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专题10+语法填空之无提示词+-【查漏补缺】2022年高考英语三轮冲刺过关
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专题10 语法填空之无提示词(解析版)
语法填空则更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用,强调词汇的变形。同时强调语篇分析能力,凸显交际性和语境化特征。
无提示词的空处一般考查的是介、冠、连、代(代词也有可能给提示词)。
一、无提示词解题思维导图
“无提示词类”解题攻略导图
解题步骤导图
(一)高频考点之一:填介词
解题攻略
第一步:确定是否填介词:
首先,分析句子结构,发现名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时, 其前面一般是填介词。
第二步:根据句意及固定搭配判断填介词:
分析句子结构, 发现空格放在名词前后时, 应考虑名词与介词的搭配;
分析句子结构, 发现空格放在不及物动词后名词前时, 应考虑动词与介词的搭配;
分析句子结构, 发现空格放在形容词后名词前时, 应考虑形容词与介词的搭配。
【例】 [2021·浙江卷1月]The study found that between 1985 and 2017,average rural BMI increased ________ 2.1 in women and men.
分析:第一步:确定填介词。分析句子成分可知,此处考查动词与介词的搭配。
第二步:判断代词的形式。
句意:研究发现,1985年至2017年,农村地区女性和男性的平均体重指数增加了2.1。此处表示升高的幅度,故用介词by。
快捷思维
1.句意明,辨成分
① 锁定“________+名词/ 动名词”模式, 且名词或动名词不作主语、表语, 也不作动词的宾语, 此时要考虑填介词。
② 锁定“谓语动词+________”模式, 大多数情况下需要填介词。
③锁定“形容词+________+名词”模式,考虑形容词与介词的搭配。
2.介词多义看语境
(1)表示时间的in, on, at
①in表示在某段较长的时间内(如世纪、年代、月份等)或泛指上午、下午、晚上等。
②on表示在具体的日子或具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上等。
③at表示某个时间点、时刻等。
(2)表示方位的through和across
①through表示“从……的内部穿过”。
②across表示“从……表面穿过”。
(3)表示交通方式的by和on/in
①by后可直接跟涉及交通工具的单数名词,名词前不加冠词。
②on/in后跟交通工具时,名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。
(4)表示“用……”的by, in, with
①by指“靠……手段,用……方法,凭借……”,后可接名词、代词或动名词。
②in多用于表示语言、材料的名词前。
③with多用于表示工具或身体器官的名词前。
(5)of 表示所属关系,“……的”
“of+n.”相当于该名词对应的形容词
3.依据句式和搭配填介词
(1)与动词搭配, 如:
remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事;
rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物;
go back to/ date from 追溯至;
exchange ... for ... 交换……;
come about 发生;
run out of 用完;
account for 占……比例; 说明……的原因
(2)与名词或代词搭配,如:
by accident 偶然;
in trouble 陷入困境,陷入麻烦;
in spite of 尽管,虽然;
in turn 依次,转而;
in return 作为报答;
at risk 处于危险中;
on board 乘(飞机、船);
on average 平均
(3)与形容词搭配,如:
be curious about 对……感到好奇;
be proud of 因……而自豪;
be rich in 在……方面丰富
(二)高频考点之二:填冠词
第一步:确定是否填冠词:
首先,分析句子结构,看空格后是否有名词;
第二步:判断特指还是泛指:
①看空格后有单数可数名词,搭配后表示泛指时,应考虑不定冠词a/an;
②若发现空格后有名词,搭配后表示特指时,应考虑定冠词the;
③看看是否是固定搭配
【例】 [2021·全国卷乙]Due to ________ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel,various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
分析:第一步:确定填冠词。分析句子成分可知,空处有名词popularity。
第二步:判断特指还是泛指。
考查冠词。名词popularity后有定语,故其前应用定冠词the表特指,the growing popularity of...“……的日益流行”。
1.不定冠词a/an
分析句子结构, 发现空格后有单数可数名词,搭配后表示泛指时,应考虑不定冠词a/an。
用不定冠词a/an的常考点:
①泛指一类人与物,表示“一”概念;
②在序数词前,表示“又一,再一”。
2.定冠词the
分析句子结构, 发现空格后有名词,搭配后表示特指时,应考虑定冠词the。
用定冠词the的常考点:
①特指某人或某事;
②用在序数词或最高级前或有only, very, same 等修饰的名词前;
③用在世界上独一无二的东西及某些专有名词前;
④用在乐器名词前;
⑤用在“逢十”的年代前,表示“在某世纪几十年代”。
3.固定搭配中的冠词
固定搭配或抽象名词具体化的名词前用冠词
(1)定冠词用在固定搭配中,如:
at the same time, on the contrary,
to tell the truth, in the distance, make the most/best of, on the spot等。
(2)不定冠词用在固定搭配中,如:
catch a cold, have a fever,
all of a sudden, as a matter of fact,
as a result, have a gift for,
make a living, give sb. a lift,
have a good knowledge of等。
(3)动词(catch/take/hit等)+sb.+介词+the+身体部位。
(三)高频考点之三:填从属关联词和并列连词
解题攻略
第一步:如何确定并列连词:
如果两个单词、短语、句子相并列的成分相互之间存在并列、转折、选择、因果关系填并列连词。
第二步:如何确定引导词:
如果空处引导从句,则首先要看它所引导的是哪一种从句,然后根据引导词的种类和功能来确定填哪一个引导词。
【例】 [2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ]Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain,still it highlights the whole adventure ________ offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs.
分析:第一步:如何确定并列连词
分析句子结构可知, highlights 与offers 是两个并列谓语。
第二步:如何确定连词
本空连接两个谓语动词(highlights和offers),表示顺接关系,因此这里填并列连词。
(四)高频考点:填代词
第一步:确定是否填代词:
首先,分析句子结构,发现句子缺少形式主语或形式宾语时, 应考虑用it;
第二步:判断是否指代上文中提到的人或物:
分析句子结构, 发现指代上文中所提到的人或物时, 应考虑用相应的代词。
【例】 [2021·广东省模拟二]It was worth it, though. I still have that golden headdress, as ________ reminds me of those unforgettable days.
分析:第一步:确定填代词。分析句子成分可知,空处指代上文中所提到的物。
第二步:判断代词的形式。
句意:但这是值得的。我仍然留着那个金色的头饰,因为它让我想起了那些难忘的日子。分析句子,根据句意可知,此处连词as后应用代词it作主语,指前面的事物that golden headdress。
快捷思维
1.句意清,指代明
无提示词类填空, 当句中缺少主语或宾语时, 一般要填代词, 主要包括不定代词和it。
①如果空格前文出现了单数名词,并且空处作主语,可根据代指的情况用he,she或者it。
②如果空格前文出现了单数名词,并且空处作宾语,可根据代指的情况用him,her或者it。
③如果空格前文出现了复数名词,并且空处作主语,填they。
④如果空格前文出现了复数名词,并且空处作宾语,填them。
2.it的用法
①指代天气、时间、距离等
②代替上文提到过的事物
③分析句子结构, 发现句子缺少形式主语或形式宾语时, 应考虑it。
④it的常用固定句型
·It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他成分
·It+be+形容词+of/for sb.to do sth.
·It is no good/no use/useless/a waste of time doing sth.
