2022高考英语二轮复习阅读理解专项精准讲练 第1讲 阅读理解命题规律解析

2022高考英语二轮复习阅读理解专项精准讲练

第一讲     阅读理解命题规律解析

大数据分析

大数据1　2018~2021年全国Ⅰ卷题型统计分析

大数据2　2019~2021年体裁及主题分布分析

命题规律

1.文章出处：英文原版书籍；国外期刊网站。

2.体裁特点:考查全面,体裁题材以说明文为主, 应用文、记叙文为辅，偶尔考议论文。

3.题型特点:题型以细节理解题和推理判断题为主,以主旨大意题和词义推断题为辅。

3.主题语境:以人与社会为主，以人与自我、人与自然为辅。

4.能力考查:文章信息量大,语篇含有多处结构复杂的长难句,对考生的阅读速度和快速处理信息的能力要求很高。

命题趋势

1.预计2022年高考阅读理解的难易度仍会保持稳定, 总体稳定, 稳中求变; 题材各异, 体裁多样; 角度趋稳,设问科学。

2.题型仍会以细节理解题和推理判断题为主,兼顾主旨大意题和词义推断题。

解题步骤

解答阅读理解最基本的原则：忠于原文，把握文章主旨大意，有理有据, 不能主观臆断（注意：一定要把答案出处在文章中画出来）

解题步骤：在理解文章主旨大意的基础上一定、二找、三比较

一定：读题干，定关键词

二找：利用关键词，结合命题顺序（题文同序原则），在文中找到信息句

三比较：将信息与选项比较，选出正确答案。

正确的答案的特征 1.与主题吻合   2. 同义替换 3. 语气委婉，不绝对化 4. 正确答案常出现在两首（首段各段首句）两尾（尾段及各段尾句）转折词后及特殊符号处

错误选项的特征：1. 无中生有 2. 以偏概全 3. 偷换概念 4. 逻辑颠倒 5. 过度推理 6.常识干扰 7.绝对化

真题演练

                               （1）                                                             
   In my everyday life, I am on an ongoing journey to figure out different ways to reduce my carbon footprint on the planet. A carbon footprint is the measure of influence our activities have on the environment, in particular climate change. It is calculated by the amount of greenhouse gas we produce in our daily lives. Fortunately, nowadays it is much easier to make eco-friendly lifestyle choices than, let’s say, 20 years ago. But one question has been on my mind a lot lately: is it better to buy new eco-friendly products or used traditionally produced goods?
   After doing some research, I have decided that some things are better new and others are better used. Let me try to explain.
   A carbon footprint is made up of two parts, the primary footprint and the secondary footprint. The primary footprint is a measure of our direct emissions (排放) of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the burning of fuels, including household energy consumption and transportation. The secondary footprint is a measure of the indirect CO2 emissions from the whole life-cycle of products we use — those related to their production and breakdown.
   Based on this understanding, we have a good deal of control and responsibility over our carbon footprint. Things like dishes, clothes and furniture fall into the “secondary footprint” group, so less is more and we can focus on finding used goods to avoid the added production. However, for the car and the other appliances (设备) that we need we can go with new, energy-saving models. I heard somewhere that electronics and appliances give off 90% of their carbon footprint after they leave the factory. So it seems most reasonable to go for the energy-saving models. The main concern here is the amount of energy that goes into the making of new products and whether or not that extra carbon is worth the footprint the product will make once it gets to you.

1. What is the text mainly about?
A. What appliances to buy to save energy.
B. What a carbon footprint means in our life.
C. How to identify different carbon footprints.
D. How to make eco-friendly lifestyle choices.

2. What do we know about the secondary carbon footprint?
A. It is related to our consumption of fuels.
B. It is made when we are buying the products.
C. It is less harmful than the primary carbon footprint.
D. It is counted as ours though not directly made by us.

3. Which of the following helps reduce our carbon footprint according to the author?

A.Using second-hand textbooks.    B. Using old and expensive cars.

C. Buying new but cheap clothes.    D. Buying new wooden furniture.

4. “The footprint” underlined in the last sentence refers to the CO2 produced in        .
A. using the product             B. recycling the product
C. making the product            D. transporting the product

（2）

As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric（生物测量）technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.

Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device（装置）that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence（节奏）with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.

It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.

In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.

5. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?

   A. To reduce pressure on keys.       B. To improve accuracy in typing

   C. To replace the password system.   D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.

6. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible？

   A. Computers are much easier to operate.

   B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.

   C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.

   D. Data security measures are guaranteed.

7. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard？

   A. It’ll be environment-friendly.         B. It’ll reach consumers soon.

   C. It’ll be made of plastics.             D. It’ll help speed up typing.

8. Where is this text most likely from?

   A. A diary.      B.A guidebook     C. A novel.     D. A magazine.

学习笔记

1.重要单词及长难句分析

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_____________________________________________________________________2.我的反思总结

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