2022届高考人教版英语一轮复习课件：语法专题2代词

这是一份2022届高考人教版英语一轮复习课件：语法专题2代词，共43页。PPT课件主要包含了-2-，高考感悟，考点归纳，-3-，-4-，-5-，-6-，-7-，-8-，-9-等内容，欢迎下载使用。
its　由后面的名词plans可知,此处应使用形容词性物主代词。故用its。
1.(2020·全国Ⅰ,语篇填空)Data abut the mn’s cmpsitin,such as hw much ice and ther treasures it cntains,culd help China decide whether 　　　　　(it) plans fr a future lunar(月球的) base are practical. 
2.(2019·天津卷,单项填空) A study shws the students wh are engaged in after-schl activities are happier than 　　　　　　wh are nt. thse　句意:一项研究表明参与课外活动的学生比那些不参与的更快乐。这里指那些不参与课外活动的学生们,所以用thse。3.(2018·全国Ⅲ,语篇填空)When the grillas and I frightened each ther,I was just glad t find 　　　　　(they) alive. them　分析句子成分可知,所填的词做find 的宾语,故用代词的宾格them。
4.(2017·全国Ⅱ,语篇填空)Hwever,the railway quickly prved t be a great success and within six mnths,mre than 25,000 peple were using 　　　　　every day. it　it在这里指代前面提到的名词the railway。5.(2016·四川,语篇填空)By that time,the panda n lnger needed 　　　　　(it) mther fr fd. its　its在此处修饰其后的名词mther,故此处用it的形容词性物主代词its做定语。
注意①形容词性物主代词通常用作定语,修饰名词,如:her father她的父亲。②“f(介词)+名词性物主代词(或名词所有格)”构成双重所有格,如:a friend f mine我的一个朋友。
1.指代时间、距离、自然现象等。如:It is half past tw nw.现在两点半。(指时间)It is 6 miles t the nearest hspital.离最近的医院有六英里。(指距离)It is very cld in the rm.房间很冷。(指温度)
2.指代前面所提到过的事物、群体、想法、性别不明或性别被认为不重要的人或动物、未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。如:—Wh’s that at the dr?——门口那人是谁?—It is the milkman.——是送奶工。(it指代性别不明或性别被认为不重要的人)—I’ve brken a plate.——我打碎了一个盘子。—It(=Breaking the plate) desn’t matter.——没关系。(it指前面所提到过的事情)
3.it可以用作形式主语或形式宾语,而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面,真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动词-ing形式和不定式充当。如:It is said that all f them have gne t the cinema.据说他们都去看电影了。N matter where he is,he makes it a rule t g ut fr a walk befre breakfast.无论在哪儿,他总是习惯在早餐前出去散步。
4.it用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词(短语),尤其是表示好恶的动词(短语)后面,如:enjy,like,lve,dislike,hate,dn’t mind,be fnd f,feel like,see t后,即这些动词(短语)后面的宾语从句前要加it。如:I’d appreciate it if yu culd help me.如果你能帮我,我会感激不尽。5.it的固定结构:make it;get it;see t it that;put it。如:If yu put yur heart int it,yu can make it.如果你全心全意地去做,你会成功的。
1.it特指上文所提到的同一事物,它所代替的名词常由the,this,that等修饰。ne泛指上文提到的同类事物中的一个,不特指,相当于a/an+单数名词;nes泛指上文提到的同类事物的复数名词;the ne特指前面的可数名词单数,有时可以用that来代替(尤其是后面有后置定语时);the nes特指上文提到的复数名词,有时可以用thse代替,尤其在有后置定语的情况下。that特指前面出现的单数名词或不可数名词,相当于“the+可数名词单数/不可数名词”;that 的复数形式为thse,替代可数名词复数,既可指人也可指物。
Yesterday I lst my pen and I culdn’t find it.S I had t buy ne.(it指代my pen;ne替代a pen)昨天我丢了钢笔而且没找到。所以我不得不再买一支。The bks n the desk are better than thse/the nes under the desk.(thse/the nes替代the bks)桌子上的书要比桌子下面的好。N pleasure can equal that f a cl drink n a ht day.没有什么能比得上在炎热的天气里喝上一杯冷饮那样快乐。(that替代pleasure)
2.that和ne的主要区别:that既可替代可数名词单数,也可替代不可数名词,常有后置定语,一般不指人,复数形式为thse;ne只能替代可数名词单数,复数形式为nes。当可数名词前有形容词修饰时,只能用ne,不用that。当f短语做可数名词单数的后置定语时,用that,不用ne。The quality f educatin in this small schl is better than that in sme larger schls.这所规模较小的学校的教育质量比一些规模较大的学校好。If yu’re buying tday’s paper frm the stand,culd yu get ne fr me?如果你从摊上买今天的报纸,能给我捎一份吗?(ne替代a paper 一份报纸)
