所属成套资源:2022届高考英语短文改错题型攻克
第9部分——主谓一致、被动语态、情态动词、虚拟语气-2022届高考英语短文改错题型攻克
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这是一份第9部分——主谓一致、被动语态、情态动词、虚拟语气-2022届高考英语短文改错题型攻克,共8页。
1、定义:谓语动词的形式要与主语的“人称”和“数”保持一致。
2、考点分类:
(1)语法一致:谓语与主语形式上的单复数一致;
(2)意义一致:谓语与主语意义上的单复数一致;
(3)就近原则:谓语与最靠近的主语一致。
——析错:
中文表达中没有主谓一致的概念,而英文表达中却存在。主语的人称(第一、二或三人称)和数(单数或复数)决定了谓语动词的形式。
(1)语法一致
——识错(特殊考点):
1)n.+介词+n.
①表示“所属关系”,主语为前面n.,如:a friend f mine,主语是a friend;
②f表示“一定量”,主语是后面n.,如:a lt f apples,主语是apples;
③量词+ f + n.,主语是量词。
(常考量词:kind, srt, type, frm, pair, cup, glass, piece, lad, blck, bx, handful, tn, meter)
2)特殊词或词组
many a, mre than ne
3)从句连接代词
that, which, what, wh等连接代词在从句中作主语时,其所指代的名词单复数决定了谓语的形式。
4)非谓语
T ding/Ding引导的词组作主语,被视为一个整体,相当于it(这件事),所以被视为单数,谓语用三单形式。
——试错(P7):
Katia, like many ther Russian girls, are nice and lively.
In January this year, the rate f the UFO reprts were steady
Nw friend Ann, tgether with me, are ging t d field study.
Jhn Brwn is a Lndn taxi driver wh lve ging t the theater.
Starting yur cllectin f stamps are easy because they are everywhere.
What I like best were the free high-speed Internet cnnectin in the rm.
(2)意义一致
——识错:
1)不定代词
①以下不定代词作主语或是修饰主语时,为单数
either, neither, nne, each, every, any
复合不定代词,如smething等;
②由and连接的两个名词前有n, each, every, mre than a (an), many a (an)时,语意为单数。
2)专有名词
表示国家、机构、事件、作品等名称的专有名词作主语,为整体概念,为单数。
3)集体名词
①表示整体,为单数;
②表示个体(多个人),为复数。
常考集体名词:
army, audience, class, club, cmmittee, crwd, family, gvernment, militia, grup, majrity, minrity, part, public, staff, team, trp, flck, firm (cmpany, crpratin), yuth.
注意:peple, plice, cattle也为集体名词,但只有复数含义。
4)and连接的两个名词
and连接两个名词作主语,但意义上为同一人或事物,被视为单数。
——试错(P7):
The majrity f the citizens in the cuntry is black peple.
It is reprted that many a new huse are being built at present in the disaster area.
A pet and artist are cming t speak t us abut Chinese literature this afternn.
Every pssible means have been used t prevent the air pllutin, but it’s in vain.
—Did yu g t the shw last night?
—Yeah. Every by and girl in the area were invited.
(3)就近原则
就近原则均出现在特殊结构中
——识错:
特殊连词
r
nt als...
——试错(P7):
Nt nly Alex but als Tm and Mary has tickets fr tnight’s shw.
Either yu r Tm are ging t attend the meeting t be held this afternn.
(四)被动语态
——语法本质:
中英文被动语态对比:
1、英语中的被动语态,表示主语是动作的承受者,且及物动词才有被动语态。其固定公式为:be/get dne;
2、汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”、“挨”等被动词来表示被动意义,有时甚至没有特定的词,紧靠语意表达。没有固定的公式。
——析错:语意+结构
——识错:
1、语意不是“被动”→ 删除be/get dne中的be/get
2、语意是“被动” → 1)-ed → be + -ed(注意be动词的形式);
2)be ding/-ed → be dne(注意不规则动词的变化)
——试错(P7):
Bks may be keep fr fur weeks.
I’m glad that yu’ve been settled dwn in Bstn.
When ne student des s, much larger values are destrying.
Tea in China was traditinally drank frm cups withut handles.
We hung a sign n the dr that was read: “We’re having dinner.”
The arrws were lked like rain, flying dwn at us frm the sky!
One day the schl held a party, where I invited t talk abut Tianjin.
An English lady was finally decided that she really shuld learn t drive.
It was turned t be her wn cup, which she’d left n the shelf by mistake.
Tday, I gt a letter that said I had been admitting t a cllege. I am prud f it.
After the drive, it was cst just ver £ 2 t put the car back int perfect cnditin.
