03.名词(属格)、代词与某些限定词-2022年上海名校高中自主招生英语直通车

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第03讲：名词(属格)、代词与某些限定词
一致



考点归纳、考前巩固、真题链接

v 考点归纳 (部分代词、名词的内容出现在“主谓一致”章节)
1. 名词的复数形式: passer(s)-by grown-up(s), etc.
特别注意某些单复数同形的名词，如means, works, series
2. 某些名词多以 -s 形式存在，某些名词 -s 形式与无 -s 形式有所区别，如: instruction / instructions, custom / customs, damage / damages, supply / supplies, experience / experiences, word / words, surrounding / surroundings, hair / hairs, etc. physics, means, the Barber’s, etc.
3. 集体名词多数不可数，但诸如team, committee, family等词单数时将集体视为整体，而复数时则指构成集体的一个个成员；物质名词多不可数，作为可数名词时意义不同，如 water(s) 可数时指大面积的水域；抽象名词多数不可数，但某些抽象名词如 victory, conference 等可数；另一些抽象名词可以复数形式出现，但不能计数，如difficulty / difficulties, opinion, opinions；某些抽象名词有复数与非复数两种形式，但表示不同含义，如experience表“经验”时没有复数，表“经历”时，两种形式均可
4. 名词属格注意: ①复合名词或作为整体的名词词组的属格在最后一个词尾加 -’s，如somebody else’s opinion；②并列名词表示各自的关系，在各个名词后加 -’s，如Mary’s and Bob’s books，若为Mary and Bob’s books则指两人共有的书；③独立属格常用于表示某人的家、住宅、教堂、公司等，如the Johnsons’, St. Paul’s (Cathedral), the grocer’s等；④双重属格结构中，介词补足成分必须是确定的人，如a friend of the doctor’s，一般不说 *a friend of a doctor’s以及 *a cover of the book’s，此类结构修饰名词的多为非确定特指的限定词如a, any, some而非定冠词，如一般不说 *the son of Jack’s；⑤of- 词组与双重属格一般可交替使用，但有时意义会有较大差别，试比较a picture of Mr. Jackson’s (一张杰克逊先生画的或拥有的画作) / a picture of Mr. Jackson (一张画杰克逊先生的画作)
5. 名词化倾向(nominal style):
I haven’t seen him since . (Here his wedding day is better than he got married.)
6. 限定词一般可与单数名词、复数名词、不可数名词搭配，共分为以下七类情况: ①三者均可: the, some, any, no, other, whose及物主限定词；②只能与单数名词: a(n), one, another, each, every, either, neither, many a, such a等；③只能与复数名词: both, (a) few, another two, several, these, those, a number of等；④只能与不可数名词: a bit of, a large amount of, a great deal of, (a) little, much等；⑤能与单、复数名词: the first, the last, the next等词，如the last three students；⑥能与单数、不可数名词: this, that等；⑦能与复数、不可数名词: a lot of, lots of, plenty of, more, enough, more, most, such, other等；特别注意限定词、代词的先后顺序问题(you, he and I)
7. 区分某些词:
other(s) / the other(s):
带-s的词(指others / the others)为代词，不带-s的可修饰名词；the other指的是一定范围内除去一部分后的全体，other指的是除去一部分的另一部分，但不是全体
all / both / none / neither:
all指三者或以上的全都；both指两者的全都；none指三者或以上的全都不；neither指两者的全都不；选择题中注意句子意思(but等转折词)、主谓一致及数量(两者、三者或以上)
other / another: 前者位于数字后(two other books)，后者位于数字前(another three weeks)
nothing / no one (nobody) / none:
nothing与no one (nobody)指无范围的否定；none指有范围否定
(a) few / (a) little: 带a表肯定，注意quite a few, a good few, not a few表示相当多
8. 分清物主代词与人称代词；反身代词是高考的一个要点，注意与之有关的词组及搭配，如dress, seat, buy, find, enjoy, behave, stretch, express, help oneself等；注意语篇中的人称一致问题
v 考前巩固
I. Complete the sentences by using a proper word from the list.
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(A)
all
any
no
nobody
none
some
1. Wendy couldn’t find _____ butter, but she had _____ margarine (人造奶油).
2. – I found that even my teachers could not answer this question.
– Of course _____ knows everything.
3. _____ cigarette is completely harmless.
