专题02-阅读理解七选五-【大题小卷】冲刺2022年高考英语大题限时集训（全国卷通用）

专题02阅读理解七选五-【大题小卷】冲刺2022年高考英语大题限时集训

阅读理解七选五文章体裁以说明文为主，语篇模式较为固定：提出问题——提供解决方案。

阅读理解七选五趋向于不带标题和段落小标题，但是文章结构清晰严谨，通常为总分或者总分总结构。要求从短文后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。本试题备选项可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。

 例1（2021·全国甲卷 部分）

A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun is had. It's really easy to do! Here are a few pointers.

●Invite 5—10 people so you have a nice selection. __17 Less people than that  , and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.

●____18____. They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their "new" clothes home.

●Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room._19_ Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots_. Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on.

A. Less people than that

B. Hold a clothing swap

C. If two people are competing

D. Just keep music playing throughout

E. Donate whatever clothes are left over

F Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots

7. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition

答案 G

解析  读全文，知大意，掌握结构 

文章介绍了通过衣物交换来处理旧衣服的方法——衣物交换派对，以及一些具体的流程。

第二步：根据关键词，结合上下文，理清逻辑关系 

根据各段首句的特点可知，设空处为段落主题句并且是祈使句。

第三步：探究分析 

根据下文“They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.”（他们还应该准备大量的可重复使用的袋子，把他们的“新”衣服带回家。）说明去的时候应该为交换所得的“新衣服”准备袋子。G项“Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition.”（告诉每个人带来品相完好的衣服。）说明去参加衣物交换的时候应该带完好的衣服，其中的bring和下文中carry相对，都是为交换衣物所做的准备。下文中的also也是提示词，并且其中They指代G项的everyone。所以G项符合语境。

第四步：得出结论 

此段介绍参加服装交换派对活动的要求。即不仅要带来干净可穿的衣物,还要准备好装“新”衣物的环保袋。故G项正确。

例2 (2020·新高考全国卷) Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.   19  And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember. even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.

A. Do the opposite.

B. You want to be an effective public speaker.

C. You don't need to apologize for a minor slip.

D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.

E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience.

F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners.

G. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.

答案B

解析 确定考查题型特点(段中句)。由空前一句“Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.”及空后一句“And...takes practice.”可以锁定B选项为正确答案，它们之间构成并列关系。代入选项,阅读全文,确定答案为B。

例3 (2020·新课标全国卷III) A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party. The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. 36． And it is good time to fill the new space with love and hopeful presents.

A．This isn’t usual though.

B．It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.

C．You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.

D．If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.

E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.

F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.

G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.

答案 E

解析 确定考查题型特点(段中句)。上句 The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.(这个聚会是朋友和家人祝贺新家的机会)。介绍庆祝乔迁之喜的聚会是亲戚朋友祝贺搬新家的人的一次机会，下句 And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.(现在是时候用爱和希望的礼物来填补新家了)。介绍这也是给新家装满爱和希望礼物的好时机。E项：它也给了人们一次看看新家什么样的机会。与上下句为顺承，故选E。代入选项,阅读全文,确定答案为E。

1.段首设空类

1）段落标题句

a. 观察其他段落标题的表达形式

b. 段落标题特点短小精悍，以祈使句或短语为主

c. 阅读段落内容提炼中心词留意体现主旨的原词、同源词、同义词、近义词或反义词

2）段落主题句

2. 推断主题句认真阅读下文内容根据段落一致性原则查找同义词或其他相关词

段中设空的题目即为主题句的展开句。此种题要注意分析前后的逻辑性和内容的连贯性，注意句子之间的衔接手法。当设空在段中时，通常考查该空与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文之间的街接关系。常见的逻辑关系包括7类:总分关系、解释关系、转折关系, 因果关系、递进关系，并列关系和例证关系。常见逻辑关系词如下：

1. 并列关系:

