![中考英语语法复习——情态动词用法归纳及练习 (有答案)第1页](http://img-preview.51jiaoxi.com/2/4/13168864/0/0.jpg?x-oss-process=image/resize,w_794,m_lfit,g_center/sharpen,100)
![中考英语语法复习——情态动词用法归纳及练习 (有答案)第2页](http://img-preview.51jiaoxi.com/2/4/13168864/0/1.jpg?x-oss-process=image/resize,w_794,m_lfit,g_center/sharpen,100)
![中考英语语法复习——情态动词用法归纳及练习 (有答案)第3页](http://img-preview.51jiaoxi.com/2/4/13168864/0/2.jpg?x-oss-process=image/resize,w_794,m_lfit,g_center/sharpen,100)
中考英语语法复习——情态动词用法归纳及练习 (有答案)
展开
这是一份中考英语语法复习——情态动词用法归纳及练习 (有答案),共12页。试卷主要包含了情态动词的概念,情态动词的用法,考点特色精讲等内容,欢迎下载使用。
一、情态动词的概念
(一)情态动词的定义:
情态动词表示说话人对动作的态度,比如:需要,可能,意愿,猜测或者怀疑等等。
(二)情态动词的特点:
1)有一定词义;
2)不受主语人称和数的变化影响;
3)与主要动词的原形(或称不带t的不定式)一起构成谓语(除ught t作固定词组看待)。
4)否定句中,在情态动词后面加nt。
(三)初中英语常见的情态动词:must, shall, shuld, had better, can(culd), may(might), will(wuld);
need和dare(既可以作情态动词,也可以作实义动词)。
二、情态动词的用法
1. can (culd)
1)表示会做某事,有能力做某事。意思 = be able t 其否定式can’t表示“不能”。在过去时中用culd和culdn’t. (即有种能力,尤其是生来具备的能力,此时may和must均不可代替它)。
He can speak English, but he can’t speak Japanese.
= He is able t speak English, but he isn’t able t speak Japanese.
I culd smile but I culdn’t speak when I was 2 mnths ld.
= I was able t smile but I wans’t able t speak when I was 2 mnths ld.
区别:1、 can只用于现在时和过去时(culd), be able t 可用于各种时态。
They will be able t tell yu the news sn.
2、be able t 不与can连用,但可以和其他情态动词或助动词连用。
He may be able t speak English very well sme day in the future.
3、用在过去时中,culd经常表示能够做某事,事实上不一定去做,而was∕were able t则表示“过去做成了某事”。在否定句中两者可通用。
2)用于征求意见
——Can /Culd /May /Might I(we) d sth?
——Yes, yu can/may. / Of curse yu can.
——N(Srry), yu can’t. /mustn’t.
注意:①此处的culd和might都不表示过去,只是语气上的委婉,不用作回答。
②否定回答中,表示对他人造成一定伤害或影响,或表示违反了某种规定或法律时,
用mustn’t较好。
e.g. ——Culd I take the bk ut f the library? ——Srry, yu mustn’t. ——May I smke here? ——I’m afraid yu mustn’t.
③表示过去能力时,culd 提问,只能用culd回答。
e.g. ——Culd yu ride a bike when yu were 4 years ld? ——N, I culdn’t.
3)表提出意见或请求
Can/Culd yu (please) d sth? = Wuld yu (please) d sth? (此句型中sme 不需要变any)
e.g. Culd yu please give me a hand?
Wuld yu please pass me sme salt?
4)表示允许或承诺 =may e.g. OK. Yu can /may cme and find me at any time tmrrw.
5)表示有一定把握的推测,用于否定句和疑问句。此时can’t译为“不可能” 肯定句用must。表示没有把握的推测,用may /might。
e.g. The windw is brken. Wh did it?
It may be Mary.
It can’t be Mary. The windw is in the men’s tilet.
Can it be anyne else?
Then, it must be Bb. I saw him g int the tilet just nw.
He can’t (culdn’t) have enugh mney fr a new car.
【例题】—I think Miss Ga must be in the library. She said she wuld g there.—N. She __be there, I have just been there. A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.wuldn’t
【解析】根据下文“我刚去过那儿”可知,应为“不可能”,can’t表示推测[答案] A
2. may (might)
may 表示“可以,可能”,否定形式may nt,表示“不可以”。
1) 表示没有把握的推测,“可能,也许”。可以指过去时间,也可以指现在时间,但语气更加不肯定。
e.g. He may have a lt f wrk t d. = Maybe he has a lt f wrk t d. Yu may be right. = Maybe yu are right.
2)表示请求 “我可以 吗?” 表示请求、许可,比can正式
e.g. Yu may /can g nw. ——May I use yur pen?