4. Anna likes to keep everything to herself. She talks to _____ about her problems.
5. _____ of the boys could forget what had happened last night.
6. I don’t do just _____ work: I choose jobs that interest me and that pay well.
(B)
other
the other
both
neither
either
7. Children sat at one end of the long table and their parents sat at _____.
8. Huge crowds of people stood on _____ side of the river watching the boat race.
9. When we visited the kindergarten, the kids were _____ singing or dancing or busy at _____ activity.
10. Marie and Judy are _____ dedicated primary school teachers. _____ can ever be persuaded to leave the job.
II. Choose the best answer.
1. Mary Ellen doesn’t have _____ gas in her car.
A. some B. no C. lots D. any
2. _____ yet knows how long and how seriously the shakiness in the financial system will drag down the economy.
A. Nobody B. Anybody C. Somebody D. Everybody
3. Some fleas have one or two eyes, but others have _____.
A. none B. no C. any D. no one
4. He has learned English and Japanese. Now he is going to learn _____ language.
A. others B. other C. some D. another
5. Almost _____ fruits and vegetables contain riboflavin (维生素B2); the richest sources are leafy green vegetables such as spinach, kale or turnip greens.
A. every B. some C. all D. none
6. _____ of the twins was arrested, because I saw both at a party last night.
A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All
7. Tom and Dick have arrived, but _____ students in the class aren’t here yet.
A. other B. the others C. others D. the other
8. Ten years had elapsed, and I found she had _____.
A. a little grey hair B. a few grey hair C. some grey hair D. a few grey hairs
9. “Do you want to see my ID card or my driver’s license?” “_____ will do.”
A. Every B. Each C. Either D. Both
10. If a child needs more time in the kindergarten than some other children, he should be given _____.
A. it B. / C. them D. him
11. – You’re always working. Come on, let’s go shopping.
– _____ you ever want to do is going shopping.
A. Anything B. Something C. All D. That
12. The Parkers bought a new house but _____ will need a lot of work before they can move in.
A. they B. it C. one D. which
13. Both teams were in hard training, _____ was willing to lose the game.
A. either B. neither C. another D. the other
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14. If this dictionary is not yours, _____ can it be?
A. what else B. who else C. which else’s D. who else’s
15. Some of the wheat is from Canada. What about _____?
A. another B. the other C. others D. the rest
16. – Why don’t we take a little break? – Didn’t we just have _____?
A. it B. that C. one D. this
17. Few pleasures can equal ____ of a cool drink on a hot day.
A. some B. any C. that D. those
18. Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I can’t remember _____.
A. where B. there C. which D. that
19. I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with _____.
A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing
20. I hope there are enough glasses for each guests to have _____.
A. it B. those C. them D. one
21. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?
A. They each have two tickets. B. They cost twenty yuan each.
C. Each they have bought the same book. D. They were given two magazines each,
22. When one has good health, _____ should feel fortunate.
A. you B. they C. he D. we
23. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?
A. All his lectures are very interesting. B. Half their savings were gone.
C. Many his friends came to the party. D. Both his sisters are nurses.
24. I know he failed his last test, but really he’s _____ stupid.
A. something but B. anything but C. nothing but D. not but
25. He is _____ as a leader but he hasn’t _____ in teaching.
A. success…many experiences B. a success…much experience
C. great success…an experience D. a great success…a lot of experiences
26. Don’t leave matches on the table within _____ of little children.
A. hand B. reach C. space D. distance
27. The teacher gave John one of the best _____ he had ever known.
A. piece of advice B. pieces of advices C. piece of advices D. pieces of advice
28. The book is given by _____.
A. a friend of my sister B. a friend of my sister’s
C. my sister friend D. my sister friend’s
29. _____ came that our football team beat the opponents.
A. The word B. A word C. Words D. Word
30. It is not _____ to talk loudly in public places.
A. a good manner B. good manner C. good manners D. the good manner
31. I have been to _____ to have my hair cut.
A. barber’s B. the barber C. barber D. the barber’s
32. Shanghai is larger than _____ city in Jiangsu.
A. any B. any other C. other D. one
33. If you want to change for a single room you’ll have to pay _____ £15.
A. another B. other C. more D. each
34. Why is there _____ traffic on the streets in February than in May?
A. less B. fewer C. few D. little
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35. The model worker had _____ thought of his own interests.