·hate/like/enjoy it that ...讨厌/喜欢……
·when it comes to ...当谈到……
·as sb. puts it正如某人所言
·make it成功
二、高考真题综合演练
2021年6月新高考1卷
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatle's song "The Long and Winding Road". 1 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 2 (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 3 (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 4 (hot) the spring! Strange, isn't it? But that's how nature is—always leaving us 5 (astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard it 6 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 7 offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 8 (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never disappear", and it will always stick in the visitor's memory. It sure does in 9 (I). While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is 10 must to visit!
【答案】What ; humans ; undoubtedly ; hotter ; astonished ; was ; and ; aching ; mine ; a
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,去游览黄山时,作者想起甲壳虫乐队的流行歌曲《蜿蜒长路》,这条漫长而曲折的道路永远留在游客的记忆中。
【解析】1: 考查名词性从句。分析题目,空格处无提示词。分子句子结构可知,_____is so breathing about the experience 作 is 的主语,为主语从句。从句中缺少主语,指代事情;且空格位于句首。故填What。
2: 考查名词。分析句子结构可知,空处所填词应该作 we 的同位语,故应该填名词的复数形式。故填humans。
3: 考查副词。分析句子结构可知,空格所填词应该修饰动词help,故应用副词形式。Undoubted 变副词,直接在词尾加ly。故填undoubtedly。
4: 考查形容词比较级。分析句子结构可知,此处考查 the more… the more… 的固定用法;所以空格处应填形容词的比较级。故填hotter。
5: 考查非谓语动词。此句中含有 "leave sb./sth. + adj." 结构, 表示 "使……处于某种状态" 。因为宾语us与动词astonish为被动关系,此处应该过去分词形容词astonished作宾语补足语,说明人的感受,意为 "感到吃惊的"。故填astonished。
6: 考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,此处应该填谓语动词。根据空后的提示词then可知,表示当时的情况,故此处谓语动词应用一般过去时;从句主语为it,是第三人称单数形式。故填was。
7: 考查并列连词。分析句子结构可知,两个谓语动词highlights和offers之间缺少连接词进行连接;同时,两个动作间为并列关系,所以应填并列连词。故填and。
8: 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,因为名词legs与动词ache为主动关系,所以此处应该填现在分词作定语修饰 legs。故填aching。
9: 考查代词。根据提示词可知,句意为:这首歌必定会留在我的记忆中。句中it指代the song, does指代动词sticks,空格处应指 my memory, 为了避免重复,用名词性物主代词来代替 "形容词性物主代词 + 名词"。故填mine。
10: 考查冠词。分析句子结构可知,must 为名词,表示 "必须的事" ,所以前应用冠词,且无特指。故填a。
2021年6月新高考2卷
I've always loved the ocean. In the____36____ (seven) grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ____37____ (think)it is food.
I decided to do something ____38____ (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company____39____ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws (吸管). I found the contact information of the company____40____ emailed its president. I told him how ____41____ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. I was so____42____ (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ____43____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company ____44____ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over _____45_____ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
【答案】36. seventh 37. thinking 38. to educate 39. which##that
40. and 41. harmful 42. excited 43. was 44. representative 45. the
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章作者讲述了自己为了保护海洋,减少塑料垃圾所做出的努力。
【36题详解】
考查序数词。句意:七年级的时候,我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级” 用序数词,所以填seventh。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾,以为那是食物时,我很难过。分析句子结构,____2____ (think)it is food.用作状语,think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系,用现在分词,所以填thinking。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构,____3____ (educate) people about this problem.用作目的状语,用不定式,所以填to educate。
【39题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:我决定,如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料,我就给它发邮件,敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构, ____4____ used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句,修饰先行词a company,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,用which或that引导该从句,所以填which或that。
【40题详解】
考查连词。句意:我找到了这家公司的联系方式,并给公司总裁发了电子邮件。“found”和“emailed”之间是并列关系,用and连接两个并列的谓语动词,所以填and。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意:我告诉他塑料对环境的危害,并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为how引导的感叹句,how之后接形容词,所以填harmful。
【42题详解】
考查形容词。句意:当他给我回信时,我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语,用形容词,修饰人,用v+ed形式的形容词,所以填excited。
【43题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时;one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中,谓语动词用单数,所以填was。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意:一位公司代表回信告诉我,该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语,用名词,前面有不定冠词修饰,用名词单数,所以填representative。
【45题详解】
考查冠词。句意:一位公司代表回信告诉我,该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。 特指“1200个航班的塑料杯”,用定冠词,所以填the。
2020.7海南卷
These days, it is not unusual for 10- to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders 1 (begin) computer classes. At the same time, computer games are becoming increasingly popular as major publishing houses continue to develop 2 (education) computer programs for children in preschool. Also, technological know-how has become a 3 (require) for most jobs in an increasingly digital world, as the computer has become a common tool in most 4 (profession).
The Digital World is a set of volumes 5 aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. Each volume in the set explores 6 wide range of material, explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, 7 discusses the influences they have on everyday life. Because the number of possible topics 8 (be) practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. Readers 9 (encourage) to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of 10 (we) Further Resources section featured in each volume.
【答案】to begin ; educational ; requirement ; professions ; that 或 which ; a ; and ; is ; are encouraged ; our
【解析】1 :本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《数字世界》丛书的出版的背景和目的等方面信息。考查非谓语动词。句意:如今, 10到12岁的孩子发布自己的网站,二年级和三年级学生开始上计算机课,这些都很常见,本题考查'lt is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.结构,该结构it作形式主语,真正的主语为不定式,故答案为:to begin。
2 :考查形容词。句意:与此同时,电脑游戏越来越受欢迎,主要出版社继续为学前儿童开发教育电脑程序。修饰名词computer programs,前用形容词形式,故答案为:educational。
3 :考查名词,句意:此外,在日益数字化的世界中,技术知识已成为大多数工作的必备条件,因为计算机已成为大多数职业的通用工具,动词become后接名词作宾语,根据前面的不定冠词a可知,用名词的单数形式,故答案为:requirement。
4 :考查名词的数。句意:此外,在日益数字化的世界中,技术知识已成为大多数工作的必备条件,因为计算机已成为大多数职业的通用工具。名词profession为可数名词,根据前面的most修饰可知用复数形式,故答案为:professions。
5 :考查定语从句。句意:《数字世界》是一套旨在描述数字系统如何影响社会并帮助读者理解数字系统的本质及其众多交互部分的丛书。句中先行词为volumes,在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词which或that引导,故答案为:that/which。
6 :考查冠词。句意:系列中的每卷探索了广泛的材料,解释数字系统的主要应用的基本概念,并讨论了他们对日常生活的影响,a range of一套,一系列,wide是以辅音音来发音开头,所以用不定冠词a。故答案为:a。
7 :考查连词。句意:系列中的每卷探索了广泛的材料,解释数字系统的主要应用的基本概念,并讨论了他们对日常生活的影响,前后句为并列关系,所以用连词and,故答案为:and。
8 :考查主谓一致。句意:因为可能的主题的数量几乎是无限的,所以我们关注最有趣和最有用的应用程序和工具的一个示例,并解释技术的基本原理。 the number of….数量,后接可数名词的复数形式,谓语动词用单数。根据文章中的时态可知,用一般现在时,故答案为:is。
9 :考查语态,句意:我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界,并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。主语Readers与encourage之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态,根据文章中的时态可知,用一般现在时,故答案为:are encouraged。
10 :考查代词。句意:我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界,并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。修饰名词Further Resourcessection,前用形容词性物主代词。故答案为:our。
2020浙江卷7月
Some time after 10, 000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 1 , through agriculture. Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on 2 could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
Farming produced more food per person 3 hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children. And, as more children were born, more food 4 (need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 5 (change)lives.
