跟踪练07+阅读理解议论文30篇1-冲刺2022年高考英语之名校阅读理解试题跟踪练(通用版)

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冲刺2022年高考英语之名校阅读理解试题跟踪练(通用版)07
阅读理解议论文30篇1
1
（2022·北京西城·一模）One question every coach has beard in their coaching career is this.
“Why isn’t my kid playing?”
The stupidity of many “win-at-all-cost” coaches in youth sports is neatly matched by that of “play-my-kid-or-else” parents at the high-school level.
When the games start to count, the main reason why your kid isn’t playing is simple:
“They’re just not good enough.”
“He/she just isn’t fast enough.”
“He/she just isn’t strong enough.”
Good coaches, however, are not usually that blunt. They are very skillful in not telling what you and I would consider the “truth”. The thing is that many kids know what they’re good at, and what they’re not good at. When it comes to football, for instance, most of the middle-schoolers or freshmen already know the one or two kids who are good enough to play on the varsity team or to catch the eye of a college admissions officer. Their parents do not.
The rest play because they enjoy it, need the discipline, want to belong to a team, have dreamed of it since they were five or six, are trying to make their parents happy, need a varsity sport on their college application, or some combination of the factors above. Some of them don’t possess much athletic skill, but make up for it by practicing, by getting stronger and quicker, and with on-field effort.
Far too many children today are living in a world where they never learn “no”. They don’t know how to handle disappointment and failure. Nor do they know how to react and move on when they don’t get their own way.
It’s awful when your kid isn't playing. Been there, done that. No reasonable parent wants to see their child hurt. But no one escapes this life unhurt, emotionally if not physically. When these kids move on in life, they arc going to get rejected when they apply for college, fail to get the job they want, and taste failure and disappointment on multiple fronts.
Coaches should try to make sure everyone gets some playing time. But that should never come at the expense of other kids who arc more talented, try harder or spend more time practicing. No child should ever go out for any team thinking they’re going to be guaranteed a spot or playing time, no matter how loudly their parents complain.
In that sense, sports are a true mirror of life. No one is guaranteed “playing” time in life. For the most part, hard work, effort, planning and desire is rewarded. The benefits can be wonderful. But it’s good to be prepared when it doesn't work out that way.
1. What does the underlined word “blunt” probably mean?
A. Impatient. B. Annoying. C. Direct. D. Serious.
2. The author believes that ______.
A. kids should learn how to face rejection in their life
B. people can live a life without being emotionally hurt
C. parents must help kids escape disappointment and failure
D. coaches need to ensure every student gets enough playing time
3. What probably motivated the author to write this passage?
A. Coaches’ mistaken beliefs about varsity teams.
B. Parents’ unrealistic views of kids’ playing time.
C. Children’s ignorance of the meaning of sports and life,
D. The public’s doubts about why kids need to play sports.
【答案与解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要就父母对于孩子不参与游戏的错误观点发表了自己的看法，作者认为，孩子在生活中应该学会如何面对拒绝，不应该以为父母的抱怨就能为自己在场上争得一席之地。
1. 词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“They are very skillful in not telling what you and I would consider the “truth”.(他们非常善于隐瞒你我认为的“真相”)”可知，好的教练善于隐瞒真相，即不会那么直接。故画线词意思是“直接的”。A. Impatient.无耐心的；B. Annoying.烦人的；C. Direct.直接的；D. Serious.严肃的。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“Far too many children today are living in a world where they never learn “no”. They don’t know how to handle disappointment and failure. Nor do they know how to react and move on when they don’t get their own way.(今天，有太多的孩子生活在一个永远不会说“不”的世界里。他们不知道如何处理失望和失败。他们也不知道当他们没有得到自己的方式时，该如何反应和继续前进)”以及倒数第三段中“But no one escapes this life unhurt, emotionally if not physically. When these kids move on in life, they arc going to get rejected when they apply for college, fail to get the job they want, and taste failure and disappointment on multiple fronts.(但没有人能在生活中不受伤害，即使身体上不受伤害。当这些孩子在生活中继续前行时，他们会在申请大学时被拒绝，得不到他们想要的工作，并在多个方面尝到失败和失望的滋味)”可知，作者认为，孩子在生活中应该学会如何面对拒绝。故选A。
3. 推理判断题。根据第三段“The stupidity of many “win-at-all-cost” coaches in youth sports is neatly matched by that of “play-my-kid-or-else” parents at the high-school level.(在青少年体育运动中，许多“不惜一切代价取胜”的教练的愚蠢与高中阶段“孩子必须参与”的父母的愚蠢完全一致)”结合文章主要就父母对于孩子不参与游戏的错误观点发表了自己的看法，作者认为，孩子在生活中应该学会如何面对拒绝，不应该以为父母的抱怨就能为自己在场上争得一席之地。可推知，作者写这篇文章的动机可能是父母对孩子玩耍时间的不现实的看法。故选B。
2
（2022·天津和平·一模）Many years ago, I bumped into an old friend of mine. He had devoted his life to acting but had never been quite successful. In his middle age, he seemed defeated and sad.
