跟踪练05+阅读理解说明文30篇2-冲刺2022年高考英语之名校阅读理解试题跟踪练(通用版)

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冲刺2022年高考英语之名校阅读理解试题跟踪练(通用版)05
阅读理解说明文30篇2
1
（2022·重庆市育才中学模拟预测）Are you relatively skinny but growing a “beer belly”?
Then don’t be surprised at your next checkup if the nurse measures your waistline to determine your healthy weight. That’s because research is showing that a protruding (鼓出的) belly may be a sign of VAT — a dangerous form of fat around organs deep inside your body. “Studies confirm that visceral (内脏的) fat is a clear health risk,” said Dr. Tiffany Wiley, a senior expert at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland. Unlike the fat just under your skin, visceral fat raises your risk for heart disease. Experts think that’s because visceral fat raises blood pressure and inflames (使发炎) tissues and organs.
However, you can’t assume you’re safe from visceral fat if your overall weight is healthy, experts stress. That’s because you can have dangerous visceral fat even if you’re not considered overweight — and not have any visceral fat even if you are overweight.
How do you know if your stomach is protruding into dangerous size? Do a check. Non-pregnant women with a waist size greater than 88 cm and men with a waist larger than 102 cm, are at higher risk according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. If you’re Asian, it drops to 80 cm for women and 90 cm for men. But it is only a rough measure. “The only sure way to know is to check your visceral fat levels on a CT scan or MRI,” say experts.
According to the AHA committee, the most salutary physical activity to “shrink” belly is aerobic exercise. Aerobic means “with oxygen”, so aerobic exercise increases your breathing rate and promotes the circulation of oxygen through the blood. This type of exercise makes the heart work more effectively and improves its ability to move oxygen-carrying blood with every beat. Speed walking, jogging, stair climbing, cycling and swimming are all examples of aerobic exercise.
“However, more studies are needed to determine the best physical activity, food and other lifestyle changes to reduce heart disease risk,” Dr. Tiffany Wiley added.
1. What would a “beer belly” cause?
A. Enlarged organs inside the body. B. Higher risk of heart disease.
C. Raised mental pressure. D. Inflamed stomach.
2. Who would be relatively healthier according to the experts?
A. A white man with a waist size of 120 cm.
B. A white woman with a waist size of 90 cm.
C. An Asian man with a waist size of 102 cm.
D. An Asian woman with a waist size of 75 cm.
3. Which word can replace the underlined word “salutary” in paragraph 5?
A. Beneficial. B. Difficult. C. Enthusiastic. D. Useless.
4. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?
A. Doing aerobic exercise can remove visceral fat completely.
B. Heart ability improves when one does speed walking.
C. Further studies are needed to reduce heart disease risk.
D. Food and life style determine one’s body shape.
2
（2022·山东·潍坊一中模拟预测）Almost a decade ago, we wrote, “Without applied research on how to best communicate science online, we risk creating a future where the dynamics of online communication systems have a stronger impact on public views about science than the specific research that we as scientists are trying to communicate.” Since then, the footprint of subscription-based news content has slowly decreased. Meanwhile, various information, either true or false, increasingly dominates social media. Partly as a result, extreme public views on issues such as COVID-19 vaccines or climate change emerge and grow separate.
Scientists have been slow to adapt to a shift in power in the science information ecosystem—changes that are not likely to reverse (反转). Many parts of the scientific community—especially in science, technology, and mathematics fields—respond to this challenge as usual, which has been discouraging to those who conduct research on science communication. Many scientists-turned-communicators continue to see online communication environments mostly as tools for resolving information disconnection between experts and audiences. As a result, they blog, tweet, and post videos to promote public understanding and excitement about science.
Unfortunately, social science research suggests that rapidly evolving online information ecologies are less likely to be responsive to scientists who upload content—however attractive it may seem—to TikTok or YouTube. In highly contested national and global information environments, the scientific community is just one of many voices competing for attention and public buy-in about a range of issues. This competition for public attention has produced some urgent problems that the scientific community must face as online information environments rapidly replace traditional, mainstream media.
At present, there is little that science can do to escape this dilemma (窘境). The same profit-driven tools that bring science-friendly and curious followers to scientists’ Twitter feeds and YouTube channels will increasingly disconnect scientists from the audiences that they need to connect with most urgently. Moving forward, dealing with this challenge will require partnerships among the scientific community, social media platforms, and relevant institutions.
5. What is the function of applied research on how to communicate science online?
A. To diversify the ways of communicating science.
B. To help the public correctly understand science.
C. To promote the development of social media.
D. To control online communication systems.
6. What do the underlined words “this challenge” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. The collapse of the scientific community.
B. The difficulty of conducting scientific research.
C. The hardships of tackling extreme views on science.
D. The change in dominant ways of communicating science.
7. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A. The public care little about science online.
B. Scientists have to compete for public attention.
C. Scientists focus on uploading science content.
D. Online information replaces traditional media.
8. What can we infer about profit-driven media from the last paragraph?
A. Their investment pays off.
B. Their users have confidence in them.
C. They give the public access to scientists.
D. They are barriers to science communication.
3
（2022·北京朝阳·一模）Both misinformation, which includes honest mistakes, and disinformation, which involves an intention to mislead, have had a growing impact on teenage students over the past 20 years. One tool that schools can use to deal with this problem is called media literacy education. The idea is to teach teenage students how to evaluate and think critically about the messages they receive. Yet there is profound disagreement about what to teach.
Some approaches teach students to distinguish the quality of the information in part by learning how responsible journalism works. Yet some scholars argue that these methods overstate journalism and do little to cultivate critical thinking skills. Other approaches teach students methods for evaluating the credibility of news and information sources, in part by determining the incentive of those sources. They teach students to ask: What encouraged them to create it and why? But even if these approaches teach students specific skills well, some experts argue that determining credibility of the news is just the first step. Once students figure out if it’s true or false, what is the other assessment and the other analysis they need to do?
Worse still, some approaches to media literacy education not only don’t work but might actually backfire by increasing students’ skepticism about the way the media work. Students may begin to read all kinds of immoral motives into everything. It is good to educate students to challenge their assumptions, but it’s very easy for students to go from healthy critical thinking to unhealthy skepticism and the idea that everyone is lying all the time.
To avoid these potential problems, broad approaches that help students develop mindsets in which they become comfortable with uncertainty are in need. According to educational psychologist William Perry of Harvard University, students go through various stages of learning. First, children are black-and-white thinkers—they think there are right answers and wrong answers. Then they develop into relativists, realizing that knowledge can be contextual. This stage is the one where people can come to believe there is no truth. With media literacy education, the aim is to get students to the next level—that place where they can start to see and appreciate the fact that the world is messy, and that’s okay. They have these fundamental approaches to gathering knowledge that they can accept, but they still value uncertainty.
Schools still have a long way to go before they get there, though. Many more studies will be needed for researchers to reach a comprehensive understanding of what works and what doesn’t over the long term. “Education scholars need to take an ambitious step forward,” says Howard Schneider, director of the Center for News Literacy at Stony Brook University.
9. As for media literacy education, what is the author’s major concern?
A. How to achieve its goal. B. How to measure its progress.
C. How to avoid its side effects. D. How to promote its importance.
10. What does the underlined word “incentive” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Importance. B. Variety. C. Motivation. D. Benefit.
11. The author mentions stages of learning in Paragraph 4 mainly to________.
A. compare different types of thinking
B. evaluate students’ mind development
C. explain a theory of educational psychology
D. stress the need to raise students’ thinking levels
12. Which would be the best title for this passage?
A. Media Literacy Education: Much Still Remains
B. Media Literacy Education: Schools Are to Blame
C. Media Literacy Education: A Way to Identify False Information
D. Media Literacy Education: A Tool for Testing Critical Thinking
4
（2022·山东·潍坊一中模拟预测）In recent years, there has been a rise in the volume of audiobook sales, which is easily aided by the dominance of the smartphone. Other contributors to the rise beyond technology?
One thing is obvious: Reading even a short book involves a significant investment of time and prevents any other activity. You can’t drive or garden while reading. Andy Miller, the author of The Year of Reading Dangerously, said: “I was hunting for a book to read.” Kit Waal, my friend, said, “you should get the audiobook Old Filth; it’s fantastic.” She was right. I could walk the dog and still be reading a brilliant novel, or have one read to me brilliantly. I loved that book and I loved that way of reading it. So I’m a recent convert.”