By about 6000 BC, people 6 (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later, they learned to work with the 7 (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, 8 (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.
This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then, with 9 rise of science, changes began. New methods 10 (mean)that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so, these changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥) have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.
【答案】:in ; what ; than ; was needed ; to change ; had discovered ; seasons ; making ; the ; meant
解析:1.文章大意:文章讲述了人类农业文明的发展史。考查介词。句意:公元前一万年后的一段时间内,人们第一次真正地试图通过农业控制他们所居住的世界。分析句子结构可知they live in作the world的定语,live in the world居住在地球上,故填in。
2.考查名词性从句。句意:几千年来,他们开始越来越少地依赖于从野外狩猎或采集什么,而更多地依赖于他们饲养的动物和他们播种的庄稼。分析句子结构可知本句为宾语从句该从句缺主语,根据句意可知表示……的东西,用what,故填what。
3.考查介词。句意:农业比狩猎和采集的人均粮食产量更高。前面有more,此处进行比较,故填than。
4.考查被动语态和一般过去时。句意:出生的人口数越多,需要的食物也就越多。此处作谓语,食物和需要之间是被动关系,结合前面were,此处用被动语态的过去式,故填was needed。
5.考查非谓语动词。句意:农业让人们第一次体验到科技改变生活的力量。该句子谓语是gave,故change作非谓语,表示目的补充,用不定式,故填to change。
6.考查过去完成时。句意:到公元前6000年,人们发现了最适合种植的农作物和饲养的动物。By+过去的时间,截止到过去,所以用过去完成时。故填had discovered。
7.考查名词复数。句意:后来,他们学会了与季节相适应,适时播种,在干旱地区利用每年的洪水灌溉农田。结合句意,一年有四季,结合季节来播种,所以用复数。故填seasons。
8.考查非谓语动词。句意:后来,他们学会了与季节相适应,适时播种,在干旱地区利用每年的洪水灌溉农田。此处make没有连词并列,也不是从句谓语,故作非谓语。与and前的planting并列,故填making。
9.考查定冠词。句意:随着科技的崛起,改变就此发生。后面有of限定,故此处是指定的上升,用定冠词the,故填the。
10.考查一般过去时。句意:新手段意味着在农场工作的人减少了。此处作谓语,结合前一句话的began和本句话的worked,可知是一般过去时,陈述过去发生的事实或过去的看法评价,故填meant。
2020浙江卷1月
Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median (中位数的)age of an American in 1950 1 (be)30—today it is 41 and is expected 2 (increase)to 42 by 2050. For Japan, the 3 (number)are more striking-22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050. In 2015, one in 12 people around the world were over 65; by 2050, it will be one in six.
This aging of the population is driven 4 two factors. The first is declining birth races, which means old generations are larger 5 (compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population become 6 (old)than before. This is 7 (particular)true in the US. The second reason is that people are living longer. A child born in the US today has 8 very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.
People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention should 9 (place)on longevity(长寿). It isn't just that people are, on average, living longer. It's also that they are on average healthier 10 more productive for longer. Therefore, they can work for longer, consume more and in general be a boost to the economy.
【答案】:was ; to increase ; numbers ; by ; compared ; older ; particularly ; a ; be placed ; and
解析:1.考查谓语动词的变化。根据本句时间标志in 1950,可知这里为一般过去时。故答案:为was。
2.考查非谓语动词和固定搭配。本句谓语为is expected,所以increase要用非谓语的形式。又根据固定搭配be expected to do,故答案:为to increase。
3.考查名词复数。本句谓语为are,根据主谓一致原则,主语需要用复数形式。故答案:为numbers。
4.考查介词。根据本句谓语为is driven被动语态,译为 "被驱使" ,可知后面的介词为by。故答案:为by。
5.考查非谓语动词。根据本句…old generations are large句子已经完整了,所以compare "相比" 要用非谓语的形式,compare和逻辑主语old generations之间为被动的关系,所以要用过去分词done的形式。故答案:为compared。
6.考查形容词比较级。根据本句than可知该空为形容词比较级。故答案:为older。
7.考查副词词性转换。根据本句This is true in the USA, 句子已经完整了,应填入副词,所以形容词particular需要转化为副词particularly。故答案:为particularly。
8.考查冠词。第一次出现的单数名词前需要加不定冠词,又very为辅音音素开头。故答案:为a。
9.考查谓语动词的变化。根据本句主语attention,与本句谓语place之间为被动的关系,所以需要用被动语态be done的形式。又前面有个情态动词should,其后应加动词原形。故答案:为be placed。
10.考查连词。根据本空前后都为形容词的比较级,故这里应该填并列连词。又因为healthier和more productive不存在转折含义,为递进关系。故答案:为and。
2020全国1卷
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang'e-4 probe(探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess— 1 (touch)down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon's far side is 2 (extreme)challenging. Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 3 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 4 (interesting)to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山), more so 5 the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e-4 6 (find)and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. "This really excites scientists, " Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, "because it 7 (mean)we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 8 (construct)." Data about the moon's composition, such as how 9 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 10 (it)plans for a future lunar(月球的) base are practical.
【答案】:touched ; extremely ; where ; interest ; than ; to find ; means ; is constructed ; much ; its
解析:1.本文主要讲到的是中国的科学研究人员对于月球远侧的探索和研究。考查动词的时态。句意:无人驾驶的嫦娥四号探测器——这个名字的灵感来自中国古代的一位月亮女神——上周降落在南极艾特肯盆地。分析句子结构可知the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess为插入语,句子中缺少谓语动词。touch down着陆,降落,根据时间状语last week可知需要用一般过去时态,所以可知【答案】:为touched。
2.考查副词。句意:在月球的远侧着陆是极具挑战性的。修饰形容词challenging,需要用副词形式,extreme为形容词,非常的,尤其的。副词形式为extremely。所以可知【答案】:为extremely。
3.考查定语从句。句意:由于月球的身体阻碍了与探测器的直接无线电通信,中国首先必须将一颗卫星送入月球上方的轨道,在那里它可以向航天器和地球发送信号。分析句子结构可知本句为定语从句,先行词为spot,在从句中做地点状语,需要用关系副词,所以可知【答案】:为where。
4.考查名词。句意:科学家们对月球的远侧特别感兴趣,因为它有很多很深的陨石坑,比我们熟悉的近侧更多。be of+名词=be+形容词,interesting形容词,有趣的,名词形式为interest,所以可知【答案】:为interest。
5.考查介词。句意:科学家们对月球的远侧特别感兴趣,因为它有很多很深的陨石坑,比我们熟悉的近侧更多。根据句意可知本句为比较级,对月球的近侧和远侧做比较,需要用介词than表示比较,所以可知【答案】:为than。
6.考查非谓语动词。句意:中国研究人员希望利用嫦娥四号上的仪器来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地的区域。根据句意可知空格处表示目的,需要用不定式形式,所以可知【答案】:为to find。
7.考查动词的时态。句意:因为这意味着我们有机会获得有关月球是如何构成的信息。根据从句中的动词have,可知是一般现在时态,主语为it,谓语动词需要用第三人称单数形式,所以可知【答案】:为means。
8.考查动词的时态和语态。句意:因为这意味着我们有机会获得有关月球是如何构成的信息。construct和主语the moon之间为被动关系,需要用被动语态,根据句意可知需要用一般现在时态的被动语态,所以可知【答案】:为is constructed。
9.考查名词性从句的引导词。句意:有关月球成分的数据,如它含有多少冰和其他宝藏,可以帮助中国决定其未来月球基地的计划是否可行。根据句意可知表示多少,ice为不可数名词,需要用how much来修饰,所以可知【答案】:为much。
10.考查形容词性物主代词。句意:有关月球成分的数据,如它含有多少冰和其他宝藏,可以帮助中国决定其未来月球基地的计划是否可行。修饰名词plans需要用形容词性物主代词,it为代词,形容词性物主代词形式为its,所以可知【答案】:为its。
2020全国2卷
Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year is a 1 (celebrate)marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 2 (carry)special significance. They represent the earth 3 (come)back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:
Oranges: Orange trees are more 4 decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifts and you see them many times 5 (decorate)with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
Bamboo: Chinese love their "Lucky Bamboo" plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices. 6 (certain)during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated 7 health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy 8 (care)for and make great presents.
