所属成套资源:2022届高考英语短文改错题型攻克
第7部分——非谓语-2022届高考英语短文改错题型攻克
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这是一份第7部分——非谓语-2022届高考英语短文改错题型攻克,共8页。
1、非谓语VS谓语
2、动词+固定非谓语的形式
3、非谓语的主谓一致
1、非谓语VS谓语
——语法本质:
(1)动词的语法作用(2个):
1)谓语;
2)非谓语。
(2)谓语的本质:表示句子主语的动作或状态的词
一个句子中,有且只有一个谓语动词。
(3)非谓语的本质:
1)是动词,与谓语是相对概念;
I will g and see the mvie.
I will g t see the mvie.
注:“两个句子需要连接方式”是判断使用谓语或非谓语的关键条件之一。
2)作除谓语以外的其他成分,使一个句子能够表达出更多的内容。
I am standing here and he is smiling there.
I am standing here, he smiling there.
(4)非谓语产生条件:“有谓无连”。
一个句子中有一个谓语,且该谓语与另一动词没有连接词连接。
英语中两个句子的连接方式:
1)特殊标点符号:(3个)分号、冒号、破折号
连接并列句
2)连词: (4个)and, but, r, s
3)连接词:what, which, wh, when, where…连接主从句
——析错:
1、两个动词之间的关系;
2、考查非谓语的基本形式。
——识错:
1、一个句子中有非谓语却无谓语 → 非谓语改成谓语;
2、多个动词间没有连接方式 → 将其中一个动词改为非谓语;
3、应用非谓语但“主被动”误用 → 非谓语主被动互改。
——试错(P7):
And much f the research carrying ut is unnecessary.
A wman saw him crying and telling him t wait utside a shp.
My parents will d all they can make sure that I get a gd educatin.
She is the queen f 16 ther cuntries, Australia, New Zealand including.
We all enjyed the precius day greatly, remember the time we spent tgether.
With the develpment f the Internet, there is a kind f language calling the Web Language.
Mdern peple knw mre abut health, have better fd, and t live in cleaner surrundings.
A great many peple want t learn English s that they can cmplete a curse used English materials.
She can’t speak r hear, but we “talked” t each ther using gestures and write n each ther’s hands
2、动词+固定非谓语的形式
——析错:考查固定搭配
——识错:
(1)以下动词后或结构中只能后加t d:
1)特定动词和结构:
a. ask, demand;
b. plan, intend, mean;
c. manage, d/try ne’s best, make an attempt, learn;
d. wish, hpe, desire, expect, lng, wuld like, shuld like, wuld prefer;
e. agree, prmise, decide, determine, chse, make a decisin, vlunteer ffer,
make up ne’s mind;
f. apply, help, prepare, claim;
g. fail, pretend, refuse, fear, hate, hesitate, threaten;
h. happen, affrd, bther, care;
i. have n chice but t d;
j. be + adj. t d。
2)连接代词或连接副词后没有主语时:
a. 连接代词what, which, wh, whm + t d
b. 连接副词where, hw, whether + t d
(注意:①while/after/befre/if + ding;②when + ding/t d)
3)变体——以下结构中,用(t) d(省t不定式):
a. 含使役动词的句中:make, let, have;
特别注意:1、当make(使……)为被动时,省略的t需还原写出;2、make/let/have + sb./sth. dne(表被动)
b. 一些情态动词后: cannt but…, cannt help but…;
c. d nthing/anything/everything but/except d句型中;
(2)以下动词后或结构中,只能后加ding:
1)admit, allw, permit, deny, avid, prevent, escape, frbid;
2)advise, cnsider, prpse, suggest;
3)appreciate, encurage, ensure;
4)delay, pstpne, put ff;
5)enjy, feel like, mind, can’t help, can’t stand;
6)excuse, frgive, dubt;
7)cmplete, finish, imagine, miss, give up, quit;
8)invlve, practice, resist, risk, recall, keep;
(注:allw/permit/advise/encurage sb./sth. t d)
另外:以下结构中的t为介词,后接ding:
= 1 \* GB3 ① keep t,apply t,indifference t,lk frward t,
amunt t,stand up t,we…t,put ne’s mind t
succeed t,attribute…t,live up t,dedicate…t,
aid t,pint t, limit t,bject t,
turn t,get dwn t
= 2 \* GB3 ② be faithful t,be familiar t,be ppsed t,be superir t,
be sensitive t,be cmmitted t,be devted t;
= 3 \* GB3 ③ with an eye t,with regard t,with a view t;
= 4 \* GB3 ④ in relatin t;
= 5 \* GB3 ⑤ thanks t,wing t
注:1、任何介词后直接跟动词都是ding;
2、with sb./sth ding/dne。
(3)以下动词后跟t d, ding均可,注意语意的不同。
= 1 \* GB3 ① remember t d sth.记得要去做某事
remember ding sth.记得做过某事
= 2 \* GB3 ② frget t d sth.忘记了该做的事情
frget ding sth.忘记了做过的事情
= 3 \* GB3 ③ regret t d sth.对要说的事感到遗憾
regret ding sth.后悔做过的事
= 4 \* GB3 ④ stp t d sth.停止手中的事去做另一件事
stp ding sth.停止正在做的事
= 5 \* GB3 ⑤ g n t d sth.继续做另一件事
g n ding sth.继续做正在做的事
= 6 \* GB3 ⑥ try t d sth.努力去做某事
try ding sth.尝试着做某事
= 7 \* GB3 ⑦ mean t d sth.打算做……
mean ding sth.意味着……
= 8 \* GB3 ⑧ 感官动词 + (t) d: 强调结果
感官动词 + ding: 强调动作
补:形式主语It引导的句型中:
①大多数情况用t d;
②特定单词后用ding:
It’s n use/gd/harm + ding.
