. . . 怀疑某人是…… suspect sb. f (ding) sth. 怀疑某人(做过)某事 (2)a murder suspect 杀人嫌疑犯 the main/prime suspect 首要嫌疑人
【熟词生义】Sme f the prf they prduced was highly suspect. 他们出示的证据中有些相当不可靠。( )
【名师点津】 有些单词词性不同, 发音不同。作名词时重音在前, 作动词时重音在后, 即“名前动后”。
【小词汇·大文化】The suspect is nt used, nt dubt. 疑则勿用, 用则不疑。
4. blame vt. 把……归咎于; 责怪; 指责 n. 责备; 指责*She desn’t blame anyne fr her father’s injury. 她没把她父亲的受伤归咎于任何人。*Plice blamed the accident n dangerus driving. 警方把事故原因归咎于危险驾驶。*The institute will have t take the blame fr the wrng statistics. 这个机构将不得不对错误的统计数字负责。
【词块积累】(1)blame sb. fr (ding) sth. 因(做)某事责备某人 blame sth. n. . . 把某事归咎于…… be t blame(fr sth. )(对某事)负有责任(2)take the blame fr对……承担责任 put/lay/place the blame fr sth. n. . . 把某事归咎于……
【小词汇·大文化】Bad wrkmen ften blame their tls. 拙匠常怪工具差。(比喻一个人水平不足, 却要怪别的、外界的、客观的因素。)
【即学活用】语法填空(1)Tm’s clleague blamed the failure f the business talk ___him. = Tm’s clleague blamed him ___the failure f the business talk.
5. link n. 联系; 纽带 vt. 把……连接起来; 相关联*Mrever, Snw was later able t shw a link between ther cases f chlera and the different water cmpanies in Lndn. 此外, 斯诺后来还发现了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同供水公司之间的联系。*There is cnvincing prf that skin cancer is linked t expsure t the sun. 有充分的证据表明皮肤癌和阳光暴晒有关系。
【词块积累】(1)a link between. . . (and. . . ) ……(和……)之间的连接(联系)(2)link A t/with B 将A与B联系/连接起来link up (with sb. /sth. )(与某人/某物)连接, 结合be linked t/with. . . 与……有联系/有关
【知识延伸】表示“将……和……连接起来”的短语还有: cnnect. . . with/t. . . ; jin. . . t
【熟词生义】(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Linking arms with ne f the instructrs, I helped carry the yung man ut f the water. ( )我和一个指导员手挽手, 帮忙把那个年轻人抬出了水面。
link vt. 挽住
【即学活用】语法填空(1)Plice suspected there may be a link _______the tw murders. (2)The vide cameras are ______(link)t a pwerful cmputer. (3)The Channel Tunnel links Britain _______ the rest f Eurpe. (4)The relatinships yu are develping nw will prbably ________(link)t the nes yu value later.
6. decrease n. 减少; 降低; 减少量 vt. & vi. (使大小、数量等)减少; 减小; 降低*Thrugh Snw’s tireless effrts, water cmpanies began t sell clean water, and the threat f chlera arund the wrld saw a substantial decrease. 通过斯诺的不懈努力, 供水公司开始销售清洁水, 世界各地的霍乱威胁也大幅减少了。*There has been a decrease in traffic accidents. 交通事故减少了。 *The charge fr transprtatin is n the decrease because f lwer fuel csts. 由于更低的燃料花费, 运输费用在降低。
【词块积累】(1)decrease(frm. . . )t (从……)减少到……(表示减少后的量) decrease by 减少了……(表示减少的量) decrease in 在……方面减少(2)a decrease in. . . ……的减少 n the decrease在减少
【知识延伸】
【小词汇·大文化】Peple wh dn’t want t climb tend t decrease. 不想往上爬的人容易往下降。
【即学活用】根据语境用适当的介词填空(2)The sales f this prduct have decreased _____five millin __three millin. (3)A lcal newspaper remarks that crime is ___the decrease.
7. thanks t幸亏, 由于*Frtunately, we nw knw hw t prevent chlera, thanks t the wrk f Jhn Snw. 幸运的是, 由于约翰·斯诺的工作, 我们现在知道如何预防霍乱。
【知识延伸】表示“因为, 由于”的其他短语:
【即学活用】语法填空(1) ______(we)t the help frm his cmrades, he has made rapid prgress. (2)Thanks __his help, I finished my wrk n time. (3)His schl wrk is suffering because __family prblems. (4)On accunt __his illness, he was never left alne.
