2022年英语中考语法专题_被动语态（含答案）

这是一份2022年英语中考语法专题_被动语态（含答案），共7页。试卷主要包含了使用范围，被动语态的构成方式，不使用被动语态的几种情况，选择填空等内容，欢迎下载使用。
语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。
二、使用范围：
①不知道或不必指出动作的执行者
These bks are written fr children. / We were asked t sing a sng.
②强调动作的承受者，这时可带有by引起的短语。
Mre trees must be planted by us next year.
A new machine was invented by Uncle Wang last mnth.
③当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态
The whle village was washed away by the fld.
④表示客观的说明常用“It’s +过去分词”句型。
It is said that Lucy has gne abrad.
这类句型有：
It’s said that …. 据说……
It’s reprted that…. 据报道……
It’s believed that…. 大家相信……
三、被动语态的构成方式：be+p.p.(过去分词)
四、各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比
五、主动语态的句子变成被动语态的句子的方法：
1) 把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语
2) 把谓语动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语而变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。
3) 原主动句的主语如需要则放在介词by后面(注意代词以它的宾格形式出现)，构成介词短语放在谓语动词后，如不需要则可省略。
4) 其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。
We Visited that factry last summer 主动语态
主语 谓语 宾语 状语
That factry was visited （by us） last summer 被动语态
主语 谓语 宾语 状语
被动语态注意事项：
1、有些动词在主动结构中，后面接不带t的不定式，但如果改为被动，则需把省略的t加上，这类动词有使役动词（let, make, have）和感官动词(feel, hear, listen t, see, watch, lk at, ntice)。可简记为：一感，二听，三让，四看。 例如：
I saw him climb up the hill. →He was seen t climb up the hill.
We heard him sing in his rm just nw. →He was heard t sing in his rm just nw.
2、有些动词可以接两个宾语（间宾和直宾），变为被动语态时，只将其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个宾语不变。主动结构中的间接宾语变为主语时，直接宾语仍然保留在谓语后面；直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前通常加上介词fr或t，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。要求用t的常见动词有：give/pass/lend/send/shw/teach/tell/bring/take/leave/thrw...
要求用fr的常见动词有：make/buy/d/get/rder/ck/sing/find...
例如：
1）We gave him sme bks.
→He was given sme bks (by us). 或 Sme bks were given t him (by us).
He gave me a bk.
→A bk was given t me by him. 或 I was given a bk by him.
He shwed me a ticket.
→A ticket was shwn t me by him. 或 I was shwed a ticket by him.
My father bught me a new bike.
→A new bike was bught fr me by my father. 或 I was bught a new bike by my father.

3、一些短语动词用于被动语态时，应当看作一个整体，而不要漏掉其中的介词或副词。如： lk after, laugh at, take care f, listen t, take ff, lk at, lk up…
We can’t laugh at him. → He can’t be laughed at by us.
He listens t the radi every day. →The radi is listened t by him every day.
The nurse is taking care f the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care f by the nurse.

4、主动语态中如有“宾语+宾补”，又叫复合宾语，变为被动语态时，只将宾语变为被动句的主语，补语位置保持不变，也不能变成主语。但是，叫法上则是主语补足语了。例如：
They asked him t take the medicine. →He was asked t take the medicine.
We fund him wrking in the fields. →He was fund wrking in the fields.

七、不使用被动语态的几种情况：
1、不及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态。因为不及物动词没有宾语，所以若将其用于被动语态则没有主语，故不能用于被动语态。这类动词或动词短语如：take place(发生)，happen(发生)，cme abut(发生)，break ut(爆发)，appear(出现)，disappear(消失)，end(结束)，last(持续)等。例如：
What was happened t him？(错误)
What happened t him？ (正确)
2、系动词（包括感官动词）无被动语态（keep除外），用主动形式表示被动意义。如：appear, be, becme, fall, feel, get, grw, lk, remain, seem, smell, sund, stay, taste, turn。例如：
The flwer smells sweet.
The dish tastes delicius.
The clth feels very sft.