Branches of Plum Blossoms(梅花): The 9 (beauty)long branches covered with pink-colored buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are 10 first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
【答案】:celebration ; carries ; coming ; than ; decorated ; Certainly ; with ; to care ; beautiful ; the
解析:1.考查名词。句意:中国新年是一个庆祝活动,标志着冬季的结束和春天的开始。根据空格前的不定代词a可知空格处需要用名词形式,celebrate动词,庆祝,名词形式为celebration。所以【答案】:为celebration。
2.考查动词的时态。句意:这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。分析句子结构可知从句中缺少谓语动词,根据主从句时态一致可知从句中需要用一般现在时态,主语为decorating with plants, fruits and flowers,动名词做主语,谓语动词需要用第三人称单数形式,所以【答案】:为carries。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意:它们代表着地球重新焕发生机,并对新的开始表示最美好的祝愿。分析句子结构可知句中已经有谓语动词represent,空格处需用非谓语动词,come和the earth之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,所以需要用现在分词表主动,所以【答案】:为coming。
4.考查介词。句意:橘子树不仅仅是装饰品。more than固定搭配,表示不仅仅,所以【答案】:为than。
5.考查非谓语动词。句意:它们是很棒的礼物,你经常会看到用红包和好运的信息装饰着的它们。分析句子结构可知空格处为非谓语动词,decorate和them(橘子树)之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词形式,所以【答案】:为decorated。
6.考查副词。句意:当然在假期期间,这种植物是非常必要的。分析句子结构可知空格处做状语,需用副词形式,certain形容词,当然的,副词形式为certainly。所以【答案】:为 Certainly。
7.考查介词。句意:竹子植物与健康、富足和幸福的家园联系在一起。be associated with…固定搭配,表示与……有关联。所以【答案】:为with。
8.考查非谓语动词。句意:它们很容易照顾,也很容易做成很棒的礼物。分析句子结构可知空格前为主系表结构,当表语为easy, hard, difficult, light, heavy, cheap, dangerous等形容词时,其后用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义,所以【答案】:为to care。
9.考查形容词做定语。句意:美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾,是很棒的装饰品。分析句子结构可知空格处做表语修饰名词branches,需要用形容词形式,beauty名词,美丽,形容词形式为beautiful。所以【答案】:为beautiful。
10.考查冠词。句意:即使雪正在融化,梅树也是最先开花的。序数词first前需要用定冠词the,所以【答案】:为the。
2020全国3卷
In ancient China lived an artist 1 paintings were almost lifelike. The artist's reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 2 (fine)work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would 3 (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River—perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
Filled with 4 (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 5 he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist, they smiled and 6 (point)down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out 7 (find)the well-known painter. As the small boat moved, 8 (gentle)along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 9 (surround)the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artist 10 earth, Mother Nature.
【答案】:whose ; finest ; be chosen ; curiosity ; When 或 As ; pointed ; to find ; gently ; surrounding ; on
解析:1.这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了一位画家画画栩栩如生,有一天他将画送给宰相时,这位睿智的老人告诉他去漓江旅行——也许他可以从世界上最伟大的艺术家那里学到一些东西。画家最后发现这位世界上最伟大的艺术家就是大自然母亲。
考查定语从句。句意:中国古代有一位画家,他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist,且先行词在从句中作定语,故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
2.考查最高级。句意:一天,皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像,于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来,展示他们最好的作品,以便他挑选最好的。结合句意,皇帝想要画家最好的作品,表示"最好的"此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。
3.考查动词语态。句意:画家确信他会被选中,但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时,这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系,且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。
4.考查名词,句意:怀着好奇心,艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词,后跟名词curiosity作宾语,表示"好奇心"。故填curiosity。
5.考查连接词。句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时,他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句,表示"当……时候",且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词,不能用while引导,故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。
6.考查动词时态。句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时,他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
7.考查非谓语动词。句意:第二天早上,他租了一条船,出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示"出发去做某事"短语为set out to do sth.,后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
8.考查副词。句意:当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时,山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语,表示"缓缓地"。故填gently。
9.考查非谓语动词。句意:当他看到雾气从河上升起,山顶上乌云环绕,他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知,the soft clouds (surround)the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语,surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系,故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
10.考查介词。句意:这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示"在世界上"短语为on earth。故填on。
2020山东卷(新高考)
Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, 1 (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big 2 until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 3 (form) the core collection of the British Museum 4 opened in 1759.
The parts of a museum open to the public 5 (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum's collection 6 (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 7 (they) living at a different time in history or 8 (walk) through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city's Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical 9 (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete 10 people's spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
【答案】:1.wealthy 2.or 3.formed 4.which 或 that 5.are called 6.is 7.themselves
8.walking 9.accuracy 10.for
解析:1.考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪,富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词people,应使用形容词作定语。故填wealthy。
2.考查连词。句意:他们把自己的藏品留在家里,直到收藏变得太大或者自己去世,然后这些藏品被捐给一家博物馆。根据语境可知,前后陈述的是两种可能性,应使用连词or,意为“或者”。故填or。
3.考查动词时态。句意:例如,汉斯·斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词,根据时间状语in 1759可知,应使用一般过去时。故填formed。
4.考查定语从句。句意:例如,汉斯·斯隆爵士8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限定性定语从句,先行词是the British Museum,关系词在从句中作主语,应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
5.考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在时;主语与call是逻辑上的动宾关系,应使用被动语态,且主语是复数概念。故填are called。
6.考查主谓一致。句意:通常,博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在时,主语a small part of a museum's collection是单数概念,谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式,且后面的Most of it is stored away or used for research.中的is也是提示。故填is。
7.考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors,意为“他们自己”,应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
8.考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分,共同作imagine的宾语补足语,imagine sb. doing sth.意为“想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
9.考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要,但娱乐也很重要。此处作主语,位于形容词Historical之后,应使用名词,意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。
10.考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete for,意为“为了……竞争”。故填for。
三、模拟综合演练
(2022·宁夏·银川一中一模)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Nearly one billion animals died in the Australian bush fires. That number would have been even___1___(large) if it had not been for wombats (袋熊). When the fires started, their underground homes___2___(become) places of shelter for many other lives.