It’s funny/fun/pleasant/wrthwhile/hpeless/a waste f time + ding。
——试错(P7):
Lking frward t meet yu!
It helps the time passing mre quickly.
I cntinued practicing ck at hme whenever I had time.
I’m still t yung t adapting t the hard life in the army.
When I was yung, I was eager t achieving material success.
Phil was a traveling salesman and he enjyed drink alchl very much.
I almst had my finger be cut when I cut nin and made a mess f the kitchen.
As lng as yu get yur bdy mving, it desn’t mean g t the gym every day.
Whenever I asked her questins, she will spare n effrt t make me understd.
If yu knw which cuntry yu wish t g t, yu are welcme visit ur website.
Beijing spent at least $20 billin transfrm the crwded and plluted capital int a much cleaner city.
Suddenly, a yung man kncked her ver and escaped quickly, leaving the ld granny lie n the grund.
S it makes sense that yga is a favrite activity amng peple wh want feel strnger and mre relaxed.
After rdered tw French dishes and sme fd, I began t lk frequently at my watch, timing the serving f the meal.
Every year abut 17 millin animals are used in labratry experiments. But d we have the right t treating animals in this way?
At schl, in additin t cheat n a test, a kid might cheat by stealing smene else’s idea fr a science prject frm the Internet.
Talking with ther peple is a great idea because they are likely t helping yu figure ut what’s wrng and start cming up with slutins.
3、非谓语的主谓一致:
——析错:T d、Ding及其复合形式可以作句子的主语,相当于一个单词it(这件事),所以其谓语动词需要用三单。
——识错:T d/Ding开头的句子,注意其谓语动词是否为三单
——试错(P8):
Having fun with their friends make them happy.
Starting yur cllectin f stamps are easy because they are everywhere.
Earning their wn mney allw them t spend n anything as they please.
Playing ftball nt nly makes us grw up tall and strng but als give us a sense f fair play and team spirit.
参考答案
1、非谓语VS谓语
carrying→carried。非谓语carried作定语修饰the research,表被动。
telling→tld。tld与前面saw并列谓语,都用一般过去时。
make前加t。can后省略了动词d,且与make没有连接词,故make应使用非谓语。且根据语意,应用t d表目的。
including→included。非谓语carried作后置定语修饰前面两个国家,表被动。
remember→remembering。remember与前面谓语enjyed没有连接方式,应用非谓语,且根据语意,应用ding表示同时性。
calling→called。非谓语called作定语修饰language,表被动。
去掉t。knw,have和live三个谓语动词并列,形式保持一致。
used→using。use与前面谓语can cmplete没有连接方式,应用非谓语,且表主动。
write→writing。writing与前面using两个非谓语并列,表示talked同时进行。
2、动词+固定非谓语的形式
meet→meeting。lk frward t结构中,t为介词。
passing→pass。结构:help sb. (t) d。
ck→cking。结构:practice ding。
adapting→adapt。结构: d。
achieving→achieve。结构:be eager t d。
drink→drinking。结构:enjy drinking。
去掉be。结构:。
g→ging。结构:mean ding。
understd→understand。。
visit前加t。结构:be welcme t d。
transfrm→transfrming。结构:。
lie→lying。结构,表状态。
feel前加t。结构:want t d。
rdered→rdering。after此时作介词,后接ding。
treating→treat。结构:have right t d。
cheat→cheating。结构:in additin t ding。
helping→help。结构:be likely t d。
3、非谓语的主谓一致:
make→makes。非谓语结构Having fun with their friends作主语,为单数,谓语用三单。
are→is。非谓语结构Having fun with their friends作主语,为单数,谓语用三单。
give→gives。非谓语结构Playing ftball作主语,为单数,谓语用三单。非谓语的基本形式(3个):
主动
t d
ding
被动
dne
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