2022年中考英语复习训练题(含解析)---短语辨析
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这是一份2022年中考英语复习训练题(含解析)---短语辨析,共21页。
2022年中考英语复习新题速递之短语辨析(2022年5月)
一.选择题(共20小题)
1.(2022•蜀山区一模)The museum is free,so you needn't ________ it.( )
A.leave for B.work for C.pay for D.look for
2.(2022•曹县一模)Young phubbers (低头族) should ________ the time they spend on their smart phones.( )
A.cut down B.cut up C.cut off
3.(2022•黑龙江一模)—Simon failed the exam again.
—That's not surprising.Computer games ________ too much of his time.( )
A.take down B.take up C.take off
4.(2022春•歙县期中)There are different____books.Some of them are____interesting.( )
A.kind of;kind of B.kinds of;kinds of
C.kind of;kinds of D.kinds of;kind of
5.(2022春•毕节市月考)Tom works hard earn(挣) more money.( )
A.in order that B.in order to
C.so that D.as if
6.(2022•金坛区一模)﹣ We should wear masks to care for ourselves and the people around us during the epidemic.
﹣ So it does. ,life is the most important to everyone.( )
A.At all B.Above all C.After all D.In all
7.(2022春•香坊区校级月考)Everyone can make the dream he is looking forward to if he can keep working hard for it.( )
A.coming true B.come true
C.comes true
8.(2022春•前郭县校级月考)Some children don't feel happy ,because they have ____rules at home ,and they have to _____homework every day.( )
A.too many;too much B.too much;much too
C.too much;too many
9.(2022•荆州模拟)You shouldn't eat too much.You have several pounds.( )
A.put off B.put down C.put on D.put away
10.(2022•泉州模拟)﹣ Have you read the stories of Lu Xun?
﹣ Yes,he _________ a pen to show the dark side of the old China.( )
A.took away B.picked up C.gave up
11.(2022•福州模拟)Jack,it's 7:20 !If you want to get to school on time,you must _________.( )
A.hurry up B.cheer up C.stay up
12.(2022•锡山区模拟)The war ______ between Russia and Ukraine and has caused a lot of problems.( )
A.broke down B.broke into C.broke out D.broke up
13.(2022•石家庄模拟)On the first day of the Spring Festival,we _________ new clothes and visit people.( )
A.try on B.turn on C.carry on D.put on
14.(2022•广西一模)The teacher asked the students to _________ a story about a trip to the moon.( )
A.pick up B.give up C.make up D.turn up
15.(2022•东方一模)Li Ming always gets good marks and his parents are him.( )
A.think of B.take care of
C.proud of
16.(2022•东海县一模)Don't you know "KIT"?They ____________ "keep in touch".( )
A.pay for B.look for C.stand for D.fit for
17.(2022•淮南模拟)﹣Mr.Lee said he teaching English because he loved children.
﹣Yes.And his love for children and teaching makes him a great teacher( )
A.turned up B.gave up C.took up D.set up
18.(2022•东海县一模)Before you read a book,you'd better _______ the first pages to know whether it suits you.( )
A.look out B.look through
C.look up D.look for
19.(2022•成华区模拟)I think every student is supposed to ______ a sporting activity for a healthy life.( )
A.turn off B.take up C.put away
20.(2022•黑龙江一模)—What does your mother think of your performance today?
—The smile on her face shows she is ________ what I did.( )
A.proud of B.sure about
C.worried about
2022年中考英语复习新题速递之短语辨析(2022年5月)
参考答案与试题解析
一.选择题(共20小题)
1.(2022•蜀山区一模)The museum is free,so you needn't ________ it.( )
A.leave for B.work for C.pay for D.look for
【考点】动词短语.菁优网版权所有
【分析】博物馆是免费的,所以你不需要付钱。
【解答】A.离开去,B.为……工作,C.支付,D.寻找,根据The museum is free可知是免费的,判断不需要付钱。
故选:C。
【点评】分析动词短语的含义,结合语境作答。
2.(2022•曹县一模)Young phubbers (低头族) should ________ the time they spend on their smart phones.( )
A.cut down B.cut up C.cut off
【考点】动词短语.菁优网版权所有
【分析】低头族应该削减他们花在智能手机上的时间。
【解答】cut down削减;cut up切碎;cut off切断;根据句意,低头族应该____他们花在智能手机上的时间,可知此处用cut down,表示"削减"。
故选:A。
【点评】牢记动词短语的词义及用法,进行比较分析,选择正确答案。
3.(2022•黑龙江一模)—Simon failed the exam again.
