07.情态动词及虚拟语气-2022年上海名校高中自主招生英语直通车

这是一份07.情态动词及虚拟语气-2022年上海名校高中自主招生英语直通车，共14页。
第07讲：情态动词及虚拟语气



考点归纳、考前巩固、真题链接

v 考点归纳
1. 基本情态(助)动词: can / could, may / might, must, shall, should / ought to, will / would (表意愿)
2. 常见情态动词的区分:
⑴ can / be able to: ①前者表示固有能力，后者表示努力后获得的能力；②过去时态，前者表示具有能力做(但不一定做)，后者仅表示过去做且已成功；③时态上，前者只能变为could，后者有多种时态选择
1
⑵ must / have to: 前者指主观意见，后者指客观需要
⑶ would / used to: 都表示过去经常重复的动作，但前者只能用于表示过去习惯性动作，而不能表示过去的状态，而后者皆可；后者一般不能与表确定时间段的时间状语并存
⑷ dare / need: 两个词都兼作实义动词与情态动词[语法上称其为边际情态助动词(Marginal Modal Auxiliary)]；参照其他只能做情态动词的词的搭配，区分dare / need是何种动词(如can do sth. / can’t do sth.)；一般肯定句中，两者只能作及物动词；作实义动词时两者均后接带to的不定式；特殊地，dare作实义动词时可省略to；dare的否定形式为daren’t
⑸ mustn’t / needn’t: 两者均为must的否定形式，前者表示不许，后者表示不必
⑹ needn’t have done / didn’t need to: 前者表示没必要做但已做完，后者表示没必要做且未做
3. 特殊情态动词的用法:
⑴ modal verbs + v. -ing: 对于正在进行(或将来)的事表示揣测，解释为“应当正在”、“想必正在”等，如
e.g. The child can’t be telling the truth. It must be snowing. He might still be sleeping.
⑵ shall: 用于征求允诺；用于法律法规的允诺、要求、命令(表示说话人的强烈意志、决心)
⑶ should: 表示应该；抒发诸如惊奇、不满等情绪
4. 情态动词表“推测”:
⑴ 可能性由小到大依次为:
⑵ 表推测时，can不用于肯定句，may不用于疑问句，即“may不疑，can不肯”，但could没有这一限制
⑶ must用于肯定句；表示一定不，改用can’t而非mustn’t；must很少用于推测将来情况
⑷ can在疑问句中表示“可能，会”，couldn’t表示否定推测
5. modal auxiliary + have done:
can’t / couldn’t have done 过去不可能 must have done 过去必然发生
may / might have done 过去可能发生却未发生 ought to / should have done 过去应该做却未做
could have done 过去可以完成却未完成(委婉、遗憾) (needn’t见上)
6. 涉及情态动词的一些词组:
may well / might (may) as well = had better / would like (love / care) to do / should like (love) to do / would rather … than / could you please do sth.? / can’t help but do / can’t be too / be to have done = should have done
7. if引导的非真实条件状语从句: 注意①去掉if倒装；②主从句时态可不一致

if从句
主句
一般时
v.-ed / were
would / should / might / could + v.
过去时
had v.-ed
would have v.-ed
将来时
v.-ed / were to v. / should + v.
would + v.
8. wish / as if表示与真实相反
9. 表示“建议”、“命令”、“愿望”、“要求”的a. / v. / n. 用于名词性从句中，从句用(should) + v.
特别注意insist(坚持说、坚持认为)及suggest(表明、暗示)