Does he worry audio provides too different an experience to reading itself? “Clearly on audio you are at the mercy of the reader’s skills,” he says. “But then , ego (自己) aside, the same is true of reading a book on the page. We’re all at the mercy of our own skills and tastes, aren’t we? But on audio you are influenced by someone else’s interpretation. And you might simply dislike the voice of the reader. But at its best audio offers a complementary (互补的) experience to the actual book.”
Will audiobook distract us from the page before us? Better to focus on what we might gain. As someone who frequently interviews authors on stage, I'm aware of the unique insight to a text produced by hearing someone read their own work; I’ve frequently re-interpreted a passage after such an experience. But that has had no impact on whether or not I'll read a book by a writer I will never hear reading.
I once met the writer Don Delillo. In response to a question about the process of writing, he remarked that he sometimes became attracted by the shape of particular letters, by the way individual words appeared before him, their beauty beyond meaning and the relationship to meaning. He sounded hippy-dippy; then it made perfect sense. Reading does start with shapes, which slowly resolve to make a certain meaning, filtered through our own subjectivity and our senses. That will never change.
13. What does Andy Miller mean by “I’m a recent convert” in paragraph 2?
A. I like the reader’s voice. B. I enjoy my daily routines.
C. I fall in love with audiobook. D. I am addicted to reading novels.
14. What does Andy Miller think of the audiobook?
A. It has a good voice. B. It limits our interpretation.
C. It controls our skills and tastes. D. It misleads our interpretation.
15. What is Don Delillo’s attitude to reading the actual book?
A. Unclear. B. Objective. C. Opposed. D. Favourable.
16. What is the best title of the text?
A. Easy listening: the rise of the audiobook?
B. The audiobook-a growing trend in reading
C. Slow reading-the decline of the actual book?
D. A new experience: the appearance of audiobook
5
（2022·陕西西安·二模）While most people don’t think much about garbage, trash (垃圾) is beloved by archaeologist (考古学家). A favorite site for study is a midden (贝丘), an old trash or garbage heap (堆). A midden might contain damaged stone or metal items, which tell us about the weapons and tools people used. Softer materials such as wood, cloth, leather, and baskets are sometimes preserved. They may tell us what people wore, how they carried things, or the kind of toys used by children. Historic household trash heaps often contain broken pottery pieces and even traces of the food they once held.
Most people no longer keep a trash heap by the kitchen door. Instead, garbage is hauled off to landfills (垃圾填埋池). These landfills can still attract archaeologists. The Garbage Project collected information from landfills from 1987 to 1995. Student archaeologists measured tons of garbage from 15 landfills across the United States and Canada. This garbology, the study of garbage, research led to a better understanding of how people have changed what they consume during this period of time. The findings also led to a better awareness of how quickly various items rot. This helped with city planning for garbage disposal and recycling efforts.
Some found objects that may clearly be of archaeological interest, such as arrowheads and spear points. It is typically against the law to collect these on public lands, so they should be left in place. If you take a photo and note the location, you can notify the state archaeologist or the government branch that is in charge of the land, such as the National Park Service or the Bureau of Land Management.
Everyone is responsible for protecting archaeological resources, which is a concept known as “archaeological stewardship.” Sometimes this even means protecting old garbage.
17. Why is old trash important according to archaeologists?
A. It can teach us about the past.
B. It might help us locate metal mines.
C. It can contribute to modern material industry.
D. It might encourage us to protect our environment.
18. What did the student archaeologists mentioned in Paragraph 2 do?
A. They conducted a study on modern trash.
B. They recycled waste from some landfills.
C. They offered some creative city planning ideas.
D. They compared ancient trash heaps with modern landfills.
19. What should you do if you find a potential historic item?
A. Donate it to public collections.
B. Take it to proper authorities.
C. Leave it in a safe place.
D. Mark the place of it.
20. What is the best title for the text?
A. Past or Future? B. Trash or Treasure?
C. Protection of Damage? D. Problem or Resource?
6
（2022·江西·二模）Chinese traditional painting and dance are two vital parts of the art world. But what about when they meet each other?
This year, a dance drama titled Poetic Dance: The Journey of a Legendary Landscape Painting was staged on CCTV’s Spring Festival Gala and went viral.
According to CCTV, this poetic dance program was inspired by the 900-year-old Chinese painting A Panorama of Rivers and Mountains. Created by Song Dynasty (960-1279) painter Wang Ximeng at about 18, the painting is “stunning in its sweeping scale, rich coloration and the expressive details”, reported CCTV. It shows a Chinese blue-green landscape: “mountains and groupings of infinite rise and fall between cloudless sky and rippling water”.
To show the Chinese traditional aesthetics (美学) of the painting, the dance performance conceptualized dancers as the mountains. They each had a different hairstyle, which resembled a mountain rock. The clothes they wore were shades of green and blue, which is also a poetic interpretation of the mountains and rivers.
When the dancers swayed elegantly, audiences seemed to be looking at the moving mountains and rivers.
“It brings me a pure experience of beauty. It is not only a drama but also an ‘exhibition’. Vast mountains and rivers are coming to life!” internet user Mo Weisha wrote in a review. “More than a thousand years later, green mountains and rivers still wow people as they did long ago.”
Some people even decided to watch the dance again when it was staged in the theaters later.
In fact, in recent years, more and more modem shows highlight Chinese traditional culture and have received warm welcome. As for why, it is attributed to people’s great love for traditional culture.
“The younger generations have grown up with a more open mindset. They embrace Chinese culture and are proud of it,” Yao Wei, director of Henan TV station’s Innovation Center, told China Daily.
21. What can we learn about the painting A Panorama of Rivers and Mountains from the text?
A. It was painted in several bright colors.
B. It shows natural beauty vividly.
C. It was created over a thousand years ago.
D. It is of small size but includes great details.
22. What is paragraph 4 mainly about?
A. The unique Chinese beauty shown in the drama.
B. Innovative design to dress dancers like mountains.
C. What the drama and the painting have in common.
D. How the drama presents the elements from the painting.
23. Which of the following does Mo Weisha probably agree with?
A. Mountains and rivers should be better exhibited in the drama.
B. The mountains and rivers in the drama are true to life.
C. Modem people value natural beauty more than ever before.
D. The drama could look better in theaters than on TV.
24. Why are shows about Chinese traditional culture becoming popular according to Yao Wei?
A. People are more open to traditional culture.
B. People are happy to see new forms of art.
C. Chinese culture has been spreading around the world.
D. People have received more access to traditional culture.
7
（2022·陕西·宝鸡市陈仓高级中学二模）The great increase of waste that you find around the world is hard to ignore. Depending on where they live, people produce between 0.11 and 4.54 kilograms of waste every day. Even more alarming, that number is expected to increase by 70 percent by 2050.
Is there anything specific you can do to help the situation? One thing is to shop smart. Buy from companies that promote sustainable (可持续的) business practices and use recycled materials in their products.
Here are some products and companies that hit the mark for being environmentally-friendly.
Wool Runners by Allbirds
These light and comfortable tennis shoes are made from natural wool. The laces (鞋带) are made from recycled water bottles. Other shoe parts are made from bean oil, and the shoeboxes are made with recycled materials.
Women’s 711 Skinny Jeans by Levi’s
It usually takes hundreds of gallons of water to make one pair of blue jeans. However, Levis Water < Less collection uses up to 96 percent less water.
Reactive Drawstring Family Tote by Vera Bradley
These pretty bags put recycled water bottles to good use, using 23 of them per bag.
The Sunrise RebornTM Pack by ASICS
ASICS’s new shoes were created with sustainability in mind. The material is dyed (染色), using a special method. The technique uses up to 80 percent less water than regular dyeing methods. The process also uses fewer chemicals and less energy.
Regarding their future footwear lines, ASICS has made a promise. Over 95 percent of their new running shoes will be made from recycled materials. The technology behind Sunrise Reborn puts ASICS one step closer to reaching their sustainability goals. The company has promised to leave a lighter environmental footprint for future generations.
25. What do the data in Paragraph 1 show?
A. The danger caused by waste materials. B. The existing problem ignored by people.
C. The serious problem of increasing waste. D. The growing amount of poisonous waste.
26. What do the four products have in common?
A. They only use recycled materials. B. They’re made from natural materials.
C. The techniques behind them are very special. D. Their companies share the sustainability goals.
27. Where may the text be found?
A. In a life magazine. B. In a fantasy book.
C. In a research paper. D. In a business report.
8
（2022·河南·模拟预测）This year the world celebrates the International Year of Astronomy, marking the 400th anniversary of the first drawings of celestial (天上的) objects through a telescope. This first has long been owed to Galileo. But astronomers and historians in the UK are eager to promote a lesser-known figure, English polymath Thomas Harriot, who made the first drawing of the Moon through a telescope several months earlier, in July 1609. Harriot not only preceded Galileo but went on to make maps of the Moon's surface that would not be bettered for decades.