3、当write, read, clean, sell, wash, ck, pen, clse, lck, carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。如：
The clth washes well. 这种布料好洗。
His bk desn’t sell well. 他的书不好销。
This shirt will wear very lng. 这衬衫可以穿很久。
The parcel carries easily. 包裹容易搬运。
注：该用法通常与well, easily, slwly, quickly等副词连用。

4、want, need, require, wrth等词后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。这种结构中的动名词改用不定式则要用被动式表示被动意义。例如：
The children need lking after. =The children need t be lked after.
The table wants cleaning. =The table wants t be cleaned.
【中考题型展示】
1. A talk n Chinese histry in the schl hall next week . （天津市）
A. be given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give
2. T make ur city mre beautiful , rubbish int the river . （重庆市）
A. needn’t be thrwn B. mustn’t be thrwn
C. can’t thrw D. may nt thrw
3. Yu may g fishing if yur wrk . （河北省）
A. is dne B. will be dne C. has dne D. have dne
4. The trees must three times a week . （长沙市）
A. water B. is watering C. be watered D. waters
5. — I wn’t cme t the party unless Sue , t . （江西省）
— Yu mean if Sue cmes yu’ll cme ?
A. will invite B. invites C. invited D. is invited
6. I like my new bike . It very well . （江西省）
A. rides B. is riding C. is ridden D. has ridden
7. Mr. Chen has a lud vice . His vice can clearly even in that big classrm .
(台湾省）
A. hear B. be heard C. be hearing D. have heard
8. — It’s time t d yur hmewrk , Jack .
— Yes , Mum . I’ll turn ff the TV as sn as the prgramme . （广州市）
A. ends B. end C. will be ended D. will end
9. Yu t the meeting , why didn’t yu g ? （山西省）
A. be invited B. will be invited C. were invited D. are invited
10. A lt f trees alng the river last year . （四川省）
A. planted B. are planted C. were planted

【实战模拟】
一、选择填空
1. The rivers smells terrible Peple must dirty things int it .
A. be stpped t thrw B. be stpped frm thrwing
C. stp t thrw D. stp frm thrwing
2. Paper first invented in China .
A. is B. are C. was D. were
3. — D yu like the flwer ? — Yes , it sweet .
A. is smelling B. smelt C. is smelt D. smells
4. It snwed heavily last night . The grund thick snw .
A. was cvered with B. was filled with
C. was made f D. cvered with
5. The light in the rm befre yu leave .
A. must turn f B. will turn ff C. are turned D. must be turned ff
6. the kind f questin ften in yur class , Ann ?
A. Des , ask B. Is , asked C. Has , asked D. Will , ask
7. The bridge in three weeks .
A. will build B. is built C. will be built D. builds
8. The ld men and the children must in ur cuntry .
A. take gd care B. be taken gd care
C. take gd care f D. be taken gd care f
9. Paul desn’t have t be made . He always wrks hard .
A. learn B. t learn C. learned D. learning
10. The girl was unhappy because she by sme bys in the class .
A. is laughed B. was laughed C. laughed at D. was laughed at
11. We that the English test next Mnday .
A. are tld , gives B. tell , will give
C. are tld , will be given D. tld , is ging t be given
12. Great changes place in China since 1978 .
A. have been taken B. have taken C. has been taken D. tk
13. the red pencil-bx by yur father last week ?
A. Has , bught B. Was , bught C. Des , buy D. Did , buy
14. Mary many sngs at the party .
A. heard sing B. heard t sing C. was heard sing D. was heard t sing
15. trees usually in April ?