(五)情态动词
——语法本质:
情态动词本身有一定的词义,用在行为动词前,表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。但是情态动词不能独立作谓语,后接动词原形一起构成谓语。
情态助动词总数(14个)
1、must, can/culd, may/might, shall/shuld, will/wuld
2、need, dare, used t
3、ught t, had better
——析错:
1、情态动词本身含义错误;
2、情动后没有接动词原形;
3、情态直接adj.的错误(缺少be动词)。
——试错(P8):
We’d better nt t miss the chance t enjy it.
He thught it wuld prbably leading t village.
We must fund ways t prtect ur envirnment.
We can chse between staying at hme and taking a trip.
Sme students may als t save up fr their cllege r future use.
I find that the neighbrhd which I used t living in has changed a lt.
Meanwhile, I fund ut that with mre patience I must make my tys last.
At weekends, we wuld play basketball, swimming in the pl r g fr a picnic.
虚拟语气
——语法本质:
通过谓语动词形式的变化体现虚拟语气。
——析错:
1、虚拟:谓语动词需时态后退;
2、语气:(shuld)后接动词原形。
——识错:
1、虚拟:句中有if引导的从句或特殊结构,且语意上表示虚假的或难以实现的情况;
2、语气:有特殊的谓语动词。
附表1:
引起虚拟的特殊结构:
withut/but fr/in the absence f = if nt:要不是、如果没有;
prviding/ prvided (that)/suppsing/suppse(that)/n cnditin that:假如;
as if / as thugh:如同,好像;
(4)even if/even thugh;
(5)wish:(希望)+从句;
(6)wuld rather:(宁愿)+从句;
(7)It is(high/abut)time + that sb. did sth.:早该做某事了。
附表2:
时态后退原则:
附表3:
引起语气的特殊谓语动词:
语气句型结构:sb. suggests (that) sb. (shuld) d sth.
——试错(P8):
If yu are me, wuld yu talk t them?
Sme classmates suggest we can g t places f interest nearby.
参考答案
(三)主谓一致
(1)语法一致
are→is。Katia, like many ther Russian girls满足结构“n.+介词+n.”,真主为Katia,为单数。
were→was。the rate f the UFO reprts满足结构“n.+介词+n.”,真主为the rate,为单数。
are→is。friend Ann, tgether with me满足结构“n.+介词+n.”,真主为Ann,为单数。
lve→lves。lve所在的定语从句修饰a Lndn taxi driver,为真主,为单数。
are→is。非谓语结构Starting yur cllectin f stamps作主语,为单数。
were→was。What引导主语从句,真主为其所指代的名词the Internet cnnectin,为单数。
(2)意义一致
is→are。majrity作主语,表示大部分人,为复数。
are→is。many a修饰主语,主语为单数。
are→is。pet和artist由and连接表示两重身份的同一人,为单数。
have→has。主语为means,且被Every修饰,故为单数。
were→was。by和girl并列主语,由every修饰为单数。
(3)就近原则
has→have。此句由nt als...连接,真主为Tm and Mary,为复数。
are→is。此句由连接,真主为Tm,为单数。
(四)被动语态
keep→kept。根据语意:书被保留。
去掉been。settle dwn表示“定居”,无被动形式。
destrying→destryed。根据语意:价值观被摧毁。
drank→drunk。drink的过去分词为drunk。
去掉was。此句中的read表示“写着”,无被动。
去掉were。此句中lk表示“看起来”,无需被动。
invited前加was。根据语意:我被动邀请。
去掉was。根据语意,应为“主动”。
去掉was。turn ut t be意为“结果是……”,无需被动。
admitting→admitted。根据语意,应为“被录取”。
去掉was。cst表示“花费”,无被动。
(五)情态动词
去掉t。had better为情态动词,后接动词原形。
leading→lead。wuld为情态动词,后接动词原形。
fund→find。must为情态动词,后接动词原形。
chse→chse。can为情态动词,后接动词原形。
去掉t。may为情态动词,后接动词原形。
living→live。used t表示“过去常常”,为情态动词,后接动词原形。
must→culd。根据语意,应为我“能够……”。
swimming→swim。wuld为情态动词,后接动词原形。
(六)虚拟语气
are→were。根据语意,应为对现在情况的虚拟,需要时态后退为一般过去时。
can→shuld或去掉can。根据前文suggest可知,此句为“语气”,应使用(shuld)+ d结构。
过去的过去
过去
现在
had been
were
am, is, are
had dne
did
d, des
wuld/shuld/culd have dne
wuld/shuld/culd d
will/shuld/culd d
动词类:
insist, desire, demand, decide, request, require, recmmend, rder, advice, suggest, prpse, cnsent, cmmand, ask
名词类:
desire, demand, decisin, requirement, recmmendatin, rder, advice, suggestin, necessity, preference, plan, mtin, idea,
形容词类:
required, demanded, requested, desired, desirable, suggested, recmmended, imperative, urgent, necessary, essential, imprtant, vital, apprpriate, advisable, better, preferable, prbable, pssible, rdered
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