First(ly), Second(ly)...: First, then/next...; In the first place, in the second place...;for one thing, for another thing ...; then /next ,finally/last等。

2. 顺承关系:

too , also, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, what's more, in addition, as well, to make matters worse, not ...but... ,not only ...but also等。

3. 转折关系:

but, however, yet, while /though ,or /otherwise, on the contrary, instead, nevertheless(然而), still, yet, on the contrary in contrast/ comparison等

4. 因果关系:

so /therefore ,thus ,consequently(结果),as a result (of), so/ such...that -y so that ...等

5. 解释关系:

in fact, as a matter of fact, actually, in other words /that is to say 等

6. 举例关系:

for example, for instance,等。

Be a Green Guest

When people take a vacation, they often take vacation from responsibility, too. Our behavior at hotels is one of the biggest problems. We have our linens（纺织品）washed daily for us, and are provided with an endless stream of hot water—what's not to love about that? But all of this luxury equals serious consequences for the environment. 1． They offer programs and facilities that save water and energy. That's a good start, but there is a lot more you can do to cut down the amount of waste produced wherever.

• 2．

In America alone, there are about 50,000 hotels. Now think if hotel management leaves out two small bottles for each hotel room every day, that's a huge amount of little plastic bottles that may not even get recycled. And what about all of that shampoo when you don't finish the bottle? A better way is to bring your own shampoo from home.

•Turn off the lights.

You do it when you're at home, right? Do it at the hotel, too. Studies have shown that, in hotels, the majority of energy spent through lighting comes from the bathroom light being left on for more than one hour! 3． , remember to hit the switch!

•Don't have your sheets or towels washed every day.

Sure, it's a luxury to have linens and towels. cleaned every day, but that's all it is. Washing a set of bed sheets and a pair of bathroom towels requires about 12-16 gallons of water. See if there is a policy for requesting that your towels and linens get washed weekly. In some hotels, it's as simple as hanging towels back up on a hook. 4． .

These tips are also useful for trips to a friend's or relative's house. 5． They will also save your hosts a lot of money.

A．Think about bathroom facilities

B．Just say "no" to hotel shampoos

C．When you're using the bathroom

D．After you're done with your business

E. They will save plastic, water, and electricity

F. More and more hotels are becoming eco-friendly

G. In others, you may ask the front desk for a personal request

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在旅游过程中人们如何成为一个环保的客人。

1.F 2. B  3. D  4. G  5. E

1．【答案】F

【解析】根据上句“But all of this luxury equals serious consequences for the environment.(但所有这些奢侈的行为都等于对环境造成严重的后果)”可知，上文提及到旅游过程中一些破坏环境的做法。空格之后“They offer programs and facilities that save water and energy. That's a good start, but there is a lot more you can do to cut down the amount of waste produced wherever.(他们提供节水节能的项目和设施。这是一个好的开始，但是你还可以做很多事情来减少任何地方产生的浪费)”可知，此处提及到的“they”指代接待游客的“hotels”，他们提供了节水节能的项目和设施。选项F. More and more hotels are becoming eco-friendly(越来越多的旅馆变得环保)符合语境。故选F项。

2．【答案】B

【解析】空处为本段小标题。根据下文“Now think if hotel management leaves out two small bottles for each hotel room every day, that's a huge amount of little plastic bottles that may not even get recycled. And what about all of that shampoo when you don't finish the bottle? A better way is to bring your own shampoo from home.(现在想想，如果旅馆管理部门每天为每个旅馆房间留两个小瓶子，那将是大量的可能不会被回收的小塑料瓶。当你没用完那瓶洗发水，那么那些洗发水会如何处理？一个更好的方法是从家里自带洗发水)”可知，本段的话题与“shampoo”有关，选项B. Just say "no" to hotel shampoos(对旅馆的洗发水说‘不’)符合语境。故选B项。