——Yes, yu may. / Yes, please. / G ahead.
——N, yu can’t. / mustn’t.
在回答以may引起的问句时,多避免用这个词,而用其它方式,如Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please dn’t ./ Yu’d better nt. / N, yu mustn’t.等,以免显得太严峻或不客气。
3)、 表示希望、祈求、祝愿,常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V例如:May yu have a gd time.祝你过得愉快。May yu be happy!祝你幸福!May yu succeed!祝你成功!
3. must
must 表示“必须,肯定,一定”, 否定形式mustn’t = must nt表示“禁止”。
1)表示必须,意思同have t
e.g. ——Must I d it nw?
——Yes, yu must.
——N, yu dn’t have t. / N, yu needn’t. (注意:否定回答不用mustn’t) Children mustn’t play n the rad because it’s t dangerus. (mustn’t只表“禁止”)
He desn’t have t g away frm here.
=He needn’t leave here.
区别:①must表达主观意愿的“必须”,have t表达客观上或按道理说“不得不”。 e.g. I must study hard.
It’s t late. I have t g nw.
②must 没有人称和时态的变化,而have t有。
e.g. He had t walk back hme because he lst all his mney.
Mm will be away fr a week, s we will have t d the cking by urselves. 2)表示有把握的肯定句中的推测,“肯定,一定”,只用于肯定句。
He must be ill. He lks s pale. 他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。
注意其反意问句的构成形式:
当must表示肯定的判断、推测时,其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。如: She must have seen the film befre,hasn’tshe?(注意反意疑问句的后半部分)
Yu must have met uncle Wang in the shp yesterday,didn’t yu? (注意反意疑问句的后半部分)
4.need
need 表示“需要”,否定形式needn’t = need nt “不必、不需要”
1)、作情态动词,仅用于否定句和疑问句。
e.g. He needn’t g hme early yesterday. = He didn’t need/have t g hme early yesterday.
Need I call him right nw? ——Yes, yu must. / ——N, yu needn’t. /N, yu dn’t have t.
2)、作实义动词,此时有人称、数和时态的变化,如果是人作主语后边多接动词不定式:need sth./sb.
need t d sth. 否定形式dn’t need t = dn’t have t表示“不必” e.g. I need sme help.
He needed t g hme early yesterday. D I need t call him right nw? ——Yes, yu d. / ——N, yu dn’t. 如果是物作主语,一般用need ding与need t be dne这种情况下应注意两点:
①.主动形式的动名词ding具有被动的含义;②.该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。例如:. The dr needs painting. = The dr needs t be painted.那扇门需要油漆一下。Yur car needs mending. = Yur car needs t be repaired.你的车需要维修了。
3)、 need 作名词
be in (great) need f sth = need sth (badly) “非常需要某物”
meet the need “满足需要(需求)”
there is/was n need (fr sb) t d sth “某人没必要做某事”
5. dare
dare意为“敢、敢于”,用法近似于need,有两种词性:
(1)dare作为情态动词,多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中,无第三人称单数形式,只有一般现在时和一般过去时。如:Dare he tell them what he knws?他敢告诉他们所知道的情况吗?I daren’t ask her – will yu d it fr me?我可不敢问她,你能帮我问问吗?
(2)dare作为实义动词,此时有人称、数及时态的变化。如:He desn’t dare t break his prmise.他不敢食言。
注意:在口语中,dare的各种形式常与不带t的不定式连用。如:D yu dare tell her what I said?
你敢告诉她我说的话吗?I didn’t dare lk at him.我不敢看他
6. shall
1)表征询意见,用于第一、第三人称疑问句。
Shall I get sme tea? 我给你点茶好吗?
Shall the by wait utside? 让那男孩在外面等吗?
2)表说话人的意愿,有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思,用于第二、第三人称陈述句。 Yu shall d as I say. 按我说的做。(命令)
Yu shall have my answer tmrrw. 你明天可以得到我的答复。(允诺)
He shall be srry fr it ne day, I tell yu. 有一天他会后悔的,我告诉你。(警告)
Nthing shall stp us frm carrying ut the plan. 什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。(决心) 归纳:在英语中,我们可以用其他多种方式提出我们的建议或征求对方意见。
(1).用“Let's d...”来提出建议。如:Let's g fr a walk after supper.
(2).用“What/Hw ”来提出建议;abut后接名词或动词ing形式。如:What abut/Hw abut a drink? What abut/Hw abut taking Tm with us?
(3).用“Why ”来提出建议,表示“何不 ”nt面后接动词原形。“Why ”实际上是“Why dn't ”的简略形式。如:Why nt meet at the schl gate at eight? Why dn't we stay here anther day?