8. transfrm vt. 使改观; 使改变形态 vi. 改变; 转变*A new clur scheme will transfrm yur bedrm. 新的色彩调配将使你的卧室焕然一新。*(2020·浙江高考)I learned a lt abut hw t extend the life f bjects and transfrm them int smething new and useful. 我学到了很多关于如何延伸事物的生命并将它们转化为新的和有用的东西。*China’s plan t transfrm Hainan int a free trade prt is expected t spur lcal cnsumptin and enhance cmpetitiveness f duty-free prducts. 中国计划把海南变成自由贸易港的方案有望刺激当地消费, 提高免税产品的竞争力。
【词块积累】transfrm. . . int. . . 把……变成…… transfrmatin n. 改变; 改观
【即学活用】语法填空(1)The magician transfrmed the handkerchief ____a bird. (2)There was a nticeable _____________(transfrm) in his appearance. (3)Life in Britain _______________(transfrm) by the appearance f the steam engine in the past.
transfrmatin
was transfrmed
9. He discvered that in tw particular streets the chlera utbreak was s severe that mre than 500 peple died in ten days. 他发现在两个街道上霍乱传播得如此厉害, 以至于10天之内就有500多人失去了生命。【句式解构】(1)s. . . that. . . 意为“如此……以至于……”, 引导结果状语从句, 此结构中s为副词, 后面跟形容词或副词。其结构为:
(2)such. . . that作“如此……以至于”, 连接一个表示结果的状语从句时, 与s. . . that意思相同, 但用法不同。such后边要跟名词(这个名词前面可以带形容词, 也可以不带), such. . . that的句型结构可分以下三种:
(3)当s或such位于句首时, 主句应用部分倒装形式。*(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The fd is s delicius that yu dn’t need much f it t make yu happy. 食物如此美味, 你不需要吃太多就能感到高兴。
【名师点津】(1)s. . . that引导结果状语从句(2)s that既可引导目的状语从句, 也可引导结果状语从句。
【即学活用】(1)语法填空①(2020·天津高考) It prduces a deafening sund __painful that it temprarily disables a persn. ②There were __many cars n the rad that I culdn’t get thrugh. ③This is ____an abstract prblem that nne can understand it withut effrt.
(2)一句多译她是一个如此聪明的姑娘, 我们都喜欢她。①She is ___________________we all like her. (s. . . that) ②She is _____________________we all like her. (such. . . that) ③________________________we all like her. (s. . . that倒装) ④__________________________we all like her. (such. . . that倒装)
s brilliant a girl that
such a brilliant girl that
S brilliant a girl is she that
Such a brilliant girl is she that
【要点拾遗】1. cntradictry adj. 相互矛盾的; 对立的, 不一致的*In general, dctrs in thse days had tw cntradictry theries t explain hw chlera spread. 总的来说, 当时的医生对霍乱是如何传播的有两种相互矛盾的解释。*(2018·江苏高考)But the infrmatin I gt was rich and varied, r even cntradictry. 但是我获得的信息是丰富的、多样的甚至相反的。
【词块积累】be cntradictry t 与……矛盾/对立
【即学活用】(1)The witness t the accident prvided sme _________________. 这起事故的目击者提供了一些相互矛盾的证据。(2)The tw issues are clsely related, but ______________each ther as well. 这两个问题息息相关, 却又互相矛盾。
cntradictry prf
cntradictry t
2. handle n. 把手; 拉手; 柄 vt. 处理; 搬动; 操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)*Accrdingly, he had the handle f the pump remved s that it culd nt be used. 因此, 他把水泵的把手拿掉了, 这样水泵就不能用了。*The plice are expert at handling situatins like this. 警察处理这类情况很内行。 *The pilt knws hw t handle a plane. 飞行员知道如何操作飞机。
【即学活用】语法填空(1)They have the cnfidence and ability ________(handle) the imprtant matter well. (2)The salesgirl is very gd at ________(handle) difficult custmers, which pleases the manager very much.
3. Mrever, in his use f maps and statistics, Snw transfrmed the way scientists study diseases. 此外, 斯诺利用地图和统计数据改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。【句式解构】本句是主从复合句。scientists study diseases是定语从句, 修饰 the way, 从句省略了关系词 that 或 in which。*Yu culd tell she was freign by the way she dressed. 从她的穿着就可以看出她是外国人。*5G will surely change the way peple wrk and live. 5G将会改变人们的工作和生活方式。
【名师点津】(1)way表示“方式; 方法”时, 其后常接in which或that引导的定语从句, 也可以将关系词in which或that省略掉, 此时关系词在从句中作状语。(2)way后接定语从句时, 如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语, 则用关系代词that/which, 作宾语时还可以省略。(3)way表示“方式; 方法”时, 其后还可接不定式或f ding sth. 的形式。
【即学活用】(1)Hwever, n TV and the radi yu will hear differences in _____________ _____. 然而, 在电视和收音机里你会听到人们说话方式的不同。(2)Smething that happens in yur daily life will change ____________________ ______and the peple in it. 日常生活中发生的事情会改变你看待世界和世人的方式。
the way peple
the way yu lk at the
【拓视野·观天下】1. Republic f Krea’s ppulatin fell year-n-year fr the first time in 2020, census data shwed Sunday, with a recrd lw number f births getting surpassed by deaths t cause a natural decrease. 周日公布的人口普查数据显示, 2020年韩国首次出现人口负增长, 死亡人口数超过新生人口数, 新生人口数创历史新低。2. Up t 85 percent f the Chinese ppulatin will subscribe t mbile services by 2025, while 88 percent f thse subscribers will have smartphnes. 到2025年, 高达85%的中国人口将订阅移动服务, 而其中88%的用户将拥有智能手机。
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