—That's not surprising.Computer games ________ too much of his time.( )
A.take down B.take up C.take off
【考点】动词短语.菁优网版权所有
【分析】﹣﹣西蒙考试又失败了。
﹣﹣那不奇怪。电脑游戏占据了他太多时间。
【解答】take down记下;take up占据;take off起飞;根据句意,西蒙考试又失败了,可知电脑游戏占据了他太多时间。
故选:B。
【点评】牢记动词短语的词义及用法,进行比较分析,选择正确答案。
4.(2022春•歙县期中)There are different____books.Some of them are____interesting.( )
A.kind of;kind of B.kinds of;kinds of
C.kind of;kinds of D.kinds of;kind of
【考点】名词短语;副词短语.菁优网版权所有
【分析】有不同种类的书。有些书挺有趣。
【解答】第一空different kinds of各种各样的,常跟复数名词;第二空kind of稍微,有点儿,常修饰形容词;D项正确。这里要注意,kind的不同词义。
故选:D。
【点评】考察名词短语,根据不同的语境,能分辨出kinds of与kind of的区别,并选出正确选项。
5.(2022春•毕节市月考)Tom works hard earn(挣) more money.( )
A.in order that B.in order to
C.so that D.as if
【考点】介词短语.菁优网版权所有
【分析】汤姆为了挣更多的钱而努力工作。
【解答】in order that为了,后接从句;in order to为了,后接动词不定式,so that为了,以便于,as if好像,引导方式状语从句,根据后面earn more money挣更多的钱,前面要用动词不定式,排除答案A和C,结合句意,此处表示目的。
故选:B。
【点评】正确辨析各介词短语的含义,结合题干句意选择作答。
6.(2022•金坛区一模)﹣ We should wear masks to care for ourselves and the people around us during the epidemic.
﹣ So it does. ,life is the most important to everyone.( )
A.At all B.Above all C.After all D.In all
【考点】介词短语.菁优网版权所有
【分析】﹣在疫情期间,我们要戴上口罩,爱护自己和身边的人。
﹣确实如此。毕竟,生命对每个人来说都是最重要的。
【解答】A.At all根本;B.Above all 首先;C.After all毕竟;D.In all 总共。根据题干...life is the most important to everyone,可知是指:毕竟,生命对每个人来说都是最重要的。
故选:C。
【点评】熟悉介词短语的用法,结合题意,给出答案。
7.(2022春•香坊区校级月考)Everyone can make the dream he is looking forward to if he can keep working hard for it.( )
A.coming true B.come true
C.comes true
【考点】动名词短语.菁优网版权所有
【分析】只要每个人坚持努力工作,他就能使自己期待的梦想成为现实。
【解答】come true实现,coming是现在分词或动名词。根据观察和分析可知句子使用了"make+名词+动词原形"句型,句中he is looking forword to是定语从句,修饰dream。
故选:B。
【点评】解答本题需首先分析句子结构,理解字面意思和考点,再根据所给选项的不同形式选取正确答案。
8.(2022春•前郭县校级月考)Some children don't feel happy ,because they have ____rules at home ,and they have to _____homework every day.( )
A.too many;too much B.too much;much too
C.too much;too many
【考点】形容词短语.菁优网版权所有
【分析】有些孩子感觉不开心,因为他们家里有太多的规矩,每天都要做太多的家庭作业。
【解答】too many太多,修饰可数名词复数形式;too much太多,修饰不可数名词;much too太,修饰形容词或副词。rules "规矩"是复数名词,故空一应用too many修饰;homework "家庭作业"是不可数名词,应用too much修饰。
故选:A。
【点评】熟记"too many太多,修饰可数名词复数形式;too much太多,修饰不可数名词;much too太,修饰形容词或副词。"的区别,根据句意选出正确答案。
9.(2022•荆州模拟)You shouldn't eat too much.You have several pounds.( )
A.put off B.put down C.put on D.put away
【考点】动词短语.菁优网版权所有
【分析】你不应该吃太多。你必须减掉几磅。
【解答】put off扑灭;put down放下,削减;put on穿上;put away收好;根据句意,你不应该吃太多,可知你要减肥。
故选:B。
【点评】牢记动词短语的词义及用法,进行比较分析,选择正确答案。
10.(2022•泉州模拟)﹣ Have you read the stories of Lu Xun?