A. the last B. less C. the least D. another
36. The additional work will take _____ weeks.
A. the other B. another five C. other five D. the more
37. I saw _____ boys in the cinema.
A. the both B. many a C. both the D. the several
38. Are you going to buy _____ rice?
A. all these B. these all C. all this D. both these
39. _____ dictionary is enough for me.
A. Such one B. One such C. Such a one D. One such a
40. They are not likely to agree to _____ propositions.
A. other any B. other all C. all other D. other these
III. Correct errors, if any, in the following sentences.
1. Mrs. Blake has had few opportunity to travel.
2. Both sentences are not correct English.
3. He has much more problems than he used to.
4. There are warehouses on either side of the river.
5. The librarian has catalogued each book in the fiction section.
6. More corn is produced in the United States than in any country in the world.
7. She has a great many of friends in New York.
8. Some boy has broken a window.
9. Presumably there are less diseases in the frigid (寒冷的) zones than there are in the torrid zones.
10. He came to see me once three months.
11. Linguistics is a scientific study of the language.
12. Would you like any more soup?
13. I had a little difficulty in solving the problem.
14. Anything on the table can be thrown away, can’t they?
15. They caught his cheating on the exam.
16. The furniture is their’s, but the house is our’s.
17. I’ve bought several paintings of him. (我从他那里买了几张画。)
18. If one doesn’t want to get lost in the mountain, you must have a guide.
19. I went to the doctor for an advice about my health.
20. There were some looker-ons by the roadside.
21. It wasn’t his car but someone elses’.
22. The friend of my father’s called last night.
23. Those new shoes of you look very smart.
24. Several hundred guests appear at the meeting.
25. They each had their problems.



v 模拟演练
1. – Wow! You’ve got so many clothes.
– But ____ of them are in fashion now.
A. another B. other C. more D. each
2. It is said that two man-made structures are clearly visible from space. One is the Great Wall of China, and ____ is Japan’s Kansai International Airport.
A. another B. other C. the other D. either
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3. If our parents do everything for us children, we won’t learn to depend on ____.
A. themselves B. them C. us D. ourselves
4. They produced two reports, ____ of which contained any useful suggestions.
A. either B. all C. none D. neither
5. She always buys a postcard of the place she visits, addresses ____ to herself and posts it at the nearby post office.
A. her B. it C. herself D. them
6. Although house prices are unpredictable, most people believe that they will not rise by more than ____ five percent.
A. any other B. the other C. another D. at
7. Make sure you’ve got the passports and tickets and ____ before you leave.
A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing
8. It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which ____ of the parents spoke the language.
A. none B. neither C. both D. each
9. I didn’t choose any of the three offerings, because I found _____ of them satisfactory.
A. neither B. either C. all D. none
10. In societies where social roles are determined, boys usually copy the behavior of their fathers, and girls ____ of their mothers.
A. that B. those C. one D. the ones
11. The boy’s parents often quarrel about their son, and ____ of them is willing to give in.
A. any B. others C. neither D. none
12. Talking with Barack Obama face to face at the Museum of Science and Technology in Shanghai was an unforgettable moment, ____ the students will always treasure.
A. one B. it C. that D. this
13. We had a party last month and it was a lot of fun, so let’s have ____ one this month.
A. the other B. some C. another D. other
14. Learning that my mother was playing the word game against ____. I bought a computer for her to play against.
A. her B. me C. itself D. herself
15. – Would you like steak or chicken? – ____. I’m full now.
A. Both B. None C. Either D. Neither
16. The patient has tried quite a few kinds of medicine, but ____ had any effect on his disease.
A. none B. nothing C. neither D. no one
17. No important progress was made in the U.N climate conference in Copenhagen as ____ of the rich countries agreed to offer large amounts of money to fight carbon crisis.
A. nothing B. none C. neither D. both
18. You can take ____ half of the turkey. They are of the same weight and price.
A. both B. either C. neither D. any
19. The auto-man checked the car engine thoroughly but could find ____ wrong with it.
A. none B. nothing C. no D. no one
20. – Was the exam you took last week easy?
– ____ but easy but I did my best.
A. Something B. Everything C. Nothing D. Anything
21. It’s wrong for ____ parent to tell kids to ignore what the other parent tells them to do.
A. each B. either C. every D. both
22. – Did you watch the football match last night?
– Yes, that’s a most close one, and eventually neither could defeat ____.
