2021北京市延庆区高一下学期期末考试英语试题含答案

这是一份2021北京市延庆区高一下学期期末考试英语试题含答案，共13页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

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延庆区2021--2022学年第二学期期末试卷
高一英语 2021.7
考 1.本试卷共10页，共三大部分，47道小题，满分 100 分，时间90分钟。
生 2.在答题纸上准确填写学校名称、班级、姓名。
须 3.试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。
知 4.考试结束，请将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共三节，45分）
第一节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
Koshiba had a legendary life. When he was a kid, he dreamed of being a soldier or musician, but his dream was broken when his right hand was damaged by polio(小儿麻痹症). While in the hospital, he read Albert Einstein’s books and 1 (become) interested in physics. He never made it to the top of his physics class in high school, but went on to study at the University of Tokyo, then the University of Rochester, 2 he earned his PhD. “There are things in the world you can achieve despite poor academic records,” Koshiba said. “What 3 (count) most is adopting an active attitude toward studying.”
B
Zoos play an important role in the world for conservation and education. They are 4 (particular) important for endangered species. Many animals are critically 5 danger and may go extinct in the wild, but in zoos, they are going strong. Many others are already extinct in the wild and only animals 6 are kept in zoos survive. Even those critics of zoos often recognize that it is better to have species preserved somewhere than lose them altogether, as animals held in zoos 7 (protect) from serious threat.
C
8(wear) different colors can affect how you feel and how others react to you, so it is important to consider this when deciding 9 to wear in the morning. If you want people to take you seriously, put on navy blue or black. Blue would also be helpful for an interview or oral examination because it relaxes you and makes you feel calm. Red gets you noticed by everyone and makes you feel energetic, 10 be careful, as it can raise your heart rate and not everyone wants this effect. So think carefully before you leave your house.
第二节 选词填空（共 8 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 12 分）
阅读下面的短文，用方框所给短语替换划线部分。
in short based on at the heart of attempt to argue with achieve a higher level of understanding our own view get in the way of learning

There are many things we can do to become better learners. We all have two voices. Our inner voice tells us 11 personal opinions and our outer voice deals with others' opinions and things we have heard. If we listen to our inner voice too much, it can 12 block us from learning. If your inner voice is difficult to control, you can 13 disagree with it. One of the best ways to promote active learning is to ask questions. This helps you 14 gain more knowledge about a topic. 15 In a word, we should never stop being curious, Active learners also 16 try to question the world around them and understand the truth 17 deep within every idea. Finally, as active learners, we should never form opinions about people 18 on the basis of first impressions.