Harriot lived from 1560 to 1621. By 1609, Harriot had acquired his first telescope. He turned it towards the Moon on 26 July, becoming the first astronomer to draw an astronomical object through a telescope. By 1613 he had created two maps of the whole Moon. The earliest telescopes of the kind used by Harriot had a narrow field of view, meaning that only a small part of the Moon could be seen at any one time and making this work more impressive.
Despite his innovative work, Harriot remains relatively unknown. Unlike Galileo, he did not publish his drawings. Dr. Alan Chapman, Historian of the University of Oxford, explains that the reason may be his comfortable position as a “well-maintained philosopher and a great and wealthy nobleman” with a generous salary. Harriot had comfortable housing and a specially provided observing room on top of Sion House, all of which contrasted with Galileo's financial pressures.
Dr. Chapman believes that the time has come to give Harriot the credit he deserves. “Thomas Harriot is an unrecognised hero of science. His drawings mark the beginning of the age of modern astronomy.” Professor Andy Fabian, President of the Royal Astronomical Society, agrees. “As an astrophysicist of the 21st century, I can only look back and be amazed at the work of 17th century astronomers like Thomas Harriot. The world is right to celebrate Galileo in the International Year of Astronomy, but Harriot shouldn’t be forgotten!”
28. What do we know about Harriot?
A. He died at the age of 51.
B. He created the first telescope in 1613.
C. He made the first drawing of the Moon in 1609.
D. He created two maps of the whole Earth in 1613.
29. Why didn’t Harriot publish his drawings?
A. He lacked confidence. B. He lived a wealthy life.
C. He enjoyed his poor life. D. His drawings needed improving.
30. What can be inferred from Andy Fabian’s words?
A. Harriot is a well-known hero of science.
B. Harriot is less important than Galileo.
C. It is significant to honor Galileo as well as Harriot.
D. It is necessary to celebrate the International Year of Astronomy.
31. What is the best title for the text?
A. An astronomer who is greater than Galileo
B. An astronomer who is intelligent and gifted
C. An astronomer who deserves a generous salary
D. An astronomer who deserves to be remembered
9
（2022·内蒙古·包头市第四中学一模）To persist, life must reproduce. Scientists at the University of Vermont, Tufts University, and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University have discovered an entirely new form of biological reproduction and applied their discovery to create the first-ever, self-replicating (自我复制的) living robots.
Named Xenobots after the African clawed frog from which scientists take their stem cells, the machines are less than 0.04 inches wide-small enough to travel inside human bodies. They can walk and swim, survive for weeks without food,and work together in groups. They even have regenerative capabilities; when the scientists sliced into one robot, it healed by itself and kept moving.
The Xenobots could potentially be used toward a host of tasks. Xenobots could be used to clean up radioactive waste and collect microplastics in the oceans. Some Xenobots had holes in their center, which could potentially be used to transport drugs or medicines. Traditional robots “degrade (降解) over time and can produce harmful ecological and health side effects,” researchers said in the study, which was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. As biological machines, Xenobots are more environmentally friendly and safer for human health. Aside from these immediate practical tasks, Xenobots could also help researchers to learn more about cell biology — opening the doors to future advancement in human health and longevity.
While the prospect of self-replicating biotechnology could spark concern, the researchers said that the living machines were entirely contained in a lab and easily destroyed, as they are biodegradable and regulated by experts. “There are many things that are possible if we take advantage of this kind of plasticity (可塑性) and ability of cells to solve problems,” said Joshua Bongard, one of the lead researchers at the University of Vermont.
32. Which of the following best explains “regenerative” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Fighting disease. B. Replacing old cells.
C. Self-cleaning regularly. D. Recovering and growing again.
33. What can we learn about Xenobots from paragraph 3?
A. They can be widely applied to curing diseases.
B. They can serve well the research on human health.
C. They are specially designed to collect radioactive waste.
D. They are harmless to the environment by degrading plastics.
34. What is Bongar’s attitude towards the self-replicating biotechnology?
A. Positive. B. Doubtful.
C. Indifferent. D. Ambiguous.
35. What does the text mainly talk about?
A. An experiment on African clawed frogs.
B. The trend of developing biotechnology.
C. An application of a machine in medicine.
D. The invention of the first self-reproduction robots.
10
（2022·海南·嘉积中学模拟预测）The UK Space Agency (UKSA) has given more than £1 million towards tracking satellites and space junk in orbit.
The money will be given to seven companies that are working on ways to develop new sensor technologies that spot objects in space, working out what they are and track them.
Finding better ways to monitor everything currently in orbit has become a big priority because, with more and more satellites being launched, there is growing concern about the possibility of collisions.
Added to that are around 900,000 objects—made up of old space equipment that no longer works, and junk like gloves and tool kits accidentally dropped by astronauts—that are still in orbit. The UK Space Agency is owned by the government and is responsible for strengthening the UK’s position in the space sector (领域).
Although some space junk is very small, only around 1 cm, it could do a lot of damage and even completely destroy a spacecraft if there was a high-speed collision. It is hoped that the new research can create something like an automated traffic management system in the future, which will keep functioning satellites out of harm’s way.
Jacob Geer from UKSA said, “Space tracking is one of the key things we can do to keep safe those satellites we rely on now, and to make sure certain orbits don’t become obstructed for future generations because there is too much junk in them.”
The Ministry of Defence and UKSA recently agreed to work together when it comes to space, with both having valuable satellites in orbit that they want to protect.
The UK government is now part-owner of the OneWeb satellite broadband company, which has launched 74 satellites and has plans to put up thousands more.
36. Why has UKSAgiven a large amount of money to some companies?
A. To explore space. B. To help the seven companies.
C. To spot new objects in space. D. To keep track of satellites and space junk.
37. What can we infer from paragraph 3?
A. There is an urgent need to clear up the orbit in space.
B. Satellites may crash into each other if left unconcerned.
C. More and more satellites should be launched into space.
D. There has been better ways to solve problems concerning space.
38. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “obstructed” in paragraph 6?
A. Incredible. B. Impossible. C. Inaccessible. D. Unavoidable.
39. What would be the best title for the text?
A. UKSA has launched more satellites.
B. UKSA has detected too much junk in space.
C. UKSA has found better ways to monitor space.
D. UKSA has offered financial support to protect satellites.
11
（2022·吉林长春·模拟预测）Zea Tongeman, a 14-year-old student, who is crazy about the Internet, applied technology to create an application that encourages people to recycle while having fun.
Zea was really inspired when she attended “Little Miss Geek Day”, an event that aims at making technology more accessible and appealing to young women and inspiring them to consider technology careers. Soon after, she entered “Apps for Good”, a competition that encourages students to create positive change through technology. Teaming up with her friend, Jordan Stirbu, she laid the foundations for “Jazzy Recycling”.
The “Jazzy Recycling” application is designed to encourage young people to recycle more, which wins the favor of the youth. It turns waste disposal into a game and helps you find places to recycle. Then you scan what you need to recycle, share it, and get rewards such as shopping vouchers (代金券) and games to be unlocked for what you have recycled.
Tapping into the teen enthusiasm for sharing every little aspect of their daily life on social media like Facebook, Twitter or Instagram, recycling efforts can be shared too as a fun game among friends, which makes more people take part in recycling activities.
Zea explains why she is addicted to the Internet and how technology has changed her ideas about the future, “I used to think technology was just fixing computers and using smartphones; I have become very tired from just using what is available. I have discovered another side to it and that I can make technology of my own.”
In fact, Zea Tongeman has taken the idea of recycling seriously and hopes all her fellow beings would give it a serious thought. This teen girl from the United Kingdom has made use of computer programming to create her own app that would encourage people to go recycling for a better world.
40. What is “Little Miss Geek Day” intended to do?
A. To inspire students to go recycling. B. To encourage students to create more.
C. To introduce some famous young ladies. D. To get girls interested and involved in technology.
41. How does the “Jazzy Recycling” appeal to the young?
A. It combines recycling with fun. B. It offers money to those who recycle.
C. It raises their awareness of waste disposal. D. It provides varieties of convenient services.
42. Which of the following best describes Zea Tongeman?
A. Considerate. B. Generous. C. Creative. D. Modest.
43. What can we learn from Tongeman’s story?
A. Teenagers have a talent for creating apps.
B. Technology plays a significant role in education.
C. Competitions inspire teenagers to achieve success.
D. Youngsters can make a difference in their own ways.
12
（2022·安徽·模拟预测）Francesca Gino, an associate professor at Harvard Business School, explores a range of fascinating subjects in her new book. Gino's new book also highlights the science of gratitude.
