非谓语难点详解 学案-天津市2022届高三英语一轮复习
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这是一份非谓语难点详解 学案-天津市2022届高三英语一轮复习,共14页。学案主要包含了只能有一个谓语,谓语=连词+1,找主句 从句等内容,欢迎下载使用。
非谓语难点
1. 谓语 、非谓语
简单句 :有且只能有一个谓语
注意:分析句子首先分析句子构成
无连词(并列连词 从属连词)----- 简单句 【只能有一个谓语】【谓语=连词+1】
有并列连词-----并列句【n个句子 n-1个连词 】
有从属连词-----复合句【找主句 从句】
确定考查位置所在分句是否有谓语,有考查非谓语,反之考查谓语,时态语态主谓一致
谓语
1. Teens ________________ (know) to easily copy anything, so for them fashion is also about developing a certain lifestyle or behavior.
【答案】are known
2. My English teacher didn’t let me leave until I finish my work.
【答案】finish---finished
3. I once ________(meet) a young man who seemed tired and in pain on my way home.
【答案】 met
4. I was in great pain at that moment, but I tried to act as if nothing has happened until the class was over.
【答案】 has---had
5. Since their discovery, experts have questioned whether the life-size models of soldiers __________________ (base) on real warriors or whether they came off a production line.
【答案】 were based
6. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, but once I started the car, my mind goes blank.
【答案】goes---went
7. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning left!”
【答案】 Turning---Turn
8. A doctor told me that if I _________(get) more fresh air, I would stop feeling like this.
【答案】 got
9. These terrible experiences _________(be) so long ago .
【答案】were
10. It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had to wait outside.
【答案】had---have
非谓语
11 .He's a good watch repairer and can get the clock ________ again.
A.going B.to go C.to be going D.gone
【答案】A
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:他是个很好的手表修理工,能让钟重新运转起来。get+宾语+宾补表示“使……怎么样”,go可表示“运转”,所以go与宾语“the clock”之间的关系为主动,所以应填going。故填going。
12.Started over a decade ago to draw Chinese shoppers onto Alibaba's online sites, Singles' Day has become a national obsession ________ addictive discounts with a tap on a smartphone screen.
A.featured B.featuring C.being featured D.having featured
【答案】B
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:十多年前,光棍节开始吸引中国购物者访问阿里巴巴的在线网站,如今已成为全国性的狂热活动,通过点击智能手机屏幕即可享受令人上瘾的折扣。句子已有谓语has become,故空格处填非谓语作后置定语,feature和obsession是逻辑主谓关系,需用现在分词形式。故选B。
13.In Lebanon, they say, a 50% increase in the price of cigarettes would lead to ________ many people ________ smoking in poorer households as wealthy families.
A.as twice; quitting B.twice as; to quit C.as twice; to quit D.twice as; quitting
【答案】D
【详解】
考查倍数表达和非谓语动词。句意:据说在黎巴嫩,香烟价格上涨50%会导致来自贫穷家庭的戒烟人数比富裕家庭多一倍。分析句子可知,第一空考查倍数的表达,即“倍数+as+adj/adv+as”,故BD项第一空表达正确;第二空考查短语lead to sb doing sth,意为“导致某人做某事”,doing作为介词to的宾语,故D项正确,故选D项。
【点睛】
本题考查倍数的表达之“A+倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as+B”,表示“A正好是B的多少倍”
倍数的表达一般有三种形式:
“A+倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than+B”,表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍”。如:
This rope is twice longer than that one. 这根绳子是那根绳子的两倍长(比那根绳子长一倍)
2.“A+倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as+B”,表示“A正好是B的多少倍”。如:
Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲的面积是欧洲的四倍。
3. “A+倍数+the size/height/length/width, etc+of+B”,表示“A正好是B的多少倍”。如:
This street is four times the length of that one. 这条街是那条街的四倍长。
14.My father is considering ________ a computer, which is considered ________ a great help in our work and study.