﹣ Yes,he _________ a pen to show the dark side of the old China.( )
A.took away B.picked up C.gave up
【考点】动词短语.菁优网版权所有
【分析】﹣﹣你读过鲁迅的故事吗?
﹣﹣是的,他拿起钢笔,揭露旧中国黑暗的一面。
【解答】took away拿走;picked up拿起;gave up放弃;根据句意,鲁迅____钢笔,揭露旧中国黑暗的一面,可知此处用picked up,表示"拿起"。
故选:B。
【点评】牢记动词短语的词义及用法,进行比较分析,选择正确答案。
11.(2022•福州模拟)Jack,it's 7:20 !If you want to get to school on time,you must _________.( )
A.hurry up B.cheer up C.stay up
【考点】动词短语.菁优网版权所有
【分析】杰克,7点20了!如果你想按时到校,你必须快点。
【解答】hurry up快点;cheer up使振作;stay up熬夜;根据句意,如果你想按时到校,可知必须快点。
故选:A。
【点评】牢记动词短语的词义及用法,进行比较分析,选择正确答案。
12.(2022•锡山区模拟)The war ______ between Russia and Ukraine and has caused a lot of problems.( )
A.broke down B.broke into C.broke out D.broke up
【考点】动词短语.菁优网版权所有
【分析】俄罗斯和乌克兰之间的战争爆发,导致了很多问题。
【解答】broke down发生故障;broke into闯入;broke out爆发;broke up分手,破裂;根据句意,俄罗斯和乌克兰之间的战争____,导致了很多问题,可知此处用broke out,表示"爆发"。
故选:C。
【点评】牢记动词短语的词义及用法,进行比较分析,选择正确答案。
13.(2022•石家庄模拟)On the first day of the Spring Festival,we _________ new clothes and visit people.( )
A.try on B.turn on C.carry on D.put on
【考点】动词短语.菁优网版权所有
【分析】在春节的第一天,我们穿上新衣服去拜访别人。
【解答】try on试穿;turn on打开;carry on继续;put on穿上;根据句意,在春节的第一天,我们____新衣服去拜访别人,可知此处用put on,表示"穿上"。
故选:D。
【点评】牢记动词短语的词义及用法,进行比较分析,选择正确答案。
14.(2022•广西一模)The teacher asked the students to _________ a story about a trip to the moon.( )
A.pick up B.give up C.make up D.turn up
【考点】动词短语.菁优网版权所有
【分析】老师要求学生们编一个去月球旅行的故事。
【解答】pick up捡起;give up放弃;make up编造;turn up调大声;根据句意,老师要求学生们_____一个去月球旅行的故事,可知此处用make up,表示"编造"。
故选:C。
【点评】牢记动词短语的词义及用法,进行比较分析,选择正确答案。
15.(2022•东方一模)Li Ming always gets good marks and his parents are him.( )
A.think of B.take care of
C.proud of
【考点】动词短语.菁优网版权所有
【分析】李明总是获得好成绩,他的父母为他骄傲。
【解答】think of想起;take care of照顾;be proud of为......骄傲;句中有系动词are,不能再用动词think和take;根据句意,李明总是获得好成绩,可知他的父母为他骄傲。
故选:C。
【点评】牢记短语的词义及用法,进行比较分析,选择正确答案。
16.(2022•东海县一模)Don't you know "KIT"?They ____________ "keep in touch".( )
A.pay for B.look for C.stand for D.fit for
【考点】动词短语.菁优网版权所有
【分析】你不知道"KIT"吗?他们代表"保持联系"。
【解答】pay for支付;look for寻找;stand for代表;fit for适合;根据句意,"KIT"____"保持联系",可知此处用stand for,表示"代表"。
故选:C。
【点评】牢记动词短语的词义及用法,进行比较分析,选择正确答案。
17.(2022•淮南模拟)﹣Mr.Lee said he teaching English because he loved children.