In two of the gratitude experiments, Gino worked with Professor Adam Grant of the Wharton School. They first asked 57 students to give feedback to a fictitious (虚构的) student, Eric, regarding his cover letter for a job. Half were emailed a brief confirmation without gratitude. The other half received gratitude: “I received your feedback on my cover letter. I am really grateful.”
When Gino and Grant measured the students' sense of self-worth afterwards, 25 percent of the group that received just an acknowledgement felt higher level of self-worth, compared with 55 percent of the group that received thanks.
In a follow-up experiment, participants received a message from another fictitious student Steven, asking for feedback on his cover letter. Would participants who had received thanks from Eric be more likely to help Steven? Indeed, more than half of the students in the gratitude group (66 percent) helped Steven, compared with just 32 percent of those in the no-gratitude group.
“Receiving expression of gratitude makes us feel a heightened (增强的) sense of self-worth,” Gino said.
Gino built on the research in a field study that looked at 41 fundraisers (募捐人) at a university, all receiving a fixed salary. The director visited half of the fundraisers in person, telling them, “I am very grateful for your hard work.” The second group received no such expression of gratitude. Gino said that “the expression of gratitude increased the number of calls made by that group of fundraisers by more than 50 percent” for the week, while fundraisers who received no thanks made about the same number of calls as the previous week.
By missing chances to express gratitude, organizations and leaders lose relatively cost-free opportunities to motivate their employees, Gino said.
“The work behind my book really makes me think more carefully every time I am the one expressing gratitude to others. I don't want to miss opportunities. I have learned from my own research and now try to say ‘thank you’ much more often”, Gino added.
44. What did the students do in the experiment at first?
A. They gave feedback to Eric regarding his cover letter for a job.
B. They helped Eric to improve his cover letter to find a job.
B. They helped Eric to improve his cover letter to find a job.
C. They expressed their gratitude to Eric for his application.
D. They emailed a brief confirmation to Eric without gratitude.
45. What can we learn about the sense of self-worth?
①People's sense of self-worth can make them work more efficiently.
②People who receive only an acknowledgement tend to feel embarrassed.
③Receiving thanks makes a difference to a person's sense of self-worth.
④The sense of self-worth can encourage people to have other helpful behaviors.
A. ①②③ B. ①②④ C. ①③④ D. ②③④
46. What was the impact of the director saying thanks?
A. It helped the fundraisers work as a team.
B. It maintained the fundraisers' good mood.
C. It increased the salary of the fundraisers.
D. It was an opportunity to motivate the fundraising.
47. Why does the author write this text?
A. To analyze what leaders should do to improve work quality.
B. To discuss a range of suggestions for organizations.
C. To highlight the power and importance of gratitude.
D. To introduce some ways to motivate others.
13
（2022·云南昆明·一模）There is a time when many Americans question whether a college degree is worth its cost. However, a recent study found Americans who completed college or university are more likely to have friends and are less lonely than those who only finished high school.
Daniel Cox, director of the Survey Center on American Life, said that in general Americans are experiencing a “friend recession”, meaning a decline in their number of friends. Cox noted “Americans have fewer close friends today than we did in the early 90s. But men and those without a college degree were particularly affected because they seem to have experienced a much more dramatic decline over that period.”
The Center questioned 5,054 people this past summer. It found Americans with a college degree feel more socially connected and are more active in their communities than people who didn’t go to college. As a result, those who completed college report feeling less lonely.
Previous research showed that Americans who didn’t go to college are less likely to marry. A 2012 study found that college-educated women were much more likely to get married than women who dropped out of high school. A 2013 study of people born between 1957 and 1964 found that both men and women who didn’t finish high school were less likely to marry than those with more education.
Today, 65 percent of college-educated Americans over age 25 are married. About 50 percent of people with a high school diploma, or who dropped out of high school, are married. Those numbers were different in 1990, when marriage rates among the college educated were at 69 percent, compared with 63 percent for those who did not go to college, says a Pew research report.
The American Community Life Survey found around 1 in 10 college graduates say they have no close social connections. That number rises among Americans without a degree, where almost 1 in 4 say they have no close friends.
48. According to the text, the study was carried out when ______.
A. psychological problems arose sharply B. the number of college graduates declined
C. Americans experienced a friend recession D. concerns about college costs appeared
49. Why are some studies mentioned in paragraph 4?
A. To provide evidence for the research. B. To analyze the reasons for loneliness.
C. To show the importance of marriage. D. To compare differences in generations.
50. In which column of a magazine may this text appear?
A. Entertainment. B. Education. C. Technology. D. Health.
51. What is the text mainly about?
A. Social problems in the American society. B. Reasons for Americans’ low marriage rates.
C. Links between education and social interaction. D. Discussions about whether to get a college degree.
14
（2022·四川宜宾·二模）Anyone with a kid is aware of the fact that kids have a really unusual sense of humor, but there’s no other way to put it. Sometimes it’s a non-funny situation that they find amusing. Whatever it is, you might be wondering what on earth they think is so funny. Up until recently, researchers weren’t sure what the timeline was of developing a sense of humor.
A group of researchers called the Early Humor Survey (EHS) aim to understand just that and help parents get a better understanding of their kids’ sense of humor. They surveyed a group of parents from the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia.
During the first year of their babies’ lives, parents observed the different ways their children appreciated humor and were even able to produce some humor on their own. More than 3/4ths of the parents found their babies laughing by the second month of their lives. By their first birthday, almost all parents reported that their kids were all laughing.
While babies don’t have a full understanding of humor, we are able to see when they’re smiling or if they’re happy. EHS authors were able to see that babies had the ability to appreciate humor before they are able to produce humor themselves.
According to Kids Health, children with a sense of humor are more optimistic, happier and are able to handle differences with others. They are also more well-liked by their peers and show a better handling of adversities of childhood, including bullying, or moving to a new town. Since parents are the biggest role models in children’s lives, it’s safe to say that they develop their sense of humor from interacting with their parents.
52. What can we learn from Paragraph 1?
A. Children are born with a sense of humor.
B. Parents seek for the cause of kids’ humor.
C. Experts know when kids produce humor.
D. Kids’ sense of humor differs from adults’.
53. Which of the following does Kids Health agree with?
A. The two-month-old babies begin to laugh.
B. Parents interpret children’s humor properly.
C. Humor helps kids cope with tough problems.
D. Kids understand humor while appreciating it.
54. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Kids’ Humor at a Very Early Stage
B. How Parents Care about Kids’ Growth
C. A New Discovery about Babies’ Humor
D. Why Humor Is Important in Kids’ Life
55. What can be talked about following the last paragraph？
A. How to create kids’ humor stories.
B. How to develop kids’ sense of humor.
C. How to distinguish types of kids’ humor.
D. How to make an assessment of kids’ humor.
15
（2022·陕西商洛·一模）A new species of pygmy seahorse (豆丁海马) has been discovered off the coast of South Africa in Sodwana Bay, attracting scientists with its tiny size—only 2.7 centimeters.
An international research team studied the tiny pygmy seahorse in 2019, after it was spotted by chance by diving instructor Savannah Nalu Olivier who was exploring algae (海藻) on the seafloor of the bay. But it wasn’t easy to see it at all, according to a press release from the University of Leeds in Australia. That’s because these sea creatures are camouflaged by their stony golden-brown look.
This is the first time that a pygmy seahorse has ever been discovered in the Indian Ocean. In fact, the closest known pygmy seahorse species live 8,000 kilometers away in a region of the Pacific Ocean called Coral Triangle. Until now, all but one of the seven pygmy seahorse species have been found in the triangle, making this discovery particularly puzzling.
The study was led by Graham Short from the California Academy of Sciences. It discovers a number of detailed features that differentiate this species from other seahorses. While larger seahorses have gills (鳃) on each side of their head, the Sodwana Bay pygmy seahorse has only one gill slit on its back. “That would be like having a nose on the back of your neck,” Short said in an interview. The tiny seahorse also has a set of sharp spines (刺毛) on its back while other pygmy seahorses have flat—tipped spines. The researchers haven’t figured out what they are used for yet.