Wombats are small, furry mammals native to Australia. There are three wombat___3___(species). Northern and southern wombats have furry noses,___4___common wombats have bare skin on noses. You shouldn’t let the appearance of wombats fool you, though. Despite their size, they are___5___(unbelievable) fast. They can run at the speed of an Olympic runner, but only for a minute and a half or so.___6___is interesting is their cube-shaped poop (粪便). They often pile up their poop___7___a way to mark their areas. Scientists believe the square shape___8___(form) to stop the poop from rolling away.
Now there are only about 500 northern wombats___9___(survive) in the wild. The species is considered to be critically endangered. Luckily, conservationists are attempting____10____(help). In the 1980s, just 35 northern wombats were left alive—so things are improving!
1.larger
2.became
3.species
4.while
5.unbelievably
6.What
7.as
8.is formed
9.surviving
10.to help
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种产于澳大利亚的动物——袋熊。
1.
考查比较级。句意:如果不是袋熊的话,这个数字会更大。“如果不是袋熊的话,这个数字会更大”(含比较意义)和“even+比较级”可知,应用形容词large的比较级。故填larger。
2.
考查时态。句意:火灾发生时,袋熊的地下家园成了许多其他生命的避难所。根据空前的“When the fires started”可知,此处描述的是过去发生的事情,谓语动词become应用一般过去时。故填became。
3.
考查名词。句意:袋熊有三种。名词species (物种)单复数同形。故填species。
4.
考查连词。句意:北方和南方的袋熊有毛茸茸的鼻子,而普通袋熊鼻子上只有裸露的皮肤。空处应用连词。空前内容和空后内容之间形成对比,用并列连词while。故填while。
5.
考查副词。句意:尽管它们体型庞大,但速度却令人难以置信地快。用副词unbelievably作状语,修饰形容词fast。故填unbelievably。
6.
考查主语从句连接词。句意:有趣的是它们的立方体粪便。 6 is interesting是主语从句,从句缺乏主语,意为“什么”,用连接代词what,首字母大写。故填What。
7.
考查介词。句意:它们经常把大便堆起来,作为标记自己区域的方式。此处表示“作为”,用介词as。故填as。
8.
考查时态和语态。句意:科学家们认为,这种方形形状的形成是为了防止粪便滚落。believe后接宾语从句,宾语从句缺乏谓语,根据空前的“Scientists believe”可知,此处描述的是一般情况,应用一般现在时,且从句主语the square和从句谓语动词form之间是被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态,从句主语the square是单数,从句谓语单数形式。故填is formed。
9.
考查现在分词。句意:现在只有大约500只北方袋熊在野外生存。本句已有系动词are且无连词,动词survive用非谓语形式,逻辑主语northern wombats与survive是逻辑上的主谓关系,survive用现在分词表主动,做后置定语,修饰名词短语northern wombats。故填surviving。
10.
考查动词不定式。句意:幸运的是,环保人士正试图提供帮助。固定搭配attempt to do sth. (试图/努力做某事),help用动词不定式形式。故填to help。
(2022·四川·石室中学模拟预测)
阅读下面材料,根据上下文在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Compared with the Beijing 2008 Summer Olympic Games, the opening ceremony of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games on the evening of Feb 4 was different, yet spectacular. The audiences were treated ___11___a pared down ceremony, without the large-scale artistic performances___12___marked the 2008 opening ceremony, but it was no less symbolic-symbolic of a shared future for humankind.
In a bid___13___(hold) a simple, safe and yet spectacular Winter Games, the opening ceremony on Friday was not lengthy or___14___(mark) with a large-scale performance. Even the number of___15___(performer)—about 15,000 in 2008—was down to 3,000, and the duration of the ceremony was reduced to about 100 minutes because of the cold weather and the COVID-19 pandemic. The final torch at the snowflake-themed ceremony was small, but the flames conveyed ___16___(significance) messages of greener Olympic Games.
The use of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine vision, 5G and cloud broadcasting added to the novelty of the opening ceremony. The performances,___17___(carry) forward the theme of global peace and shared future for humankind, focused on environmental protection, and human health and physical fitness, highlighting the importance of sports to instill new confidence in the international community to contain the pandemic.
Through Friday's opening ceremony, people can___18___(clear) see China's pursuit of building a peaceful world, its reflection of the new Olympic motto of “Faster, Higher, Stronger-Together”___19___the Beijing Winter Games' motto of “Together for a Shared Future”.
For China, holding____20____simple, safe and yet spectacular opening ceremony is not just a slogan; it's a philosophy, a way of life in the true sense of term.
11.to
12.that##which
13.to hold
14.marked
15.performers
16.significant
17.carrying
18.clearly
19.and
20.a
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇新闻报道。与2008年北京夏季奥运会相比,北京2022年冬季奥运会的开幕式与众不同,但却十分壮观。文章主要介绍了2022北京冬奥会开幕式的情况。
11.
考查介词。句意:观众们享受的是一个精简的仪式,没有像2008年开幕式那样的大型艺术表演,但它同样具有象征意义——人类共同未来的象征。此处为短语treat sb.to sth.,表示“招待,款待”。故填to。
12.
考查定语从句。句意:观众们享受的是一个精简的仪式,没有像2008年开幕式那样的大型艺术表演,但它同样具有象征意义——人类共同未来的象征。定语从句修饰先行词performances,在从句中作主语,指物,故用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。
13.
考查非谓语动词。句意:为了举办一届简单、安全、壮观的冬奥会,周五的开幕式既不冗长,也没有大型表演。分析句子结构可知hold在句中应用非谓语动词形式,此处用动词不定式表示目的。故填to hold。
14.
考查固定短语。句意:为了举办一届简单、安全、壮观的冬奥会,周五的开幕式既不冗长,也没有大型表演。此处为短语be marked with表示“被标有,被标记”。故填marked。
15.
考查名词的数。句意:由于寒冷的天气和新型冠状病毒的流行,即使是2008年约1.5万名表演者也减少到了3000人,仪式时长也缩短到了100分钟左右。performer为可数名词,根据前面的a number of及后面的3000名表演者可知,此处应该用复数。故填performers。
16.
考查形容词。句意:在以雪花为主题的圣火传递仪式上,最后的火炬虽然很小,但却传递了绿色奥运的重要信息。作定语修饰名词messages应用形容词significant。故填significant。
17.
考查非谓语动词。句意:这些表演弘扬了全球和平和人类共同命运的主题,重点关注环境保护、人类健康和身体健康,强调体育在向国际社会灌输遏制这一流行病的新信心方面的重要性。分析句子结构可知carry在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语the performances构成主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。故填carrying。
18.
考查副词。句意:通过周五的开幕式,人们可以清楚地看到中国对建设和平世界的追求,它反映了新的奥林匹克格言“更快、更高、更强”和北京冬奥会的格言“共享未来”。此处用副词作状语修饰动词see。故填clearly。
19.
考查连词。句意:通过周五的开幕式,人们可以清楚地看到中国对建设和平世界的追求,它反映了新的奥林匹克格言“更快、更高、更强”和北京冬奥会的格言“共享未来”。此处为三个并列结构一起充当see的宾语,应用连词and。故填and。
20.