指示代词是用来指代或标记人或事物的代词,有this,that,these,thse。this,that是单数,these,thse是复数。指示代词可以在句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语等。This is what I want t say.这就是我想要说的。That was twenty years ag.那是二十年前的事了。These are nt my bks.这些不是我的书。Thse are her papers.那些是她的试卷。
1.bth(两者都),either(两者中的任何一个),neither(两者都不)。以上这些词使用范围为两者。Jhn and Mary have bth wn the prizes.约翰和玛丽都得了奖。I’ve lived in New Yrk and Chicag,but dn’t like either f them very much.我曾经在纽约和芝加哥居住过,但是这两个城市我都不是很喜欢。The research grup prduced tw reprts based n the survey,but neither cntained any useful suggestins.这个调查组在调查的基础上提供了两份报告,但是没有一份包含有用的建议。
2.bth与复数名词连用,either与单数名词连用。There are flwers n bth sides f the street.街道两旁都有花。There are flwers n either side f the street.街道的每一边都有花。
3.all(所有的,全部的人或物),any(任何一个),nne(都不)。以上词使用范围为三者或三者以上。All the students in my class like ur teachers.我们班的所有学生都喜欢我们的老师。Althugh Rsemary had suffered frm a serius illness fr years,she lst nne f her enthusiasm fr life.虽然罗斯玛丽患上这种严重的疾病多年,但是她一点儿也没有失去对生活的热情。4.each可指两者,也可指两者以上。They each have a car.他们都有车。
1.n不能单独使用,相当于nt a或nt any,做定语修饰可数名词或不可数名词。He has n wrry abut safety.他一点也不为安全担心。2.nne既可以指人,也可以指物,侧重指三者或三者以上的人或物,可与介词f连用,用于回答hw many/much引导的疑问句。—Hw many peple are there in the rm?房间里有多少人?—Nne.没有人。
3.nbdy指人,用于回答wh引导的疑问句;nthing指物,用于回答what引导的疑问句。The meeting will be held in September,but nbdy knws the date fr sure.这次会议将在9月举行,但没人知道确切的日期。—What are yu ding?你正在做什么?—Nthing.没干什么。
1.anther既可以单独使用,也可以用于单数名词前,泛指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个人或物”。还可以用于“anther+数词+复数名词”中,表示“再,又”。Recycling is ne way t prtect the envirnment;reusing is anther.循环利用是保护环境的一种方式,重新利用是另一种方式。Yu have t wait fr anther three weeks.你还得等待三周。2.ther 可用作形容词,意思为“别的,其他的”,泛指“其他的(人或物)”。Yu can ask ther peple t help yu.你可以让其他人帮你。
3.the ther指两个人或物中的一个,不能用anther,此时ther为代词。The ld man has tw sns.One is a teacher;the ther is a dctr.这位老人有两个儿子。一个是老师,另一个是医生。4.the ther 后可接可数名词单数也可接可数名词复数,不接不可数名词。此时ther为形容词。On the ther side f the street,there is a tall tree.在街道的另一边,有一棵高树。He is taller than the ther students in his class.他比班里其他学生都高。
5.thers 是ther的复数形式,泛指“另外几个;其他的”。thers不能做定语,表示复数意义,相当于“ther+复数名词”;the thers相当于“the ther+复数名词”,指剩下的全部。In sme cuntries,peple eat with chpsticks,while in thers,knives and frks.在一些国家,人们用筷子吃饭,而在另一些国家,人们用刀子和叉子。Tw students in ur class failed,but all the thers passed the exam.班里两个学生没及格,但其他学生全部通过了考试。
everyne/everybdy意为“每个人”;smene/smebdy意为“某人,有人”,其特殊含义是“有价值的人或者重要的人”;anyne/anybdy意为“任何人,无论谁”;nbdy意为“没有人,无人,谁也不”。everything意为“每件事;所有事物”;smething意为“某事/物”,其特殊含义是“大致;……左右;有价值的事物或者重要的事物”;anything意为“任何事物”;nthing意为“没有”。Yu can ask anyne fr help.Everyne here is willing t lend yu a hand.你可以向任何人求助。这儿的每个人都愿意帮助你。Smebdy has parked his car right in frnt f mine.有人将车子正好停在我的车子前面。
He was such a fast talker that nbdy culd understand him.他讲话很快,没有人能听懂。—Have yu figured ut hw much the trip will cst?—$4,000,r smething like that.——你算出这次旅程会花多少钱了吗?——四千美元,或者大约那样的数目。A smile csts nthing,but gives much.微笑花费不了什么,却给予很多。
常见搭配:nthing but只不过anything but绝不;根本不smething f有点儿……;在某种程度上是nthing t d with和……没关系fr nthing免费;白白地;白费;无缘无故地
