2022年英语中考语法专题_句子成分(含答案)
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这是一份2022年英语中考语法专题_句子成分(含答案),共7页。试卷主要包含了 句子的成分, 选出句中谓语的中心词, 简单句的五种基本句型, 他不知道说什么好, 我能说一点英语, 这些孩子被照看得很好等内容,欢迎下载使用。
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
英语句子成分基础练习
. 划出下列句中主语的中心词
① The teacher with tw f his students is walking int the classrm.
② There is an ld man cming here.
③ The useful dictinary was given by my mther last year.
④ T d tday's hmewrk withut the teacher's help is very difficult.
(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词
( )① I dn't like the picture n the wall.
A. dn't B. like C. picture D. wall
( )② The days get lnger and lnger when summer cmes.
A. get B. lnger C. days D. summer
( )③ D yu usually g t schl by bus?
A. D B. usually C. g D. bus
( )④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternn.
A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternn
( )⑤ Did the twins have prridge fr their breakfast?
A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast
( )⑥ Tm didn't d his hmewrk yesterday.
A. Tm B. didn't C. d D. his hmewrk
( )⑦ What I want t tell yu is this.
A. want B. t tell C. yu D. is
( )⑧ We had better send fr a dctr.
A. We B. had C. send D. dctr
( )⑨ He is interested in music.
A. is B. interested C. in D. music
( )⑩ Whm did yu give my bk t?
A. give B. did C. whm D. bk
(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语
( )① My brther hasn't dne his hmewrk.
A B C D
( )② Peple all ver the wrld speak English.
A B C D
( )③ Yu must pay gd attentin t yur prnunciatin.
A B C D
( )④ Hw many new wrds did yu learn last class?
A B C D
( )⑤ Sme f the students in the schl want t g swimming, hw abut yu?
A B C D
( )⑥ The ld man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
A B C D
( )⑦ They made him mnitr f the class.
A B C D
( )⑧ G acrss the bridge and yu will find the museum n the left.
A B C D
( )⑨ Yu will find it useful after yu leave schl.
A B C D
( )⑩ They didn't knw wh "Father Christmas" really is.
A B C D
挑出下列句中的表语
( )① The ld man was feeling very tired.
A B C D
( )② Why is he wrried abut Jim?
A B C D
( )③ The leaves have turned yellw.
A B C D
( )④ Sn They all became interested in the subject.
A B C D
( )⑤ She was the first t learn abut it.
A B C D
(五) 挑出下列句中的定语
( )① They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.
A B C D
( )② What is yur given name?
A B C D
( )③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
A B C D
( )④ I am afraid sme peple frgt t sweep the flr.
A B C D
( )⑤ The man dwnstairs was trying t sleep.
A B C D
( )⑥ I am waiting fr the sund f the ther she!
A B C D
挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
( )① She likes the children t read newspapers and bks in the reading-rm.
A B C D
( )② He asked her t take the by ut f schl.
A B C D
( )③ She fund it difficult t d the wrk.
A B C D
( )④ They call me Lily smetimes.
A B C D
( )⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get n the bus.
A B C D
( )⑥ Did yu see Li Ming playing ftball n the playgrund just nw?
A B C D
(七) 挑出下列句中的状语
( )① There was a big smile n her face.
A B C D
( )② Every night he heard the nise upstairs.
A B C D
( )③ He began t learn English when he was eleven.
A B C D
( )④ The man n the mtrbike was travelling t fast.
A B C D
( )⑤ With the medicine bx under her arm, Miss Li hurried ff.
A B C D
( )⑥ She lves the library because she lves bks.
A B C D
( )⑦ I am afraid that if yu've lst it, yu must pay fr it.
A B C D
( )⑧ The students fllwed Uncle Wang t see the ther machine.
A B C D
划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语
① Please tell us a stry.
② My father bught a new bike fr me last week.
③ Mr. Li is ging t teach us histry next term.
④ Here is a pen. Give it t Tm.
⑤ Did he leave any message fr me?
答案
(一)① teacher ② man ③ dictinary ④ T d
(二)① B② A ③ C ④ A ⑤ C ⑥ C ⑦ D ⑧ C⑨ A⑩ A
(三)①hmewrk. ②English. ③attentin ④ wrds ⑤t g swimming ⑥ he was ill. ⑦ him mnitr ⑧bridge museum⑨ it
schl. ⑩ wh"Father Christmas"really is.
(四)①tired. ②wrried ③yellw. ④interested ⑤the first
(五)① family ②given③third ④ sme ⑤ dwnstairs ⑥ f the ther she!
(六)①t read newspapers and bks ②t take the by ③ difficult ④ Lily ⑤ get n the bus ⑥ playing ftball
(七)① n her face. ②Every night ③ when he was eleven.
④ t fast. ⑤ With the medicine bx under her arm ⑥ because she lves bks. ⑦ if yu’ve lst it ⑧ t see the ther machine.