A. Have , planted B. Are , planted C. D , plant D. Were , planted
16. When we gt there, the brken rad repaired .
A. is being B. was being C. has been D. /
17. The windws f the rm nce a week .
A. has been cleaned B. is cleaned C. are cleaned D. are cleaning
18. In 1620 , abut half the USA frests .
A. was cvered B. was cvered by C. were filled with D. cvered with
19. The yung tree the stick .
A. shuld be tied t B. must be tied by C. shuld tie t D. can be tied with
20. A present me by my friend n my birthday .
A. is giving B. was given t C. is given fr D. will give t
21. By was the bk ?
A. wh , wrte B. whm , write C. whm , written D. whm , writing
22. Films abut crime and vilence（暴力与犯罪） by yung children .
A. shuld nt see B. shuld be nt seen
C. shuld nt be seen D. shuld be seen
23. In warm weather fruit and meat lng .
A. can’t be kept B. dn’t keep C. is nt kept D. aren’t keeping
24. Half f the wrld’s telephne calls in English .
A. are made B. are making C. make D. is made
25. That building nw .
A. is building B. is built C. is being built D. builds
26. The trees in ur schl every Friday afternn .
A. are watered B. are watering C. have watered D. water
27. Mre “ Great Green Walls ” must all ver the wrld .
A. build B. are built C. be building D. be built
28. His schl bag by a wman ten minutes ag .
A. tk away B. was taken away C. was taken ff D. is taken
29. It that she very clever .
A. was said , is B. was said , were C. is said , is D. is said , is being
30. Yesterday a visitr smething abut his hmetwn .
A. was asked B. was asking C. is asked D. asked
31. — D yu like this kind f paper ? — Yes, it very nice .
A. is felt B. felt C. is feeling D. feels
32. These bks well .
A. sells B. are being sld C. are sld D. sell
33. The by lst n his way hme yesterday .
A. gt B. is C. gets D. has
34. Thugh the cat is a bit large nw, it me very sn .
A. will be fit B. will fit C. fit D. fits
35. Ftball everywhere in the wrld .
A. is played B. play C. is playing D. plays
36. Everybdy here was a present .
A. gave B. given C. T give D. Giving
37. A new factry in ur city last year .
A. built B. has built C. was built D. is building
38. All trees must well when it is dry .
A. be watered B. are watered C. water D. be watering
39. This shirt silk .
A. must be made in B. make by C. must be made f D. must be made by
40. These bks gd care f .
A. must taken B. must take C. have t take D. must be taken
41. Stamps by peple fr sending letters .
A. use B. in using C. used D. are used
42. Mre trees next year .
A. will be planted B. will plant C. have planted D. are planting
43. — When the Peple’s Republic f China ?
— On Octber 1，1949 .
A. did …fund B. was …fund C. was … funded D. is … funded
44. Tday, t many trees are still in the wrld .
A. cutting dwn B. cut dwn C. being cut dwn D. cutted
45. This kind f machine Japan .
A. is made by B. is made frm C. is made in D. is made f
46. The teacher says that the man will .
A. be well taken care B. well lk after C. take care well D. be well lked after
47. — I think the shp .
— N , It’s pen . It at six .
A. is clse … clse B. is clsed … clses C. clsed … clses D. is clsed
48. I was astnished（吃惊）t hear that the clur TV set 5 , 000 yuan .
A. has cst B. cst C. csted D. was cst
49. Great changes place since he came here .
A. have been taken B. have taken C. has been taken D. has taken
50. He was seen smething frm the shp .
A. steal B. t steal C. t be stlen D. stealed
二、将下列句子改为被动语态
1. Uncle Tm grws tmates in the field every year.
Tmates _________ _________ by Uncle Tm in the field every year.
2. They built that bridge five years ag.
That bridge _________ _________ five years ag.
3. Our teacher ften gives us sme gd advice.
Sme gd advice _________ ften _________ _________ us.
4. We must d smething t prtect the wild animals.
Smething must _________ _________ t prtect the wild animals.
5. We built anther new bridge ver the Huangpu River last year.
Anther new bridge _________ _________ ver the Huangpu River last year.
6. Wh cleaned the classrm fr us last Friday?
By_________ _________ the classrm cleaned fr us last Friday?
7. We will read this science bk very carefully.
This science bk _________ _________ read very carefully.
8. They have built anther new building there.
Anther new building _________ _________ built there.
9. We shuld keep ur flat clean and tidy.
Our flat shuld _________ _________ clean and tidy.
10. We can see plastic bags full f fruits.
Plastic bags full f fruits can _________ _________ .
11. Parents shuld allw their children t chse their wn clthes.
Their children shuld _________ _________ t chse their wn clthes.