考查冠词。句意:对中国来说,举办一场简单、安全、壮观的开幕式不仅仅是一句口号; 这是一种哲学,一种真正意义上的生活方式。ceremony表示“仪式,典礼”是可数名词,此处为泛指应用不定冠词,且simple是发音以辅音音素开头的单词,应用a。故填a。
(2022·江西·南昌二中一模)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
People say that the real culture of Beijing exists ____21____ the culture of hutong and siheyuan. The hutongs ____22____ (locate) in Beijing are formed by lanes of siheyuan, which is a type of residence in ____23____ houses are purposely built to form squares or rectangles.
In the mid 20th century, several hutongs in Beijing were torn down to pave the way for the ____24____ (develop) of the city. However, since then, thanks to efforts designed to safeguard this ____25____ (significance) aspect of the Chinese architectural culture, many hutongs ____26____ (preserve).
Because of the interlacement (交织) of the lanes, every house is connected to the other, making ____27____ easy for local people to keep in touch with their neighbors. ____28____, once one enters any of them, one can feel the deep and warm relationships among people, which is rarely found in this modern world.
Gossiping in these lanes ____29____ (be) a common scene as it is the main way for people _____30_____ (strong) their relationship. Where there is such a lane, there is a story.
21.in
22.located
23.which
24.development
25.significant
26.have been preserved
27.it
28.Therefore
29.is
30.to strengthen
【解析】
【导语】
本文为一篇说明文,主要介绍了北京的胡同和四合院。
21.
考查介词。句意:人们说,真正的北京文化在于胡同和四合院的文化。根据句意可知,此处意为“在于”exist in,故填in。
22.
考查过去分词。句意:北京的胡同是由四合院的巷子组成的。四合院是一种专门把房子建造成正方形或长方形的住宅。根据句子分析可知,此处做hutongs的后置定语,hutongs与locate之间为被动关系,故用过去分词,故填located。
23.
考查定语从句。句意:北京的胡同是由四合院的巷子组成的。四合院是一种专门把房子建造成正方形或长方形的住宅。根据句子分析可知,residence为先行词,后跟定语从句,先行词在从句中介词in的宾语,构成介词短语in which,在从句中作地点状语,相当于where,故填which。
24.
考查名词。句意:在20世纪中期,为了城市的发展,北京推倒了几个胡同。根据句意可知,此处表示“为了……的发展”,for the development of,故填development。
25.
考查形容词。句意:然而,自从那时起,多亏了保护中国建筑文化的努力,很多胡同被保存了下来。结合句意和空后的名词aspect可知,此处缺定语,应用形容词做定语修饰名词aspect,故填significant。
26.
考查语态。句意:然而,自从那时起多亏了保护中国建筑文化的努力,很多胡同被保存了下来。根据句子分析可知,此处many hutongs做主语,为复数,此空做谓语动词,两者之间为被动关系,且时间状语为“since then”,故应用现在完成时的被动语态,故填have been preserved。
27.
考查代词。句意:因为道路的交织,每个房子都连接着,让当地人很容易和邻居保持联系。根据句子分析可知,此空句中作形式宾语,真正的宾语为后文的to keep in touch with their neighbors,故应用it做形式宾语,故填it。
28.
考查副词。句意:因此,一旦某人进入到了四合院,他就能感觉到人们之间深厚的、温暖的感情。根据前文四合院的人很容易与邻居保持联系可知,空后人们间的感情很好与前文构成因果关系,故填Therefore。
29.
考查时态。句意:在这些胡通道里聊天是一个很常见的景象,因为这是人们加强关系的一个主要方式。Gossiping动名词做主语,谓语用单数,且此处陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时,故填is。
30.
考查动词不定式。句意:在这些胡通道里聊天是一个很常见的景象,因为这是人们加强关系的一个主要方式。根据句子分析可知,此处表示the way to do sth“做某事的方式”,动词不定式做定语,故填to strengthen。
(2022·河南·三模)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games will be the new start for winter sports worldwide with over 300 million Chinese ____31____(take) up them, said International Olympic Committee (IOC) President Thomas Bach on Thursday, ____32____ he opened the 139th IOC Session in the Chinese capital on the eve of the Opening Ceremony.
The IOC President added that Beijing will ____33____(official) become the first city ever to host both summer and winter editions of the Olympic Games on Friday. Bach also ____34____(believe) that the Chinese people will enjoy social benefits from hosting the Games.
According to Bach, Beijing is showing solutions for a more sustainable (可持续的) future. “From re-using venues (场馆) from the Olympic Games 2008; to powering all Beijing 2022 venues with renewable energy; to minimizing environmental ____35____(impact) and reducing carbon emissions, all these measures underline the commitment of Beijing 2022 to contribute to sustainable ____36____(develop) in China,” he said.
Beijing 2022 will also mean a lot for winter sports beyond China, and change the ____37____(globe) landscape of winter sports forever.
For the athletes, Bach underlined how they have the once-in-a-lifetime opportunity ____38____(reach) not only their traditional supporters, but also a completely new fan base during these Olympic Winter Games.
“These Games are not ____39____ end of the story. With their performance and their appearance, each of these athletes can win over a huge new fan community for the time after the Games. With this they can take their own popularity and the popularity of their winter sport ____40____ a new height,” said the German.
31.taking
32.as##when
33.officially
34.believed
35.impacts
36.development
37.global
38.to reach
39.the
40.to
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇新闻报道。本文主要报道了国际奥委会主席托马斯·巴赫对2022年北京冬奥会的评价。
31.
考查非谓语动词。句意:开幕式前夕,在中国首都主持第 139 届国际奥委会会议时,国际奥委会主席托马斯·巴赫周四表示,北京2022年冬季奥运会将开启全球冬季运动新纪元,超过3亿中国人从事冬季运动。分析句子结构可知,“with +名词/代词(宾语)+非谓语动词(宾补)”with复合结构,设空处需填入非谓语动词,动词短语take up与Chinese 之间是主谓关系,因而用现在分词形式表主动,作宾补。故填taking。
32.
考查时间状语从句。句意:开幕式前夕,在中国首都主持第 139 届国际奥委会会议时,国际奥委会主席托马斯·巴赫周四表示,北京2022年冬季奥运会将开启全球冬季运动新纪元,超过3亿中国人从事冬季运动。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导时间状语从句,表示“当……时”,因而as/when都符合要求。故填as/when。
33.
考查副词。句意:国际奥委会主席补充说,北京将于周五正式成为第一个既举办夏季奥运会又举办冬季奥运会的城市。分析句子结构可知,设空处修饰动词become,因而需用副词作状语。故填officially。
34.
考查时态。句意:巴赫还相信,中国人民将从举办奥运会中受益。分析句子结构可知,设空处缺少句子的谓语,根据前文时态可知,本句使用一般过去时。故填believed。
35.
考查名词。句意:从2008年奥运会场馆的再利用,到2022年北京所有场馆的可再生能源供电,再到最大限度地减少环境影响和碳排放,所有这些措施都突现了中国北京2022为可持续发展做出贡献的承诺。根据形容词environmental可知,设空处需填入名词,impact为可数名词,空前无表示单数的修饰词,因而填名词复数形式。故填impacts。
36.
考查名词的数。句意:从2008年奥运会场馆的再利用,到2022年北京所有场馆的可再生能源供电,再到最大限度地减少环境影响和碳排放,所有这些措施都突现了中国北京2022为可持续发展做出贡献的承诺。根据形容词sustainable可知,设空处需填入名词做介词to的宾语,develop的名词development为不可数名词。故填development。
37.