The tiny pygmy seahorse reminds us that when we open our eyes, the natural world becomes an endless mystery. Unknown species and even entire ecosystems are awaiting to be discovered in places we never thought possible.
56. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “camouflaged” in paragraph 2?
A. destroyed B. cheated C. identified D. hidden
57. Where were most pygmy seahorse species found?
A. In Coral Triangle. B. In Australia.
C. In Sodwana Bay. D. In California.
58. What makes the new species of pygmy seahorse different from other seahorses?
A. Their color. B. Their food.
C. Their gills and spines. D. Their necks and eyes.
59. What does the author want to express in the last paragraph?
A. The world is full of uncertainties.
B. We should keep exploring the world.
C. Discovering unknown species is difficult.
D. The tiny pygmy seahorse opens our eyes.
16
（2022·陕西商洛·一模）The global movement to get rid of plastic has led to concern about single-use plastic tea bags, with many people now considering them wasteful and potentially dangerous. New research by a team at McGill University found that a tea bag soaked (浸泡) in 95℃ water released 11.6 billion units of microplastics and 3.1 billion smaller nanoplastic particles (微粒). The researchers are suggesting that dipping into boiling water makes the tea bags release higher numbers of plastic particles or poisonous substances.
This quantity of microplastics is larger than the amount consumed by a person in an entire year, so the question remains whether the consumption of microplastics is harmful to the human body. Worryingly, when exposed to these levels of microplastics, water fleas (水蚤) were noted to show body and behavior abnormalities. For a nation that consumes up to 60.2 billion cups of tea a year, this has caused concern. While there is no evidence that these micro-plastics affect human health, the UN has said more research is needed to fully understand the effect microplastics have on the body.
It is not only plastic tea bags that contain chemicals. 96 per cent of paper tea bags sold in the UK contain polypropylene—a chemical used to close the openings. This chemical can makeup 25 per cent of the bag.
Some brands such as the Co-op and PG Tips had already adopted 100 per cent compostable (可堆肥的) ten bags due to public pressure. While Lidl is exploring the alternative for biological tea bags. Yorkshire Tea is aiming to switch to plant-based materials by the end of the year. The most eco-friendly tea, however, remains loose leaf in a pot or cup.
60. What does the new research show?
A. Tea bags are becoming unpopular.
B. Tea bags contain different plastics.
C. Tea bags in hot water release bad materials.
D. Tea bags should be dipped in cold water.
61. Which can best describe the microplastics’ effect on human health?
A. Direct. B. Long-lasting. C. Insignificant. D. Uncertain.
62. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Tea makers are aware of tea bags’ harm.
B. The public are particular about tea brands.
C. People are concerned about the environment.
D. The production of tea becomes eco-friendly.
63. Where is the text probably taken from?
A. A textbook. B. A technology report.
C. A biography. D. A health magazine.
17
（2022·安徽蚌埠·三模）Zhang Fan, 36, a movie visual effects designer who returned to Beijing from New Zealand for work last year, was surprised by the improvement to the city’s air quality. “I remember the smell in the air and the frequent smoggy days before I left in 2013, after getting a job offer from a film company in New Zealand, ” he said. Last year, a Chinese company offered Zhang a more promising position, so he returned, saying that he could find more opportunities in his line of work in Beijing than elsewhere. In addition to rapid economic development in the Chinese capital, he said the most impressive change is the local air quality. “People discussed air pollution a lot when I was in Beijing previously. Now, it seems that the topic has disappeared completely, as every day is good in terms of air quality,” Zhang said. “The sky in Beijing these days is so clear. ”
On Jan. 4, the municipal authorities in Beijing announced a comprehensive success in improving air quality, with the city’s annual average concentration of PM2. 5 in the air, falling to 33 micrograms per cubic meter, and ozone (臭氧) concentration dropping to 149 mcg per cu m last year.
Yu Jianhua, spokesman for the Beijing Municipal Ecology and Environment Bureau, said at a news conference, “This is a milestone for Beijing’s hard work in fighting air pollution and also means that the city has met its air quality target outlined in the 14th Five-Year Plan(2021-25) ahead of schedule. Beijing has demonstrated to the world over the past 20 years that a mega city with a rapidly increasing GDP, vehicle count, population and energy consumption can move forward to cut air pollution effectively. The PM2.5 reduction over the past few years has surpassed that of developed countries during the same period.
According to the Bureau, the city’s average concentration of PM2.5 dropped by 63 percent last year from 2013, an average annual reduction of about 8 percent. The city experienced 288 days of good air quality last year—up from 112 days in 2013—and just eight days of heavy air pollution. This achievement is clear to see and exciting, but it has not been easy work.
64. Why did Zhang Fan retumed to Beijing?
A. He was tired of his life abroad. B. He has a deep affection for the city.
C. The city’s air quality has improved. D. A golden chance was offered to him.
65. How do the municipal authorities show the improvement to the city’s air quality?
A. By using examples. B. By using figures.
C. By offering experimental findings. D. By citing personal experience.
66. What does the underlined word “mega” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Huge. B. Rich. C. Civilized. D. Noted.
67. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A. Business. B. Fashion. C. Environment. D. Entertainment.
18
（2022·北京朝阳·一模）How much time do you spend doing research before you make a big decision? There are people who go over every detail exhaustively before making a choice, and it is certainly possible to overthink things. But a fair number of individuals are quick to jump to conclusions. Psychologists call the latter a mental bias (偏见). In this case, the error is making a call based on the least of evidence.
A research by Carmen Sanchez, a professor at the University of Illinois, and David Dunning, a professor at the University of Michigan, has found that hasty judgments are often just one part of larger error-prone patterns in behavior and thinking. These patterns have costs. People who tend to make such jumps in their reasoning often choose a bet in which they have low chances of winning instead of one where their chances are much better.
To study jumping, researchers did an experiment to examine decision-making patterns among 600 people from the general population. They applied a thinking game, in which players encountered someone who was fishing from one of two lakes: in one lake, most of the fish were red; in the other, most were gray. The fisher would catch one fish at a time and stop only when players thought they could say which lake was being fished. Some players had to see many fish before making a decision. Others—the jumpers—stopped after only one or two. Participants were also asked questions to learn more about their thought patterns. It was found that the fewer fish a player waited to see, the more errors that individual made in other types of beliefs, reasoning and decisions.
So what is behind jumping? Researchers commonly distinguish between two pathways of thought: automatic, known as system l, which reflects ideas that come to the mind easily, spontaneously and without effort; and controlled, or system 2, consisting of effortful reasoning that is analytic, mindful and intentional. It was found that jumpers and non-jumpers were equally influenced by automatic thoughts. The jumpers, however, did not engage in controlled reasoning to the same degree as non-jumpers. It is system 2 thinking that helps people counterbalance mental biases introduced by system 1. A lack of system 2 thinking is also more broadly connected to their problematic beliefs and faulty reasoning.
In everyday life, the question of whether we should think things through or instead go with our heart is a frequent and important one. Recent studies show that even gathering just a little bit more evidence may help us avoid a major mistake. Sometimes the most important decision we make can be to take some more time before making a choice.
68. What is the main idea of the first two paragraphs?
A. Overthinking things is a mental bias.
B. Evidence is a necessity for judgments.
C. Jumping results from a wish to win a bet.
D. Jumpers have a tendency to a mental mistake.
69. What can we learn from the experiment?
A. Jumpers caught more fish than non-jumpers.
B. Non-jumpers gave quicker answers than jumpers.
C. Non-jumpers tended to see more fish before naming the lake.
D. People who saw fewer fish made fewer mistakes in reasoning.
70. According to the passage, in which situation is system 2 engaged more?
A. After comparing different brands and models, David purchased a car.
B. On hearing that the Apollo moon landings were faked, Mia believed it.
C. Seeing the dirty windows of a restaurant, Mary decided its food was bad.
D. When picking a doctor, Jim merely accepted the recommendation from a friend.
71. What does the author intend to tell us?
A. To reflect on our thought patterns regularly.
B. To think twice before we make our decisions.
C. To realize the consequences of faulty reasoning.
D. To adopt two pathways of thought before acting.
19
（2022·河南·模拟预测）A new computerized study analyzed more than 6, 000 songs from 1951 to 2016, finding that songs were more joyful, optimistic and positive in the 1950s in America, and angrier, more fearful and sadder with each passing decade. It is especially obvious when it comes to the changes in pop music lyrics (歌词). “In general, the results show a clear trend towards a more negative tone in pop music lyrics, with a more significant change around the early 1990s,” stated researcher Kathleen Napier at Lawrence Technological University in Michigan.
