02.比较级、最高级及形容词、副词的基本用法-2022年上海名校高中自主招生英语直通车

这是一份02.比较级、最高级及形容词、副词的基本用法-2022年上海名校高中自主招生英语直通车，共16页。

第02讲：比较级、最高级及形容词、副词的基本用法



考点归纳、考前巩固、真题链接
v 考点归纳
1. 表示倍数的常用结构: (原级比较、平衡结构)
⑴ A + v. (be) + 倍数 / 分数 + as + adj. + as + B
This book is twice as thick as that one.
⑵ A + v. (be) + 倍数 / 分数 + the price / size / weight / age / amount / length … + of + B
My room is five times the size of yours.
⑶ A + v. (be) + 倍数 / 分数 + a. / adv. 比较级 + than + B
This room is four times larger than that one.
⑷ A + v. (be) + 倍数 + that / those of + B (= as much as …)
His weight is three times that of mine.
*⑸ 基数词 + -fold
From 1980 to 1990, Danube (多瑙河) shipping increased more than sixfold.
2. 比较级(及其他)表示最高级的常用结构:
⑴ A + v. (be) + 比较级 + than + any other + n. (single)
Russia is bigger than any other country in the world.
⑵ A + v. (be) + 比较级 + than + anyone / anything, etc. + else
Jimmy is taller than anyone else in his class.
⑶ A + v. (be) + 比较级 + than + any of +
Jimmy is taller than any of the other students / the others in his class.
⑷ be second to none e.g. This building is second to none in height in this city.
3. 比较级、最高级修饰语: 比较级前可加诸如even, far, much, still, a lot等的程度副词；当比较对象属于同一范围时应使用other / else将本身排除在范围外
4. 合成词作定语的表达方式: a 5-year-old boy / a four-legged pet；注意be of (great) help = helpful
5. n. + -ly Þ adj. adj. + -ly Þ adv. e.g. friendly, carefully
某些副词有两种形式，一是与形容词同形，二是由该形容词加 -ly构成，注意区分异同:
deep, deeply high, highly close, closely dead, deadly, dying
well, good bad, badly farther, further live, alive, lively
late, later, latest, latter, lately clear, clearly easy, easily, etc.
6. -ed与 -ing型形容词的区别: 前者用于描述人的感受，后者用于修饰引发该感受的人或事
7. too much修饰不可数名词或动词；much too修饰形容词或副词原级
8. 多个形容词修饰一个名词时，根据形容词与所修饰名词的关系密切程度来排序，从左至右，依次为
①冠词、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词；②序数词、基数词；③性质、特征；④尺寸；⑤大小、长短、形状；⑥年龄、新旧；⑦颜色；⑧国籍、出处；⑨材料；⑩用途、类别
也可表达为 (选自《新编英语语法教程》)
限定词→表示说话人评价的形容词→表示大小、形状、新旧的形容词→表示颜色的形容词→表示国别、来源、材料的形容词→表示用途或目的的形容词或分词、名词等类别词→名词
9. 古英语遗留下来的几个 -ed 分词用法问题: 如drunk作补语，drunken作名词修饰语；类似地还有lighted (名词修饰语)与lit (补语)
10. 一般情况下形容词放在名词前，但在以下情况下形容词需要后置: ①与something, anything, nobody等不定代词连用；②表语形容词(alike等)需后置；③形容词短语一般后置；④特殊情况，如以 -ible结尾的形容词与only连用时常后置；⑤当修饰语本身带有不定式、介词词组等补足成分时通常后置，如Students brave enough to take the course deserve to succeed.
