中考英语语法复习——形容词、副词的用法归纳及练习 (有答案)

这是一份中考英语语法复习——形容词、副词的用法归纳及练习 (有答案)，共14页。试卷主要包含了形容词，形容词的用法归纳，副词的用法归纳等内容，欢迎下载使用。


一、形容词、副词的概念
形容词顾名思义形容人、事或物的特点，所以多修饰名词性成分。副词是用来修饰动词，说明动作或行为的方式、状态等，在句中做状语，除修饰动词外，副词也可修饰形容词。形容词放在人或物后面，起修饰作用。副词用来修饰动词,表示做得怎么样，也可以修饰整个句子。
二、形容词的用法归纳
一）形容词的定义:
形容词是指用来修饰名词或代词的词类, 表示人或事物的性质, 状态,和特征。 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语，补语。
She is a gd student, and she wrks hard.
她是一个好学生,她学习努力。
This bike is expensive.
这辆自行车很贵。
I am srry, I am busy nw.
对不起,我现在很忙。
Have yu gt everything ready fr the meeting?
你为这次会议做好准备吗?
二）形容词在句中的位置:
形容词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时, 则由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定, 越密切的形容词越靠近名词。如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多则按音节少的形容词放在前面, 音节多的形容词放在后面。
注意：
1. 英语单词中,smething, anything, nthing 等不定代词被形容词修饰时,形容词放在名词后面。
I have smething imprtant t tell yu.
我有重要的事要告诉你。
Is there anything interesting in the film.
电影里有什么有趣的内容吗？
There is nthing dangerus here.
这儿一点都不危险。
2. 由两个或两个以上的词组成的形容词词组修饰名词时须放在名词之后。
This is the bk easy t read.
这是一本容易读的书。
3. 用 and 或 r 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。
Everybdy, man and wman, ld and yung, shuld attend the meeting.
每一个人,男女老少,都应该参加会议。
Yu can take any bx away, big r small.
这些箱子，不管大小，你都可以拿走。
三）形容词的原级、比较级和最高级:
绝大多数形容词有三种形式,原级,比较级和最高级, 以表示形容词说明的性质在程度上的不同。
1. 形容词的原级: 形容词的原级形式就是词典中出现的形容词的原形。 例如:
pr, tall ,great, glad ,bad 等。
2. 原级常用结构：主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。
This bx is as big as mine.
这个盒子和我的一样大。
This cat is as cheap as that ne.
这件衣服同那件衣服一样便宜。
I study English as hard as my brther.
我同我兄弟一样学习努力。
3. 形容词的比较级和最高级形式变化:
形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在形容词的原级形式的基础上变化的。 分为规则变化和不规则变化。
规则变化如下:
1) 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。
great (原级) greater(比较级) greatest(最高级)
2) 以 -e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -r 和 -st 构成。
wide (原级) wider (比较级) widest (最高级)
3)少数以-y, -er, -w, -ble结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。
clever(原级) cleverer(比较级) cleverest(最高级)
narrw (原级) narrwer (比较级) narrwest(最高级)
4) 以 -y 结尾,但 -y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级把 -y 去掉,加上 -ier 和-est 构成.
happy (原形) happier (比较级) happiest (最高级)
5) 以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加 -er和-est。
big (原级) bigger (比较级) biggest (最高级)
6) 双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用mre 和 mst 加在形容词前面来构成。
beautiful (原级) difficult (原级)
mre beautiful (比较级) mre difficult (比较级)
mst beautiful (最高级) mst difficult (最高级)
7) 常用的不规则变化的形容词的比较级和最高级:
原级 比较级 最高级
gd better best
many mre mst
much mre mst
bad wrse wrst
little less least
ill wrse wrst
far farther(further) farthest(furthest)
8) 形容词前如加 less 和 least 则表示"较不"和"最不"
imprtant 重要
less imprtant 较不重要
least imprtant 最不重要
四）形容词比较级的用法:
形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较,其结构形式如下:
1） 主语+谓语(系动词)+ 形容词比较级+than+ 对比成分。
也就是, 含有形容词比较级的主句+than+从句。注意从句常常省去意义上和主句相同的部分, 而只剩下对比的成分。
Our teacher is taller than we are.