My initial reaction to the result is that music from the 1950s was more relaxing and less reflective of daily reality in America than the music of later period, especially compared with much of today’s music, which can reflect our society under unpleasant criticism, with grittier (更坚忍不拔的) topics.
Though this lyrical transition (转变) can come with a chorus of negativity, I think, music, like art, should honestly reflect the emotional mood or political climate of a certain time period, not merely romanticism and optimism of it.
“Music is what we cry to... it’s what we march to... it’s what we react to...” said singer Alicia Keys at the Grammy Awards ceremony earlier this month. “It’s our shared global language, and if you really want to say something, you say it with a song.” I thought she revealed it, so I wrote down her remarks during that show.
I don’t doubt the study’s conclusions. Yet I haven’t noticed if my musical play list through the years meets the study’s conclusions, with my favorite songs getting sadder or angrier. But I’m now paying more attention to what I’m listening to and why. If you begin doing the same thing, I’ll leave you with these lyrics from Semisonic: “Every new beginning comes from some other beginning’s end.”
72. What does the new computerized study mainly focus on?
A. The trend of music themes in the past several decades.
B. The popularity of pop music in different times.
C. The topics of music lyrics in recent years.
D. The feature of pop music in the 1990s.
73. What can we know about recent years’ music?
A. Music sales are declining.
B. It becomes more relaxing.
C. It’s more closely related to the reality.
D. Pop music has become more and more popular.
74. What is the author’s attitude towards the lyrical transition?
A. Doubtful. B. Supportive.
C. Unconcerned. D. Disapproving.
75. What does the last paragraph suggest?
A. We should avoid listening to sad music.
B. The existence of some new things is unreasonable.
C. The process of lyrical transition is influenced by human beings.
D. We should adapt ourselves to the changing situation with pleasure.
20
（2022·江苏连云港·二模）Could a daily walk be even better for our health than we thought? Several new studies show that walking not only burns fat, but also boosts longevity (长寿)and has a dramatic anti-ageing effect on the body.
In the latest of these findings, due to be published in the journal Communications Biology in the next few weeks, Thomas Yates, a professor at the University of Leicester, showed that walkers who adopt a quick pace can have a biological age 15 years younger than those who take their time. Yates and his team looked at the length of telomeres (端粒)of chromosomes(染色体)in 405,981 middle-aged adults in the UK. As we grow older, our telomeres shorten, which results in accelerated cell ageing. “If we can keep them long for as long as possible, it acts as a buffer against ageing,” says Yates.
Their findings follow a review and analysis of 15 studies on walking involving almost 50,000 people that was published this week. Amanda Paluch at the University of Massachusetts Amhers confirmed that daily walking improves health and longevity, but more daily steps are better only up to a point. For adults under 60, Paluch showed a daily total of 8,000-10,000 steps was best for reducing risk of early death, while 6,000-8,000 steps was enough for the over-60s.
Walking has also recently been shown to strengthen the blood flow to the brain. In one of the largest studies, researchers revealed that 20 minutes of quick walking most days from middle age onwards will lower the risk of dementia (痴呆). Professor Edward Zamrini says, “The idea that you can reduce your risk for Alzheimer's disease by simply increasing your activity is very promising.”
Even in people with some existing age-related memory damage, walking can work wonders, as a year-long study in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease showed. “Walking is by far the best medicine we have for a healthy life,”says Yates.
76. What did Thomas Yates' study find about fast walking?
A. It causes a damaging effect on the body.
B. It slows down the process of cell ageing.
C. It increases the number of chromosomes.
D. It shortens middle-aged adults' telomeres.
77. What does the underlined word “buffer” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Something shortening telomeres.
B. Something speeding up cell ageing.
C. Something counting the walking pace.
D. Something helping protect from harm.
78. What did Amanda Paluch consider when doing research?
A. Body shape. B. Age group.
C. Occupation type. D. Sample size.
79. What is the best title for the text?
A. How daily walking helps burn fat
B. Why walking is the best midlife exercise
C. How many daily steps are better for adults
D. Whether walking reduces the risk of dementia
21
（2022·广东·执信中学模拟预测）A study of 8 different experiments showed that our brains tend to prefer addition rather than subtraction when it comes to finding solutions—in many cases, it seems we just don’t consider the strategy of taking something away at all.
The researchers found that this preference for adding was noticeable in three situations in particular: when people were under higher cognitive (认知的) load, when there was less time to consider the other options, and when volunteers didn’t get a specific reminder that subtracting was an option. In one of the experiments, participants were asked to improve a Lego structure so that it was able to take more weight. Half the volunteers were reminded that they could take away bricks as well as add them, and half weren’t. In the group that got the reminder, 61 percent solved the problem by taking away a brick—which was a much faster and more efficient way of making the structure stable. In the group that didn’t get the reminder, only 41 percent went for the removing bricks approach.
“Additive ideas come to mind quickly and easily, but subtractive ideas require more cognitive effort,” says psychologist Benjamin Converse, from the University of Virginia. “Because people are often moving fast and working with the first ideas that come to mind, they end up accepting additive solutions without considering subtraction at all.”
The researchers have a few ideas about what might be going on. Our brains might find additive changes easier to process perhaps, or we might be associating adding with ideas of something that's bigger and therefore better in our subconscious. There might also be associations in our minds with the current status being something that needs to be maintained as much as possible—and taking something away is arguably more destructive to the current status than adding something new.
The researchers say their work is important in a much broader sense: for institutions looking to streamline (简化), for example, and even for the human race looking for ways to better manage the planet’s resources.
80. What does the underlined word “subtraction” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. Removal. B. Moderation. C. Refusal. D. Solution.
81. In which situation do people prefer adding?
A. When they are under high pressure. B. When they lack cognitive ability.
C. When they are specially reminded. D. When they are hurried to decide.
82. What were participants required to do in the experiment?
A. Re-shape Lego bricks. B. Take Lego bricks away.
C. Move the Lego structure. D. Stabilize the Lego structure.
83. What is paragraph 4 mainly about?
A. The ways to make additive changes.
B. The effects of taking something away.
C. The reasons for brains preferring addition.
D. The importance of maintaining current status.
22
（2022·河南濮阳·一模）The banded langur or banded leaf monkey is a small black monkey with a white stripe (条纹) on its underside. Once common in the jungles of Singapore, Indonesia and the Malay Peninsula, these langurs are classified as “near threatened” with their numbers decreasing, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List.
For more than a century, scientists considered the monkeys to be a single species, but new research published in Scientific Reports suggests there are actually three different species. And two of the newly found species are critically endangered (严重濒危的).
Raffles banded langurs were found in southern Malaysia and Singapore in 1838 and classified as a species of banded langurs. East Sumatran and Robinson’s banded langurs were found decades later. All three langurs are mostly black with small differences in the locations of their white markings. While studying Raffles banded langurs, scientist Andie Ang suspected the monkeys were a separate species.
“Just looking at the descriptions of it made in the past, it seemed like they were a different species, but I didn’t have any information to support that, ” said Ang, lead author of the study.
Researchers suggest that the new findings show the two newly reclassified species-Raffles banded langurs and East Sumatran banded langurs are critically endangered.
Due to habitat loss, especially from large-scale palm plantations (棕榈种植园)，it’s estimated that there are only about 300 Raffles banded langurs left in the world, including 60 in Singapore. Similarly, the population of East Sumatran banded langurs has decreased by more than 80% over the last three generations since 1989 due to deforestation.
“We want to encourage more research on these totally different species of monkeys in Asia, ” Ang says. “There’s more diversity there than we know of, and if we don’t know about it, we risk losing it. ”
84. What can be inferred about banded langurs?
A. They actually prove to be a single species.
B. All of the three species are very dangerous.
C. One of the species isn’t critically endangered.
D. They all turn out to be huge black monkeys.
85. What was Andie Ang uncertain about Raffles banded langurs at first?
A. Whether they were endangered. B. What he could do to protect them.
C. How biologists should judge them. D. If they belonged to a different species.
86. How does the text mainly show the decrease of banded langur species?
A. By using figures. B. By doing experiments.
C. By making comparisons. D. By mentioning scientists’ words.
87. What is Andie Ang’s suggestion on dealing with monkeys?
A. Setting up more protected areas in Asia. B. Replacing palm plantations with forests.
C. Calling on scientists to ensure its diversity. D. Making efforts to know more about them.
23
（2022·四川宜宾·二模）From tiny hummingbirds (蜂鸟) to giant whooping cranes, roughly half of the world’s more than 10,000 bird species migrate (迁徙). Longer wings and powerful flying muscles often help these birds cross vast expanses of air. But a study of nearly all bird species suggests many migrators share another unexpected flight aid: lighter-colored feathers.