v 考前巩固
I. Put in verbs with appropriate modal auxiliary according to the meaning.
1. This photo _______ (take) in the fifties of the century. You can judge this by the clothes the people are wearing.
2. I have to speak of the place because the story of my life _______ (not tell) without mentioning it.
3. We’re supposed to have a volleyball match this afternoon, but they say it _______ (rain).
4. He _______ (not tell) them apart because they are much alike.
5. He _______ (go) to Beijing for I saw him at People’s Square at ten.
6. It _______ (rain) outside. I can see many people with an umbrella or a raincoat.
7. You _______ (tell) me that you were bringing your friends to dinner!
2
8. Where is Wendy? She _______ (not go) out, as the door’s locked.
9. The group got lost in the mountains. They _______ (take) a map and a compass with them.
II. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1. 请问你能借给我5美元吗？明天就还。(until)
2. 他竟出了车祸，真是我吃惊。(surprise)
3. 你怎么竟敢在校长面前说那种话？(dare)
4. 如果我是你的话，我绝不会错过如此好的良机。(If)
5. 从她兜圈子说话的方式就可看出，她物理考试准没过。(can)
6. 我没有想到你竟然这么快就解决了这个困难的问题。(expect)
7. 你现在如此昏昏欲睡，今天一定起了个大早。(get up)
8. 有些女性本可拥有一份工资不错的活儿干而不用呆在家中，但她们为了家庭放弃了工作机会。(sake)
III. Choose the best answer.
1. With all this work at hand, he _____ to the cinema last night.
A. mustn’t go B. wouldn’t go C. oughtn’t to go D. shouldn’t have gone
2. He is an hour late. He _____ by fog. Of course, that’s only a possibility.
A. may have been delayed B. should have been delayed
C. can have been delayed D. must have been delayed
3. You _____ such a long essay. The teacher only asked for 300 words, and you have written 1, 000.
A. needn’t write B. needn’t have written C. didn’t need to write D. didn’t need write
4. I don’t believe him. He _____ be serious.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. may not D. can’t
5. It’s wonderful that you _____ have achieved so much in these years.
A. would B. might C. should D. could
6. Since it is already midnight, we _____.
A. should take our leave B. had better be leaving
C. might as well leave D. ought to be leaving
7. He _____ back to work without the doctor’s permission. Now, he has to stay in his bed for a couple of weeks.
A. needn’t have gone B. couldn’t have gone C. shouldn’t have gone D. mustn’t have gone
8. “This book gives a vivid picture of life in ancient Greece.” “How beautiful life _____ in ancient Greece!”
A. must be B. should be C. must have been D. should have been
9. It has been announced that candidates _____ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
A. can B. will C. may D. shall
10. A left-luggage office is a place where bags _____ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.
A. should B. can C. must D. will
11. How _____ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article.
A. can B. must C. need D. may
12. My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who _____ have taken it?
A. should B. must C. could D. would
13. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _____ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony.
A. can B. should C. may D. must
14. – Who is the girl standing over there? – Well, if you _____ know, her name is Mabel.
A. may B. can C. must D. shall
3
15. – Mum, I’ve been studying English since 8 o’clock. _____ I go out and play with Tom for a while?
– No, I’m afraid not. Besides, it’s raining outside now.
A. Can’t B. Wouldn’t C. May not D. Won’t
16. – Didn’t they come to the party last week?
– Yes. They didn’t want to come with us at first, but then we _____ persuade them.
A. would B. could C. were able to D. had to
17. You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers _____ not like the design of the furniture.
A. must B. shall C. may D. need
18. – Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?
– Sorry, I am not sure. But it _____ be.
A. might B. will C. must D. can
19. There _____ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.
A. mustn’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
20. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _____ at least 150 km an hour.
A. should have been doing B. must have been doing
C. could have been D. would have done
21. You _____ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.
A. can’t B. should C. must D. needn’t
22. Aren’t you tired? I _____ you had done enough for today.
A. should have thought B. must have thought C. might have thought D. could have thought
23. The hotel is only a stone’s throw away, so you _____ take a bus.
A. need not to B. not need to C. don’t need D. need not
24. – You needn’t do it right now, need you? – Yes, I am afraid I _____.
A. need B. needn’t C. must D. mustn’t
25. Be quick! They _____ for us at the school gate now.
A. must have waited B. must wait C. must be waiting D. ought to have waited
26. The little girl _____ touch the worm.
A. dares not B. dares not to C. dare to D. dare not
27. – Do you know where David is?
– Well. He _____ have gone far — his coat is still here.
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t
28. He _____ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by seaside.
A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t
29. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _____ for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
30. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _____ be so rude to a lady.
A. might B. need C. should D. would