我们老师的个子比我们的高。
It is warmer tday than it was yesterday.
今天的天气比昨天暖和。
This picture is mre beautiful than that ne.
这张照片比那张照片漂亮。
This meeting is less imprtant than that ne.
这次会议不如那次会议重要。
The sun is much bigger than the mn.
太阳比月亮大得多。
2) 比较级前的修饰语可用表示程度或数量的词或短语，主要有：even, still ,
much, far, rather, any(用于否定句或 疑问句), a lt , a great deal, by far, a little , a bit , three times, tw metres 等。
Are yu feeling any better?
I’m tw years lder than yu.
I’m rather taller than yu.
3）The+形容词比较级..., the+形容词比较级... 表示 " 越...， 就越..."。
The mre yu study, the mre yu knw.
你学的越多, 就知道的越多。
The mre I have, the mre I want.
我越有就越想要有。
The mre, the better.
越多越好。
4）形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 ", 表示 " 越来越... "。
It&aps;s getting htter and htter.
天气越来越热了.
It&aps;s pity he is getting prer and prer.
真可怜他越来越穷了。
The cmputer is cheaper and cheaper.
计算机越来越便宜。
She is getting mre and mre beautiful.
5） 比较级的倍数：
"倍数+as…as" 或 "倍数+比较级+than" 或“倍数+ 相应的名词”三种结构。
This table is three times the size f that ne.
This table is three times as large as that ne.
This table is twice larger than that ne.
6) 比较级范围是由f引出两者之间的比较，比较级前要用定冠词 。
He is the taller f the tw. 两人中他高一点。
He is the yunger f the tw. 两人中他年轻一点。
五）形容词最高级的用法:
1）主语+谓语(系动词)+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句。
She is the best student in her class.
她是班上最好的学生。
Shanghai is ne f the biggest cities in China.
上海是中国最大城市之一。
This is the biggest apple I have ever met.
这是我见到的最大的苹果。
Tm is the tallest by in his basketball team.
汤姆是他们篮球队中个子最高的孩子。
2）比较级句型和同级比较句型中出现否定词n , never , nthing等，也可表达最高级含义。
I lve nthing better than swimming . (= I lve swimming best.)
I have never seen as ld a car as this. (= This is the ldest car I&aps;ve ever seen.)
六）形容词的其他特殊用法:
1）mst 同形容词连用而不用 the, 表示 "极,很,非常, 十分", 这时无范围；有范围时用最高级。
She is a mst lvely girl. (mst = very )
She is the mst lvely girl in ur class. (最)
2）“the + 形容词” 表示一类人或事物。
He always helps the pr.
他经常帮助穷人。
I like t have a talk with the yung.
我喜欢同年轻人谈话。
He expects me t d the impssible.
他指望我做不可能的事。
3) 几个短语的含义：
n mre than = nly 或 as … as 只有， 仅仅
nt mre than = at mst 至多，不超过
n less than 有…之多 nt less than 不少于
n mre than 和 n less than也是固定词组，分别表示"只不过"和"有……之多"、
"多达"。（带有感情色彩）
I have n mre than ten dllars. 我只有10块钱。（有嫌少的意思）
In ur schl there are n less than 250 teachers.
我们学校里的教师有250位之多。（强调多）
nt mre than和nt less than，nt mre than(=at mst)表示"不多于"、"至多"，
nt less than(=at least)表示"不少于"、"至少"。（表示客观事情）
The experiment was dne by nt mre than 5 persns.
做这个试验的人不到5个。
There were nt less than ne hundred peple at the meeting.