A.to buy; to be B.buying; being
C.buying; to be D.to buy; being
【答案】C
【详解】
考查动词的固定结构和语态。句意:我在考虑买一台电脑,电脑被认为是对我的工作和学习是非常有帮助的。常用短语consider doing sth考虑做某事,被动结构是be considered to do表示“被认为……”,故选C项。
【点睛】
consider的用法:
1. consider doing sth. 考虑做某事
例句:I am considering going or not. 我正在考虑要不要去。
2. 没有consider to do sth. 这个用法。当consider被用作被动语态的时候可以加不定式,be considered to do表示“被认为……”,例句:
China is considered to be one of the best places for tourists. 中国被认为是最好的旅游地区之一。
拓展:
consider what to do / how to do sth 考虑做什么/考虑如何做某事
例句:
I am considering what to do after supper. 我在考虑吃过晚饭做些什么。
I am considering how to pass this exam. 我在考虑该怎么通过这次考试。
本题中结合句意可知,考查了consider的两种用法 。
15.____ a letter from her parents, Lily is now looking forward to ___ from them.
A.Having not received; hear B.Not received; hear
C.Not having received; hearing D.Receiving not; hearing
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析:考查分词做状语和动名词用法。第一空中的动词receive与句子主语Lily构成主动关系,故使用现在分词的形式,因为没有收到来信是在谓语动词之前就发生的事情,所以使用完成式,起否定式是在前面直接加not;第二空前的to是介词,后面要接动名词的形式。句意:因为没有收到父母的来信,Lily现在期待着能够收到父母的来信。故C正确、
考点:考查分词做状语和动名词用法
点评:当分词做状语的时候,如果构成分词的动词与句子的主语构成主动关系,就使用现在分词做状语;当二者构成被动关系,使用过去分词做状语。如果分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前,就使用分词的完成式。如果分词与句子的主语没有关系,可以使用状语从句或者独立主格结构。
2. 成分分析
分析成分重中之重,可根据位置,以动词为支点,向前向后分析。
还要熟悉句式 形式主语 介词+宾语等用法。
可总结分析,考查不同成分的常见形式:
状语通常由“,”分开一个简单句。有时也可以在句中,对简单句谓语起修饰作用。
伴随状语、结果状语通常在后面
主语、宾语通常在句中
(主语一般会把简单句中主语 谓语分开,在分析上提高判断难度,可以通过句子分析
找到简单句谓语 从此判断是否考查非谓语做主语。)
宾补特点需注意常用动词的结构,可进行识记后,更容易进行识别。
熟能生巧,大家可以多做分析,方可游刃有余!
课文重现
I’m sure playing in a band will help you make lots of new friends at university.
(复合句 playing 在从句中做主语 注意:be sure to do )
I spent days preparing and writing my first English paper.
Grandfather and Father, seated at the table, are playing chess.
What’s wrong with being a lawyer?
Playing in a band is not a job.
Making music is a job.
You wanted me to be an engineer!
With just 700 metres to go, Alistair Brownlee was in third place and his younger brother, Jonny, was in the lead.
离终点只有700米,阿利斯泰尔·布朗利位列第三,他的弟弟乔尼则处于领先地位。
16.______with the advanced countries, the socialist country is still at an elementary stage.
A.To compare B.Comparing
C.Compared D.Having compared
【答案】C
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:跟先进的国家相比,社会主义国家仍然处于初级阶段。句子主语the socialist country和动词compare构成逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词,作状语,表被动。故选C。
17.We took it for granted ______ they would accept the proposal, so we think it no use ______ them eagerly.
A.if; convincing B.that; to convince
C.that; convincing D.if; to convince
【答案】C
【详解】
考查宾语从句和固定搭配。句意:我们把他们会接受这个提议认为是理所当然,因此,我们认为急切地让他们相信是没有用的。根据句子结构可知,it是形式宾语,“______ they would accept the proposal”是真正的宾语,第一个空考查宾语从句的连词,从句中不缺少任何句子成分且意思连贯词,所以用连词that;第二个空考查固定搭配think it no use doing sth.表示“认为做某事没有用”的意思,it是形式宾语,后面的doing结构是真正的宾语。故选C。
18.We took it for granted ______ they would accept the proposal, so we think it no use ______ them eagerly.