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A. both B. the other C. another D. each
23. – Which of these electronic watches do you like?
– ____ of them. They are expensive and of little use.
A. None B. All C. Both D. Either
24. I bought three DVD copies of the film Avatar and now ____ is left. Somebody just borrows something and never returns.
A. none B. nothing C. either D. neither
25. We are ensured that there are enough textbooks for each student to have ____ when the new semester comes.
A. it B. those C. one D. them
26. I made a call to all of my friends yesterday. To my disappointment, ____ of them answered it.
A. either B. neither C. none D. nobody
27. Take 5 percent of your paycheck to pay off debt and put ____ 5 percent into savings.
A. other B. more C. another D. the other
28. The woman managed to send her three children to universities but ____ came to see her when she was old and seriously ill.
A. none B. all C. neither D. both
29. We had a party last month and it was a lot of fun, so let’s have ____ one this month.
A. other B. more C. the other D. another
30. Now on hand are two tough tasks for the newly-elected Chile (智利) president: one to help the country to recover from the earthquake, and ____ to invite more foreign aid.
A. other B. the other C. another D. either
31. There is only one dress of this kind left here. I wonder if you still want to buy ____.
A. it B. one C. some D. any
32. I made a call to my parents yesterday. To my disappointment, ____ of them answered it.
A. either B. none C. neither D. nobody
33. – Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?
– I’m afraid ____ day is possible.
A. either B. neither C. some D. any
34. As Hubble is above the Earth’s atmosphere, which disturbs starlight, Hubble’s images are much sharper than ____ of other Earth-based telescope.
A. one B. ones C. that D. those
35. Of the most popular campus singers in their school this year, ____ came from Senior 3.
A. none B. no one C. nothing D. both
36. The friends tried to settle the quarrel between Mr. and Mrs. Smith without hurting the feelings of ____, but failed.
A. none B. either C. all D. neither
37. ____ in the office had made a mistake, and the firm regretted causing the customer inconvenience.
A. Some B. Anyone C. One D. Someone
38. This mathematic problem is very difficult, but we have managed to work it out ____.
A. somewhere B. anywhere C. somehow D. somewhat
39. – Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?
– ____. I’m not particular about drinks.
A. Both B. None C. Either D. Neither
40. – I have a sore throat today!
– You’d better take advantage of the tea break to go to ____.
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A. chemist’s B. the chemist C. the chemist’s D. the chemists’
41. Boston, Paul and Ray were all superstars on fierce different teams. Yet, ____ of them had any title to show for that.
A. all B. none C. both D. neither
42. Busy as he was with all the documents in the office from day to night in the big city crowded with people, he usually, looking out of the big window, felt ____ lonely.
A. nothing but B. anything but C. all but D. everything but
43. – Do you often talk with your friends on the telephone or mobile phone?
– ____. I like using QQ.
A. None B. Either C. Any D. Neither
44. The films that create a high box office are not necessarily ____ with high investment.
A. these B. the ones C. that D. one
45. Tommy and his younger sister play together, but their brother likes being by ____.
A. oneself B. herself C. themselves D. himself
46. As the world changes faster than ever, our greatest concern is making sure that ____ of these changes do us harm.
A. any B. some C. neither D. none
47. Books cannot change the world, but people change the world by changing ____ through reading.
A. themselves B. them C. ourselves D. us
48. Given the huge price increase in the food market, ____ is expecting the government to take action.
A. nobody B. everybody C. either D. none
49. If more readers become comfortable with reading digitally, ____ but the book-collectors will want to buy paper books.
A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. none
50. Michael Jackson gained popularity at a time when MTV was establishing ____ as a creative force.
A. it B. him C. itself D. himself
51. Knowing the meaning of a word is one thing; yet using it both grammatically and communicatively properly is quite _____.
A. much B. many C. little D. another
52. The range discount cars issued by Golf Corps are still being honored, but _____ are being sold.
A. none B. nothing C. neither D. no
53. The previous lecture focused on the reading problems in new words, while this lecture will turn to _____ in complex sentence structures.
A. that B. one C. those D. ones
54. The little boy, who can play the piano perfectly, is thought to be _____ of a pianist.
A. somebody B. someone C. something D. some one
55. After John had been in captivity for three years, he and his wife had a lot to tell _____.
A. themselves B. each other C. himself D. herself
56. Many people complained about the stones scattering on a roadway, but _____ did anything about getting the stone out of the way.