3．【答案】D

【解析】本段小标题为“Turn off the lights(关灯)”。根据上句“Studies have shown that, in hotels, the majority of energy spent through lighting comes from the bathroom light being left on for more than one hour!”可知，在旅馆，照明所消耗的大部分能源来自于（用完浴室之后）还开了一个多小时的浴室的灯。选项D. After you're done with your business(在你处理完你的事之后)，与后句“remember to hit the switch!(记得按开关!)”承接自然。故选D项。

4．【答案】G

【解析】本段的小标题为“Don't have your sheets or towels washed every day.(不要每天都洗床单或毛)”，根据上两句“See if there is a policy for requesting that your towels and linens get washed weekly. In some hotels, it's as simple as hanging towels back up on a hook.(看看是否有规定要求你的毛巾和床单每周洗一次。在一些旅馆，简单的做法就是把毛巾挂回挂钩上)可知，在不同的旅馆中清洗床单或毛巾的规定不一样。选项G. In others, you may ask the front desk for a personal request可知，若个人有更换毛巾床单的需要时，你可以找前台求助。所以G项符合语境。故选G项。

5．【答案】E

【解析】前句“These tips are also useful for trips to a friend's or relative's house. (这些建议对于去朋友家或亲戚家旅行也很有用)”，而选项E. They will save plastic, water, and electricity.(他们将节约塑料、水和电)，此处的“they”指代上句的“these tips”，且与下一句“They will also save your hosts a lot of money.(他们也会帮你的东道主省下一大笔钱)”承接自然。故选E项。

（2021·四川绵阳二诊）Four Ways to be More Environmentally Friendly Daily

Often, we may not find our lifestyle harmful to nature. 1．. Here are some of the tips to help you learn how to be environmentally friendly in your daily life.

Reevaluate Your current Lifestyle

Before you can begin your green living lifestyle, you will need to take a good look at what you currently do in your house. 2．. For each of them you evaluate, and create a list of possible changes you could make with regards to being environmentally friendly.

3．

One of the easiest ways to help with your green living project is to limit your use of plastic. This includes not purchasing plastic water bottles and using a reusable one, a very easy change to make, as well as limiting your plastic bag use at the supermarket by bringing in your own reusable bags.

Reduce Products Full of Chemicals

Unfortunately, chemicals are in so many of the products we use. In some cases, we can get rid of the chemicals that affect us and the environment by making our own products. Therefore, cleaning supplies with a simple mixture of vinegar, water, lemon juice as well as some essential oils are all natural. It will still give you a great clean! 4．. You can limit the chemicals that enter your world, too.

Consider Your Carbon Footprint

You can lower your carbon footprint by focusing on a few environmental changes. Consider biking, walking, public transportation in place of your car whenever you can. Take shorter showers, use less electricity. 5．

A．Say no to plastic

B．Bring your own bags

C．Go through each room in your house

D．One that is also environmentally conscious

E. The things in our house may be friendly to the ecosystem

F. However, there are ways to make it better for the environment

G. These tricks also help reduce your bill, a win-win if you ask me

【分析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了四个日常更环保的生活方式。

1．【答案】F

【解析】上文“Often, we may not find our lifestyle harmful to nature.( 通常，我们可能不会发现我们的生活方式对自然有害)”说明我们不会注意到我们的生活方式伤害环境，下文“Here are some of the tips to help you learn how to be environmentally friendly in your daily life.( 以下是一些小贴士，可以帮助你在日常生活中学会环保。)”以及下文小标题可知，给出了一些日常环保的建议，因此推断空格处应是说明有一些方法会让我们更环保，因此推断F项“然而，有一些方法可以使它对环境更好。”与上文是转折关系，it指代上文提到的“our lifestyle”。故选F。

2．【答案】C

【解析】上文“Before you can begin your green living lifestyle, you will need to take a good look at what you currently do in your house.( 在你开始你的绿色生活方式之前，你需要好好看看你现在在你的房子里做了什么。)”说明要先看看你现在在你的房间里做了什么。C项中的“Go through”与上文的“take a good look at”呼应。因此推断C项“检查你房子里的每个房间”符合语境，呼应标题“Reevaluate Your current Lifestyle(重新评估你现在的生活)”，具体介绍做法。故选C。