﹣Yes.And his love for children and teaching makes him a great teacher( )
A.turned up B.gave up C.took up D.set up
【考点】动词短语.菁优网版权所有
【分析】﹣﹣李老师说他从事英语教育,因为他喜欢孩子们。
﹣﹣是的。他对孩子们的爱和教育使他成为了一个好老师。
【解答】turned up调大声;gave up放弃;took up从事;set up建立;根据句意,他喜欢孩子,可知他从事英语教育。
故选:C。
【点评】牢记动词短语的词义及用法,进行比较分析,选择正确答案。
18.(2022•东海县一模)Before you read a book,you'd better _______ the first pages to know whether it suits you.( )
A.look out B.look through
C.look up D.look for
【考点】动词短语.菁优网版权所有
【分析】在你读一本书之前,最好浏览首页看它是否适合你。
【解答】look out当心;look through浏览;look up查阅;look for寻找;根据句意,在你读一本书之前,最好____首页看它是否适合你,可知此处用look through,表示"浏览"。
故选:B。
【点评】牢记动词短语的词义及用法,进行比较分析,选择正确答案。
19.(2022•成华区模拟)I think every student is supposed to ______ a sporting activity for a healthy life.( )
A.turn off B.take up C.put away
【考点】动词短语.菁优网版权所有
【分析】我认为每个学生为了健康都应该开始从事一项体育活动。
【解答】turn off关掉;take up开始从事;put away收好;根据句意,为了健康,每个学生都应该____一项体育活动,可知此处用take up,表示"开始从事"。
故选:B。
【点评】牢记动词短语的词义及用法,进行比较分析,选择正确答案。
20.(2022•黑龙江一模)—What does your mother think of your performance today?
—The smile on her face shows she is ________ what I did.( )
A.proud of B.sure about
C.worried about
【考点】动词短语.菁优网版权所有
【分析】﹣﹣你妈妈觉得今天的表演怎么样?
﹣﹣她脸上的笑容表明她为我所做的感到骄傲。
【解答】be proud of为......骄傲;be sure about对......有把握;be worried about担心;根据句意,她脸上的笑容,可知她为我所做的感到骄傲。
故选:A。
【点评】牢记短语的词义及用法,进行比较分析,选择正确答案。
考点卡片
1.动词短语
【概念】
动词短语:
动词短语就是有些动词可以和一些别的词构成短语(以动词为中心),表达一个概念,其作用和一个单独动词差不多的一种固定搭配.在实际使用中,通常会把动词短语当成一个整体.
【用法】
(1)动词+副词:
在"动词+副词"的词组中宾语位置有两种情况:宾语如是名词,则可置于副词后面,亦可置于动词和副词之间.而如果宾语是代词,只能置于动词后面,即动词和副词之间.
例:First put some salt into the water and then.( )
A.mix them up B.mix up them C.mix it up D.mix up it
分析:首先放一些盐在水里,然后搅拌它们.
解答:分析句子,结合选项,推测意思是首先放一些盐在水里,然后搅拌它们.这里salt是不可数名词,用it指代,放在中间,故选C.
(2)动词+副词+介词:
在这类动词短语中,动词、副词、介词紧密结合,是动副词组和动介词组的合成体,词义上相当于一个及物动词.它兼有以上两类短语动词的特点,但宾语总是位于介词之后.
例:She is planning her project.Let's help her ____some good ideas.( )
A.come out B.come up C.come up with D.catch up with
分析:她正在计划她的项目,让我们帮助她想出一些好主意.
解答:come out出来,出现,出版,come up发生,上来,come up with想出,catch up with追上,赶上;结合句意"她正在计划她的项目,让我们帮助她想出一些好主意."可知,要用是一般现在时,help后面跟动词原形,故答案为C.其它三个选项语意不通.
(3)动词+名词:
这类动词短语中的常见动词是have,take,give,make等,后面的名词通常是从动词转化而来的动作名词,并表达了短语动词的真正意义.
例:The old man _____,and he wants to see a doctor now.( )
A.has fever B.have a fever C.has a fever D.has fevers
分析:这位老人发烧了,他现在想去看医生.
解答:考查动词短语.have a fever是固定短语,意思是"发烧";结合句意"这位老人发烧,他现在想去看医生."可知,要用是一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故答案为C.
(4)be+形容词+介词:
be+形容词(包括过去分词作形容词)+介词相当于及物动词,宾语位于介词后面,形容词是短语动词的真正词义.
例:This pair of shoes_____hand.( )
A.is made with B.are made from C.are made of D.is made by
分析:这双鞋是手工做的.