第三节 完形填空（共 12 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 18分）
阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
“I was attacked by a tiger shark in October 1997. It was near my home on the island of Kauai. The waves were really good, so nothing was stopping us.” That was until a large shark came right up under Mike and 19 his teeth into Mike’s lower leg. There’d been no splashing, no noise, and Mike felt no pain, only intense pressure on his 20 body.
As he tried to get himself free, the shark bit down harder, shaking its head back and forth and tossing Mike around like a doll. Mike hit the shark hard in the face, again and again until the shark 21 him. As Mike swam back into shore, he felt his lower right leg spamming(痉挛); when he looked down, he realized it was 22 . The shark had bit his lower leg off. Mike’s friends came to his aid immediately, and tried to control severe bleeding and rushed him to the hospital.
When Mike opened his eyes, he realized he was in the hospital.
During the next few weeks, Mike researched prosthetics(假肢) and considered the 23 .
As soon as Mike was given the OK by his doctors, he did what many of us might consider 24 : he started riding the waves again. In fact, his first time back was near the site of his attack. But Mike was unshaken. Instead, he was curious—why was he attacked? Mike 25 that the water had a fishy smell the morning of the attack. Was that what attracted the shark?
His curiosity led him to research sharks, and while he never 26 why he became a target, Mike did learn something that would change his life: Humans are far more 27 to sharks than the other way around, Mike tells Reader’s Digest. “I watched a documentary called Sharkwater, and I learned about the 28 for shark fin soup and the fact that 70 million sharks a year are killed for their fins alone.”
His unique situation as a shark survivor empowered him to give sharks a 29 , Mike says. He began working with the Hawaii state legislature(立法机关) to help pass a 30 on shark-related products. “I partnered with other like-minded shark attack survivors and marine biologists, and we headed to Washington to urge the government to create a nationwide bill protecting sharks.”
19. A. cut B. bit C. sank D. dropped
20. A. upper B. lower C. inner D. heavier
21. A. released B. defeated C. spotted D. replaced
22. A. caught B. stolen C. left D. gone
23. A. injury B. future C. career D. event
24. A. unimportant B. incorrect C. unthinkable D. immature
25. A. proved B. stressed C. recalled D. regretted
26. A. puzzled over B. figured out C. cared about D. looked into
27. A. sensitive B. friendly C. risky D. dangerous
28. A. demand B. anxiety C. benefit D. value
29. A. voice B. challenge C. right D. chance
30. A. plan B. test C. decision D. ban
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，35分）
第一节 阅读选择（共 12 小题；每小题 2 分，共 24 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A
Women Who Changed Science Forever
This International Women’s Day, we’re celebrating three women who changed the face of science forever.
Ellen Ochoa
Ellen Ochoa is an American engineer and retired astronaut. She was the first Latina woman to fly in space as part of the crew of the shuttle Discovery in 1993. Ochoa attended San Diego State University and then continued her education at Stanford. Ochoa regards her mother, whose passion for learning kept her in part-time college courses all through Ochoa’s childhood, as an important influence on her career.
At the end of her flying career, Ochoa had traveled nearly 1,000 hours in space. From 2012 to 2018, Ochoa served as the director of Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, only the second woman to head up NASA’s human spaceflight headquarters.
Mamie Phipps Clark
Mamie Phipps Clark was an American social psychologist(心理学家), who specialized in child development in black children. Born in Arkansas, Clark drew on her early experiences as a black child in the segregated(种族隔离的) American South to help children growing up with the same inequalities.
Clark started at Howard University in 1934, and went on to complete a PhD in psychology. She and Kenneth,now her husband, were the first two black people to earn PhDs at Columbia. With their funding, she started the famous Doll Test, which showed the negative effects of school segregation on black children.
Anandibai Gopalrao Joshee
Anandibai Joshee was to become India’s first woman physician with a medical degree. When she was young, her father strayed(偏离) from the traditional Hindu belief that women should not receive education and encouraged her to go to school. When she was fifteen, she was determined to study medicine, a choice likely influenced by the loss of an infant son and surviving a serious illness herself. At the Woman’s Medical College, Joshee studied devotedly, hoping to return to India to serve other Indian women.
She died in February 1887 at the young age of twenty-one. Despite her short life, Joshee’s accomplishments were remarkable for an Indian woman, and her achievements were enough to open the door for other Indian women to quickly follow.
31. In Ochoa’s idea, what influences her most in her career?
A. Her part-time job in a college. B. Her first flight in space in 1993.
C. Her mother’s desire for knowledge. D. Her experience in NASA headquarters.
32. What is Phipps Clark famous for?
A. Having a PhD in psychology.
B. Fighting against racial discrimination.
C. Starting the test on the growth of children.
D. Devoting herself to the funding of equalities.
33. What do the three great women have in common?
A. They specialized in similar research fields.
B. They all experienced inequality in education.
C. They were pioneers changing our belief in women.
D. They were scientists influencing our way of learning.
34. Which of the following word best describes the three women?
A. Dedicated. B. Modest. C. Creative. D. Caring.
B
ECycling refers to the recycling of electronic items, which are becoming a common problem in American home and throughout the world. The EPA, or Environmental Protection Agency, has actually started a program to help and motivate the recycling of electronics.
To get the program to the regional and neighborhood levels, the EPA directed “Plug-In to eCycling Partners.” These partnerships support electronic reusing programs in individual communities. They provide local governments, retailers and manufacturers with opportunities to reuse and recycle their items. Those who make and offer electronic devices then promote programs and opportunities for consumers to reuse their second-hand electronic products. One of the E PA’s goals is to enlighten customers about why the recycling of electronics is so important. They likewise wish to make eCycling chances easily accessible to specific consumers and their family electronics. According to the EPA, the eCycling program has actually been quite successful. In 2008, the EPA collected 66.5 million pounds of electronic devices through their Plug-In Partners.
Local governments have actually likewise got on board and passed laws intended to handle used electronic devices. Huge corporations have actually introduced eCycling programs at their local retail stores. One seller offer customers small, medium and big boxes for sale, which the customers then load with used electronics and go back to the store. Typically, customers bring their recyclable electronics to a location. When the electronic items are gathered by the EPA (typically this is done by the Partners), they are reused or recycled.
Reused items are repaired and refurbished(翻新), and passed on to others as a contribution. You can repair or recondition your very own electronic devices too, extending the life of the items and conserving the energy of making new materials. Reusing electronic devices includes making use of the products and parts of the items. These materials and parts are then made use of to produce another item. This is more efficient than making items from new materials.
Some items that are commonly eCycled consist of televisions, computer monitors, printers, notebook computer, keyboards and cable televisions. Less usual items include copying machines, CD players, voice mail machines, computer hard drives, mobile telephones, remote controls, radios, batteries, telephones, facsimile machines and computer games. Occasionally, electronic items such as microwaves, fans, vacuums, smoke alarms, and toasters are eCycled.
As the eCycling program continues, you or your organization may want to get involved. Check the EPA’s internet site (www.epa.gov) for regional eCycling programs, or for details on how your company can participate. Their website has links to organizations that are taking part in the eCycling program.
35. The E PA brought about “Plug-In to eCycling Partners” to __________.
A. make and offer electronic devices to consumers
B. make customers understand the importance of eCycling
C. make the program accessible to local regions and communities
D. make it possible for consumers to reuse their used e-products