(4).用“Wuld yu ”来提出建议,意思是“你想要 吗?”Wuld yu like后可接名词或不定式。如:Wuld yu like a cup f tea? Wuld yu like t g and see her?
因此,如果我们说:“去游泳好吗?”英语中可有这样几种表达法:Shall we g fr a swim? Let's g fr a swim,shall we? What abut/Hw abut ging swimming? Why nt g fr a swim? Wuld yu like t g fr a swim? What d yu think f ging fr a swim?
7. shuld
1)、表义务。意为“应该”(某件事宜于做),用于各种人称。否定形式 shuldn’t = shuld nt表示“不应该”
Yu shuld be plite t yur teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。
2)、表推测,意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。
The film shuld be very gd as it is starring first-class actrs.
这部新电影是一流演员主演的,估计拍得很好。
They shuld be hme by nw. 照说他们现在应当已经到家了。
8. will
1)、表意愿,用于各种人称陈述句。“愿意”
I will d anything fr yu. 我愿为你做任何事。
2)、表请求,用于疑问句。
Will yu clse the windw? It’s a bit cld. 请你把窗户关上好吗?有点冷。 Wn’t yu drink sme mre cffee? 再来一点咖啡好吗?
注意:1、will在there be句型中的形式及其句式变换。
由于“一般将来时”的结构可以用“will+动词原形”来表示,所以there be句型的一般将来时的形式就是there will be。(一定不能说there will have)例如:There are many students in ur schl.→There will be many students in ur schl. There will be a sprts meeting next week.一定不能说:There will have a sprts meeting next week.
9.wuld
1)表意愿
I said I wuld d anything fr yu. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。
2)表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。
常见句型:①表请求Wuld yu please d ? ——OK . / Srry, .
②Wuld yu like sth? ——Yes, please. / N, thanks.
Wuld yu like t d sth? ——I’d lve t.
——I’d lve t, but .
(注意:以上句型中,sme不变any)
10.had better d
1)、表示“最好是做 ”,否定形式 had better nt d
e.g. Yu’d better nt drink s much cffee.
区别:It’s better fr yu t d mre exercise and nt t have s much junk f
三、考点特色精讲
(一)、不同情态动词的否定意义:
1.(1)can’t可译为“不会”,如:I can’t play basketball.我不会打篮球。
(2)当句子表推测时,用can’t表达不可能,如:He can’t be ill. He is playing chess with Tm.他不可能病了,他正和Tm下棋呢。
(3)can’t还可用来回答“ May I ? ”这样的问句。如:May I cme in ? 我可以进来吗?N, yu mustn’t. / can’t.不,你不能。
(4)can’t还可用于固定习语中。can’t help ding禁不住,情不自禁
can’t wait t d smething迫不及待地要做
如:She can’t help crying.她不禁大哭起来。
The children can’t wait t pen the bx.孩子们迫不及待地想打开盒子。
2. may的否定式为may nt,译成“可能不”,如:He may nt be at hme.他也许不在家。
3.(1)mustn’t表示不许,不可。如:He mustn’t leave his rm.他不许离开他的房间。 Yu mustn’t talk in class.你们不可以在课上说话。
(2) mustn’t也可用于以may表示要求时的否定回答中。如:—May I stand here? 我可以站在这里吗?—N, yu mustn’t (can’t).不,不行。
4.(1)needn’t意为“不必”。如:Yu needn’t meet him unless yu’d like t.你不需要见他,除非你愿意。
(2)needn’t + have+动词的过去分词,表没必要做而做了的动作,暗含时间或精力上的浪费。如: Yu needn’t have bught it.你没必要买它(但你却买了)。
5. shuldn’t表示不应该。如:Yu shuldn’t feel s unhappy ver such little things.对于这种小事,你不应该感到这么不高兴。
(二)、含有情态动词的疑问句的回答:
1.对may引出的问句,可以有下列回答方式:Yes,yu may. Yes, f curse. Yes, certainly. Sure .
N, yu mustn’t. N, yu can’t.
2.对must引出的疑问句,回答方式为:Yes, must. N, needn’t/ dn’t have t.
3.culd在疑问句中,表示委婉的语气,此时culd没有过去式的意思。
如:Culd yu d me a favur?你能帮我个忙吗?—Culd I use yur pen?我能用一下你的钢笔吗?—Yes, yu can.可以。(注意回答)
4. shall引出的疑问句用于第一人称,表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。其回答方式有以下几种:
Yes, please. All right. N, thank yu.