Being a bit more lightly colored than non-migrating birds may help these long-distance fliers stay cool as they work hard under the hot sun to fly, researchers report December 6 in Current Biology.
It’s known that color can help birds hide from predators (捕食者) by blending in, or attract mates by standing out. But color has subtle effects too, including regulating temperature by absorbing or reflecting light, says Kaspar Delhey, an expert at the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology in Germany. For example, bird eggs laid in colder climates tend to be darker, which may help keep them warm. 
Migrating birds push their bodies to the physiological limit, which creates much heat. Some species cope by rising to cooler air during daytime. “If overheating is a problem in migratory birds, another way of dealing with that would be to evolve lighter colors that absorb less heat,” Delhey says.
Delhey and his colleagues analyzed over 20,000 illustrations of 10,618 bird species, ranking feather lightness for each species and comparing that with how far the birds fly. On average, lightness slightly increased with migratory distance, the team found. The longest-distance migrators were about 4 percent lighter than non-migrators, an effect that wasn’t explained by size, climate or habitat type for different species.
“It’s not a big difference,” Delhey says, noting that many migrators are darkly colored, perhaps for reasons unrelated to flight. But the trend was remarkably consistent.“Very different groups with very different biologies show this pattern,” Delhey says.“That surprised us.”
88. Which of the following ignored previously help migratory birds fly?
A. Longer wings. B. Vast expanses of air.
C. Lighter-colored feathers. D. Powerful flying muscles.
89. What does the underlined word “subtle” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Smart. B. Terrible. C. Ambiguous. D. Tender.
90. How do migrating birds deal with overheating in them?
A. By evolving lighter colors. B. By reaching bodies’ limit.
C. By flying higher to the sky. D. By absorbing more lights.
91. What can be inferred from Delhey’s study?
A. 10,618 bird species fly over a long distance altogether.
B. Species of migrating birds’ feathers vary significantly.
C. Migrators with dark feathers are clearly related to flight.
D. Migratory distance can be judged by feathers’ lightness.
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（2022·河南濮阳·一模）For young people with autism（自闭症），growing into adulthood can have its own challenges. But students at the non-profit educational program Exceptional Minds prove that autism can also mean special talents.
Madeline Petti is an example of how Exceptional Minds helps students with autism seek and reach their full potential. "I want the world to know that I like designing things and Exceptional Minds is a great place for me. ” Madeline is part of a new wave of digital effects artists. She is a young, talented student who has autism. She is learning all about the entertainment industry with Exceptional Minds， which provides vocational（职业的） training for young adults with autism.
Madeline has played video games since the 4th grade. She has also always loved watching animated（动画的） shows. But she said she had a torturous time learning in traditional settings. “I get bored easily when I’m just sitting there and people are talking around me. I’m not really personally devoted to the material. When you are not personally devoted, you have to force yourself to stay in the moment and pay attention. If you don’t have the motivation to force yourself, you are pretty much going off into your personal La La Land. ”
Exceptional Minds provided the right kind of learning environment for Madeline. More action, less talking. She said, “I like coming here because it’s so hands-on. We get shown examples or we will follow along with the directions. I guess we are doing more. ”
Ernie Merlan is an EM program director. He said, “The heart of our program is a full time three-year vocational program specifically for the entertainment industry. The program teaches the students not only the technical skills they need but the work readiness skills they need in order to get a job. So we focus on how they look and what their attitude is, and then work place conflict which we all have. ”
92. What can be known about Madeline Petti?
A. She suffers from game addiction. B. She has a talent for digital effects.
C. She is working in a local industry. D. She dislikes designing things now.
93. What does the underlined word "torturous" in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Hard. B. Normal.
C. Long. D. Devoted.
94. How is Exceptional Minds different from traditional programs?
A. It is about entertainment. B. It focuses more on action.
C. It is designed for children. D. It is aimed at active talks.
95. Why are Ernie Merlan’s words mentioned?
A. To show the benefits of his job. B. To tell the program’s challenges.
C. To further introduce the program. D. To stress the influence of attitude.
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（2022·河南新乡·二模）The Comfortable Kitchen: 105 Laid-Back. Healthy.and Wholesome Recipes
Here are healthy meals the whole family can enjoy, night after night.
What does comfort mean in The Comfortable Kitchen? For Alex Snodgrass. New York Times bestselling author of The Defined Dish , bringing her family around the table to share a home-cooked meal is a favorite way to show love Her recipes are designed to bring joy into that display of affection. from your own comfort cooking to your loved ones' delight at the delicious flavors, to knowing that you're caring for your family's nutrition with each bite.
There are plenty of recipes with simple, flexible ingredients for a meal when desired- perfect for people who are enjoying their " food freedom" stage of their health journey. And for those who have diet restrictions, Alex clearly marks each recipe as gluten-free(无麸质), dairy-free and grain-free,as appropriate.
Alex brings back the joy of being in the kitchen for those at all levels of cooking skills and provides food for every occasion. with soups, salads, pasta, vegetarian and non-vegetarian, ranging from one pot meals to not-so-junky junk food-and even cocktails and desserts with recipes including:
▲Cajun Chicken and Wild Rice Soup
▲Green Curry Poached Halibut with Herbs
▲Texas Style Brisket Tacos
▲Herby Green Olive Pasta with Feta
▲Sheet Pan Honey-Sesame Cauliflower
▲Clayton's Margarita
▲7-lngredient Almond Butter Cookies
With 105 approachable and nutritious recipes for real, busy life, The Comfortable Kitchen is a must-have cookbook for everyone who cares about what they eat and what they make.
96. What is the text about?
A. A dessert. B. A cookbook. C. Kitchen facilities. D. Family meals.
97. What can be learnt about The Comfortable Kitchen?
A. It contains many recipes B. It receives many complaints.
C. It can only be bought online. D. It is published by New York Times.
98. Who are most likely to be interested in the text?
A. Cooks. B. Environmentalists. C. Kids. D. Publishers.
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（2022·辽宁大连·模拟预测）Batman may not have any superpowers, but his inspiration certainly does.
More than 1,400 bat species live around the world, except in Antarctica and a few remote islands. Over their 50 million years of evolution, bats have developed clever solutions to life’s challenges, from a built-in sonar (声呐) system for finding food to fast, flexible wings that produce the fastest level-flight speed of any animal on Earth.
“There is still a lot to learn, but it is clear that bats really do have superpowers,” says Rodrigo Medellín, an ecologist. “Bats are showing us how to live a better life, for instance, by serving as models for healthy living and long lives.”
As a general rule in biology, smaller animals have shorter lives than larger ones. But bats are rule breakers: they’re the longest-lived mammals (哺乳动物) relative to their body size. Recently, scientists looked inside bats’ cells for the secrets to their exceptionally long lives. They focused on telomeres (端粒), which are the protective structures found at the ends of chromosomes (染色体). In most animals, telomeres tend to get shorter with age. But the telomeres of the longest-lived group of bats, Myotis, do not appear to shrink (收缩) with age. Understanding why bats live so long may help humans live longer one day.
In addition to living longer, bats remain healthy throughout their lives, with very low risk of developing cancer. Furthermore, bats can carry deadly viruses without getting sick. So further research into their unique immune (免疫的) systems may actually give insight into how people can live with viruses and not get sick.
Beyond their own abilities, bats also support many other parts of their ecosystems. Three out of every four bat species eat insects. Many are pests that cause damage to important agricultural crops, such as cotton. Scientists estimate that insect-eating bats may save U.S. farmers about 1 billion per year. In addition, many bat species help improve plant health and diversity.
“Bats are unsung heroes of biodiversity,” says Medellín. “It’s about time we appreciated them.”
99. What can be learned about bats from the text?
A. They fly the fastest of all land animals.
B. They are at low risk of falling sick with a virus.
C. They live mainly on the islands of Antarctica.
D. They are the longest-lived animals given their size.
100. What did scientists recently find?
A. Animals’ telomeres rarely shrink with age.
B. Myotis’s telomeres do not shorten as they age.
C. Smaller animals usually live shorter lives than larger ones.
D. More research into bat telomeres could help people live more healthily.
101. What is the author’s intention in writing the last paragraph but one?
A. To show what bats feed on.
B. To call on people to protect bats.
C. To explain how bats benefit the farmers.
D. To highlight the importance of bats to the ecosystem.
102. What would be a suitable title for this text?
A. Bats Offer Clues to Treating Diseases
B. How Bats Deal with Life’s Challenges
C. Scientists Unlock the Secrets to Long Lives
D. Why Bats Are Superheroes of the Animal World
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（2022·四川泸州·二模）
Misery by Stephen King (1987)
On my first tour at 23, I bought Misery for one of countless flights. I found myself onstage thinking, occasionally, “This is an enjoyable and exciting experience, but I can’t wait to get back to the hotel to read the next chapter.” The film doesn’t do justice to the original suspense (悬念) of King’s novel. It made me a reader for life.
