中考英语语法复习——动词现在分词 (doing) 知识点归纳及练习 (有答案)

 中考英语语法复习

  现在分词（doing）用法归纳及练习

一、现在分词的概念

动词的现在分词 (doing) 是初中英语语法的一个重点，也是中考要考查的一个考点。动词的现在分词属于非谓语动词的一种形式，在句子中不能单独做谓语，语法上有作为表达主动和正在进行的意义，词义和词性上又具有名词和形容词的特性，因此现在分词在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾补和状语等成分。

二、现在分词的用法

一）、现在分词的两个基本特点：
1.在时间上表示动作正在进行。例如：developing country 发展中的国家,  boiling water 沸水,

rising sun 正在升起的太阳

2.在语态上表示主动。例如：the ruling class 统治阶级,  the exploiting class 剥削阶级

二）、现在分词的用法总结：

（一）、现在分词作定语： 表示正在进行的或主动的动作.也可以说明被修饰词的性质和特征。

当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。

例：The sleeping boy is Tom.

In the following years he worked even harder.

　　    The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.

　　    正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。

注意：现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可用in the years that followed, the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.

（二）、现在分词作表语： 表示主语的感受或状态。

　　例：The film being shown in the cinema is exciting.

　      正在这家上演的电影很棒。

　　    The present situation is inspiring.

　　    当前的形势鼓舞人心。

注意："be + doing"既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词做表语，它们的区别在于"be + doing"表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构，此时现在分词表示状态或感受，有些动词如 interest, bore, relax, surprise, excite 等通常用其-ing 形式来修饰物.

例：The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣.

（三）、现在分词作宾语补足语：

常见动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。

　　例：Can you hear her singing the song in the next room?

　　    He kept the car waiting at the gate.

（四）、现在分词作状语： 现在分词作状语时,可作时间、条件、结果、原因和伴随状语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作.此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语,因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。

　　①作时间状语

　　  例：(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.

　　  在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。

　　②作原因状语

　　  例：Being a League member, he is always helping others.

　　  由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。

　　③作方式状语，表示伴随

　　  例：He stayed at home, cleaning and washing.

　　  他呆在家里，又擦又洗。

　　④作条件状语

　　  例：(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.

　　  要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。

　　⑤作结果状语：

　　  例：He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.

　　  他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。

（五）、现在分词和动名词的用法区别：

　　  现在分词和动名词都是由v.-ing构成，在句中都能作表语和定语，而且都保留着动词的一些特征，有其时态和语态的含义。二者的用法区别有以下几点：

　（1）如果v.-ing形式与被修饰名词逻辑上是主谓关系，就是现在分词，它相当于定语从句；如果逻辑上没有主谓关系，则是动名词，它可以用介词for加上这个动名词来代替，该介词短语应放在被修饰名词之后。例：

　　① a moving car 正在移动的汽车

　　 （moving：现在分词，a moving car=a car which is moving）

　　② a swimming pool 游泳池

　　 （swimming：动名词，a swimming pool=a pool for swimming）

　　③ a walking stick 手杖

　　 （walking：动名词，a walking stick=a stick for walking）

（2）V.-ing前有冠词、物主代词、名词所有格或指示代词的是动名词，用来构成v.-ing形式的复合结构。独立主格结构中所用的v.-ing形式的是现在分词。

　　例：His coming was unexpected.（coming：动名词）

　　    The Chinese are brave and hard-working.（working：现在分词）

　　    It being hot, we went to swim.（being：现在分词）

（3）现在分词相当于形容词，在句中作定语或者状语，所以当-ing形式出现在句中作主语，宾语，同位语时，它肯定动名词，当-ing形式出现在句中作状语时，它肯定是现在分词。

例：They went to the park, singing and dancing.   （现在分词作状语）

        My interests, singing and dancing, make me happy and passionate.  （动名词词作主语同位语）

（4）动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语，区别是:

①现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质,不能与主语互换位置,例如:
The story is interesting . 不可改为:  Interesting is the story.

②动名词作表语与主语指的是同一件事,通常把主语和表语的位置互换,语法和意思也不变,例如:
My hobby is swimming. 可改为：Swimming is my hobby.(可将原句中的主语与表语位置互换)

（六）、现在分词的完成式和被动式：

（1）现在分词完成式，表示在句子谓语之前发生的动作和状态，现在分词的完成被动式，表示发生在谓语之前的一个被动动作，它们在句子中一般只作状语。

　　例：Having learnt a little English, he tried to talk to the English actress.