解答:考查动词短语.A用.什么东西制造.B.由…制造(看不出原材料).C.由…制造(看出原材料).D.由…制造(由某人).结合语境"这双鞋是手工做的.".可知,由双手制造,用is made by.选D.
【中考命题方向】
中考英语试题常考查动词短语的用法,意义相近的动词短语、但容易混淆的短语、常用动词短语.这些是考查的重点.
2.名词短语
【概念】
名词短语:在句中起名词作用的短语叫名词短语.是指由几个名词或名词及其修饰语构成的短语.名词性短语一般可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分.
【用法】
①两个或多个名词可以由and等对等连词连接,构成名词短语.
Men and women are equal.
男人和女人是平等的.(Men and women是名词短语.)
②冠词作修饰语,可与后面的名词构成名词短语.
I don't know the man.
我不认识那人.(the man是名词短语.)
The _____ the story is very interesting.( )
A.begin
B.begin with
C.beginning
D.beginning of
分析:故事的开头很有趣.
解答:beginning名词,begin动词,句意:这个故事的开头很有趣.the beginning of是固定短语,意为"……的开头",故正确答案为D.
③名词本身作修饰语,可与后面的名词构成名词短语.
He went to the bus stop.
他去了车站.(the bus stop是名词短语.)
She bought a gas stove yesterday.
昨天她买了一个煤气炉.(a gas stove是名词短语.)
I'm Jim Green.I'm from America.Green is my _____.( )
A.full name
B.family name
C.given name
分析:我是吉姆格林,我来自美国,格林是我的姓.
解答:根据I'm Jim Green我是吉姆格林,因此格林是姓,故选B姓.A.全名,C.名字
点评:解答这类试题时,务必充分理解上下文的语境和前后文的逻辑关系,找到解题的依据,同时正确区分选项的细微差别,准确作答.
④形容词作修饰语,可与后面的名词构成名词短语.
John Lennon, the famous singer, was killed in 1980.
著名歌星约翰列侬在一九八零年被杀.(the famous singer是名词短语.)
I bought a bar of chocolate.
我买了一块巧克力.(a bar of chocolate是名词短语.)
The book is one of his best﹣sellers.
这本书是他的畅销书之一.(one of his best﹣sellers是名词短语.)
例:My aunt had a pig of a day yesterday.She lost her purse and mobile phone on the street.( )
A.a wonderful day
B.a busy
C.a lucky day
D.an unhappy day
分析:昨天我姑姑过了不高兴的一天,在大街上她丢了钱包和手机.
解答:根据句子She lost her purse and mobile phone on the street(在大街上她丢失了钱包和手机)可得知昨天她很不开心.had a pig of a day 的中文意思是不高兴的一天,而 unhappy day 的意思也是不高兴的一天,故答案为D.
点评:这一题学生要先了解had a pig of day 的意思,然后在分析四个选项的意思,然后就可以筛选出答案.
⑤介词及其宾语作修饰语,可与前面的名词构成名词短语.
They are looking for a man without his left leg.
他们在找一个缺了左腿的男人.(a man without his left leg是名词短语.)
⑥不定式或不定式短语作修饰语,可与前面的名词构成名词短语.
The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.
明天要开的会很重要.(The meeting to be held是名词短语.)
⑦分词作修饰语,可与后面的名词构成名词短语.
The sleeping child is his son.
正在睡觉的孩子是他的儿子.(The sleeping child是名词短语.)
⑧动名词作修饰语,可与后面的名词构成名词短语.
He went to the swimming pool.
他去游泳池了.(the swimming pool是名词短语.)
【中考命题方向】
中考英语试题常考名词短语的词义辨析用法,意义相近的动词、意义不同,但容易混淆的名词短语、名词短语的固定用法.正确区分选项的细微差别.这些是考查的重点.
3.形容词短语
【概念】
在句中起形容词作用的短语叫做形容词短语.
【用法】
(1)两个或多个形容词可以由and,but等对等连词连接,构成形容词短语.
Your room is large and beautiful.
你的房间大且美丽.(large and beautiful是形容词短语.)
He is young but clever.
他年轻但聪明.(young but clever是形容词短语.)
(2)very等程度副词作修饰语,可与形容词构成形容词短语.
It is very hot today.
今天很热.(very hot是形容词短语.)
The room was awfully dirty.
这屋子太脏了.(awfully dirty是形容词短语.)
The road is long enough.