I thought of his dogged (顽强的) perseverance. Was it smart or foolish? What could he have achieved? Had he quit his dream of acting and moved on? Our culture does not look kindly upon quitting. Failure is perfectly acceptable as long as it eventually results in success.
We chant (反复喊着) “Winners never quit” and “If at first you don’t succeed, try again. ” We lap up (欣然接受) stories of persistence, of the author who submitted stories for years before her novels were published or of the athlete who trained since childhood to win gold at the Olympics.
Persistence pays off when it is rewarded with success, but it does not reward every person. For every JK Rowling, there are thousands of aspiring writers who will never get published. For every Olympic athlete, there are innumerable (无数的) others who trained every day of their lives and never made the cut.
We all agree that doing the same things and expecting a different result is unwise. So why do we believe that persevering through failure after failure is a good idea? We consider quitting in the face of failure to be weak. We believe that perseverance is the key to success. Perseverance is only one part of success. You need talent or skill, as well as passion and drive. Luck and timing are also key to any great success.
Our society believes that anything is possible, as long as you “believe”. But not everyone can make it. Quitting when you’ re not ahead is sometimes the smartest thing to do. Obviously, if you enjoy a pursuit, regardless of its outcome, you should continue. If you knew your novel would never be published, would you want to write? If you could never be a champion swimmer, would you still train? Sometimes, it is wise to put your energy into something else.
Failure is not always the path to success. Sometimes, failure is the door to something new.