5.wuld yu 的回答方式有以下几种:Yes, I will. (N, I wn’t.) Sure . (I’m srry , I can’t.) All right/ OK/ With pleasure. Certainly. (N, thank yu .) Yes, please.
【例题】—Wuld yu d me a favur and pass n my thanks t Lily?—________.
A.That’s right B.With pleasure C.It desn’t matter D.N truble
【解析】A.意为“对了”,B.意为“乐意效劳”, C.意为“没关系” D.意为“不费事”。答案:B
(三)、情态动词表示推测的用法:
1、“情态动词+动词原形”表示对现在的推测。
1)、can表示推测时一般用于否定句或疑问句。如:That man can't be her husbandshe is still single.
Wh is kncking at the dr? Can it be the pstman?
2)、must表示肯定的推测,一般用于肯定句中。如:He must be in his ffice nw.Mr Li must be wrking nw,fr the lights in his ffice are still n.
3)、might表示推测时不一定是may的过去时,只是表示其可能性较小。如:The man may be the headmaster.
—Where is Mr Li?—He might be wrking in his ffice. —May Mr Li cme?—He might nt cme here.
4)、Culd表示推测时,语气can比要弱,说话者留有余地。如:—Culd it be an animal?—It culd nt be,because it is nt mving.
5)、Shuld表示推测的可能性比较大,仅比must的可能性小一点。如:It is already 10 ’clck nw they shuld be there.
2、情态动词表示对过去可能发生的动作或存在过的动作的推测性用法。
1)、“must +have dne/been------”表示“过去一定发生过某事或存在过某种状态”,不用于“musn’t+have-----”形式。如:She must have seen the film befre,hasn’tshe?(注意反意疑问句的后半部分)
Yu must have met uncle Wang in the shp yesterday,didn’t yu? (注意反意疑问句的后半部分)
2)、“shuld +have dne /been-------”表示“本应当做某事,而实际上并没有做”;
“shuldn’t+完成式”表示“本来不应当做,而实际上却做了”。以上结构常带有说话者的责备的感情色彩。如:Yu shuld have finished yur hmewrk earlier (but in fact yu did nt finish it n time).
Yu shuldn’t have gne t bed when yu wke up at five (but in fact yu went t bed again then).
3)、“needn’t+完成式”表示“本来没有必要做某事,而实际上却做了”。如:There was plenty f time. She needn't have hurried .
4)、“can’t /culdn’t+have dne /been-------”表示“过去不可能发生了某事或存在过某种状态”。如:
I saw him just nw. He can’t have gne t Japan.
She said the man culdn’t have stlen her car.
5)、“culd+have dne/been-------”表示“过去本来能够,可以做某事或成为某种状态,而实际上没有”,说话者有些遗憾。
“culd sb. have dne /been-------?”是它的问句形式。如:Yu culd have stayed with the Smiths while yu were in New Yrk (but in fact yu stayed in a nearby htel .) Culd Mr Li have helped this girl student?
6)、“may/might+完成式”表示“过去可能,本来可以于某事而实际上没有干”,might的可能性较小,语气较弱。如:He may have finished reading the bk. She might have given yu sme help,hwever bus she was.
(四)、情态动词知识点易混辨析:
❶: can和be able t:
两者表示能力时用法相同,但can只有原形“can”和过去式“culd”两种形式,在其他时态中要用be able t来表示。另外be able t常常指经过努力,花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。
❷:can和may
1. can和may均可用来征求意见或许可,意为“可以”,一般可互换使用。如:Can/ May I help yu ? 我能帮助你吗?
2. can和may表示可能性时的区别:
1)在肯定句中用might,may,must,不用can
2)在疑问句中表示推测用can,不用might,may,must
3)在否定句中用can’t(不可能),不用may,must。如:She may be in the classrm .她可能在教室里。Where can they be nw?他们现在可能在哪儿?That can’t be true.那不可能是真的。
❸: may be和maybe
用法区别:
may be may为情态动词,be为动词原形 句中,作谓语
maybe 副词,大概、也许,相当于perhaps 句首,作状语
例如:He may be wrng , but I’m nt sure.也许他错了,但我也不确定。
❹:can’t和mustn’t
1. can’t根据其基本用法可译为:
(1)不会。如:I can’t speak English .我不会说英语。
(2)不能。如:We can’t d it nw because it’s t dark.天太黑了,我们现在干不了。
(3)否定句中表示推测。“不可能”,如:The man can’t be ur teacher because he is much yunger than ur teacher..那个人不可能是咱们老师,他年轻得多。
2. mustn’t意为“禁止、不许”,用来表达命令,表示强烈的语气。如:Yu mustn’t play ftball in the street. It’s t dangerus.你不可以在街上踢足球,太危险了。
❺:must和have t
1.must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要。have t侧重于客观上的必要,可用于现在时、过去时和将来时。
2. have t可以用于多种时态;而must只用于一般现在或将来。如:The cmpsitin is due t hand in this mrning, s I had t finish it last night.作文今天早晨到期,因此我不得不昨天晚上完成。
情态动词专项练习:
1. I __________ yu, because I must be wrng.
A. dare nt ask B. dare nt C. dare nt asking D. dare t nt ask
2. There __________ sme flwers in the garden.
A. were used t be B. used t be C. uses t be D. used t be having
3. "__________ I take it ut?" "I'm srry, yu __________."
A. Culd 't B. nt C. D. 't
4. —May I take this bk ut? —N, yu_______.
A. can't B. may nt C. needn't D. aren't
5. Yu_______ g and see a dctr at nce because yu're gt a bad fever.
A. can B. must C. dare D. wuld
6. All the lights are n, miths __________ up.
A. must get B. is getting C. must be getting D. wuld get
7. He __________ lead a but he __________ nt make it drink.
A. B. C. D.
8. — Need we d this jb nw?
—Yes, __________.
A. yu need B. yu shuld C. yu must D. yu can
9. __________ t have lunch with us tday?
A. D yu likes B. Wuld yu like C. Will yu liked D. Have yu liked
10. He said that yu __________ watch TV all the evening if yu wished.
A. may B. must C. can D. might
11. ---Is Jhn cming by train?
---He shuld, but he __________ nt. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
12. Peter __________ cme with us tnight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. must B. can C. may D. will
13. Michael __________ be a pliceman, fr he's much t shrt.
A. needn't B. can't C. shuldn't D. wn't
14. I thught yu __________ be hungry, s I have brught yu sme cakes.
A. may B. might C. can D. culd
15. I wnder hw he __________ that t the teacher.
A. dare t say B. dare saying C. nt dare say D. dared say
16. Cme n! We __________ hurry because there isn't much time left.
A. may B. must C. can D. need
17. Amy did best in the English test. She __________ hard last week.
A. must have wrking B. shuld have wrked C. shuld wrk D. must wrk
18. The fire spread thrugh the htel very quickly but everyne __________ get ut.
A. had t B. wuld C. culd D. was able t
19. ---I stayed at a htel while in New Yrk.
---Oh, did yu? Yu __________ with Barbara.
A. culd have stayed B. culd stay C. wuld stay D. must have stayed
20. It's nearly seven 'clck. Jack __________ be here at any mment.
A. must B. need C. shuld D. can
21. Yu are his father, yu ________take care f him.
A. might B. shuld C. wuld D. are able t
22. That’s all. It ________be talked abut any mre.
A. needn’t B. mightn’t C. darn’t t D. needn’t t
23. The questin ________discussing.
A. needs B. need C. can be D. must be
24. He ________even lk ut f the windw.
A. daren’t B. daresn’t C. dared nt t D. dares nt
25. I’m s hungry that I ________find smething t eat.
A. have t B. wuld C. may D. can
26. All the students ________d their best fr the mdernizatin f ur cuntry.
A. can B. shuld C. may D. might
27. Yu ________be careful with yur hmewrk.
A. must B. have t C. may D. are used t
28. It is getting darker. Yu ________nt g hme.
A. had better B. have better C. wuld rather D. wuld like
29. I ________what happened t ur schl.
A. wuld like knw B. wuld like t knw
C. wuld like knwing D. wuld like that I knw
30. — Wuld yu mind my changing the plan?
— ________.
A. Oh, n, please B. Yes, I mind nt C. N, I wuld D. Yes, I will
参考答案:
1.A 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.D
11.D 12.C 13.B 14.B 15.D 16.B 17.A 18.D 19.A 20.C
21.C 22.A 23.A 24.A 25.A 26.B 27.A 28.A 29.B 30.A
相关试卷
这是一份初中英语2024届中考语法复习情态动词专项练习(附参考答案),共2页。试卷主要包含了My car is brken等内容,欢迎下载使用。
这是一份2023年中考英语语法复习:常考情态动词的用法归纳,共16页。试卷主要包含了表示允许,表示推测, had better+完成式等内容,欢迎下载使用。
这是一份中考英语语法复习——动词不定式 (to do结构) 知识点归纳及练习 (有答案),共9页。试卷主要包含了动词不定式的概念,动词不定式的用法等内容,欢迎下载使用。
![英语朗读宝](http://img.51jiaoxi.com/images/b63752f392f2249a4363e2d9daf1f335.png)