12. Mary is drawing a beautiful picture.
A beautiful picture _________ _________ _________ by Mary.
三、根据所给的汉语内容，用英语完成下列句子。
去年我们学校建了一个新的游泳池。
Last year, a new swimming pl _________ _________ in ur schl.
2. 我门学校正在举行运动会。
The sprts meeting _________ _________ _________ in ur schl.
3. 许多科学家将会被邀请参加下个月的会议。
Many scientists_________ _________ _________ _________attend the meeting next mnth.
4. 他被迫离开了他的家乡。
He _________ _________ _________ leave his hmetwn.
5. 人们常常听到他唱这首歌。
He _________ _________ _________ _________ sing the sng.
6. 病人在这里得到了很好的照顾。
The sick _________ _________ gd _________ _________ here.
7. 那个报道已被证明为不真实。
The reprt _________ _________ _________ _________be false.
8. 必须阻止中国的人口增长。
China's ppulatin must _________ _________ _________ _________ .
9. 人们应该被允许表达自我。
Peple shuld _________ _________ _________express themselves.
10. 我已经买了一些书给他。
Sme bks _________ already _________ _________ _________ him by me.
11. 这是通过邮局寄给我的杂志。
This is the magazine which _________ _________ _________ _________ by pst .
12. 不能嘲笑有困难的人。
Peple _________ _________ mustn’t_________ _________ _________.
参考答案
一、选择填空
1—5 BCDAD 6—10 BCDBD 11—15 CBBDB 16—20 BCBAB
21—25 CCAAC 26—30 ADBCA 31—35 DDABA 36—40 BCACD
41—45 DACCC 46—50 DBBBB
二、将下列句子改为被动语态
1. are grwn 2. was built 3. is given t 4. be dne 5. was built 6. whm was
7. will be 8. has been 9. be kept 10. be seen 11. be allwed 12. is being drawn
三、根据所给的汉语内容，用英语完成下列句子。
1. was built 2. is being held 3. will be invited t 4. was made t
5. is ften heard t 6. were taken care f 7. has been prved t
8. be stpped frm grwing 9. be allwed t 10. have been bught fr
11. was sent t me 12. in truble be laughed at
时态
主动语态
被动语态
一般现在时
am / is / are + P.P.
（1）D they speak French ?
（2）They dn’t use the rm .
（1）Is French spken by them ?
（2）The rm isn’t used by them .
一般过去时
was / were + p.p.
（1）The hunter killed a tiger .
（2）He wrte many stries last year .
（1）A tiger was killed by the hunter .
（2）Many stries was written by him last year .
现在进行时
am / is / are +being +p.p.
（1）These wrkers are building a new bridge .
（2）He is mending his car .
（1）A new bridge is being built by these wrkers .
（2）His car is being mended by him .
★过去进行时
was / were + being + p.p.
（1）He was selling bks .
（2）They were discussing the plan at that time .
（1）Bks were being built by him .
（2）The plan was being discussed by them at that time .
现在完成时
have / has + been + p. p.
（1）She has learned many English wrds .
（2）He has finished the wrk .
（1）Many English wrds have been learned by her .
（2）The wrk has been finished by him .
★过去完成时
had + been + p.p.
（1）They has slved the prblem .
（2）We had tld him the news by then .
（1）The prblem had been slved by them .
（2）The news had been tld t him by us .
一般将来时
shall / will be + p.p.
be ging t be+ p.p.
（1）I shall make a plan .
（2）They are ging t fix the radi in an hur .
（1）A plan will be made by me .
（2）The radi is ging t be fixed by them in an hur .
★过去将来时
wuld be + p.p.
was/ were ging t be + p.p.
（1）He tld me they wuld paint the rm .
（2）They were ging t put n a play the next week .
（1）He tld me the rm wuld be painted by them .
（2）A play was ging t be put by them the next week .
情态动词
can / may / must / shuld
+ be + p.p.
（1）We shuld hand in ur hmewrk .
（2）Yu must answer the questin in English .
（1）Our hmewrk shuld be handed in by us .
（2）The questin must be
answered in English by yu .