4. What do we know about the author’s old friend?
A. He was dissatisfied with his acting performance.
B. He switched his dream of acting to something else.
C. He failed in acting because of a lack of persistence.
D. He failed in all attempts to become a successful actor.
5. The author mentioned JK Rowling mainly to ______.
A. explain how she achieved success in writing
B. show that success doesn’t happen to everyone
C. prove that success favors those who are perseverant
D. encourage readers to hold onto their dream until they succeed
6. What is the meaning of the underlined phrase in paragraph 4?
A. Made out of their dreams.
B. Met the required standard.
C. Improved their performances.
D. Promised to be good players.
7. What does the author advise us to do if we’ve failed many times?
A. Make an effort to try new things.
B. Stick to your goal until we succeed.
C. Wait for the right time and good luck.
D. Ask friends or family members for help.
8. What is the author’s attitude toward perseverance?
A. It makes anything possible.
B. It is not necessary for success.
C. It is not the only part of success.
D. It works well regards of outcome.
【答案与解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是当屡试屡败的时候放弃，转向其他事物也是明智的。
4. 细节理解题。根据第一段的“He had devoted his life to acting but had never been quite successful. In his middle age, he seemed defeated and sad.(他把一生都献给了表演，但从未获得过成功。在他的中年，他似乎失败和悲伤。)”可知，作者的老朋友想成为一名成功的演员的一切努力都失败了。故选D。
5. 推理判断题。根据第四段的“Persistence pays off when it is rewarded with success, but it does not reward every person. For every JK Rowling, there are thousands of aspiring writers who will never get published.(坚持会得到成功的回报，但这并不会回报每一个人。对于每一个JK罗琳来说，都有成千上万的有抱负的作家永远无法出版自己的作品。)”可知，作者提到JK罗琳主要是表明成功是不会发生在每个人身上的，故选B。
6. 词句猜测题。根据第四段的“Persistence pays off when it is rewarded with success, but it does not reward every person.(坚持会得到成功的回报，但这并不会回报每一个人。)”和“For every Olympic athlete, there are innumerable (无数的) others who trained every day of their lives and never(对于每一个奥林匹克运动员来说，都有无数的人每天训练，却从不)”可知，本段主要讲的是不是每个人都会成功，因此划线短语所在句子的意思是“虽然无数的奥林匹克运动员每天训练，但是却不成功”，也就是不一定会达到奥会员的标准，划线短语的意思是“符合要求的标准”，即Met the required standard，故选B。
7. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Quitting when you’ re not ahead is sometimes the smartest thing to do.(当你没有领先的时候放弃有时候是最聪明的做法。)”和“Sometimes, it is wise to put your energy into something else.(有时候，把你的精力放在其他事情上是明智的。)”可知，如果我们失败了很多次，作者建议我们努力尝试新事物。故选A。
8. 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“Perseverance is only one part of success. You need talent or skill, as well as passion and drive. Luck and timing are also key to any great success.(坚持不懈只是成功的一部分。你需要天赋或技能，以及激情和动力。运气和时机也是任何伟大成功的关键。)”可知，作者对坚持不懈的态度是坚持不懈不是成功的唯一的一部分，还需要天赋或技能，激情和动力以及运气和时机，故选C。
3
（2022·上海市第二中学模拟预测）Koko the gorilla knew over 1,000 signs based on American Sign Language, and used them to do everything from asking for food to joking around. Her trainer and long-term companion, Penny Patterson, thought Koko went further still, signing in novel ways and showing complex emotions. According to Ms Patterson, when a cat that Koko loved was killed in an accident, Koko signed: “Cat, cry, have-sorry, Koko-love.” When Koko died last month, some of her obituaries (讣告) mourned the gorilla who had “mastered American sign language.”
Then came the backlash, from linguists and experts in sign languages. Sign languages have complex grammars, equivalent to spoken tongues in expressiveness. Koko’s ability, it was pointed out, fell well short of a fluent human signer. Moreover, Ms Patterson was her interpreter, a role that invited the question of how much she was inferring what Koko “must have meant,” and explaining away random signs. It was hard to be sure: Ms Patterson preferred speaking to journalists over sharing her video and raw data about Koko with fellow researchers.
There is no doubt that animals communicate. Animals from one region can share sounds that differ from groups in another, leading researchers to talk of animal “dialects.” Then there are the remarkable achievements of Koko and her primate predecessors, including a chimp delightfully named Nim Chimpsky. Yet there is an important distinction between communication and language. Take the misleading term “body language.” It is sometimes claimed that words convey just 7% of meaning, and that body language and tone of voice do the rest. This wildly overstretches an old study which found that most emotional messaging — as opposed to the propositional kind — comes from tone and body language, especially when a neutral word such as “maybe” was used. But try conveying a fact like “It will rain on Tuesday” with your eyebrows, and the difference becomes clear. Language allows for clear statements, questions and commands.
Nim Chimpsky’s near-namesake, Noam Chomsky, has argued that people have a kind of “universal grammar”, and that all humankind’s languages are mere variations on a theme. Mr Chomsky has changed his mind repeatedly on what constitutes the core of human language, but one obvious candidate is syntax — rules, not just words, which allow the construction of a huge variety of meaningful utterances (所说的话). This capacity may even be infinite. Any statement in English, for example, can be made longer by adding “He said that …” at the beginning. This property is called recursion: a simple statement (“It’s cold”) is embedded in a more complicated one (“He said that it’s cold”). Human syntax also allows for hypotheticals (“If she hadn’t arrived …”), talking precisely about events distant from the present, and so much more.
That gorillas lack syntax should not blind humans to their magnificence. But the fact that Koko could communicate should not mislead observers into thinking she possessed language.