11. ☆so, such的固定结构类似于how, what感叹句结构 (参见感叹句，具体用法见结果状语从句)
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12. 常见形容词、副词后缀
13. 补语形容词包括表示健康状况的词(如well, ill)以及以前缀a- 开首的词(少部分为副词)；这类形容词一般不能直接作前置修饰语，但一般都存在着一个同义词，如The soldier was alone. Þ He was a lone / solitary soldier. 此外，a- 开首的补语形容词带修饰语时一般可作前置修饰语，如a really alive student
14. 形容词 + that分句中，that在口语中常可省略；能做类似用法的形容词有sure, certain, glad, amazed, surprised, confident, proud, disappointed, pleased, shocked等；该句型有时可与形容词 + 介词词组、形容词 + 不定式换用，如I’m sure that you will get success. = You are sure of success. = You are sure to get success.
15. cf. no more than (only), not more than (at most), no more … than (与…都不一样), no less … than, no other than, no better than (as bad as), no less than (as much as), not less than (at least), cannot / can never … too (再…也不为过)
16. 含as的结构
⑴ (not) as / the same … as … 两者(不)一样 You are as sweet as sugar!
⑵ … not so much A as B … 与其说是A不如说是B He isn’t so much a student as a teacher.
⑶ A is to B what / as C is to D A对于B来说就像C对于D，该结构中what / as可相互替换，但what引导的是比较状语从句，其中表比较，而as表等同，如:
2 is to 8 as 1 is to 4. Intellect is to the mind what sight is to the body.
17. 含more的结构:
⑴ the more …, the more … 越……越…… (the more仅表示比较级，并不意味着需将形容词、副词原有比较级改为the more形式，如the wider不应改为the more wide)
⑵ more and more 越……越……，前者为从属分句，后者为主句，并常伴有省略；
⑶ more … than … 与其说是……不如说是……；比……更加
There are more wonders in this world than are dreamt of.
其反义词组为less …than …，如John is less daring than quick-witted.
⑷ more than ①表示否定，如That is more than I can tell. ②不仅仅……，如My trip to Beijing is more than sightseeing. (不仅仅是游览观光而已)；
no more than 只有(强调少)；not more than 不超过(客观描述)
18. 有些表示“极度”的形容词无比较级和最高级，如perfect, dead, empty, absolute, round等
19. 以 -ior结尾且含比较意义的形容词用to代替than，如superior, inferior, senior, junior, prior等
20. 某些类似形容词的区分，如economical Û economic, respective Û respectable, considerate Û considerable, historical Û historic, satisfied Û satisfying Û satisfactory等

v 考前巩固
I. Complete the sentences on comparatives (比较级) and superlatives (最高级).
1. He was too tired to go _________ (更远).
2. As time went by, she became _________ (不那么焦虑了).
3. – How was the exam? – It _______________ (简单的不能再简单了).
4. This is ______________________ (我所见过最长的大桥了).
5. To Peter, painting is ______________________ (与其说是兴趣，不如说是一种生活方式).
6. – When shall we set out for the outing? – They told us to wait for _________ (进一步的通知).
7. As far as I remember, I was introduced to him in the ______________________ (下半年) of 1978.
8. _________ (不到) a hundred students took an active part in the competition.
9. Their life may seem dull to you, but they are _________ (十二分的满足).
10. They have two sons. Brian is _________ (更漂亮) of the two.
11. _________ you ask, _________ I am. (越……，越没把握)
12. This is one of ______________________ (世界上知名的大学).
II. Choose the best answer.
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1. The work on a _____ highway bridge over the strait will be started in the next decade.
A. 30-mile-length B. 30-mile-long
C. 30-miles-long D. 30 mile-long
2. There is no reason why they should limit how much vitamin you take, _____ they can limit how much water you drink.
A. much more than B. no more than C. no less than D. any more than
3. A great many educators firmly believe that English is one of _____ taught subjects in high schools.
A. the poorest B. the poorer C. the most poorly D. poorliest
4. The _____ workers rushed into the office and _____ passers-by soon gathered around the building.
A. excited…interested B. excited…interesting C. exciting…interested D. exciting…interesting
5. Rod was so tired that he fell asleep even though we were flying _____ over the Grand Canyon.
A. lowly B. highly C. high D. low
6. Some people believe that some numbers show the _____ side of a person’s personality.
A. hiding B. hid C. hidden D. hide
7. She returned home, _____.
A. overjoying B. to overjoy C. overjoyed D. being overjoyed
8. He feels that he is not yet _____ to travel abroad.
A. too strong B. enough strong C. so strong D. strong enough
9. Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race. Yet it is probably _____ a threat to the human race than environmental problem.
