微专题--虚拟语气 讲义 (考点清单+精讲+好题回顾) 2022届高考英语语法精讲精练 （教师版+学生版）

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2022届英语语法精讲精练微专题（虚拟语气）教师版 考点清单一、if引起的虚拟条件句  要点精讲1：与现在事实相反,从句用一般过去时(be 动词用were),主句用would/could +do。例1：If she had time, she would go with you.  例2：If I were a bird, I would fly freely in the air.   【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. Sorry, I’m too busy now. If I_________(have) time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.【答案与解析】1. had。语境暗示从句与现在事实相反，应用一般过去时。故答案是had。要点精讲2：与过去事实相反,从句用过去完成时,主句用would/could/might have done。例3：If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.  例4：If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it.   【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。2. If the captain had been more careful, his ship               (sink).【答案与解析】2. wouldn’t have sunk。结合语境主从句与过去事实相反，主句应用would have done，且是否定形式。故答案是wouldn’t have sunk。要点精讲3：与将来事实相反,从句谓语三选一：①一般过去时②were to do ③should do,主句用would do。例5：If it rained/were to rain/should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。3. This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.4. Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she___________(live) there, she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often. 【答案与解析】3. should。结合语境从句与将来事实相反，应用“should+动词原形”。故答案是should。4. lived/should live/were to live。结合语境从句与将来事实相反，从句谓语三选一：①一般过去时②were to do ③should do。故答案是lived/should live/were to live。要点精讲4：错综条件句，即主句和从句与不同时间相反，则根据主从句位置和事实区别对待对号入座。例6：If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. 例7：If you were older, I would have allowed you to go there alone yesterday.  【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。5. If it _________(be) for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.            6. If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he ________(be) able to speak it much better now.【答案与解析】5. hadn’t been。the other day说明从句与过去事实相反，应用过去完成时；且是否定形式。故答案是hadn’t been。6. would be。now说明主句与现在事实相反，应用would do。故答案是would be。要点精讲5：if条件句若省略if，则把were/ should/ had提前到句首构成部分倒装句。例8：Were I you (= If I were you), I would go abroad at once.例9：Had I arrived (= If I had arrived) five minutes earlier, I would have caught the train.例10：Should he come (=If he should come) today, tell him to ring me up.【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。7. What would have happened _______ Bob walked farther, as far as the river bank? 【答案与解析】7. had。根据语境后半句表示与过去事实相反，应用过去完成时；且省略if，应用倒装结构，故答案是had。要点精讲1：含蓄条件句，即句子含有without, but for, otherwise等词，后面按主句对待。例11：But for the rain, we would have finished the work.例12：I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.  例13：I would have delivered a speech, but I had a cold that day.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。8. We ______________(put) John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.9. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway _______________(write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. 【答案与解析】8. would have put。but for his recent injury表示“要不是他受伤”，构成含蓄条件句，与过去事实相反，应用would have done。故答案是would have put。9. wouldn’t have written。Without his wartime experiences表示“没有他的战争经历”，构成含蓄条件句，与过去事实相反，应用would have done，且是否定意义。故答案是wouldn’t have written。考点清单二、从句谓语用“(should)+动词原形”场合 要点精讲1：一二三四类动词(一坚持insist二命令order, command三建议advise, suggest, recommend四要求demand, desire, require, request)接从句谓语用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。但应注意insist表示“坚持说”，suggest表示“暗示，表明”时，后接宾语从句应用陈述语气。例14：It is suggested that the meeting should be put off till next week. 例15：The doctor ordered that the patient (should) be sent to hospital without delay. 例16：The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。10. Eye doctors recommend a child’s first eye exam _______(be) at the age of six months old.11. Jane's pale face suggested that she _______ (be) ill, and her parents suggested that she ________ (have) a medical examination. 12. The young man insisted that he ________(do) nothing wrong and that he ___________(set) free.【答案与解析】10. (should) be。recommend that….表示“推荐，建议”，接从句谓语用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。故答案是(should) be。11. was; (should) have。前半句suggested表示“暗示，表明”，后接宾语从句应用陈述语气，即与主句时态呼应应用一般过去时；第二空表示“建议”， 接从句谓语用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。故答案是was; (should) have。12. had done; (should) be set。insist 表示“坚持认为”，后接从句用虚拟语气；若表示“坚持说”，从句应用陈述语气。故答案是had done; (should) be set。要点精讲2：一二三四类动词派生来的名词(order, command, advice, suggestion, requirement等)后接从句，该从句谓语动词用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。例17：We agreed to the order that the task (should) be completed at 5 o'clock.例18：Our only request is that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。13. The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students _________(give) two weeks to prepare for the exam.【答案与解析】13. (should) be given。suggestion, requirement等名词后接从句，该从句谓语动词用should+动词原形，且should可以省略；结合语境应用被动语态。故答案是(should) be given。要点:3. It is necessary/strange/ impossible..that..从句谓语用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。若从句涉及已经发生的动作，则应用should have done。例19：It is strange that he should have acted toward his parents like that. 例20：It's vital that we (should) take our safety driving along the road seriously.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。14. It is advisable that you ___________ (take) your work seriously, or it won't be long before you're laid off.  【答案与解析】14. (should) take。It is necessary/strange/advisable..that..从句谓语用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。故答案是(should) take。