2022届高考英语一轮复习语法专题7：情态动词

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这是一份2022届高考英语一轮复习语法专题7：情态动词，共5页。
高中英语语法专题7：情态动词一．概述:情态动词(modal verbs)本身有一定的词义，但是不能独立作谓语，只能和行为动词一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为动词前，表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。情态动词虽然数量不多，但用途广泛，主要有: can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) , have to, had better, would rather, used to等。二．情态动词的基本用法归纳：情态动词基本用法例句can (could)表请求和允许Can I have a break?表能力（体力、知识、技能）Mary can speak English and French.表客观可能性That man can’t be Tom.be able to表能力（具有多种时态变化）I am able to translate English into Chinese.may (might)表请求和允许May I turn off the radio?表推测、可能性The girl in red may be Lily.表祝愿（用于祈使句）May you succeed!must表主观的必要性I must go home now. It’s 10pm. Now.表十分可定的猜测The girl in red must be Lily.表与说话人愿望相反，偏要、非要、硬要Must you play the piano at so late night?have to表客观必要性，不得不（有多种时态变化）I have to say that you made a wrong choice.dare敢（用语疑问句、否定句）I daren’t speak English in public.need需要（用于疑问句、否定句）You needn’t hand in your homework.shall征求对方意见（用于第一人称）What shall we do this evening?表命令、警告、允诺、威胁（用于第二三人称）You shall fail if you don’t work hard.You shall be punished if you fail again.should表责任和义务，应该Students should study hard.表客观推测Hi, Mum! I’m on the bus, I should be home in about ten minutes.表感到意外、惊讶等情绪，竟然You can’t imagine that such a good student like him should fail in the exam.ought to表责任和义务（比should语气略强）Students ought to study hard.will (would)表主观意愿、意志、决心I will never do that again.表固有性质和倾向I pushed hard but the door wouldn’t open.表请求Will you pass me the book?had better表委婉和建议和请求You had better arrive at the station earlier.would rather宁愿，宁可（常与than连用）I would rather stay at home than go out.used to过去常常（现在不这样了）Lucy used to play the guitar on weekends. 三．情态动词+have done的形式:常见形式含义Can/could have done本能够做某事（过去的能力）可能做过某事（对过去的猜测）must have done一定做过某事（对过去的猜测，否定形式：can’t/couldn’t have done）may/might have done可能做过某事（对过去的猜测）should have done本应该做某事（过去的责任和义务，否定形式：shouldn’t have done）needn’t have done本不必做某事（过去的必要性）will/would have done将会已经做过某事（将来完成时）四．情态动词练习题：（一）单项选择1. ----There’s somebody knocking at the door. It must be my father.----It ________ your father because he is on business in England now.A. must be B. must have been C. might be D. can’t be2. I _________ stay at home than go outside for activities.A. would rather B. had better C. should D. might3. You __________ practice the piano while the baby is sleeping. A. needn’t B. mightn’t C. mustn’t D. won’t 4. You __________ him the news; he knew it already. A. mustn’t tell B. needn’t have told C. mightn’t tell D. mightn’t have told5. ----I thought you wouldn’t mind.----Well, as a matter of fact I don’t, but you __________ me first. A. should ask B. should have asked C. must ask D. must have asked6. I __________ have met him a long time ago. Both his name and face are very familiar.A. might B. can C. would D. should 7. It is you who are to blame for the accident. You ___________ when driving.A. shouldn’t phone B. shouldn’t have phoned C. couldn’t have phoned D. needn’t have phoned8. They often go to the restaurants for meals. They _________ be very poor.A. mustn’t B. can’t C. may not D. needn’t 9. I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She __________ have spoken at the meeting.A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t10. Only in this way can we ___________ English well.A. learn B. learned C. have learned D. learning11. ----Is there a flight to London this evening?----There ___________ be. I’ll phone the airport and find it out.A. must B. might C. would D. can12. ----Look at these tracks. It ___________ be a wolf. ----Don’t be so sure. I think it ___________ be a fox.A. must; might B. may; might C. need; must D. could; need13. __________ you play the piano at night? Everybody is sleeping now.A. Could B. Must C. Will D. Should14. My father __________ work as a bus driver, but now he is a businessman.A. must B. should C. used to D. ought to15. Michael __________ be a policeman, for he is much too short.A. needn't B. can't C. should D. may16. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _________ for her.A. had to write it out B. must have written it outC. should have written it out D. ought to write it out17. The boy __________ won the first prize in the competition but for his bad cold..A. could have B. shouldn’t have C. needn’t have D. could18. You can't imagine that a well-behaved gentleman __________ be so rude to a lady.A. might B. need C. should D. would19. ---Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. ---_____________.A. I don't B. I won't C. I can't D. I haven't20. There will __________ an important meeting in our school nest week.A. be B. is C. was D. have（二）句子翻译1. 因为大雨，学校运动会不得不被推迟。_______________________________________________________________________________2. 我父亲过去常在一家工厂上班。_______________________________________________________________________________3. 我宁愿待在家里也不愿出去。_______________________________________________________________________________4. 学生最好不要在学校里使用手机。_______________________________________________________________________________5. 你千万不要在马路上踢足球。那太危险了。_______________________________________________________________________________6. Lucy一定偷了我的钱。_______________________________________________________________________________7. 我本应该听从了你的建议的。_______________________________________________________________________________你本不必要打的来学校的。你住的那么近。_______________________________________________________________________________ 参考解析单项选择：1--5 DACBB 6--10 ABBDA 11--15 BABCB 16--20CACBA句子翻译：The school sports meeting had to be put off because of the heavy rain.My father used to work in a factory.I would rather stay at home than go out.Students had better not use phones at school.You mustn’t play football on the road, which is too dangerous.Lucy must have stolen my money.I should have taken your advice.You needn’t have taken a taxi to school for you live nearby.