　　    由于原先学了一点英语，他试图同那位英国女演员说话。

　　    Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away?

　　    人家给了她这样一个机会，她怎么能轻易放过？

　　    Having being used for many years, the machine needs repairing.

　　    由于使用了多年，这台机器需要修理。

（2） 现在分词一般被动式，表示分词动作和谓语动作同时发生或正在发生，可用来作定语、宾补或状语。

　　例：He asked who was the man being operated on. （作定语）

　　    他问正在被动手术的那个人是谁。

　　    When we got to the hall, we found the lecture being given by Professor Liu. （作宾补）

　　    我们到达大厅时，发现刘教授正在作讲演。

　　    Being protected by a thick wall, they felt they were very safe. （作状语）

　　    由于有一堵墙掩护着，他们感到很安全。

现在分词专项练习：

(    ) 1. The flowers _______ sweet in the garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.

       A. smell       B. smelling      C. to smell       D. to be smelling

(    ) 2. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students ____ Chinese in the school, most _____ were from Germany.  

       A. study; of whom              B. study; of them   

       C. studying; of them            D. studying; of whom

(    ) 3. The manager, ____ his factory’s products were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further training.

        A. knowing    B. known    C. to know    D. being known

(    ) 4. Look! there’s a very long, winding path ____ to the house.

       A. leading    B. leads    C. led    D. to lead

(    )5. When the first English settlers arrived in the New World, the Indians ____ jewellery made of animal bones greeted them warmly.

       A. wearing    B. to wear    C. worn    D. having worn

(    ) 6. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _____.

A. 20 dollars remained           B. 20 dollars to remain

C. remained 20 dollars           D. remaining 20 dollars

(    ) 7. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket ______ the desert.

A. covering      B. covered        C. cover        D. to cover 

(    ) 8. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students ____ Chinese in the school, most _____ were from Germany.  

A. study; of whom              B. study; of them   

C. studying; of them            D. studying; of whom

(    ) 9. The question ______ at present has something important to do with our daily life.

A. to be discussing                B. to discuss     

C. been discussed                 D. being discussed

(    ) 10. China is a _____ country ______ to the third world.

A. developed; belongs            B. developing; belonging

C. developing; belongs            D. developed; belonged

(    ) 11.  --- Who is the man ______ to the teacher?

      --- A model worker _____ our school.

        A. talks, visits        B. is talking; is visiting      C. talking; visiting      D. talking; visited

(    ) 12. The flowers _____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.

       A. to smell     B. smelling     C. smelt      D. to be smelt

(    ) 13. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures ______ in your mind instead of before your eyes.

       A. to form     B. form     C. forming     D. having formed

(    ) 14. The railway _____ now will lead to Tibet.

       A. being built   B. built   C. to be built   D. to build

(    ) 15. My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle ____ to balance it.

       A. having tried   B. trying   C. to try   D. tried

(    ) 16. There are a lot of peasants _______ in the rice fields.

       A. work      B. who works     C. who worked     D. working

(    ) 17. Russ and Earl were auto mechanics ____ the same pay, but Earl had more ambition.

       A. to earn     B. to have earned    C. earning    D. earned

(    ) 18. The manager, ____ it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room.

       A. who has made    B. having made    C. made    D. making

(    ) 19. The old man, ____ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.

       A. to work    B. working    C. to have worked    D. having worked

(    ) 20. The manager, ____ his factory’s products were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further training.

        A. knowing    B. known    C. to know    D. being known

(    ) 21. At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, ____ in a small apartment near Boston and ____ what to do about his future.

       A. living; wondering    B. lived; wondering    C. lived; wondered    D. living; wondered

(    ) 22. The next thing he saw was smoke ____ from behind the house.

       A. rose    B. rising    C. to rise    D. risen

(    ) 23. On receiving a phone call from his wife ____ she had a fall, Mr. Gordon immediately rushed home from his office.

       A. says    B. said    C. saying    D. to say

(    ) 24. Look over there --- there’s a very long, winding path ____ up to the house.

       A. leading    B. leads    C. led    D. to lead

(    ) 25. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ____ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”

        A. read    B. reads    C. to read    D. reading

参考答案：

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