36. The Plug-In Partners are mainly engaged in __________.
A. repairing electronic devices B. gathering recyclable electronics
C. reusing second-hand e-products D. offering customers different boxes for sale
37. What can we infer from the passage?
A. People can sell their reused items on the Internet.
B. Individuals can’t take part in eCycling programs.
C. Devices of computers are well eCycled.
D. Not every electronic item can be eCycled.
38. What is the main purpose of this passage?
A. To introduce a new way to save costs.
B. To teach customers how to recycle electronics.
C. To attract people to join in the eCycling programs.
D. To call on local governments to support Plug-In Partners.
C
What role might arts play in response to climate change and related economic and ecological crises?
It’s often said that a novel, a painting, a song or a motion picture changed how a lot of people thought or felt about the world. Anthropologists(人类学家) and historians rightly argue that major changes in society have sprung up not from the arts, but from our relationship to our environment. Nevertheless, artists’ efforts help shape the terms by which society adapts to such changes and their consequences. Think of how Beethoven marked the beginnings of modern democracy and the nascent(初期的) Industrial Revolution. Or how Hollywood writers and directors inspired massive support for the U.S. war effort during the early 1940s.
We have embarked on a century in which the societal systems have been built since the start of the Industrial Revolution. Our food system, transport system, energy system, financial system, and possibly our political and governance systems were designed during an era in which fossil fuels met the great quantity of our fast-growing energy demand. But fossil fuels are exhaustible resources, and their reduction will drive evermore desperate methods of extraction(提炼), create evermore environmental risk and require evermore capital—even as alternative energy sources they are also costly. Further, burning fossil fuels changes our planet’s climate. So, at the same time our economy will need to be redesigned to run on entirely different energy sources, and the natural world will be shifting around us in unprecedented(空前的) ways, with more frequent disastrous storms, floods, droughts etc.
Everything will be up for negotiation, redesign and change. And artists have the opportunity and duty to translate the resulting tumultuous(动荡的) human experience into words, images, and music that help people not just to understand these events mentally, but also to come to grips with them willingly. The economic and environmental shifts described above are currently being detailed in ever-greater specificity in hundreds of reports released yearly by climate and energy experts. What’s missing in their carefully worded journal articles is the human dimensions of imagination, joy or sorrow, inspiration, and passion. Art can help us cope with the possible effects of our collective challenges. It can help prepare society for a possibly painful future. It can give voice to suffering and loss, helping people deal with life’s unavoidable stress. And it can also offer beauty, which can be especially important in hard times.
Meaningful art can and must express the chaos we encounter and help us process it mentally and emotionally. To achieve this, artists need to dig deeper, observe more closely and help their audiences connect abstract explanations and forecasts with actual experiences.