A.if; convincing B.that; to convince
C.that; convincing D.if; to convince
【答案】C
【详解】
考查宾语从句和固定搭配。句意:我们把他们会接受这个提议认为是理所当然,因此,我们认为急切地让他们相信是没有用的。根据句子结构可知,it是形式宾语,“______ they would accept the proposal”是真正的宾语,第一个空考查宾语从句的连词,从句中不缺少任何句子成分且意思连贯词,所以用连词that;第二个空考查固定搭配think it no use doing sth.表示“认为做某事没有用”的意思,it是形式宾语,后面的doing结构是真正的宾语。故选C。
19.She walked away from me, and I was left________ what to do next.
A.deciding B.decide C.to deciding D.to decide
【答案】D
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:她离开了,让我决定下一步要做什么。分析句子结构可知,设空处作主语补足语,根据句意可知,表示还未发生的动作,因而用动词不定式。故选D。
20.I picked up my phone and was about to call you, ________the battery was dead.
A.finding B.only to find C.found D.having found
【答案】B
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:我拿起电话正要给你打电话,结果发现电池没电了。only to do表示“意想不到的结果”,符合句意。故选B。
21.George Floyd's killing was such a moment when white America finally understood how dangerous________ a Black man in the United States.
A.it was B.was it to be C.it was to be D.it was being
【答案】C
【详解】
考查it用法。句意:George Floyd的遇害是这样一个时刻:美国白人终于明白在美国做黑人是多么危险。分析句子结构可知,understood后是一个宾语从句,从句中缺少主系部分,其中it作形式主语,不定式to do作真正的主语。故选C。
3. 结构
·With复合结构
·动名词复合结构
·不定式复合结构
·There be结构
22.Octacore allows cell phone users to run multiple applications at the same time without the phone________ to stand still.
A.coming B.having come C.to come D.come
【答案】A
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:Octacore使手机用户可以同时运行多个应用程序,而手机不会出现卡顿。本句中使用了“without+宾语+宾语补足语”的复合结构,其中come与the phone之间是主谓关系,因而用现在分词形式。故选A。
23.With his homework ________, he went outside to play happily.
A.do B.done C.to do D.doing
【答案】B
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:做完作业,他出去愉快地玩。此处“with+宾语+宾语补足语”作状语,homework与do是被动关系,用过去分词作宾语补足语,表被动和完成,故选B。
24.With the famous artist________ “Thank you” to the crowd, he left the hall quickly.
A.finishing saying B.finishing to say C.to finish saying D.finished saying
【答案】A
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:当这位著名的艺术家对人群说完“谢谢”后,他迅速离开了大厅。分析句子结构可知,本句使用了with复合结构,其构成为:with + n+非谓语动词,空处动词finish与其逻辑主语artist之间是主动关系,所以空处需要现在分词finishing作宾语补足语,finish doing sth.完成做某事,固定打破,所以此处需用finishing saying。故选A。
25.David apologized for ______ to inform me of the change in the plan.
A. his being not able B. him not to be able
C. his not being able D. him to he not able
【答案】C
【解析】
介词for后应用动词的-ing形式,排除B、D;所有非谓语动词的否定词not都应加在非谓语动词之前,即not to do ,not doing, not having done, not done,故选C。
26.Victor apologized for ________ to inform me of the change in the plan.
A. his being not able B. him not to be able
C. his not being able D. him to be not able
【答案】C
【解析】解析考查动名词的复合结构作宾语。动名词的复合结构的否定式由“名词所有格或物主代词+not+动名词”构成。句意为“Victor因没能通知我计划的改变向我道歉”。
There be
27.There is a great evidence ______ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
A.indicate B.to indicate C.to be indicating D.indicating
【答案】D
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:那里有一个好的证据,暗示音乐活动促进大脑的不同区域。空格处是定语,由于空格处的词与被修饰的词evidence是主动关系,因此用现在分词,故填D。
28.There is no point _________; it’s too late to mend.
A.arguing B.to argue C.argument D.argued
【答案】A
【详解】
考查固定搭配。句意:争吵是没有意义的,太迟了,以至于无法弥补。通过分析句子结构,并翻译语境可知,此处使用There is no point (in) doing sth.意为“做某事无意义”,因此空中使用argue的动名词形式arguing。故选A项。
29.John never dreamed of _____ for him to be sent abroad so soon.