考点清单三、特殊句型与虚拟语气 要点精讲1：I wish that…从句与过去、现在、将来事实相反，分别用had done, did, would/could do。例21：I wish that I were ten years younger.例22：I wish that I had met that film star yesterday.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。15.—Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.—I wish they _________(not be) always late. 16. How I wish every family ____________(have) a large house with a beautiful garden!【答案与解析】15. wouldn’t be。结合语境从句与将来事实相反，故应用would do。故答案是wouldn’t be。16. had。结合语境从句与现在事实相反，故应用一般过去时。故答案是had。要点精讲2：if only表示“如果……该多好”，as if/though表示“好像”，从句虚拟用法同上。例23：He looks as if he were an artist. 例24：She looks as if nothing had happened to her.例25：If only I had seen the film with Jane last night.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。17. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it look as if it ___________(break). 18. Don’t handle the vase as if it __________(make) of steel. 19. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ______________(follow) your advice. 【答案与解析】17. were broken。it look as if…表示“看起来好像……”，从句与现在事实相反，应用一般过去时；结合语境应用被动语态。故答案是were broken。18. were made。该句意为：不要处理花瓶好像它是钢铁做成似地。从句与现在事实相反，应用一般过去时；结合语境应用被动语态。故答案是were made。19. had followed。结合语境if only后边与过去事实相反，应用过去完成时。故答案是had followed。要点精讲3：I would rather that…从句与过去事实相反用过去完成时，与现在、将来相反用一般过去时。例26：I'd rather that he had gone to the seaside with me the day before yesterday.例27：When my father is upset, he would rather that we left him alone.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。20. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he __________ (focus) more on its culture.【答案与解析】20. focused。I would rather that…从句与与现在、将来相反都用一般过去时。本句显然是与将来事实相反。故答案是focused。要点精讲4：It is high/about time that..后面常用did或should do, should不能省，意为“早该……”。例28：It is high time that you went to school.  例29：It is about time that we should set out at once. 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。21. Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he ___________(do) something instead of just talking.【答案与解析】21. did/should do。It is high/about time that..后面常用did或should do, should不能省，意为“早该……”。故答案是did/should do。好题再练（一）高考真题在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1. (2020江苏) If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I __________(not be) where I am.2. (2019天津) The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________(accomplish) the task in half the time.3. (2019江苏) What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _____________(have) a good time together.4. (2018天津)If we ___________(catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach. 5. (2018江苏) It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission.6. (2018江苏)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______(have) a second chance to become more involved. 7. (2018北京) They might have found a better hotel if they _________(drive) a few more kilometers.8. (2017北京) If the new safety system ______________(put) to use, the accident would never have happened.9. (2017天津) —Do you have Betty’s phone number? —Yes. Otherwise, I ______(be) able to reach her yesterday.10. (2017江苏)_______it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.【答案】1. wouldn’t be 2. would have accomplished 3. would have had 4. had caught 5. should 6. had 7. had driven 8. had been put 9. wouldn’t have been 10. Were 好题再练（二）模拟试题在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。11. Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he ____________(be) busy. 12. We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we____________ (see) more places of interest yesterday.13. The time is not ripe. I'd rather you ____________ (not, say) anything about it for the time being.14. ____________we made a great effort last term, we might have succeeded.15. I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I would _________________(injure).16. _________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu River.17. If I ________(know) about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy would have been saved.18. If it were not for the fact that you ____________ (be) ill, I would ask you to do this right now.19. Without the doctor's timely operation, the little girl ____________ (lose) her life.20. It is high time that we ____________ (place) great emphasis on the improvement of food safety.【答案】11. was 12.would have seen 13. didn’t say 14. Had 15. have been injured 16. Should 17. had known 18. are 19.would have lost 20. placed/should place 好题再练（三）单句改错下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。21. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.22. The manager proposed that Tom was given an opportunity to explain why he'd refused to go there. 23. If only I listened to my parents, I might have passed the driving test!  24. The conference wouldn’t have be so successful if we hadn't made adequate preparation.25. If only there was some magic button I could push to take away the sadness in her eyes. 26.—Larry, such mistakes could have avoided if you had been more careful.—Sorry, sir. I'll do better next time.27. I can't stand him. He always talks as though he knows everything.28. I made the suggestion that she stuck to the plan she had made.29. It was ordered that no smoking was not allowed in the library, which made the smokers unhappy.30. How I wish I bought that skirt when it was available! Ugh! I regret it every time.【答案与解析】21. 去掉can或者can改为should 22. was改为be 23. listened前加had 24. be改为been 25. was改为were 26. avoided前加been 27. knows改为knew 28. stuck改为stick 29.第二个was改为be 30. bought前加had