A. no more B. not more C. even more D. much more
10. It was _____ we had hoped.
A. more a success than B. a success more than
C. as much of a success as D. a success as much as
11. _____ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.
A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students
C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave
12. You don’t think we were all _____ careless, _____?
A. that…don’t you B. that…do you C. such…don’t you D. this…don’t you
13. From his _____ voice on the phone I know everything is going under way.
A. satisfactory B. satisfying C. satisfied D. satisfaction
14. The boy is still _____, though badly hurt in his bed.
A. living B. alive C. live D. lived
15. The book seems to be _____ a dictionary _____ a grammar.
A. more…than B. as…than C. more…as D. like…than
16. To Lee, _____ of advice may discourage him.
A. a list too long B. a too long list C. too long a list D. a list of long
17. The square itself is five hundred yards wide, five times _____ the size of St. Peter’s in Rome.
A. / B. that of C. which is D. of
18. We have to wait _____ three weeks to know the result.
A. other more B. a further C. a farther D. least
19. Who is ____ student in your class?
A. the third tallest B. third tall C. the third tall D. the-third-tallest
20. We don’t care if a hunting dog smells _____, but we really don’t want him to smell _____.
A. well…well B. bad…bad C. well…badly D. badly…bad
21. My dad bought me a _____ yesterday.
A. bamboo long fishing pole B. long bamboo fishing pole
C. pole long, bamboo, and fishing D. bamboo fishing long pole
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22. – You don’t look very _____. Are you ill? – No. I’m just a bit tired.
A. good B. well C. strong D. healthy
23. As I know, there is _____ car in this neighborhood.
A. no such B. no a C. not such D. no such a
24. You can never be _____ careful in the street.
A. much B. very C. so D. too
25. Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has _____ IQ.
A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest
26. The director gave me a better offer than _____.
A. that of Dick’s B. Dick’s C. he gave Dick D. those of Dick
III. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1. 知识就像一张渔网，渔网越宽越牢，网住的鱼就越多。(the more…the more…)
2. 我认为你们的建议和他们的一样有价值。(as…as)
3. 总裁对年轻人不惧怕困难的精神赞许有加。(speak)
4. 这是迄今为止我所见过的最大的广场。(ever)
5. 据说，中国人比西方人更早使用纸币。(It)
IV. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. He is no more a writer than a painter.
2. Tom is no wiser than Bob.
3. It is more than probable that he will fail.
4. The beauty of the place is more than I can describe.
5. I was more than pleased with the performance.
6. This room is no darker than that one.
7. I have no fewer friends here than he has.
V. Correct errors, if any, in the following sentences.
1. The building is as higher as that one.
2. Tina is taller than any girl in her class.
3. I’m astonishing at the news that he is going to attend the meeting.
4. I am most ready; my paper is near finished.
5. The smart dressed women looked out of place (不合适) in the tavern (小旅馆).
6. The old professor was high respecting.
7. The committee will discuss the matter farther.
8. You are certain to success.
9. I can tell you a much more funnier story than that.
10. Dick’s behaviour is more courteous than Bob.
11. Jones teaches much more friendly than Johnson.
12. He is as a good worker as John.
13. I think Mary is nicer of the two.
14. We can let you have copies as many as you need.
15. This room is larger than that one three times.

v 模拟演练
1. The Great Wall is ____ tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year.
A. so a well-known B. a so well-known C. such well-known a D. such a well-known
2. Ernest visited the South Pole because he wanted to see one of the ____ regions in the world.
A. colder B. coldest C. more coldly D. most coldly
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3. It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was ____ journey.
A. three hour B. a three-hours C. a three-hour D. three hours
4. ____ you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.