39. The author mentions Beethoven to suggest that __________.
A. musicians can easily adapt to changes in society
B. music can control the social change of the world
C. anthropologists are right about major changes in society
D. art serves as a bridge for people to understand the world
40. What do the underlined words “come to grips with” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. start to create B. begin to deal with C. try to record D. take an interest in
41. According to the author, the artists __________.
A. are expected to show human experience in works
B. deal with the unpleasant events willingly
C. help people forecast painful future
D. are the voice of suffering and loss
42. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Art in Greater Need during Climate Change
B. The Relationship Between Society and Art
C. The Climate Clues Hidden in Art History
D. The Best Ways to Change the World

第二节 阅读回答问题（共 4 题；43-45每小题 2 分，46题5分，共 11 分）
阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
Your Food Choices Affect the Earth’s Climate
Every action has a cost, even for growing food and delivering it to your dinner plate. A team of researchers has found that meat production releases more climate-warming pollution than it does when producing fruits, vegetables, nuts and grains. Their calculations suggest that people could do a lot to slow global warming if they limited how much meat they eat.
There are plenty of “costs” of food. As to the visible costs, people pay money for the food as well as the fuel needed to get groceries to the store or restaurant. However, producing foods also takes resources, for example, the water used to irrigate(灌溉) crop fields or the fertilizer and chemicals used to promote plant growth and fight pests.
Peter Scarborough at the University of Oxford in England decided to calculate some of the less-visible pollution created by food production. His team focused on greenhouse gases emitted through the production of our food, including carbon dioxide(CO₂), methane(甲烷) and the nitrous oxide. All three gases are important. While CO₂ is the greenhouse gas released in the highest volume, methane and nitrous oxide stay in the atmosphere far longer than CO₂ does. As such, they are more powerful in warming the earth’s atmosphere.
They used a computer to change the methane and nitrous oxide emissions for each person’s diet into its carbon-dioxide “equivalent.” That’s the amount of CO₂ needed to warm the earth’s atmosphere by the same amount as the methane or nitrous oxide would.
As for the calculations of the carbon dioxide “equivalent(等量)”, in the 1990s, a survey asked 65,000 adults what they typically had eaten throughout the past year. Scarborough’s team fed those data into a computer and then included the amount of greenhouse gases linked with producing nearly 100 common foods. Then the computer matched those greenhouse-gas amounts to the mix of foods each person had reported eating.
It shows that the diet of someone whose meals included an average of 50 to 99 grams of meat each day would be responsible for the daily release of 5.6 kilograms of CO₂ equivalent while those vegans had the lowest diet-linked greenhouse-gas emissions (2.9 kg of CO₂ equivalent).
Its authors conclude that reducing the intake of meat and other animal-based products can make a valuable contribution to climate change reduction. And compared to meat, more plant-based food calories can be grown on more lands with less water and other resources. In places where many people are going hungry, raising meat may make it harder to ensure that everyone gets enough to eat.

43. What are the visible costs of food mentioned in the article?

44. According to the author, why can our food choices affect the earth’s climate?


45. Read the following statement and underline the false part and explain the reason.
Plant-based food can adapt to more types of lands than meat, but they may have a higher requirement of water and other resources，which can be a disadvantage of such food.

46. Apart from food choices, are there any other ways for you to protect the environment? List two or more.（40字左右的段落）
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________




第三部分：书面表达（共一题， 20 分）

47. 假如你是红星中学高一学生李华，你校将举办一次环保主题活动。请你写一封邮件，邀请你班交换生 Jim 参加。邮件内容包括：
1. 该活动的目的；
2. 该活动的日程（例如时间、地点、内容等）；
3. 询问对方意向。
注意：1. 100 词左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________Yours,
Li Hua












高一年级第二学期期末答案
英 语 2021. 7
第一部分：知识运用（共三节，48分）
第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
1. became 2. where 3. counts 4. particularly 5. in
6. that/which 7. are protected 8. Wearing 9. what 10. but
评分标准：
所填内容使句子达意，且拼写正确计1.5分；拼写不正确或形式错误不得分。
第二节 选词填空（共8小题；每小题1.5分，共12分）
11. our own view 12. get in the way of learning 13. argue with 14. achieve a higher level of understanding 15. in short 16. attempt to 17. at the heart of 18. based on
评分标准：
所填内容使句子达意，且拼写正确计1.5分；拼写不正确或形式错误不得分。
第三节 完形填空（共12小题；每小题1.5分，共18分）
19—23 CBADB 24—28 CCBDA 29—30 AD