这路够长的.(long enough是形容词短语,enough在形容词后作修饰语.)
(3)介词及其宾语可用在形容词后修饰形容词,可与形容词构成形容词短语.
I am sure of success.
我确信会成功的.(sure of success是形容词短语.)
The bottle is full of water.
瓶子里装满了水.(full of water是形容词短语.)
(4)不定式在形容词后作修饰语,可与形容词构成形容词短语.
He is sure to come.
他一定会来的.(sure to come是形容词短语.)
【中考命题方向】
中考英语试题常考查形容词短语的用法,但容易混淆的形容词短语、常用形容词短语的习惯用法、常用形容词短语.这些是考查的重点.
4.副词短语
【概念】
副词短语是指由几个副词或副词及其修饰语构成的短语.
【用法】
①两个或多个副词可以由and,but等对等连词构成副词短语.
I tried again and again.
我试了一遍又一遍.(again and again是副词短语.)
She types quickly and correctly.
她打字快且准确.
﹣How far is it from your home to your school?
﹣﹣It's a quarter's walk,______.( )
A.here and there
B.now and then
C.up and down
D.more or less
分析:﹣从你家到你的学校有多远?
﹣走路大约一刻钟.
解答:here and there处处,各处;now and then不时,偶尔;up and down上上下下,来回;more or less大约,左右.根据语境可知此处应为"大约一刻钟",故答案选D.
点评:本题考查副词短语,考生需掌握各个副词短语的意义,再根据语境语义来选择正确的选项.
②very等程度副词作修饰语,可与其他副词构成副词短语.
He runs extremely fast.
他跑得快极了.(extremely fast是副词短语.)
He can finish that much quicker.
他能以快得多的速度完成它.(much quicker是副词短语.)
The teacher speaks clearly enough.
老师说得够清楚的.(clearly enough是副词短语,enough在副词后作修饰语.)
③介词及其宾语可用在副词后修饰副词,可与副词构成副词短语.
He ran fast on his way home.
回家的路上他跑得很快.(fast on his way home是副词短语.)
He speaks English slowly to his students.
他以缓慢的速度对他的学生们说英语.(slowly to his student是副词短语.)
④不定式或不定式短语在副词后作修饰语,可与副词构成副词短语.
She tried hard to move the box.
她费力要移动那个箱子.(hard to move the box是副词短语.)
【解题方法点拨】
注意频度副词和副词短语的区别.
【中考命题方向】
中考英语试题常考查副词短语的意思,意义相近的副词短语,常用副词短语.这些是考查的重点.
5.介词短语
【概念】
①介词短语:
指由介词+介词、介词+名词、介词+分词、介词+动词、介词+形容词、介词+副词等构成的短语.常用的有:according to, along with, in front of, by means of, in spite of, together with, with regard to等.
②概念点拨:
介词短语是由介词加宾语构成,本身可作句子成分,如定语或状语等,可单独使用;介词与其他词类或成分结合后方能在句子中充当语法成分,构成介词短语.
【用法】
介词短语可以作定语(须后置)、状语、表语、宾语补足语、另一个介词的宾语,间或作主语等.例如:
①作定语
The skyscraper in the distance is a five﹣star hotel.(定语)
The old thing _____are all three _____years old.( )
A.on show, hundred
B.for showing, hundreds of
C.on show, hundreds
分析:这些展出的古老的东西都三百年了.
解答:on show 展出,介词短语做后置定语,三百年three hundred years,hundreds of意思是"数以百计的",结合句意"这些展出的古老的东西都三百年了."可知,答案为A.
②做状语
Her eyes were tired from long reading.(状语)
Grace often gets nervous before she gives a speech.( )
A.in pubic
B.in total
C.in common
分析:Grace在公众场合演讲前经常紧张.
解答:结合语境Grace often gets nervous 可以推断这句话表达的意思是"Grace在公众场合演讲前经常紧张.",所以设空处的介词短语表达的意思是"在公众场合",应该用 in public,in total"总共",in common"共有"都不符合句意,故选A
点评:英语介词的一个特点是一词多义,并且介词间语义交叉现象很多,习惯用法也很多,有时很难从词义上区分开来.故学习中要注意不断总结,熟记一些介词和动词的固定搭配用法及习惯用法,是完成此类问题的捷径.
③作表语
The decision is of great importance to me.(表语)
Most of the wild animals are _____because of their bad living environment.