A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problem
C. However serious a problem D. What serious a problem
5. You’d be exposed to a lot ____ pollution if you moved to a town with pure water and air.
A. more B. most C. less D. least
6. When he bought the products in a large quantity, he was angry to find they were ____ the samples given to him.
A. as not well as B. as not good as C. not so good as D. not so well as
7. ____, the more severe the winters are.
A. The more north you go B. The farther you go the north
C. The more you go north D. The farther north you go
8. Chongming Island is ____ tourist attraction rich in ecological and cultural and historical resources that we’ll definitely go there again.
A. so a great B. a so great C. such a great D. such great a
9. Based on some lawyers’ ideas, the more severe the punishment, ____.
A. the less likely crime B. the less likely the crime
C. the crime less likely D. the less the likely crime
10. It’s high time you had your hair cut, since it’s getting ____.
A. too much long B. much too long C. long too much D. too long much
11. My little daughter has walked eight miles today. We never guessed that she could walk ____ far.
A. that B. such C. / D. as
12. The manager called upon his employees to improve their service. As a result, the supermarket attracted ____ customers in 2009 as the year before.
A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice as many as
13. The price of the real estate in Shanghai has been running up to ____ 20,000 yuan per square meter.
A. as many as B. the same as C. as much as D. as high as
14. You shouldn’t have a child ____ swimming alone in the lake. It’s very dangerous.
A. too young to go B. too young go C. young enough to go D. young enough going
15. Some young girls constantly worry that they are overweight, although they are ____.
A. perfectly healthy B. perfectly health C. perfect healthy D. perfect health
16. Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s, but it cost twice ____.
A. as many B. as much C. so much D. so many
17. – Do you like this part of the town, the so-called desired area?
– On the contrary, it’s the ____ area that I want to visit in town.
A. best B. first C. last D. least
18. Amid people’s concern for health, the price of garlic (大蒜) has been ____ this year as it was last year.
A. five times much as B. five times as much C. as five times D. five times much
19. In Scotland the last day of the year is the most important holiday for the winter, ____ Christmas.
A. as important as B. less important than C. much important than D. more important than
20. The global economy cannot have been ____ time in the past year, but now most companies are becoming optimistic.
A. the best B. a better C. the worse D. a worse
21. American eat ____ vegetables per person today as they did in 1920.
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A. more than twice B. as twice as many
C. twice as many as D. more than twice as many
22. We were too tired to walk ____ farther towards the evening so we had to find a hotel to stay.
A. any B. much C. even D. still
23. The price of the flat now is ____ that last year.
A. as twice high as B. twice more expensive than
C. as high as twice D. twice the amount of
24. It is an established fact that factory workers work better, harder, and have ____ accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or gray.
A. fewer B. few C. more D. less
25. Compared with the nervousness of driving in the rain or snow, it is ____ to sit in a train without any worry of bad weather.
A. more tired B. less tiring C. less tired D. even more tiring
26. – Do you take enough money with you? – Yes, I spent ____ I had expected.
A. not so many as B. as many as C. much more than D. much less than
27. The salesman showed her several rings and she chose ____ expensive one as she didn’t want to spend too much money on it.
A. the less B. the more C. the least D. the most
28. Staying in a hotel in Shanghai one day costs ____ renting a house in my hometown for a week.
A. the three times price of B. three times the price of
C. as much as three times D. as much three times as
29. People pay ____ as to the content of your speech.
A. so much attention to your voice B. as much attention to your voice
C. much attention to your voice D. attention to your voice much
30. The Winter Olympic champion Zhou Yang was ____ that her remarks after winning the gold medal caused criticism from some people.