The Day After Tomorrow by Allan Folsom (2008)
All of Folsom’s novels are worth your time, but his first, which is totally unrelated to the movie of the same name, is the most entertaining work of fiction I know. You’re attracted from the first chapter, taken on a ride of action and passion right to the last jaw-dropping sentence.
As a Man Thinketh by James Allen (1903)
I’ve gifted this to countless friends. A century before Rhonda Byrne’s The Secret came this brilliant exposition of how thoughts influence quality of life. It’s a life-changing 64 pages. I always keep it in my bag when I travel and on my nightstand at home. I consider it my Bible (圣经).
America’s Reluctant Prince by Steven Gillon (2019)
This bio (自传), written by a longtime friend of John F. Kennedy Jr., was a great companion during my tour in 2019. As someone with thorough knowledge of and deep affection for his subject, Gillon skillfully walks the line between exposure and respect.
103. Which book first led the author into the world of reading?
A. Misery. B. The Day After Tomorrow.
C. As a Man Thinketh. D. America’s Reluctant Prince.
104. It can be learned from the text that the author ________ .
A. likes fiction stories most. B. regards The Secret as his Bible.
C. enjoys some reading while traveling. D. hopes to find a companion in his tour.
105. What is the main purpose of the text?
A. To compare several best sellers. B. To share some books worth reading.
C. To explore the value of reading. D. To introduce some famous novelists.
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（2022·云南昆明·一模）Pandas are famously picky eaters. They only consume bamboo — a poor quality diet low in fat. But the creatures appear to have evolved to get the most out of what they do eat, according to a new study.
Their gut (肠道) bacteria change in late spring and early summer when bamboo is at its most nutritious — while protein-rich green shoots are coming out. The bacteria make the panda gain more weight and store more fat, which researchers said may compensate for a lack of nutrients later in the year, when bamboo plants have only fibrous leaves to chew.
“We’ve known these pandas have a different set of gut microbiota during the shoot-eating season for a long time, and it’s very obvious that they are chubbier during this time of the year,” said lead study author Guangping Huang, a researcher for the Institute of Zoology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
To investigate how the gut bacteria could affect a panda’s digestion, the team first collected the wastes of eight wild giant pandas in China’s Qinling Mountains during both leaf eating season and shoot-eating season and then examined how the waste samples differed. They found a bacterium called Clostridium butyricum was more abundant in the pandas’ guts during the season when they enjoy the fresh bamboo shoots.
To understand whether this bacterium helps the pandas gain and store weight, the researchers put the panda wastes they collected into lab mice. Then they fed the mice for three weeks with a bamboo-based diet that simulated (模仿) what pandas eat. Researchers found the mice which were transplanted with panda wastes collected during shoot-eating season gained significantly more weight than the ones which were not, despite consuming same amount of food.
“The gut bacteria were the only variable (变量) in this research,” Wei explained. However, Felix Sommer at Christian-Albrechts-University in Kiel, Germany, noted the number of pandas studied was small and that the experiment had only been performed once. Sommer also stressed the researchers had found a link, not a causal relationship between the bacteria and weight gain.
106. When do pandas get more weight with the change of their gut bacteria?
A. In late spring. B. In late summer. C. In early autumn. D. In early winter.
107. What does the underlined word “chubbier” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Smaller. B. Slimmer. C. Taller. D. Fatter.
108. What can we learn from the experiment on mice?
A. The experiment lasted for less than three weeks. B. Researchers collected bacteria from the lab mice.
C. Panda wastes have a vital effect on mice’s weight. D. Different amounts of food led to an increase in weight.
109. What is the best title for the text?
A. Studies on Eating Habits of Pandas B. Functions of Pandas’ Gut Bacteria
C. Characteristics of Pandas’ Daily Diet D. Arguments over Pandas’ Digestion System
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（2022·河南新乡·二模）Unlike human students, computers don't seem to get bored or frustrated when a lesson is too easy or too hard. But just like humans, they do better when a lesson plan is just right for their level of skill. Coming up with the right curriculum isn't easy, though, so computer scientists wondered what if they could make machines design their own?
That's what researchers have done in several new studies to create artificial intelligence (AI) that can figure out how best to teach itself. The work could speed learning in self-driving cars and household robots, and it might even help handle previously unsolvable math problems. In one of the new experiments, an Al program tries to quickly reach a destination by navigating a 2D grid (网格) populated with solid blocks. The"agent" improves its abilities through a process called reinforcement learning, a kind of trial and error.
To help it navigate increasingly complex worlds, the researchers considered two ways in which it could draw the maps. One method randomly distributed blocks; with it, the Al didn't learn much. Another method remembered what the AI had struggled with in the past, and maximized difficulty accordingly. But that made the worlds too hard and sometimes even impossible to complete.
So the scientists created a setting, using a new approach they called PAIRED. First, they coupled their Al with a nearly identical one, which they called the antagonist (敌手). Then, they had a third AI design the world that was easy for the antagonist-but hard for the original protagonist (主角). That kept the tasks just at the edge of the protagonist's ability to solve. The designer used a neural network to learn its task over many trials. After training, the protagonist solved the problems offered to it successfully. The PAIRED approach is a clever way to get Al to learn, says Bart Selman, a computer scientist at Cornell University and president of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence.
110. Which of the following is a problem for computer scientists?
A. Designing a suitable lesson plan for computers.
B. Asking human students to be active in a lesson.
C. Helping students to work out their owe curriculum.
D. Improving human students' computer skills quickly.
111. What did the two ways used by the researchers have in common?
A. They were practical for the Al research. B. They both had their own weakness.
C. They were too hard for the AI to teach itself. D. They both made the AI struggle with the past.
112. What does Bart Selman think of the PAIRED approach?
A. Difficult B. Simple. C. Promising D. Useless
113. What is the best title for the text?
A. The Application of Artificial Intelligence B. The Impact of Artificial Intelligence
C. Artificial Intelligence Researches Navigation for Self-driving D. Artificial Intelligence Designs Lesson Plans for Itself
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（2022·河南新乡·二模）International Women's Day is March 8. The first celebration was held in 1911, and the event was recognized by the United Nations starting in 1975.
It's a great time to think about the origin of the word "woman". Some people think the word “woman" is a compound(混合)of the words“womb”and“man". Not so. Rather,it's a compound of "wife" and "man", a combination that can be traced back to Old English. You see, when Old English was first being spoken in the 5th century AD, there were two distinct words for men and women: "wer" meant "adult male",and "wif” meant “adult female". There was a third word,“man", which simply meant "person"or "human being”. These words could be combined:“wer" plus“man"(in the form of "waepman")meant "adult male person" and“wif” plus"man”("wilman") meant “adult female person”.
Those middle forms,“wimnan"and "wommon"with the two M's in the middle, remind me of Noah Webster's efforts to simplify English spelling by suggesting changing the spelling "woman” to“wimmen" to have the spelling better match the pronunciation. He put that in his 1806 Compendious Dictionary o f the English Language, but it didn't become popular.
And the Old English word for "adult male" evolved into a simplified form. The compound word "weapman" melted into the simple word we use today: "man".
Maybe the lesson to take from all this is that the role of women in society has always been complex. Whatever the case, the word "woman" today was originally a compound of the Old English words for"woman” and “human being”.
114. Where can you find the first source of the word "woman"?
A. In paragraph 1. B. In paragraph 2. C. In paragraph 3. D. In paragraph 4.
115. Why did Webster suggest changing the spelling "woman" to "wimmen"?
A. To link the spelling to the pronunciation.
B. To keep up with the times more closely.
C. To satisfy the readers’ requests
D. To make it easy to pronounce.
116. When did the spelling "woman" started?
A. By the 1600s. B. In the 5th century AD,
C. In 1809. D. By the Middle English period
117. What is the purpose of the author in writing the text?
A. To tell us the origin of Women's Day.
B. To tell us the history of the word "woman".
C. To stress the roles women are playing
D. To teach us the development of a language