﹣So we must do something to save them.( )
A.in need
B.on duty
C.at work
D.in danger
分析﹣﹣大多数野生动物由于恶劣的生存条件而处在濒危之中.
﹣﹣所以我们必须采取措施拯救它们.
解答:首先明确选项中每个单词或短语的意思,A:需要;B:值日;C:在工作;D:处于危险中;根据题干结合推测设空处句子的句意是"大多数野生动物由于恶劣的生存条件而处在濒危之中.",由此判断句子中缺少"处于危险中"一词,故答案为D.
④做宾语补足语
They found the machine in a bad state.(宾语补足语)
When we get on the bus,we should wait____.( )
A.in a line
B.with a line
C.in line
D.on line
分析:当我们上车的时候,我们应该排队等候.
解答:根据When we get on the bus,可知当我们上车的时候,我们应该排队等候.排队等候应该用wait in line表示.故选C.
⑤做主语
On purpose or not on purpose is of great difference.(主语)
____the students in this primary school is about four thousand,and_____ of them are from Xi'an.( )
A.A number of; the number of
B.The number of; a number of
C.The number of; the number of
D.A number of; a number of
分析这个小学的学生数大约是四千,他们当中很多人来自西安.
解答:首先明确选项中涉及到的单词或短语的意思和用法,a number of 意思是"许多"修饰可数名词复数,the number of 意思是"…的数量",作主语视为单数,本题中,结合语境推测句意是"这个小学的学生数大约是四千,他们当中很多人来自西安.",故答案为B.
【中考命题方向】
中考英语试题常考查介词短语的用法,容易混淆的介词短语.英语介词的一个特点是一词多义,并且介词间语义交叉现象很多,习惯用法也很多,有时很难从词义上区分开来.故学习中要注意不断总结,熟记一些介词短语的固定搭配及习惯用法.这些是考查的重点.
6.动名词短语
【概念】
动名词短语:
动名词短语(gerundial phrase),以动名词为中心,其句子功用相当于动名词的短语.动名词短语是:doing+名词或代词构成的.
【用法】
两个或多个动名词短语并列作主语的时候 谓语动词是单数还是复数形式?这要看叙述的是一件事还是两件以上,如果是一件事,谓语动词是单数,如果是两件事,谓语动词是复数形式.
如:Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.
Watching TV and reading books are really interesting.
①做主语
当表示现在进行动作或存在的状态时,就用动名词短语.
例:____the environment is important for human beings.( )
A.Take care of
B.Taking care of
C.Took care of
D.take the care of
分析:爱护环境对人类很重要.
解答:根据该句为动词短语take care of 在句中作主语,根据动词作主语用动名词形式,故动词take应用动名词taking,故填入Taking care of,故选B.
点评:动名词的形式是动词+ing,动名词从它的名称上就知道它具有动词和名词的功能,因此它在句中,可作主语、表语、宾语、定语.要结合语境选择合适用法,注意动名词变法.
②作表语
My favourite is swimming. 我的最爱是游泳.
③作宾语
例:I suggest____ next week.( )
A.go mountain climbing
B.will go mountain climbing
C.to go mountain climbing
D.going mountain climbing
分析:我建议下周去爬山.
解答:根据空格前面的词语是suggest,意思是"建议"后面要跟动名词,结合给出的四个选项.因此可知这句话的意思是"我建议下周去爬山."只有D项的第一个词是动名词,故选D.
点评:首先要掌握这个句子的意思,然后结合具体的题目,就可以确定正确答案.
④做宾语补主语
例:It's too cold.Would you mind me____the window?
____But don't do it now.( )
A.to close; Sure
B.closing; Good idea
C.closing; Better not
D.closing; Of course not
分析:﹣﹣天冷了,你介意关上窗子吗?
﹣﹣不介意,但是现在不要关.
解答:根据题意可知﹣﹣天冷了,你介意关上窗子吗?﹣﹣不介意,但是现在不要关.mind+doing,故排除A;根据But可知,前面应该是同意关了.根据句意故选D.
点评:此题考查了固定句型的用法.抓住句中的关键词并联系相关的语法知识就可做出正确答案.注意平时对此类句型用法的总结和归纳.
【中考命题方向】
中考英语试题常考查一些动名词短语的固定用法,结合语境,选择合适的形式.注意平时句型用法的总结和归纳.这些是考查的重点.
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