A. a so direct person B. so direct a person C. a direct so person D. a so person direct
31. Americans eat vegetables per person today ____ as they did in 1910.
A. more than twice B. as twice as many C. twice as many D. as more than twice
32. The higher the oil price is, ____ to the global economy.
A. the more damage will it cause B. the more it will cause damage
C. the more damage it will cause D. the more will it cause damage
33. Everybody said it was an ideal marriage; no one had ever known ____ couple.
A. the happier B. a happier C. a happiest D. the happiest
34. The heart is ____ intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.
A. not less B. not more C. no less D. no more
35. The lady was so keen on the fur coat that she would have bought it even it cost ____.
A. as twice much B. much as twice C. as much twice D. twice as much
36. Although the small room is ____ the large one, it is more beautifully decorated.
A. one-third the size of B. the one-third size of C. the size of one-third D. one-third of the size
37. In ancient times, people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers only travelled ____ the local market.
A. longer than B. more than C. as much as D. as far as
38. An Olympic gold medal carries as much weight as, or ____ than any other gold medal at other international competitions.
A. no more B. other C. not less D. even more
39. The further we entered the mountain, ____ we became.
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A. more frightened B. the much frightened
C. much more frightened D. the more frightened
40. Many people consider that French is ____ as Russian while I think the contrary.
A. as difficult a language B. as a difficult language
C. too difficult a language D. too a difficult language
41. The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn’t bothered by his loudness ____ by his lack of talent.
A. than B. more than C. as D. so much as
42. – Are you pleased with what he has done?
– It couldn’t be ____. He must have put a lot of effort into his work.
A. any worse B. any better C. so bad D. the best
43. Some people were _____ at performing a particular task than others, so they began to specialize in what they were good at doing.
A. poorer B. best C. better D. good
44. Acupuncture (针灸疗法) is ____ at reducing back pain ____ medicines, according to researchers.
A. twice as effective…as B. as twice effective…than
C. effective as twice…as D. twice effective as…than
45. Mr. Smith is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been ____.
A. popular B. more popular C. most popular D. the most popular
46. China won 100 medals in the Beijing Olympic Games, which are almost ____ those of the Sydney Olympic Games.
A. twice as many as B. as many as twice C. as much as twice D. twice as much as
47. After the huge fire, there are ____ about fire prevention to the agency this month as last month.
A. calls twice as many B. twice as many calls
C. as twice many calls D. calls as many as twice
48. I used to earn ____ than a pound a week when I first started work.
A. a little B. a few C. fewer D. less
49. It is reported that Americans eat too much protein every day, ____ as they actually need.
A. twice as much B. as twice much C. much as twice D. as much twice
50. ____ we may face, we’re supposed to work with joint efforts to fight against it.
A. However a severe disaster B. What a severe disaster
C. However severe a disaster D. What severe a disaster
51. The house rent is expensive. I’ve got about half the space I had at home and I’m paying ____ here.
A. as three times much B. as much three times
C. three times as much D. much as three time
52. _____ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.
A. So curious the couple were B. Such curious the couple were
C. So curious were the couple D. Such curious were the couple
53. The authenticity of dialogue and setting often makes low-budget films seem _____ than the somewhat artificial version of reality in Hollywood movies.
A. less real B. more real C. much real D. real
54. – Did you enjoy the drama last night?
– Yes. I’ve never seen _____ one before.
A. the more inspiring B. a more inspiring C. the most inspiring D. a most inspiring
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55. – I’m sorry I insulted you, Jimmy. – That’s _____ like it.
A. more B. most C. less D. least
56. – How did you find your visit to the Chinese Pavilion at the Expo?
– I enjoyed it very much. It was _____ interesting than expected.
A. far more B. just as C. so much D. not so
57. I haven’t _____ idea how that terrible accident could have happened to such a little boy.
A. little B. the least C. less D. the little
58. Exercise 3 is _____ difficult in this book, so all the students finish it successfully.
A. least B. the least C. more D. the most
59. Chocolate of various shapes and flavors are generally considered to be _____ gift.
A. most welcomed B. the most welcomed C. a most welcomed D. a most welcome
60. I won’t pay 20 for the jacket; it’s not worth _____.
A. all that much B. that much all C. that all much D. much all that
61. – Do you regret having paid so much for the trip to Maldives?
– No. Since it’s worthwhile, I’d gladly pay _____ for it.