到会的至少有100人。
4) 同形的副词和形容词
fast train 快车 hard wrkers 干活卖力的工人
run fast 跑得快 wrk hard 干活卖力，工作努力
right answer 正确的回答 enugh fd 足够的食物
d everything right 样样事情做得对 large enugh 足够大
in the late afternn 傍晚 in the early mrning 一大早
wrk late 工作得晚 cme early 来得早
其他如straight, wide, high, lw也都能用作形容词和副词。例如：
He drew a straight line n the paper. 他在纸上划了一条直线。
He went straight t the rm. 他径直朝那房子走去。
5) 具有两种形式的副词
英语中有些副词有两种形式，但其意义不同。
The statin is quite near. 车站就在附近。(near用作形容词)
He lives near. 他就住在附近。(near用作副词)
It&aps;s nearly nine &aps;clck. 将近九点钟了。(nearly用作副词，但其含义是：将近、几乎)
The cake is hard. 这蛋糕太硬。 (用作形容词)
The test is hard. 测验太难。
He is a hard wrker. 他是一个干活卖力的工人。
We all wrk hard. 我们都努力工作。(hard用作副词)
I can hardly understand yu. 我不太懂你的意思。 意为：几乎不
There was hardly a clud in the sky. 天空几乎没有云彩。
He is late. 他迟到了。(late用作形容词)
He went t bed late last night. 他昨晚很晚才睡觉。(late用作副词)
Have yu seen her lately? 你最近看见过她吗?(lately意为：最近)
6)几个形容词修饰一个名词时的语序
当同时用几个形容词来修饰一个名词时，一般可按照以下顺序：
限定词（a, ne’s）+ 描绘性形容词+ 大小、长短、高低 + 时间、年龄 + 颜色+国 籍、出处 + 材料 + 被修饰名词。如：
a beautiful yung Chinese girl 一位年轻貌美的中国姑娘
tw shrt ld Japanese businessmen 两位矮个子日本老商人
a little white stne bridge 一座白色小石桥
a small rund yellw French wden writing desk 一张黄色法国木制小圆书桌
7) 英语中有些形容词一般只能作表语，不能放在名词前作定语 ，
如以a-开头的形容词，afraid, asleep, alne, awake, alive。另外，ill, glad, srry, sure, well也不能放在名词前作定语。
注意：
sick (患病) 与ill不同，sick既可以作表语也可以作定语而ill则不能，试比较：
These children are ill / sick. 这些孩子病了。
The nurse is taking care f the sick children. 护士正在 照料患病的孩子们。(不能用ill) 
另外，在度量衡用语中，形容词通常放在度量单位之后。例如：
I&aps;m 1.80 metres tall. 我身高1.80米。
The rm is 32 feet wide. 这间房子有32英尺宽。
8) 某些以-ly结尾的形容词
英语中有一些以-ly结尾的形容词，不要误以为是副词。
deadly 致命的 friendly 友好的 lnely 孤单的
likely 可能的 lvely 可爱的 lively 愉快的
brtherly 兄弟般的 fatherly 父亲似的 ugly 难看的 silly 愚蠢的
还有一些与时间有关的词，虽以-ly结尾，但既可以用作形容词又可以用作副词，如：
daily 每日(的) weekly 每周一次(的)
mnthly 每月一次(的) yearly 每年一次(的)
9) can nt …t / can nt …enugh 怎么…也不为过
Yu can nt be t careful. / Yu can nt be careful enugh. 越细心越好。
I can nt thank yu t much. / I can nt thank yu enugh. 我对你感激不尽。
10) 形容词作状语
形容词作状语表示伴随或结果，并不表达动词的方式。
He lay in bed, cld and hungry.
He returned hme, safe and sund.
He lay in bed, wide awake.
三、副词的用法归纳
副词的定义: 副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。
一）副词的分类:
1) 时间和频度副词:
nw, then, ften, always, usually, early, tday, lately, next, last, already, generally, frequently, seldm, ever, never, yet, sn, t, immediately, hardly, finally, shrtly, befre, ag, smetimes, yesterday.
2) 地点副词:
here, there, everywhere, anywhere, in, ut, inside, utside, abve, belw, dwn, back, frward, hme, upstairs, dwnstairs, acrss, alng, rund , arund, near, ff, past, up, away, n.
3) 方式副词:
carefully, prperly, anxiusly, suddenly, nrmally, fast, well, calmly, plitely, prudly, sftly, warmly
4) 程度副词:
much, little, very, rather, s, t, still, quite, perfectly, enugh, extremely, entirely, almst, slightly.