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，36分）
第一节 阅读选择（共12小题；每小题2分，共24分）
A篇：30—33 CBCA B篇：34—37 CBDC C篇：38—41 DBAA

第二节 阅读回答问题（共4小题；45-46每小题1.5分，47小题3分，48小题5分，共11分）
42. People pay money for the food as well as the fuel needed to get groceries to the store or restaurant.
43. Because meat production releases more climate-warming pollution than that does to producing fruits, vegetables, nuts and grains and people could do a lot to slow global warming if they limited how much meat they eat.
44. 划线应从but开始划到最后。According to the text, the plant-based food can not only be grown on more lands, but such food will also use less water and other resources instead of more of that, which can be an advantage of such food.
45. I will try my best to save electricity, for example, using energy-efficient light bulbs instead of regular bulbs, which can last longer. Also, I will make sure to turn off lights, the TV, and other appliances when I’m not using them. Another way to reduce electricity use is to lower the air conditioning or heat when it’s not necessary.
评分标准：
正确写出关键信息且能达意2分，写出关键信息但有两处以上语法或拼写错误1分，抄写原文，涵盖答案内容，但抄写多余信息扣1分。
第三部分：书面表达（共一题，共20分）
Possible Version 1
Dear Jim,
How have you been recently? As the World Environmental Day is coming, an educational activity aiming to raise our awareness of environment protection will be held in our school. I believe you will be interested in it.
Let me tell you more about the arrangement. On the morning of June 5th, a professor will give a lecture at 9:00 in the central hall, through which we can get more knowledge in this field. Then in the afternoon, an exhibition of some world-famous artworks on protecting the earth will be held in the Students’ Activity Center.
What do you think of this activity? Would you like to come and join us? I’m looking forward to your participation.
Yours,
Li Hua
Possible Version 2
Dear Jim,
How have you been recently? As the World Environmental Day is around the corner, a series of eye-opening and educational activities will be held in our school with the theme of making peace with nature. Since you’re concerned about the environmental issues, I believe it will be of great interest to you.
The aim of the activity is to raise our awareness of environment protection and call for students to put in their efforts to make the world a better place to live in. After all, small changes can bring about a big difference.
Let me tell you more about the specific arrangement. On the morning of June 5th, a professor will give a lecture at 9:00 in the central hall on the significance of living a low-carbon life. Not only can we obtain some professional knowledge in this field, we can also get some practical tips such as ways of saving water, paper and electricity at school. Then in the afternoon, an art exhibition named REIMAGINE RECOVER RESTORE will be held in the Students’ Activity Center. You can’t miss the wonderful presentation about some international award-winning paintings and sculptures. They depict the damage nature has suffered and the efforts to reverse it. What’s more, craftwork made with recycled materials by our schoolmates will also be on display.
What do you think of this activity after my introduction? Would you like to come and join us? I’m looking forward to your participation and you are bound to love it.
Yours,
Li Hua
评分标准

档次
分数
描述
第一档
20~18分
完全符合题目要求，观点正确, 要点齐全。句式多样，词汇丰富。语言准确，语意连贯，表达清楚，具有逻辑性。
第二档
17~15分
基本符合题目要求，观点正确, 要点齐全。语法结构和词汇基本满足文章需要。语言基本通顺，语意基本连贯，表达基本清楚。基本没有语言错误。
第三档
14~12分
基本符合题目要求，观点正确, 要点齐全。语法结构和词汇基本满足文章需要。语言基本通顺，语意基本连贯，表达基本清楚。虽然有少量语言错误，但不影响整体理解。
第四档
11~8分
部分内容符合题目要求，要点不齐全。语法结构和词汇错误较多，语言不通顺，表达不够清楚，影响整体理解。
第五档
7~5分
有一部分与题目相关，要点较少。语法结构和词汇错误很多，语言不通顺，表达不清楚，影响整体理解。
第四档
4~0分
与题目有关内容不多，只是简单拼凑词语，所写内容难以理解。