A. twice as much B. twice so much C. twice as many D. twice so many
62. – What do you think of the film we watched yesterday?
– Terrible! I’ve never seen _____ one.
A. the best B. a worse C. a better D. the worst
63. In a training program, the astronauts had to put up with pressure _____ the force of gravity and carry out both physical and mental tasks at the same time.
A. as three times B. three times as C. three times D. as three times as
64. The more exercise you take in your spare time, _____ it will do to you.
A. the better B. the best C. the more well D. the more good
65. Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been _____.
A. popular B. more popular C. most popular D. the most popular
66. When Mom looked back on the early days of their marriage, she wondered how they had managed with _____ money.
A. so few B. such few C. so little D. such little

v 真题链接
1. I have seldom seen my mother _____ pleased with my progress as she is now.
A. so B. very C. too D. rather
2. Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been _____.
A. popular B. more popular C. most popular D. the most popular
3. Computers and mobile phones, though they are indeed making out life _____ and more _____ have reduced the need for face-to-face communications.
A. easily…efficient B. easy…efficient C. easy…efficiently D. easily…efficiently
4. Jim went to answer the phone. _____, Harry started to prepare lunch.
A. However B. Nevertheless C. Besides D. Meanwhile
5. We only had $100 and that was _____ to buy a new computer.
A. nowhere near enough B. near enough nowhere
C. enough near nowhere D. near nowhere enough
6. The cost of renting a house in central Xi’an is higher than _____ in any other area of the city.
A. that B. this C. it D. one
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7. It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is _____ another to play it well yourself.
A. quite B. very C. rather D. much
8. Mr. Stevenson is great to work for — I really couldn’t ask for a _____ boss.
A. better B. good C. best D. still better
9. – The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting.
– Why? It’s _____ than the films I have ever seen.
A. far more interesting B. much less interesting
C. no more interesting D. any less interesting
10. The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be _____ the present one.
A. as three times big as B. three times as big as
C. as big as three times D. as big three times as
11. – How was your recent trip to Sichuan?
– I’ve never had _____ one before.
A. a pleasant B. a more pleasant C. a most pleasant D. the most pleasant

参考答案：
考前巩固
I. 1. farther / further 2. less anxious
3. couldn’t have been easier 4. the longest bridge I have ever met
5. more a way of life than an interest 6. further notice
7. latter half / part 8. Less than
9. more than satisfied 10. the more handsome
11. The more…the less certain 12. the renowned universities in the world
II. 1~15 BDCAD CCDAC CBCBA 16~26 CABAD BBADB C
III. 1. Knowledge is like a fishing net; the wider and stronger it is, the more fish it catches.
2. I think your suggestion is as valuable as theirs.
3. The president spoke highly of the young man’s spirit of not being afraid of difficulties.
4. This is the largest square I have ever met until now.
5. It is said that Chinese started to use notes / paper money earlier than westerners.
IV. 1. 他不是画家，也不是作家。 2. 汤姆不比鲍勃聪明。(他俩一样笨)
3. 他十有八九会失败。 4. 那地方景色之美非我所能形容。
5. 我对这表演十二分的满意。 6. 这间屋与那间屋一样明亮。
7. 在这里我和他有一样多的朋友。
V. 1. … as high as … 2. … any other girl …
3. I’m astonished at … 4. I am almost … nearly finished
5. The smartly dressed 6. … was highly respected
7. … the matter further 8. … certain to succeed
9. … a much funnier … 10. … than Bob’s
11. … teaches in a much more friendly way … 12. … as good a worker as …
13. … is the nicer … 14. … let you have as many copies as …
15. This room is three times larger than that one. / This room is three times as large as that one.
模拟演练
1~10 DBCCC CDCBB 11~20 ACCBA BCBDD 21~30 DADAB DCBBB
31~40 CCBDD ADDDA 41~50 DBCAB ABDAC 51~60 CCBBA ABBDA
61~66 ABCDB C
真题链接
1~11 ABBDA AAAAB B