v 模拟演练
1. It ____ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car.
A. may B. can C. must D. should
2. It is important to know about the cultural differences that ____ cause problems.
A. must B. dare C. need D. may
3. – Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn’t finish the assignment yesterday.
– Oh, you ____ have done it as yesterday was the deadline.
8
A. must B. mustn’t C. should D. shouldn’t
4. Some young people these days just ____ go out of their homes to contact the real world.
A. mustn’t B. won’t C. mightn’t D. shouldn’t
5. – Isn’t that famous actress over there?
– No, it ____ be her. I’m sure she isn’t that ordinary-looking.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. won’t D. may not
6. – I didn’t see her last night at the party. – You ____. But you came too late.
A. could have B. can’t have C. must have D. ought have
7. After a thorough investigation, the policeman declared that the blow on the victim’s head ____ from behind.
A. should have been made B. must have been made
C. would have been made D. ought to have been made
8. – Where is my reference book? It was here a moment ago.
– Someone ____ it by mistake.
A. could take B. must take C. might take D. must have taken
9. He was not here. Since he had already had his papers corrected, he ____ behind.
A. needn’t have stayed B. mustn’t have stayed C. didn’t need to stay D. shouldn’t stay
10. John promised his wife he ____ not smoke, and he has never smoked ever since.
A. might B. should C. must D. would
11. Very often, when he ____ have been doing what was assigned to him, he passed his time either by day dreaming or by drawing cartoon characters.
A. could B. must C. should D. would
12. No wonder you caught a cold. You ____ have gone out last night without a coat.
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. couldn’t D. mightn’t
13. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I ____ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.
A. should have taken B. could have taken C. couldn’t have taken D. needn’t have taken
14. You ____ be hungry already — you had a big cake only half an hour ago.
A. wouldn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
15. Scientists are trying to develop a soya-based food fuel for cars, which ____ one day replace petrol.
A. must B. should C. would D. may
16. According to the White House, the security department ____ investigate, as soon as possible, the incident about a civilian couple attending a government dinner party for the Indian Prime Minister without being invited.
A. can B. must C. need D. ought
17. The missing scientist ____ here, since the villagers are using the farming approach he created.
A. should have been B. couldn’t have been C. might not have been D. must have been
18. Sorry, I got up late this morning. I ____ have set the alarm clock before I went to bed last night.
A. might B. should C. must D. would
19. – Why didn’t you come to Mary’s birthday party yesterday?
– Well, I ____, but I forgot it.
A. should have B. must C. should D. must have
20. – Mary, now you have a chance to study in Singapore for a year as an exchange student. Are you interested?
– ____ that be true? Of course I’ll go.
9
A. May B. Might C. Can D. Must
21. So far no life has been found outside the earth, but while some scientists are actively searching for living things in outer space, other firmly believe there ____.
A. mustn’t be B. may not be C. can’t be D. won’t be
22. Education knows no limits. It ____ take place anywhere, whether in a kitchen or in the job.
A. should B. can C. need D. must
23. It is dangerous to play with knife. You ____ hurt yourself.
A. can B. may C. must D. should
24. – She looks very happy. She ____ have passed the exam.
– I guess so. It’s not difficult after all.
A. should B. could C. must D. might
25. He ____ the letter typed, but he decided to handwrite it and send it in person in order to show his sincerity.
A. must have had B. should have had C. would have D. could have had
26. Look at the naughty boy! You ____ have taught him how to behave himself.
A. must B. may C. can D. should
27. You ____ tell him. He is fully aware of the danger.
A. mustn’t B. don’t need C. needn’t D. can’t
28. Seriously injured in a match, David Beckham ____ lose the chance to show up at the 2010 South Africa World Cup.
A. can B. must C. should D. might
29. – What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?
– Well, it ____ be really huge — size isn’t so important.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. won’t
30. – John, how did your English exam go?
– I thought I ____ but actually I came in the top 10 in the class.
A. should have failed B. could not have failed C. might have failed D. must fail
31. We ____ weigh the pros and cons before deciding whether to invest our money or let it stay in the bank.
A. can B. would C. must D. dare
32. Peter ____ join us in the picnic, but it all depends on his weekend assignment.
A. must B. shall C. may D. will
33. The teacher ____ have thought John was worth it or she wouldn’t have wasted time on him.
A. should B. can C. would D. must
34. After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report: the damage and death toll (死亡人数) ____ much worse.
A. must have been B. should have been C. could have been D. needn’t have been
35. It is unfair that such a nice person like Jane ____ lose her job. She works so hard!
A. can B. may C. should D. shall
36. Iraq Pavilion was opened to the public one month later, which ____ the last one to be shown in the World Expo in Shanghai.
A. may be B. would be C. must have been D. should have been
37. “____ the friendship between our two peoples last forever!” and with this sincere hope, the president concluded his speech.
A. Would B. Could C. May D. Must
38. Bad management and ineffective government safety supervision were to blame for 11.15 fire, for it ____ completely avoided.
A. could be B. should be C. must have been D. could have been
10
39. – That’s Mr. Smith, the bank manager, who’s wearing a pair of shorts.
– He ____ on holiday.
A. must be B. should have been C. might have been D. can’t be
40. “You ____ for what you have done!” the boss threatened one of the office workers.
A. could be punished B. shall be punished
C. will have been punished D. shall have been punished
41. Schools ____ increase input in moral education and try to build the atmosphere of being grateful.
A. must B. may C. need D. can
42. – Look! The girl passing by must be a newcomer!
– No, she ____ be a newcomer. I’m sure it is at least one year since she came to live here.
A. shouldn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. oughtn’t
43. The British public ____ worry about the fees for the wedding of Prince William for most of the expenses will be paid by the royal family.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t
44. As you worked late yesterday, you ____ have come this morning.
A. wouldn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
45. Oh. My goodness! You are still working on the assignment. It ____ two days ago.
A. must have been handed in B. can’t have been handed in
C. should have been handed in D. shouldn’t be handed in
46. Smith quitted his job, which I suppose ____ something to do with the fall of the sales in the past few months.
A. may have had B. couldn’t have had C. needn’t have had D. should have had
47. Even though “faraway” countries now seem closer, thanks to air travel, they ____ still be different from your home country.
A. must B. may C. should D. shall
48. Lisa ____ well not want to go on the trip — she hates traveling.
A. will B. can C. must D. may
49. – I’m sorry. I ____ at you the other day.
– Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.
A. shouldn’t shout B. shouldn’t have shouted
C. mustn’t shout D. mustn’t have shouted
50. ____ it have been wrong directions from the control room that caused the air crash?
A. Must B. Could C. Would D. Should
51. – We did not see him at the lecture yesterday.
– You _____ him, since I went to an international conference with him. A. mustn’t have seen B. can’t have seen
C. couldn’t see D. needn’t have seen
52. – How’s your new job, Tom? I _____ remember when it was that you started it.
– I started it half a year ago. A. shouldn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
53. I _____ worry about my weekend — I always have my plans ready before it comes.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. daren’t D. needn’t