A. neither B. both C. none D. all
57. The information he gave us was quite different from _____ we got ourselves.
A. one B. those C. that D. it
58. Please put these laptops on the shelf by _____. Don’t mix them with others.
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A. ourselves B. themselves C. itself D. oneself
59. _____ of these three buses will go to Century Park, but you can walk a little bit ahead to take Metro Line 2. It will take you right there.
A. Neither B. All C. None D. Each
60. – Which do you prefer for dinner tonight, beef or steak?
– _____, I’m on a diet and I’d like to have some salad if there’s any.
A. Either B. Both C. Neither D. None
61. To know more about the British Museum, one can use the Internet or go to the library, or _____.
A. neither B. some C. all D. both
62. The two stories share too much in common. There is no doubt one is copied from _____.
A. each other B. other C. another D. the other
63. The agreement was made quickly as both sides were satisfied with the conditions of _____.
A. another B. others C. the other D. either
64. With the rapid increase of crimes concerning credit card, people have begun to look at the use of credit card _____.
A. the other way B. another way C. by the other way D. by another way
65. The parents of the bride and groom arranged the marriage in order to end a fight between the two families without _____ family having to lose face in the end.
A. any B. neither C. every D. either
66. John is one of these men who I am sure always do _____ best even under the most difficult conditions.
A. his B. their C. your D. one’s
67. To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered _____.
A. the other B. other C. the others D. another

v 真题链接
1. I’ll spend half of my holiday practising English and _____ half learning drawing.
A. another B. the other C. other’s D. other
2. Neither side is prepared to talk to _____ unless we can smooth things over between them.
A. others B. the other C. another D. one other
3. The doctor thought _____ would be good for you to have a holiday.
A. this B. that C. one D. it
4. You are a team star! Working with _____ is really your cup of tea.
A. both B. either C. others D. the other
5. He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found _____ of them again.
A. neither B. either C. each D. all
6. When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson, could you please say _____ for me?
A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing
7. Swimming is my favorite sport. There is _____ like swimming as a means of keeping fit.
A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
8. On my desk is a photo that my father took of _____ when I was a baby.
A. him B. his C. me D. mine
9. _____ in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum.
A. Anything B. Nothing C. Everything D. Something
10. _____ that’s important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction.
A. One B. All C. Everything D. Anything
11. I got this bicycle for _____: My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one.
A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing
12. Surprisingly, Susan’s beautiful hair reached below her knees and made _____ almost an overcoat for her.
A. them B. her C. itself D. herself
13. The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase _____.
A. them B. those C. it D. that
14. I knew that _____ would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director.
A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing
15. – Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen, dear?
– _____ one?
A. Other B. Every C. Another D. More
16. There is _____ in his words. We should have a try.
A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
17. Since people are fond of humor, it is as welcome in conversation as _____ else.
A. anything B. something C. anywhere D. somewhere
18. – Would you like tea or coffee?
– _____, thank you. I’ve just had some water.
A. Either B. Both C. Any D. Neither

参考答案：
考前巩固
I. 1. any some 2. nobody
3. No 4. nobody
5. None 6. any
7. the other 8. either
9. either other 10. both Neither
II. 1~10 BAADC CDDCA 11~20 CBBDD CCCAD
21~30 CCCBB BDBDC 31~40 DBAAC BCCBC
III. 1. … little opportunity … 2. Neither sentence is …
3. … many more problems … 4. ü
5. … every book … 6. … any other country …
7. … a great many friends … 8. ü (some = certain + n. [C] singular)
9. … fewer diseases … 10. … every three months
11. … of language 12. … some more …
13. ü (a little一同修饰difficulty) 14. … can’t it?
15. … him cheating … 16. … theirs … ours
17. … of his (of him表示这些图画画的是他) 18. … he or she …
19. … for advice … 20. … lookers-on …
21. … someone else’s … 22. A friend …
23. … of yours … 24. ü
25. ü (each出现在动词前限定词用复数，动词之后则单数)
模拟演练
1~10 DCDDB CCBDA 11~20 CACDD ABBBD 21~30 BBAAC CCADB
31~40 ACBDA BDCCC 41~50 BADBD DABDC 51~60 DACCB CCBCC
61~67 DDCBD BD
各地高考链接
1~10 BBDCB CCCBB 11~18 DCCDC ACD