A.it being a chance B.there was a chance
C.there being a chance D.he was given a chance
【答案】C
【详解】
考查非谓语动词和固定句型。句意:迈克尔从来没有梦想过他会有一个很快就被派出国的机会。dream of后有动词作宾语时,用动名词形式;根据这里是表示“有;存在”一个机会,故用there being结构。故选C。
30.They must be at home—there’s a light _______ in the bedroom.
A. to shine B. to be shining C. shining D. having shined
【答案】C
【解析】这是There be 句型的一种用法:There be + 主语 + doing +介词短语. 现在分词shining在此用作后置定语,意指“亮着的灯”。
4. 被动
被动难点
·主动表被动
·表性质不需要被动
·不能用被动
·常用形式为主动,被动容易忽略
31.We found the students seated at tables and had their eyes _____ on the scene of the launch of Shenzhou V spaceship.
A.fixed B.fix C.fixing D.to fix
【答案】A
【详解】
考查过去分词。句意:我发现坐在桌子旁的学生们眼睛盯着神舟五号飞船发射的画面。眼睛eyes与动词fix之间存在被动关系,应使用过去分词,作宾补,故选A项。
32.She is going to deliver a speech at the conference ________next week.
A.to hold B.to take place C.occurred D.held
【答案】B
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:她将在下周举行的会议上发表演讲。分析句子结构可知,此处需要使用不定式作后置定语修饰conference,表将要举办,conference与hold之间为被动关系,要使用不定式的被动语态to be held ,take place无被动,直接使用to take place,故选择B项。
33.He can’t make himself _______. His spoken English really needs ________.
A. understand, improving B. understood, improving
C. understand, to improve D. understood, to improve
【答案】B
【解析】
前半句的意思是让自己被别人理解,所以要用understood,后面半句need后面是加ing形式表示被动的
34.The flowers ________ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt
【答案】B
【解析】一是因为“发出香味”与“吸引游客”是同时发生的,且smell 作为连系动词没有被动形式。
5. 连词+doing/done
非谓语动词有时也带连词,但连词与非谓语动词之间没有主语,即“连词+doing/done”,当句子的主语与非谓语动词是主动关系时用现在分词,是被动关系时用过去分词。
35.The student, if well _____ , will pass the examination without much difficulty.
A. preparing B. prepared C. to prepare D. ready
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查过去分词充当条件状语的用法。此题可采用增元法,把if从句补全为if he is well_______ 。
36.Scientists think that warbles(鸣禽),when___________ (fly)in daylight, use the sun for guidance.
【答案】flying
37. He won’t go to the party unless___________(invite).
【答案】invited
6. 固定搭配
It remains to be seen whether….“是否……有待观察”
(可自行补充)
38.Please excuse me ______ your letter by mistake.
A. to open B. to have opened
C. for opening D. in opening
【答案】C
【解析】excuse sb for doing sth 意为“原谅某人做了某事”。
39.Through this activity, many students now understand what great difficulty their parents have had ________ them up.
A.raise B.raising C.raised D.to raise
【答案】B
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:通过这次活动,许多学生现在明白了他们的父母养育他们有多么大的困难。固定搭配:have difficulty (in) doing sth.“在做某事上有困难”,省略介词in时,现在分词作伴随状语。故选B。
7. 省略
·状语从句省略
·宾语从句省略
·省略同样内容
40.— Is Jack in the supermarket?
— Maybe. I saw him ______ it with a shopping cart just now.
A.enter B.entered C.enters D.to enter
【答案】A
【详解】
考查省略to的动词不定式。句意:——Jack在超市里面?——可能在。我看到他刚推着手推车进去的。分析句子结构可知,“动词see+宾语+宾补”结构,其中宾补可以是现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词、名词或介词短语等,此处表示“看到Jack推着手推车进入超市的整个过程”,因此要用省略“to”的动词不定式(即动词原形)充当宾语补足语,即see sb. do sth. (看见某人干了某事),因此A项符合语境。故选A项。
41.--Mark, I failed in the exam again, I’m so upset.
--Don’t worry, I think the first thing ______ is ______ your weak points.