5) 疑问副词:
hw, when, where, why.
6) 关系副词:
when, where, why.
7) 连接副词:
hw, when, where, why, whether.
二）副词的用法: 副词在句中可作状语,表语,补语。
He wrks hard.
他工作努力。
Yu speak English quite well.
你英语讲的很好。
Is she in ?
她在家吗?
Let's be ut.
让我们出去吧。
Fd here is hard t get.
这儿很难弄到食物。
We went t her huse but we fund her ut.
我们到她家里去，发现她不在家。
I want it back right nw.
我要马上把它还给我。
三）副词的位置:
1) 多数副词都可以放在动词的后面,如果动词带有宾语,副词就放在宾语后面。
I get up early in the mrning everyday.
我每天早早起床。
He gave me a gift yesterday.
他昨天给了我一件礼物。
She didn't drink water enugh.
她没喝够水。
The train ges fast.
火车跑得快。
We can g t this schl freely.
我们可以免费到这家学校学习。
They left a life hardly then.
当时他们的生活很艰难。
He has a new cat n tday.
他今天戴了一顶新帽子。
I have seen this film twice with my friends.
这部电影我和朋友看过两次。
2) 程度副词一般放在它所修饰的词前面。
It's rather easy, I can d it.
这很容易,我能做到。
He did it quite well.
他做得相当好。
It's rather difficult t tell wh is right.
很难说谁是对的。
It's s imprtant that I must tell my friends.
这件事太重要了，我得告诉我的朋友。
It's much better. 好多了。
注意；enugh 放在它所修饰的形容词和副词的后面。
Yu can never be careful enugh.
Grandma was able t run fast enugh t catch up with the child.
3) 频度副词可放在实义动词的前面,助动词的后面，如果有多个助动词，放在第一个助动词后面。
I ften help him these days.
这些日子我经常帮助他。
I always remember the day when I first came
t this schl.
我常常记得我第一次来学校的那一天。
Yu mustn't always help me.
你不能老是帮助我。
He seldm cmes t see us.
他很少来看我们。
We usually g shpping nce a week.
我们通常一周买一次东西。
The new students dn't always g t dance.
新学生并不时常去跳舞。
Yu must nt always be translating everything int Chinese.
你不要把什么都翻译成汉语。
I shall never be afraid f any difficulties.
我将不怕任何困难。
4) 有些副词常放句首。如：nw, tday, certainly, frtunately…
Nw he is attending Tangshan N. 1 High Schl.
Certainly I will cme n time.
Frtunately, Lincln’s step mther was kind t him.
5)先地点后时间，和汉语相反。
We went shpping in the supermarket at 9 'clck yesterday.
昨天九点钟我们到超市买东西了.
What were yu ding in the classrm yesterday evening?
昨天下午你在教室里干什么？
四）副词的比较级和最高级:
副词和形容词一样,也有它的比较级和最高级形式. 可以参考形容词的变换形式。但以词尾 -ly 结尾的副词（除 early ）须用 mre 和 mst 。
hard harder hardest
fast faster fastest
early earlier earliest
much mre mst
warmly mre warmly mst warmly
1）单音节副词的比较级是在副词后面加上 -er 构成的，最高级是在副词后面加上 -est 构成的。
near nearer nearest
hard harder hardest
2）多音节副词的比较级是在副词的前面加上 -mre 构成的。 最高级是在副词前面加上 -mst 构成的。
warmly mre warmly mst warmly
successfully mre successfully mst successfully
3）有些副词的比较级和最高级形式是不规则的。
well- better – best little - less - least
much - mre - mst badly - wrse - wrst
far – farther ( further) – farthest ( furthest )
4）副词的比较级和最高级用法同形容词的比较级用法基本一样。 不同的是最高级形式句中the 可以省略。
He wrks harder than I.
他比我工作努力。
Lucy gets up earlier than Lili.
露西比丽丽起床早。
He runs fastest in ur class.
他在我们班跑地最快。
He dives deeper than his teammates.