nne,n ne,nbdy,nthing,neither,nt any 以及“n+名词”均表示全部否定;但当nt 与表示全部肯定的不定代词连用时,不管nt的位置在其前还是其后,都表示部分否定。Nne f them smke.他们都不吸烟。Such a persn can’t be fund everywhere.(部分否定)这种人并非随处可见。
Ⅰ.单句填空1.Many peple called Cha a “her” even thugh he cnsidered 　　　　　　(he) a writer f her stries.(2019·重庆一中高三期中测试) himself　句意:许多人称查为“英雄”,尽管他认为他是英雄故事的作者。句子的宾语和主语指的是同一人,所以用反身代词。2.Realizing it was ur last high schl sprts meeting,we decided t make 　　　　　　　　an unfrgettable experience fr all f us.(2019·河北邯郸一中质检) it　所填的词指代前面的ur last high schl sprts meeting,所以填代词it。
3.While making a chice frm varius ways f spending the time,we ught t ensure smething that restres 　　　　　　(we) lst energy.(2019·山东泰安模拟) ur　所填的词做定语,修饰lst energy,所以用形容词性物主代词。4.Five years later,I fund 　　　　　　(I) wrking in the ffices f a mvie cmpany.(2019·浙江杭州模考) myself　句意:五年后,我发现自己在一家电影公司的办公室工作。宾语和主语指的是同一个人,故填反身代词。5.Scientists researching 　　　　　　(it) effect n ur mds are beginning t understand that we can influence ur feelings with what we eat.(2019·湖南六校联盟高三联考) its　由名词effect可知,应用形容词性物主代词its。
6.Originating in China,tea has lng established 　　　　　　(it) as the natinal drink f this cuntry.(2019·河南郑州高中毕业第一次质量预测) itself　此处填的代词与句子主语tea形成互指关系,故用反身代词。7.Taxis are certainly the mst cnvenient means f transprt,as 　　　　　requires little effrt t raise yur arm t call a cab. it　此处的it为形式主语,真正的主语是后面的t raise yur arm t call a cab。8.I dn’t like science fictin nvels much.When yu’ve read 　　　　　,yu’ve read them all. ne　此处用ne泛指前面提到的同类事物中的一个。
9.The cuple had ne bilgical child and adpted three 　　　　　.thers　thers是ther的复数形式,表示泛指,本句意为“这对夫妇有一个亲生孩子,领养了三个孩子”。10.Mark whispered s sftly that 　　　　　but Julie heard him. nne　此处nne表示“没有人”,强调数量为零。11.They had gne t a great deal f expense fr 　　　　　　　. nthing　根据句意“他们白白牺牲了很多东西”可知,应用nthing,意为“没有东西”。12.This result is nly slightly different frm 　　　　　btained in the US. that　that代替result,表示特指。that往往用来指代上文提到的事物,this指下文要陈述的事物。
13.The cells f the bdy,especially 　　　　　　f the brain,can live nly minutes withut circulating bld. thse　thse用来替代the cells,特指大脑那些细胞,因此用复数形式。14.If yu dn’t build yur dream,smene will hire yu t build 　　　　　　(they). theirs　句意:如果你不构建自己的梦想,那么就会有人雇用你去构建他们的梦想。本空在句中做build的宾语,与前面的build yur dream呼应,表示build their dreams,因此应用名词性物主代词theirs代替their dreams。15.“One time I asked her,why is 　　　(me) listening cmprehensin s bad?” Mr.Zuckerberg said. my　句意:扎克伯格先生说:“有一次,我问她,为什么我的听力理解如此差?”此处修饰listening cmprehensin,故用my。
Ⅱ.单句改错1.When I was in high schl,mst f my friends had a bicycle.I hped I culd als have it.it→ne　此处指代a bicycle,所以用ne。ne用来代替上文提到的单数可数名词,表示泛指。
2.I’ve learnt frm the ntice that yu’re lking fr an English editr fr us schl paper.us→ur　此处做定语修饰schl paper,表示“我们学校的报纸”,应用ur。3.But it’s difficult fr me t decide what activities we shuld rganize and hw t plan it.第二个it →them　plan后应跟一个指代前面的activities的代词,为复数形式,做plan的宾语,故应用宾格代词them。
4.Once yu get int a bad habit,yu’ll find it hard t get rid f them.them→it　此处代指a bad habit,故用it。5.I decided t tell my parents it was the fault f the cat fr fear that she shuld punish me.she→they　本处代指“我父母”,应用they。
6.I’d like t intrduce Sarah t yu.She is a gd friend f me.