A.to do, find out B.being done, to find out
C.to do, to hold out D.being done, hold out
【答案】A
【详解】
考查不定式用法。句意:—Mark,我又一次没有考及格,我很难过。—别担心,我认为要做的第一件事情就是找到你的薄弱环节。当被修饰的名词前面有序数词修饰,或被修饰的词就是序数词的时候,可以使用不定式做定语,所以第一空里使用to do;当主语中已经有了do的某种形式时,做表语的不定式符号to可以省略,所以第二空里使用find out。故A项正确。
42.______ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A.Lacked B.Lacking of C.Though lacking D.Lacked in
【答案】C
【详解】
考查状语从句的省略。句意:虽然没有钱,但他的父母还是设法送他上了大学。在时间、条件、方式和让步状语从句中,当主、从句的主语一致,且从句中有be动词时,则可以同时省略从句中的主语和be动词。分析本句可知,lack的逻辑主语,就是句子的主语his parents,他们之间存在着主动关系,所以C. Though lacking 符合此结构。故选C项。
43.—What will happen if I smoke here?
—Anyone ______ here will be punished.
A.seeing smoke B.seeing smoke C.seen smoking
D.seen smoke
【答案】C
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:——-如果我在这里抽烟会怎么样?——-任何在这里被看见吸烟的人都会受到惩罚。句子可补全为“Anyone who is seen smoking”,此处应是被看见抽烟的人,所以A和B项被排除;如选D,应该在smoke前加to,Anyone who is seen to smoke here will be punished.。故选C。
44.I’ve worked with child before, so I know what ________ in my new job.
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expect
【答案】B
【解析】此题考查疑问词+不定式在句中作宾语。I know what to expect in my new job. 意为“我知道在新工作中期待什么”。
8. 定语从句与非谓语结合
45.All approaches you thought the problem are very reasonable.
A.of solving B.to solve C.of to solving D.to solving
【答案】C
【详解】
考查固定短语。句意:你为解决这个问题所想到的办法都很合理。句中“想到,考虑到”的宾语是名词approaches,要用think of。“做某事的方法”是the approach to doing sth,综上,故选C。
46.The poor studying conditions the students are looking forward to _____ have attracted the local government’s attention.
A.see improved B.seeing improved C.saw improving D.seeing
【答案】B
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:学生们期待改善的很差的学习条件已经引起了当地政府的关注。分析句子成分,the students are looking forward to_______是定语从句,修饰先行词the poor studying conditions;短语look forward to中to是介词,后面接动名词作宾语,因此to后接seeing;根据句意,“学生渴望看到很差的学习条件得到改善”,improve和句子的主语the poor studying conditions之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,因此用“see+宾语+过去分词作宾语补足语”,可表达为see the poor studying conditions improved;综合上面的分析,应为动名词seeing作宾语,和过去分词improved作宾语补足语。故选B项。
47.The girl devoted all her spare time she had ______ others.
A.to help B.helped C.to helping D.help
【答案】C
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:这个女孩把她所有的业余时间都用于帮助别人。本句的主语是the girl ,谓语动词是devoted,宾语是all her spare time ,而she had是her spare time 的定语从句。根据语境是说女孩把所有的业余时间用于帮助别人,句中的“devote ...to...”为固定搭配,意为“把......献给......”,这里的to是介词,后面要跟动词ing或名词,故选C
9. 非谓语作状语及非谓语的否定
非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致
非谓语动词作状语时,动作是否发生在句子谓语之前
非谓语的否定直接在非谓语前+not
48.Having been attacked by terrorists, ________ .
A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed
C. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists
【答案】B
【解析】非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致。根据句意,受到攻击的应是“高楼”,而不是其他。
49. ________ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered
【答案】A
【解析】本句考查现在分词的完成时作状语。句意为“遭受如此严重的污染之后,现在净化这条河也许为时已晚了”。有already暗示可知suffer发生在clean up之前,因此要用现在分词的完成式作状语。
50.________ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.
A. Not completing B. Not completed
C. Not having completed D. Having not completed
【答案】C
【解析】非谓语动词的否定式要将not, never等放在非谓语动词的前面,所以不能选D。由于“没有完成”与“决定再呆两周”有先后关系,故用现在分词的完成式。
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