9. Which statement about KOKO the gorilla is true?
A. Koko’s ability was similar to a fluent human signer.
B. Koko could ask for food using sign language.
C. Koko was able to show complex feelings using sign language.
D. Koko was killed in an accident.
10. The underlined word in paragraph two is closest in meaning to “______.”
A. approval B. bias C. opposition D. evidence
11. Linguists and sign language experts doubted Koko’s mastery of American sign language because ______.
A. Koko was not as expressive as a human signer
B. Koko seldom needed an interpreter
C. Koko was able to communicate with journalists
D. Koko failed to speak several animal “dialects”
12. Which of the following statements would the author probably disagree with?
A. Humans can express past events using language while apes cannot.
B. Tone and body language play a dominant role in human communication.
C. Words enable humans to convey clear meanings.
D. Gorillas are still magnificent in terms of their ability to communicate.
13. Which might be the best title for the article?
A. Nim Chimpsky and Noam Chomsky — Who Has the Upper Hand?
B. Syntax — What Separates Humans and Apes.
C. Koko the Gorilla — A Magnificent Communicator.
D. Great Apes — Language and Communication Are Not the Same Thing.
【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章对大猩猩Koko是否真正掌握美国手语这个问题，语言学家和手语专家提出了强烈反对意见，他们指出：动物是会交流的。 但是，沟通和语言之间有一个重要的区别。作者认为对于人类来说，语言更能做出清晰的陈述、提问和命令。
9. 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Koko the gorilla knew over 1,000 signs based on American Sign Language, and used them to do everything from asking for food to joking around.(大猩猩科科知道超过1000种基于美国手语的手语，并利用它们做从索要食物到开玩笑的一切事情。)”可知，Koko通过美国手语可以作一切事情，包括索要食物。故选B项。
10. 词句猜测题。根据上文“When Koko died last month, some of her obituaries (讣告) mourned the gorilla who had ‘mastered American sign language.’(科科上个月去世时，她的一些讣告哀悼了这只‘掌握了美国手语’的大猩猩。)”，划线词所在句子“Then came the backlash, from linguists and experts in sign languages.(然后，来自语言学家和手语专家的backlash出现了)”，根据下文“Koko’s ability, it was pointed out, fell well short of a fluent human signer. Moreover, Ms Patterson was her interpreter, a role that invited the question of how much she was inferring what Koko ‘must have meant,’ and explaining away random signs. (有人指出，科科的能力远远达不到流利的人类手语。此外，帕特森还是她的翻译，这一角色让人不禁质疑，她在多大程度上推断了koko‘一定意味着什么’，并通过解释消除随机的信号。)”可知，下文都是对Koko能力的质疑声，语言学家和手语专家强力反对讣告上的关于Koko能力的陈述。所以划线词backlash意为“强烈反对”。A.approval批准，赞成；B.bias偏见，成见；C.opposition（强烈的）反对，反抗；D.evidence证据，证词。backlash与C项意思相近，故选C项。
11. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Koko’s ability, it was pointed out, fell well short of a fluent human signer. (有人指出，Koko的能力远远达不到流利的人类手语)”可知，语言学家和手语专家怀疑科科对美国手语的掌握程度是因为科科的手语还不能像人类手语者那么流利。故选A项。
12. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Take the misleading term ‘body language.’ It is sometimes claimed that words convey just 7% of meaning, and that body language and tone of voice do the rest. .... But try conveying a fact like ‘It will rain on Tuesday’ with your eyebrows, and the difference becomes clear. Language allows for clear statements, questions and commands.(以具有误导性的‘肢体语言’为例。有时人们声称，语言只传达了7%的意思，其余的都是肢体语言和语调。……但是试着用眉毛表达一个事实，比如‘周二会下雨’，那么区别就会很明显了。语言允许清晰的陈述、提问和命令。)”可知，作者对于“声调和肢体语言在人类交际中起着主导作用”这一说法持反对意见。故选B项。
13. 主旨大意题。通读全文，文章以一个会用美国手语交流的大猩猩引出话题，引发语言学家和手语专家对Koko和她的灵长类祖先，包括一个叫Nim Chimpsky的大猩猩的交流能力提出质疑。作者引用了Noam Chomsky的理论来否定大猩猩已经掌握了美国手语的说法。在大猩猩Koko是否流利掌握了美国手语这个问题上，文章中出现了两派，A项“Nim Chimpsky and Noam Chomsky — Who Has the Upper Hand?(尼姆·猩姆斯基和诺姆·乔姆斯基——谁占了上风?)”比较贴合文章主旨内容，适合作为文章标题。故选A项。
4
（2022·海南·模拟预测）Our screens give out all kinds of light, especially blue light. Blue light, the argument goes, can affect your eye health, your sleeping patterns, and your health. Blue light glasses—technically they should be called “blue light blocking glasses”—filter out blue light, letting in the other wavelengths of light, thus theoretically reducing the danger that blue light presents. Blue light glasses are designed to reduce what’s known as digital eye strain (疲劳), or DES. There are many symptoms associated with DES, including headaches, dry eyes, and unclear vision.