他比他的队员潜水深。
It's true that he speaks English mre fluently than any f us.
他英语讲的确实比我们任何人都好。
Our schl team plays ftball best in ur regin.
我们校队在我们地区足球踢得最好的。
五）副词的其他重要用法
1）much t 太；t much 太多
He is much t fat.
He eats t much meat every day.
2) 可以放在t 前的词：much, far, rather, a lt, a bit , a little
Yu hair is far t lng. G and have it cut.
The trusers are a lt t lng.
The sweater is a bit / a little t lng. 羊毛衫有点短。
3) this / that = s
I can’t jump that high.
4) well 非常，在很大程度上
I knw him well.
It’s well wrth ding.
He is well ver frty.
5) hw / t / as / s + adj. + a …
Hw clever a by!
This is t hard a task fr a child.
Tm is as clever a by as Jim.
Tm is nt s clever a by as Peter.
6) can nt … t…; can nt … enugh 怎么… 也不为过
Yu can never be t careful.
Yu can never be careful enugh.
I can’t thank yu t much.
I can’t thank yu enugh.
7) 两种形式的副词。如：
deep 深 -- deeply 深深地
high 高 -- highly 高度地
wide 宽 -- widely 广泛地
clse 靠近 --- clsely 仔细地
late 晚 --- lately 最近
mst prn. 大多数 --- mstly 大多数；大多数情况下
He studied deep int the night. 他学习到深夜。
He lved the girl deeply. 他深爱着女孩。
He jumps higher than I. 他比我跳得高。
We think highly f ur teacher.
我们对我们的老师评价很高。
He pened all the windws wide t let the fresh air in.
他把所有的窗户开得很大，好让新鲜空气进来。
She is widely knwn in China. 她在中国的知名度很高。
It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cld, s she std clse t her mther. 靠近妈妈。
Please watch the by clsely. 盯紧这个孩子。
Yu came late again. 迟到
What have yu been ding lately? 最近忙什么

Mst f the students are sixteen. 多数学生
The students are mstly sixteen. 多数学生
但是：The students are almst sixteen. 学生们将近16岁了。
形容词、副词专项练习：
( )1.—I feel really _______ befre the interview.
—Take it easy.Sure yu're the best.
A．patient B．serius C．cl D．nervus
( )2.— I'm a little _______ nw.
— Oh, it's lunch time.Let's g t the nearest restaurant t get smething t eat.
A．thirsty B．wrried C．hungry D．bred
( )3.The little dancer frm Australia lks _______ in the lng skirt.
A．gently B．happily C．beautifully D．lvely
( )4.A persn wh is _______ des nt tell lies r cheat peple.
A．careless B．stupid C．hnest D．humrus
( )5.It's every pliceman's dream t keep peple _______ and the traffic in gd rder.
A．safe B．healthy C．busy D．famus
( )6.The stry bk is very _______. I'm very ________ in it.
A．interesting; interested B．interested; interesting
C．interest; interested D．interesting; interest
( )7.— Are yu feeling _______?
— Yes, I’m fine nw.
A. any well B. any better C. quite gd D. quite better
( )8. — If yu dn’t like the red cat, take the blue ne.
— OK, but d yu have ______ size in blue? This ne is a bit tight fr me.
A. a big B. a bigger C. the big D. the bigger
( )9. She desn’t speak _______ her friends, but her written wrk is excellent.
A. as well as B. as ften as C. s much as D. as gd as
( )10. It takes a lng time t g there by train; it’s _______by rad.
A. quick B. the quickest C. much quicker D. quickest
( )11. If we wrk with a strng will, we can vercme any difficulty, ______ great it is.
A. what B. hw C. hwever D. whatever
( )12 . We visited sme friends, and spent the _______ days at the seaside.
A. few last sunny B. last few sunny
C. last sunny few D. few sunny last
( )13. Can yu believe that in _____ a rich cuntry there shuld be ______many pr peple?
A. such; such B. such; s C. s; s D. s; such
( )14. We decided nt t climb the muntain because it was raining _______.