me→mine　她是“我”的一个好朋友。此处应用名词性物主代词mine,相当于my friends。
7.That is knwn t us that respect fr ne’s parents is ne f Chinese traditinal mral values.That→It　It is knwn t us that...为固定句式,表示“我们都知道,众所周知”,其中it为形式主语,that引导的从句为真正的主语,故改为it。8.We ften think f themselves as the centre f their family.We→They　根据下文themselves和their的提示可知,应改为They。
9.I gt the news frm the newspaper that yu need an art editr fr ur magazine.ur→yur　根据句意“你的杂志需要一个美术编辑”可知此处指“你的”。故改为yur。
Ⅲ.语篇填空Emily sits by her desk.She studies fr an exam.Actually,she frces 1.　　　　　　　 t study fr that exam,since what she really wants t d is g utside and play sccer! Her friend Kelly is by her windw.She thrws a little stne at it and then calls,“Is there 2.　　　　　　　 hme?” “Yes,I am here!” Emily answers.“This is s unfair!I want t be utside with 3.　　　　　 and nt here with these bring bklets(小册子)!” “Whatever yu are ding with thse bring bklets,yu shuld cme ut and play with us!”Kelly calls back.
“I can’t d 4.　　 　　　,” Emily says sadly.“This exam f 5.　　　　　 is tmrrw,s nw I need t study fr it.” She takes the stne that Kelly threw in,and sends it flying utside.Then she clses the windw.She knws that everybdy else has studied already, and nw 6. 　　　　　 f them are playing utside. “Well,” she thinks t herself,“it is my test,and I myself have t study fr it.I knw that Kelly wants t help me,but nt this time.We can help 7.　　　　　 ther with ther things.” She takes anther lk at her tw bklets.She tries t read a page f the first bklet,and then a page f the 8. 　　　　　.Bth are bring.“9.　　　　　　  f yu is interesting!” she tells them seriusly. 
“What can I d?” she thinks t herself.“I really have enugh!”Suddenly,a great idea cmes t her mind.“I knw!” she thinks,“I’ll make a drawing f everything I read!I like t draw,and drawings will make it interesting!”She grabs her pencil and happily begins t draw.Mre and mre is drawn n her ntebk,and after tw hurs she finishes her bklets.She is tired but happy,and she can finally g ut t play.“Where is 10.　　　　　　　 ?” she asks herself.Emily ntices it is dark already.“I guess they all went hme ...” Suddenly her drbell rings.Kelly and the rest f her friends are there.They are all tired and they want t watch a mvie tgether.Emily is very happy.She can nw enjy a mvie with her friends!
1.herself　艾米莉在强迫自己学习,因此用反身代词herself。2.anybdy/anyne　此处是一般疑问句,意为“有人在家吗?”,故用anybdy或anyne。3.yu　艾米莉和凯莉在对话,故用yu指代凯莉。4.that　此处that指代上文凯莉给出的建议,意为“我不能那样做”。5.mine　此处在该句中做主语,由上文的this exam f可知,应该用名词性物主代词mine。6.all　由上文的everybdy可知,所有人都已经复习好了,故用all指代所有人。7.each　句意:我们可以在别的事情上互相帮助。each ther是固定结构,意为“相互”。
8.ther　根据上文的tw bklets,the first bklet及下文的bth可知,艾米莉有两本小册子,故用the ther指两本小册子中的一本。9.Neither　上文提到了两本小册子,否定两者用neither。10.everybdy/everyne　根据下文的they all went hme可知,此处用everybdy或everyne指代所有的在外面玩耍的小伙伴。
Ⅳ.短文改错(2017·河南郑州高中毕业第一次质量预测)Last weekend we went fr camping in the muntains with ur teacher,Anna.When we arrived,we made a camp fire first.Then,Anna taught us t catch fish s that they culd have mre fd t eat that night.I liked the airs there because it was fresh and clean.Many stars were up highly in the sky and the mn lked bright.We all sat arund the fire,listening Anna’s stries abut her childhd.She was brn int a pr family r she wrked very hard t be successful.I was very tuched that I culdn’t sleep the whle night,thught abut being a teacher in the future.When I get hme,I said t my parents,“Everything was great abut the camping.I want t be the teacher like Anna in the future.”
1.删除fr　g camping表示“野营”,故介词fr多余。2.they→we　与上文人称代词we保持一致,故此处应用we。3.airs→air　air在此处表示“空气”,是不可数名词,故没有复数形式。4.highly→high　highly做副词表示抽象概念,high做副词表示具体概念。结合语境可知,星星悬挂在高空中,是一个具体概念,故用high。5.listening后加t　listen为不及物动词,其后接宾语要加介词t。6.r→and/s　根据语境可知,上下文表示逻辑上的并列或因果关系,故用and或s。7.very→s　根据固定句型“如此……以至于……”可知,应用副词s。