How effective are blue light glasses? We’ll start with the bad news: there is no evidence that blue light glasses have any effect on eye strain from digital screens. In fact, one British glasses dealer was actually fined for indicating that blue light glasses can protect against DES, given that there’s no scientific evidence of this. What’s more likely is that DES is caused by overuse, or misuse of eyes. After all, the sun is a substantially more powerful provider of blue light than our screens, and it has been decidedly proved that DES isn’t associated with the sun at all. The general agreement is that DES is caused by spending too long, staring too hard, and sitting too close to our screens. Health experts generally recommend taking breaks to prevent DES, rather than relying on blue light glasses.
But there is one thing that blue light glasses might help with. Some studies have indicated that blue light can be bad for our circadian rhythms (生理节奏). In other words, exposure to blue light could make it harder to fall asleep. There haven’t been enough studies to tell if blue light glasses, worn for a few hours before bed, could help you sleep better, but it’s not out of the question.
That said, there are interesting reports of people loving their blue light glasses. Even if it’s just the placebo (安慰剂) effect, well, that can be incredibly powerful, and if it works on you, keep doing it.
14. What does the underlined part “filter out” in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Appear or happen gradually. B. Remove something particular.
C. Bring something into existence. D. Tell something apart from others.
15. What is DES likely caused by?
A. The blinding sun light. B. Unfit and cheap glasses.
C. Improper use of eyes. D. All kinds of natural blue light.
16. What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about blue light glasses?
A. They may be good for sleep. B. They can excite people.
C. They can help with nothing. D. They are bad for circadian rhythms.
17. What is the author’s attitude to blue light glasses?
A. Intolerant. B. Optimistic.
C. Objective. D. Conservative.
【答案与解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是防蓝光眼镜对缓解数字屏幕造成的眼睛疲劳是否真的有用。
14. 词句猜测题。根据划线短语前面的“Blue light glasses—technically they should be called “blue light blocking glasses””(蓝光眼镜——严格来说，它们应该被称为“蓝光阻挡眼镜”)”和划线短语后面的“letting in the other wavelengths of light(让其他波长的光进入)”可知，蓝光眼镜可以过滤掉蓝光，因此划线短语意为“过滤”。故选B。
15. 细节理解题。根据第二段的“What’s more likely is that DES is caused by overuse, or misuse of eyes. After all, the sun is a substantially more powerful provider of blue light than our screens(更有可能的是DES是由过度使用或误用眼睛引起的。毕竟，太阳提供的蓝光比我们的屏幕要强大得多)”可知，数字眼疲劳是由使用屏幕时错误的用眼习惯造成的。故选C。
16. 主旨大意题。通读第三段内容且根据第三段的“There haven’t been enough studies to tell if blue light glasses, worn for a few hours before bed, could help you sleep better, but it’s not out of the question.(还没有足够的研究来证明睡前戴上几个小时的蓝光眼镜是否能帮助你睡得更好，但这不是不可能的。)”可知，本段主要讲述蓝光眼镜可能会对睡眠有帮助。故选A。
17. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“We’ll start with the bad news: there is no evidence that blue light glasses have any effect on eye strain from digital screens.(我们先从坏消息说起:没有证据表明蓝光眼镜对数字屏幕造成的眼睛疲劳有任何影响。)”及最后一段的“Even if it’s just the placebo (安慰剂) effect, well, that can be incredibly powerful, and if it works on you, keep doing it.(即使只是安慰剂效应，那也会非常有效，如果对你有效，那就坚持下去。)”可知，作者既陈述了蓝光眼镜可能真的没什么用，但是也认为如果自己觉得有用也可以继续戴，因此作者对于蓝光眼镜持客观的态度。故选C。
5
（2022·广东·汕头市聿怀中学模拟预测）Integrity is the quality of being honest and strong about what you believe to be right. The concept of integrity has played a key role in moral philosophy throughout history and is promoted in all societies because of its importance to social relations. Individual integrity is vital to society, one that enables people to make use of their capacity for critical reflection, does not force people to take up particular roles and does not encourage individuals to betray each other. Besides, societies can be favorable to the development of individual integrity.