考查形容词。句意:2022年北京冬奥会对中国以外的冬奥会也意义重大,并将永远改变冬奥会的全球格局。根据后面的名词landscape可知,设空处需填入形容词作定语。故填global。
38.
考查非谓语动词。句意:对于运动员来说,巴赫强调了他们如何在这些冬奥会期间获得千载难逢的机会,不仅可以接触到他们的传统支持者,还可以接触到一个全新的粉丝群。短语have the opportunity to do表示“有机会做”,设空处缺少不定式。故填to reach。
39.
考查冠词。句意:这些比赛并不是故事的结局。end是可数名词,由句意可知此处表示特指,因而用定冠词the。故填the。
40.
考查介词。句意:凭借这个,他们可以将自己的受欢迎程度和冬季运动的受欢迎程度提升到新的高度。根据a new height和句意可知,设空处需填入介词表示“到”。故填to。
(2022·重庆南开中学模拟预测)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个恰当的单词或者括号内单词的正确形式。
When we’re young, we fearlessly dream about what our lives might be like. Since I was very young, I have dreamed of working for the United Nations in some of the most troubled ____41____ (country) in the world. And thanks to a lot of courage, that dream finally came true.
But here's the thing about courage: It doesn’t just appear whenever we need it. It’s the result of tough ____42____ (consider) and real work, involving the balance ____43____ fear and bravery. Without fear, we’ll do foolish things. And without courage, we’ll never step into ____44____ unknown. The balance of the two is where the magic lies, and it’s a balance we all deal with every day...
I ____45____ (diagnose) with a disease called HIBM three years ago, which affects all my muscles from head to toe. It was frightening news, because I had no idea how the disease might progress. But what was ____46____ (extreme) disheartening was listening to other people advise me ____47____ (limit) my ambitions and dreams. So, I ignored them and continued to pursue my dream of working all over the world.
Life is already____48____ (scare), so to make our dreams come true, we need to be brave. In facing my fears and ____49____ (find) the courage to push through them, I swear my life has been extraordinary. So live big and try to let your courage outweigh your fear. You never know ____50____ it might lead you in the life journey.
41.countries
42.consideration##considerations
43.between
44.the
45.was diagnosed
46.extremely
47.to limit
48.scary
49.finding
50.where
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇议论文,作者通过自身的事例说明生活要有勇气,直面生活中的恐惧并找到战胜恐惧的勇气,生活会十分精彩。
41.
考查名词复数。句意:我从很小的时候,就梦想在世界上某些最困难的国家里为联合国工作。country是可数名词,结合空前的some可知,此处应用复数形式。故填countries。
42.
考查名词。句意:它是坚韧不移的深思和脚踏实地的努力的结果,需要恐惧和勇敢之间的平衡。空处应填名词作宾语,consideration“仔细考虑,深思”用作可数或不可数名词均可,故填consideration(s)。
43.
考查介词。句意:它是坚韧不移的深思和脚踏实地的努力的结果,需要恐惧和勇敢之间的平衡。结合句意可知,此处考查固定短语between…and…,意为“在……和……之间”。故填between。
44.
考查定冠词。句意:没有勇气,我们永远无法踏入未知的世界。“the +形容词”表一类人或事物,the unknown表示“未知的世界”。故填the。
45.
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:三年前,我被诊断出患有一种叫做HIBM的疾病,它影响了我从头到脚的所有肌肉。根据时间状语three years ago可知,句子是讲述过去发生的事情,且主语I和动词diagnose之间是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态,be diagnosed with . . .被诊断患有某疾病,主语是I,be动词用was。故填was diagnosed。
46.
考查副词。句意:但最令人沮丧的是,我听到别人建议我要抑制自己的野心和梦想。修饰形容词化的分词 disheartening应用副词形式。故填extremely。
47.
考查动词不定式。句意:但最令人沮丧的是,我听到别人建议我要抑制自己的野心和梦想。advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事,固定短语,故填to limit。
48.
考查形容词。句意:生活已经很可怕了,所以为了实现我们的梦想,我们需要勇敢。空处应用形容词作表语,scary可怕的,恐怖的。故填scary。
49.
考查动名词。句意:通过直面我的恐惧并找到克服它们的勇气,我可以发誓,我的人生非常精彩。空处和facing并列,应用动名词形式作介词In的宾语,故填finding。
50.
考查宾语从句。句意:你永远不知道在人生的旅途中它会把你带向何处。空处引导宾语从句,从句结构完整,结合句意可知,此处表示“带向何处”,用连接副词where引导,故填where。
(2022·广东广州·一模)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Lucy Black recently became the youngest person to travel to every country in the world. By the age of 23, she has visited all the countries in an effort to challenge ______51______ (she) and push the limits of ______52______ she believed was possible for a female traveler.
Lucy ______53______ (primary) used planes, boats, and trains to get around. It was not all plain sailing and there were many difficulties Lucy met, including ______54______ (arrange) visas to enter some countries. But the challenges ______55______ (outweigh) by the memorable experiences on her way. “There’re so many incredible experiences that can come out of traveling alone because you arc more open to the connections with the ______56______ (local) than you would be in a big group,” she said.
Lucy had the pleasure of meeting ______57______ variety of people and experiencing different cultures. But the most ______58______ (value) experience of all was discovering a new sense of independence, she said.
For Lucy, nothing beats traveling, which she described ______59______ her favorite part of being alive. _______60_______ I would be lying if I said 1 wasn’t enjoying taking time over the past year to recover from all the wear and tear I have done to my body over the past three years,” she added.
51.herself
52.what
53.primarily
54.arranging
55.were outweighed
56.locals
57.a
58.valuable
59.as
60.But
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了露西·布莱克成为了世界上最年轻的环游世界各国的人。
51.
考查代词。句意:23岁时,她走遍了所有的国家,努力挑战自己,挑战她认为女性旅行者可能达到的极限。动词challenge后缺宾语,和主语指的是同一个人,意为“挑战她自己”,所以用反身代词 。故填herself。
52.
考查连词。句意:23岁时,她走遍了所有的国家,努力挑战自己,挑战她认为女性旅行者可能达到的极限。空处引导宾语从句, 从句中缺少主语,指物,所以用连接代词what引导。故填 what。
53.
考查副词。句意:露西主要使用飞机、船只和火车来四处走动。修饰 uesd 这一动词应用副词形式。故填 primarily。
54.
考查非谓语动词。句意:这并不是一帆风顺的,露西遇到了许多困难,包括安排进入一些国家的签证。介词including后接动名词形式。故填 arranging。
55.
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:但她旅途中难忘的经历压倒了挑战。本句陈述过去事情,用一般过去时。主语challenges与outweigh之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态,注意主谓一致。故填were outweighed。
56.
考查名词。句意:她说:“独自旅行会带来很多不可思议的经历,因为与其和一大群人在一起旅行,你更愿意与当地人建立联系。”local 一词有名词意义,表示“当地人”,也有形容词性,这里作名词讲,需要用复数,the locals 指当地的人们。故填 locals。
57.
考查冠词。句意:露西很高兴能遇到各种各样的人,体验不同的文化。a variety of为固定搭配, 表示各种各样的。故填 a。
58.
考查形容词。句意:但她说,最宝贵的经验是发现一种新的独立意识。修饰名词应用形容词。故填 valuable。
59.
考查介词。句意:对露西来说,没有什么比旅行更好的了,她说这是她生活中最喜欢的部分。describe as为固定搭配,意为“把……描述为”。故填 as。
60.