A. badly B. hardly C. strngly D. heavily
( )15. Hw beautifully she sings! I have never heard _______.
A. the better vice B. a gd vice
C. the best vice D. a better vice
( )16. Wait till yu are mre _______. It’s better t be sure than srry.
A. inspired B. satisfied C. calm D. certain
( )17. _______, Mther will wait fr him t have dinner tgether.
A. Hwever late is he B. Hwever he is late
C. Hwever is he late D. Hwever late he is
( )18. It was _______ late t catch a bus after the party; therefre we called a taxi.
A. t very B. much t C. t much D. far
( )19. Of the tw sisters, Betty is ______ ne, and she is als the ne wh lves t be quiet.
A. a yunger B. a yungest C. the yunger D. the yungest
( )20. If I had _______ , I’d visit Eurpe, stpping at all the small interesting hliday.
A. a lng enugh hliday B. an enugh lng hliday
C. a hliday enugh lng D. a lng hliday enugh
( )21. All the peple _______at the party were his supprters.
A. present B. thankful C. interested D. imprtant
( )22. Bris has brains. In fact, I dubt whether anyne in the class has ______ IQ (智商) .
A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest
( )23. Attentin, cffee lvers! We have fr yu, the best cffee machine _____ invented.
A. ever B. already C. even D. nwadays
( )24. These ranges taste＿＿＿.
A. gd B. well C. t be gd D. t be well
( )25. — Are yu satisfied with her answer?
— Nt at all. It culdn’t have been ______.
A. wrse B. s bad C. better D. the wrst
( )26. — I was riding alng the street and all f a sudden, a car cut in and kncked me dwn.
— Yu can never be ______ careful in the street.
A. much B. very C. s D. t
( )27. — Must I turn ff the gas after cking?
— Of curse. Yu can never be _____ careful with that.
A. enugh B. t C. s D. very
( )28. I haven’t seen＿＿＿this since I cllected stamps.
A. as ld a stamp as B. s an ld stamp as
C. stamp as ld as D. as an ld stamp as
( )29. —— Mum, I think I’m ＿＿＿t get back t schl.
—— Nt really, my dear. Yu’d better stay at hme fr anther day r tw.
A. s well B. s gd C. well enugh D. gd enugh
( )30. ＿＿＿ bx cannt be lifted by a by f five.
A. S a heavy B. S heavy a C. A such heavy D. Such heavy a
( )31. —— Can I help yu?
—— Well, I’m afraid the bx is＿＿＿heavy fr yu, but thank yu all the same.
A. rather B. much C. very D. t
( )32. When they came in, Mr Harris＿＿＿like a baby. Nbdy wuld like t wake him frm a gd dream, because he needed rest.
A. fell asleep B. was sund asleep C. went t bed D. went t sleep
( )33. He did it _____ it tk me.
A. ne-third a time B. ne-third time C. the ne-third time D. ne-third the time
( )34. The huse rent is expensive. I’ve gt abut half the space I had at hme and I’m paying ____ here.
A. as three times much B. as much three times
C. much as three times D. three times as much
( )35. Americans eat _____ vegetables per persn tday as they did in 1910.
A. mre than twice B. as twice as many C. twice many D. twice as many
( )36.After the new technique was intrduced, the factry prduced ______cmputers as the year befre.
A. as twice many B. as many twice
C. twice as many D. twice many as
( )37. It is reprted that the United States uses ______energy as the whle f Eurpe.
A. as twice B. twice much C. twice much as D. twice as much
( )38. At a rugh estimate, Nigeria is ______ Great Britain.
A. three times the size as B. the size three times f
C. three times as the size f D. three times the size f
( )39. — Have yu been t New Zealand?
— N, I’d like t, ______.
A. t B. thugh C. yet D. either
( )40. — Hw is everything ging n with yu in Eurpe?
— Quite well. Nt s smthly as I hped, ______.
A. thugh B. instead C. either D. t

参考答案：
1—5 DCDCA
6—10ABBAC
11—15CBBDD
16—20DDBCA
21—25ABAAA
26—30DBACB
31—35DBDDD
36—40CDDBA