(八)① us, 间接宾语 a stry, 直接宾语
② me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语 ③ us, 间接宾语 histry, 直接宾语
④ Tm, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语 ⑤ me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语
2. 简单句的五种基本句型
基本句型一: S V P (主+系+表)
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, lk, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grw, becme, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:lk well/面色好,sund nice/听起来不错,feel gd/感觉好,smell bad/难闻
常见的系动词有: be feel (感觉), sund(听起来), lk(看起来), taste(尝、吃起来), smell(闻起来)keep, stay , remain(保持,仍是) get, becme, turn, g(变成) feel(感觉/ 触摸) seem(似乎,好像) appear(似乎,好像) prve(证明)
一“是”一“明”两“似乎”,三“保”四“变”五“起来”。
【小试牛刀】
一切看来都不同了。
Everything __________ __________.
春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和。
Spring cmes, it is __________ __________ __________ __________.
我们在任何时候都应该保持冷静(calm)。
We shuld __________ __________ any time.
这种食物尝起来很糟糕(hrrible)。
This kind f fd __________ __________.
不要吃那种食物,它已经变质了。
Dn’t have the fd, it has __________ __________.
这个事实证明是正确的。
The fact __________ __________.
基本句型二:S+V (主+谓)
此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
【小试牛刀】
昨晚雨下得很大。
It __________ __________ last night.
学生们应该努力学习。
Students shuld __________ __________.
我的表停了。
My watch __________ __________.
昨天他到了。
Yesterday he __________.
事故是昨天晚上发生的。
The accident __________ last night.
基本句型三: S+V+O (主+谓+宾)
此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等
【小试牛刀】
谁知道答案?
_____________________________________.
他喜欢看书。
_____________________________________.
我昨天看了一部电影。
_____________________________________.
4. 他不知道说什么好。
_____________________________________.
5. 我能说一点英语。
_____________________________________.
6. 这些孩子被照看得很好。(take gd care f)
_____________________________________.
基本句型四: S+V +DO+IO (主+谓+间宾+直宾)
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give给,pass递,bring带,shw显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语;一个指物,为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。 一般的顺序为:动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。如:Give me a cup f tea,please.有时,间接宾语也可改为由介词t或fr引起的短语,放在直接宾语的后面。如:
She passed him the salt.
=She passed the salt t him.
她把盐递给了他。
Her uncle bught her a bk yesterday.
=Her uncle bught a bk fr her yesterday.
昨天,她叔叔给她买了一本书。
加t的动词主要有:give/pass/lend/sell/send/shw/teach/tell/bring/take/leave/write
/thrw/ffer...
加fr的动词主要有:make/buy/d/get/rder/ck/sing/find...
【小试牛刀】
我给他看我的照片。
_______________________________________.
_______________________________________.
昨天他的爸爸给他买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。
Yesterday his father _________ _________ _________ _________ as a birthday present.
Can yu lend me sme mney?
=Can yu __________ __________ __________ __________ ?
I’ll ffer yu a gd chance as lng as yu dn’t lse heart.
=I’ll ffer__________ __________ __________ __________ __________ as lng as yu dn’t lse heart.
基本句型五: S+V+O+OC (主+谓+宾+宾补)
此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。
宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。
名词/代词宾格 + 名词
The war made him a sldier./战争使他成为一名战士.
名词/代词宾格 + 形容词
New methds make the jb easy./新方法使这项工作变得轻松.
名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语
I ften find him at wrk./我经常发现他在工作.
名词/代词宾格 + 动词不定式
The teacher ask the students t clse the windws./老师让学生们关上窗户.
名词/代词宾格 + 分词
I saw a cat running acrss the rad./我看见一只猫跑过了马路.
【小试牛刀】
请让孩子们安静下来。
Keep__________ __________ __________, please.
天气很热,你应该让门开着。
Its very ht. Yu shuld__________ __________ __________ __________.
我们将使我们的城市变得更美。
We will __________ ur city __________ __________.
我经常听到她在隔壁房间唱歌。
I ften__________ her __________ in the next rm.
他要我早点回来。
He asked__________ __________ __________ __________sn.
我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。
I saw them__________ __________ the bus.
但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短,这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外,通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语(mdifier)而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词(主要是形容词、副词和数词),也可以是各种类型的短语(主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语)。我们称之为:定语、状语。句子成分
意义
充当词类
例句
主语
表示句子说的是“什么人”或“什么事”
名,代,数,不定式,动名词,短语或句子
We study in Huangqia Middle Schl.
谓语
说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”
动词或动词词组
She is dancing under the tree.
宾语
表示动作、行为的对象
同主语
Bth f us like English.
表语
与系动词连用,一起构成谓语,说明主语的性质或特征
同主语
Her father is a chemist.
His wrds sund reasnable.
定语
用来修饰名词或代词
形,代,数,名, 副,介词短语或句子
We have eight lessns every day.
状语
修饰动词,形容词,副词,表示动作发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,方式,结果等
副词,介词短语或句子
He wrks very hard.
They held a party
in Hllywd.
宾语补足语
逻辑上与宾语是“主谓关系”
形容词,名词,介词短语等
She always keeps the huse clean.
主语谓语是基础,宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数,动词作谓不可无!
谓 语
动 词
联系
动词
主+谓语动词(系动词)+表语
He is a teacher.
行为
动词
不及
物
动词
主语+谓语
The Sun rises in the east. 太阳从东边升起。
及物
动词
主语+谓语+宾语
He bught a pen. 他买了一只笔
主语+谓语+间宾(人)+直宾(物)
(双宾语)
My mther tld a stry. 妈妈给我讲了一个故事
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
We will make ur cuntry prud.
我们要让我们的祖国为我们感到骄傲。
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