考查连词。句意:但如果我说我不喜欢在过去的一年里花时间从过去三年对我身体的磨损中恢复过来,那就是在撒谎。该句和前句存在转折关系,所以用转折连词。故填 But。
(2022·河南·许昌市普通教育教学研究室二模)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Bing Dwen Dwen, the chubby panda ____61____ (wrap) in a layer of ice, has become all the rage shortly prior to the Olympics opening, as the lovable mascot (吉祥物) appeals ____62____ Chinese spectators and foreign athletes. In a sign of Bing Dwen Dwen’s crazy popularity, most of the mascot-themed items ____63____(include)key chains and throw pillows were shown to be out of supply on the flagship store for. Olympics merchandise (指定商品) on Tmall and JD. com.
“Beijing Winter Olympics organizers will increase the product offerings for the mascot Bing Dwen Dwen,” a spokesman ____64____ (say) on Sunday in response to the rising popularity of the mascot and a shortage of stock ____65____ (recent).
Bing Dwen Dwen wears a full-body “shell” made out of ice, ____66____ was inspired by bingtanghulu—____67____ traditional Beijing street snack, according to Cao Xue, the designer of the mascot. The bright colors of the halo (光环) around ____68____ (it) face are representation of snow sport tracks and the ____69____ (late) advanced technologies of the ice at the Games, while the heart on its left palm symbolizes China's hospitality (好客) for athletes and _____70_____ (audience) at the Winter Olympics.
61.wrapped
62.to
63.including
64.said
65.recently
66.which
67.a
68.its
69.latest
70.audiences
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文,文章主要介绍了2022年北京冬奥会吉祥物“冰墩墩”。
61.
考查非谓语动词。句意:在奥运会开幕前不久,胖乎乎的裹着一层冰的熊猫“冰墩墩”走红,因为这只可爱的吉祥物吸引了中国观众和外国运动员。分析句子结构可知,已有谓语动词has become,空处需填非谓语动词作定语,the chubby panda和wrap为逻辑动宾关系,需用过去分词形式。故填wrapped。
62.
考查固定短语。句意同上。appeal to为固定短语,意为“吸引”。故填to。
63.
考查介词。句意:在天猫和京东的奥运商品旗舰店,包括钥匙链和抱枕在内的大多数吉祥物主题商品都出现了缺货,这显示出冰墩墩的疯狂流行。表示“包括”应用介词including。故填including。
64.
考查动词。句意:由于吉祥物“冰墩墩”越来越受欢迎,近期库存出现短缺,北京冬奥组委发言人上周日表示:“北京冬奥组委将增加吉祥物“冰墩墩”的产品供应。”此处陈述过去发生的事情,使用一般过去时。故填said。
65.
考查副词。句意同上。修饰整个句子需用副词recently作状语。故填recently。
66.
考查定语从句。句意:据吉祥物设计师曹雪介绍,“冰墩墩”全身裹着一个冰“壳”,灵感来自北京传统街头小吃冰糖葫芦。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词a full-body “shell”,指物,在定语从句中作主语,需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
67.
考查冠词。句意同上。snack为可数名词,此处表示泛指,且traditional发音以辅音音素开头,需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
68.
考查代词。句意:脸周围明亮的光环代表了雪上运动跑道和本届冬奥会冰上最新的先进技术,而左手掌上的心形图案则象征着中国对冬奥会运动员和观众的热情好客。修饰名词face需用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
69.
考查形容词最高级。句意同上。定冠词the修饰形容词最高级,结合句意。故填latest。
70.
考查名词。句意:脸周围明亮的光环代表了雪上运动跑道和本届冬奥会冰上最新的先进技术,而左手掌上的心形图案则象征着中国对冬奥会运动员和观众的热情好客。audience是可数名词,此处和athletes并列,需填名词复数形式作宾语。故填audiences。
(2022·河北邯郸·一模)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Stacey Abrams, ___71___ served in the House of Representatives in Georgia from 2007 to 2017, is a politician, lawyer and voting rights activist. She is also the founder of Fair Fight, a voting rights organization ___72___ (base) in Georgia. Abrams started her career as a tax lawyer and then moved on to politics, who first served ___73___ a representative in the Georgia House of Representatives under the Democratic party in 2006.
In 2018,she ran for governor in the state of Georgia. The 2018 gubernatorial(州长的) race ___74___ (fill) with argument. Due to cases with cheating voter registration and ___75___(politics) control over the election, Abrams lost the election by ___76___ (few) than 55,000votes due to voter suppression (压制). The event also inspired her___77___ (found) Fair Fight, as a way to help protect ___78___ right to vote not just in Georgia, but in all states.
Abrams and Fair Fight ___79___ (successful) paved the way to help the voters to vote freely. They were able to organize a movement that helped register 800,000 Georgian ___80___(resident) to vote in 2020. For her nonviolent campaign for voting rights, Abrams has been nominated(提名) for the Nobel Peace Prize.
71.who
72.based
73.as
74.was filled
75.political
76.fewer
77.to found
78.the
79.successfully
80.residents
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文,文章介绍了美国政治家Stacey Abrams,她创立了Fair Fight组织来保护投票权。
71.
考查定语从句。句意:Stacey Abrams从2007年到2017年担任佐治亚州众议院议员,是一名政治家、律师和投票权活动人士。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是Stacey Abrams,指人,关系词在从句中作主语,应用who引导。故填who。
72.
考查非谓语动词。句意:她也是乔治亚州投票权组织Fair Fight的创始人。分析句子结构可知,动词base和organization之间是动宾关系,此处应该用过去分词作后置定语。故填based。
73.
考查介词。句意:Abrams的职业生涯始于税务律师,然后进入政界,2006年,她在民主党领导下的乔治亚州众议院担任众议员。结合句意可知,此处考查动词短语serve as“担任”。故填as。
74.
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:2018年的州长竞选充满了争论。根据关键词2018以及race和fill之间的被动关系可知,此处应该用一般过去时的被动语态。主语是名词单数,be动词用was。故填was filled。
75.
考查形容词。句意:由于选民登记作弊和选举政治控制等问题,Abrams在选举中因“选民压制”以不到5.5万票的差距落选。根据下文的名词control可知,此处应该用形容词作定语。political意为“政治的”。故填political。
76.
考查形容词比较级。句意:由于选民登记作弊和选举政治控制等问题,Abrams在选举中因“选民压制”以不到5.5万票的差距落选。根据空后的than可知,此处应该用few的比较级。故填fewer。
77.
考查非谓语动词。句意:这一事件也激励她创立了Fair Fight组织,作为一种不仅在乔治亚州,而且在所有州帮助保护投票权的方式。inspire sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”。故填to found。
78.
考查定冠词。句意:这一事件也激励她创立了Fair Fight组织,作为一种不仅在乔治亚州,而且在所有州帮助保护投票权的方式。根据下文的后置定语to vote可知,定冠词the在此处修饰名词right,表示特指。故填the。
79.
考查副词。句意:Abrams和Fair Fight组织成功地为帮助选民自由投票铺平了道路。副词successfully在此处修饰动词paved。故填successfully。
80.
考查名词单复数。句意:他们组织了一场运动,帮助80万格鲁吉亚居民在2020年登记投票。resident是可数名词,根据数词800,000可知,此处应该用复数名词。故填residents。
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