3．【答案】A

【解析】空处是段落标题。根据下文“One of the easiest ways to help with your green living project is to limit your use of plastic.( 帮助你实现绿色生活项目最简单的方法之一就是限制塑料的使用。)”以及下文的详细介绍可知，本段建议限制塑料的使用。因此推断A项“拒绝塑料”为最佳标题。故选A。

4．【答案】G

【解析】上文“Therefore, cleaning supplies with a simple mixture of vinegar, water, lemon juice as well as some essential oils are all natural. It will still give you a great clean!( 因此，加入醋、水、柠檬汁以及一些精油的简单混合物的清洁用品是纯天然的。它仍旧会让清洗结果非很好)”说明我们可以使用纯天然的清洁用品，下文“You can limit the chemicals that enter your world, too.( 你也可以限制进入你的世界的化学物质。)”说明同时你也限制了化学物质进入你的世界，G项中的“win-win”呼应上下文。因此推断G项“这些技巧也有助于减少你的账单，如果你问我，这是双赢的”符合语境，“these tricks”指代上文讲述的使用天然清洁用品。故选G。

5．【答案】D

【解析】 空处是最后一句，应是总结概况的句子，根据上文“You can lower your carbon footprint by focusing on a few environmental changes. Consider biking, walking, public transportation in place of your car whenever you can. Take shorter showers, use less electricity.( 你可以通过关注一些环境变化来降低你的碳足迹。你可以考虑尽可能地骑自行车、步行、乘坐公共交通来代替你的汽车。减少淋浴时间，少用电。)”可推断，要做一个环保的人，D项“一个有环保意识的人”符合语境。故选D。

（2021·北京新高考）Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people． 1． The mental health benefits from music can't be argued．Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes．

2．However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain．By distracting （分心） the mind from the pain，music，people say，can lower stress and anxiety levels．This，of course，can lead to less pain．

Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed．3．While the validity of the idea is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure．Similarly, according to researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels， through the lowering of stress and anxiety．

When it comes to heart health，there is speculation （推测） that it's not the style of music， but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health．In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure．4． On the other hand，when the music slowed，the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit．

5．But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable．

A．This feeling can also result in many other health problems．

B．Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud．

C．This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing．

D．They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep．

E. The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive．

F. It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety．

G. Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were．

【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是音乐对身体的好处。

1. F  2. B   3. D  4. G  5. E

1．【答案】F

【解析】空格后说“The mental health benefits from music can't be argued”（音乐对心理健康的益处是毋庸置疑的），F选项It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety中的stress and anxiety照应了mental health benefits，因此F选项切合题意，故选F。

2．【答案】B

【解析】空格后说“However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain”（然而，出于同样的原因，当一个人处于痛苦中时，音乐是非常有益的），However表转折，因此空格处为对音乐的负面评价，B选项Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud中的harmful就是负面评价，因此B选项切合题意，故选B。

3．【答案】D

【解析】空格前说“Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed”（许多人喜欢在晚上睡觉前听些轻松的音乐），D选项They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep中的sleep和going to bed相呼应，因此D选项切合题意，故选D。

4．【答案】G

【解析】空格前说“In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure”（在欧洲的一项研究中，参与者听音乐，研究人员监测他们的心率和血压），G选项Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were中的heart rates和前面的heart rates相照应，因此G选项切合题意，故选G。

5．【答案】E

【解析】 空格后说“But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable”（但是，开着收音机还可以对一系列其他的健康问题有益，这就是音乐如此有价值的原因），因此本段讲的是音乐对身体总的好处，E选项The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive讲的是音乐对整体健康的影响是非常令人印象深刻的，因此E选项切合题意，故选E。