v 真题链接
1. Just be patient. You _____ expect the world to change so soon.
A. can’t B. needn’t C. may not D. will not
2. I’m afraid Mr. Harding _____ see you now. He’s busy. 11
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
3. Jack described his father, who _____ a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man.
A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been
4. – Good morning, I’ve got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.
– Ah, good morning. You _____ be Mrs. Peters. A. might B. must C. would D. can
5. You _____ park here! It’s an emergency exit. A. wouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t
6. Teachers recommend parents _____ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.
A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustn’t allow D. couldn’t allow
7. You _____ buy a gift, but you can if you want to.
A. must B. mustn’t C. have to D. don’t have to
8. If he _____ my advice, he wouldn’t have lost his job. A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow
9. – I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month.
– Don’t worry. You _____ have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D. may
10. I have told you the truth. _____ I keep repeating it? A. Must B. Can C. May D. Will
11. Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _____ be regular exercise. A. can B. will C. must D. may
12. I _____ have watched that movie — it’ll give me horrible dreams. A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t
13. – May I take this book out of the reading room?
– No, you _____. You read it in here.
A. mightn’t B. won’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t
14. – _____ I take the book out?
– I’m afraid not. A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need
15. Mark _____ have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early. A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. couldn’t
16. – John went to the hospital alone.
– If he _____ me about it, I would have gone with him. A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told
17. “You _____ have a wrong number,” she said. “There’s no one of that name here.” A. need B. can C. must D. would
18. They _____ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
A. will B. can C. must D. should
19. If you _____ smoke, please go outside.
A. can B. should C. must D. may
20. – I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him?
– Don’t worry. He _____ come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were. A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not
21. – Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.
– I wish they _____ always late. A. weren’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. wouldn’t have been
12
22. – Why didn’t you come to Simon’s party last night?
– I wanted to, but my mom simply _____ not let me out so late at night. A. could B. might C. would D. should
23. – Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?
– I am afraid you _____, in case he comes late for the meeting. A. will B. must C. may D. can
24. – No one _____ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.
– Oh, you are really his big fan. A. can B. need C. must D. might
25. – I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.
– How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _____ it. A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen
26. It _____ be the postman at the door. It’s only six o’clock.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. won’t D. needn’t
27. – Will you read me a story, Mummy?
– OK. You _____ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. A. might B. must C. could D. shall
28. The police still haven’t found the lost child, but they’re doing all they _____.
A. can B. may C. must D. should
29. – How’s your new babysitter?
– We _____ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much. A. should B. might C. mustn’t D. couldn’t
30. If you _____ go, at least wait until the storm is over.
A. can B. may C. must D. will

答案：
考前巩固
I. 1. must have been taken 2. cannot be told
3. might / may rain 4. can’t tell
5. can / could not have gone 6. must be raining
7. should have told 8. can / could not have gone
9. should have taken
II. 1. Could you lend me 5 US dollars until tomorrow?
2. I’m surprised that he should have an accident.
3. How dare you say that in the presence of the principal?
4. If I were you, I would not miss such a good chance.
5. Judging from her indirect way of speaking, she couldn’t have passed the physics test.
6. I didn’t expect that you should have solved the hard problem so soon.
7. You are so sleepy right now. You must have got up early this morning.
8. Some women could have made a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decide to give up working for the sake of the family.
III. 1~10 DABDC CCCDB 11~20 ACACA CCACB
21~30 AADCC DCBCC

模拟演练
1~10 CDCBA ABDCD 11~20 CADBD BDBAC 21~30 CBBCD DCDBC
31~40 CCDCC CCDAB 41~50 ABCDC ABDBB 51~53 BBD

真题链接
1~10 AADBD ADCBA 11~20 CADBA DCDCD 21~30 ACBAB BDADC