Individual integrity can lift up the spirits of the entire society. It can shape the lives of people living in a particular society, the lives of all fellow people and, in its broadest sense, even the destiny of a nation. By contrast, if those living in the society are corrupt, it could have bad effects, jeopardizing the healthy morality of the society.
On the other hand, a society can be favorable to the development of individual integrity. Society expects and requires integrity. A society consisting of people of integrity, and people who never compromise on their principles, could have a positive mark on the personal development on its members. Being a part of such a morally lively community could serve as a basis for absorbing traits of good character. This could be of a distinct advantage to any individuals in the society.
Nonetheless, some social structures are of the wrong sort for some individuals to pursue integrity. If that is the case, we have to ask questions about the moral nature of society first before raising questions about individual integrity. Questions about integrity may turn out to be about what kind of society it is, rather than about the relationship between individual interests and characteristics of a society. The pursuit of adequate individual integrity often depends, not so much on understanding who one is and what one believes and is committed to, but rather understanding what one’s society is and imagining what it could be.
Under no circumstances can we underestimate the importance of human integrity in a society. People, who are honest, trustworthy, compassionate and caring, are the factors decisive in the growth of individuals as well as the development of a society.
18. Individual integrity has been valued in society because ______.
A. it helps develop philosophy B. it is crucial to social relations
C. it is the basis of critical thinking D. it ensures people’s particular roles
19. The underlined word “jeopardizing” in Paragraph 2 probably means “______”.
A. strengthening B. assessing
C. influencing D. destroying
20. What does the author believe according to the passage?
A. Individual integrity relies on what one has faith in.
B. The pursuit of individual integrity changes with time.
C. The nature of society is decided by economic development.
D. Social structures guide the formation of individual integrity.
21. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?
CP: Central Point          P: Point            Sp: Sub-point             C: Conclusion
A. B.
C. D.
【答案与解析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了诚信对个人和社会的重要性以及社会对个人诚信的影响。
18. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Individual integrity is vital to society, one that enables people to make use of their capacity for critical reflection, does not force people to take up particular roles and does not encourage individuals to betray each other.”（个人诚信对社会至关重要，它使人们能够利用自己的批判性反思能力，不强迫人们扮演特定角色，也不鼓励个人背叛彼此）可知，个人诚信对社会是至关重要的，故选B。
19. 词义猜测题。根据划线词前的“By contrast, if those living in the society are corrupt, it could have bad effects,”可知，相反，如果生活在社会中的人是腐败的，就会有不良的影响，进而危害社会的健康道德，由此可知，划线词词义为“危害、破坏”，故选D。
20. 细节理解题。根据第三段“On the other hand, a society can be favorable to the development of individual integrity. Society expects and requires integrity. A society consisting of people of integrity, and people who never compromise on their principles, could have a positive mark on the personal development on its members.”（另一方面，一个社会可以有利于个人诚信的发展。社会期望并要求诚信。一个由诚信的人和从不在原则上妥协的人组成的社会，可能会在其成员的个人发展上留下积极的印记）可知，社会结构引导个人诚信的形成，故选D。
21. 推理判断题。根据文章第一句“Integrity is the quality of being honest and strong about what you believe to be right.”（诚信是诚实和坚强的品质并让你坚持你认为是正确的东西）；第一段“Individual integrity is vital to society, one that enables people to make use of their capacity for critical reflection, does not force people to take up particular roles and does not encourage individuals to betray each other.”（个人诚信对社会至关重要，它使人们能够利用自己的批判性反思能力，不强迫人们扮演特定角色，也不鼓励个人背叛彼此）；第二段“Individual integrity can lift up the spirits of the entire society.”（个人诚信可以振奋整个社会的精神）；第三段“On the other hand, a society can be favorable to the development of individual integrity.”（另一方面，社会可能有利于个人诚信的发展）；第四段“Nonetheless, some social structures are of the wrong sort for some individuals to pursue integrity.”（尽管如此，一些社会结构对于一些追求诚信的人来说是错误的）以及最后一段“Under no circumstances can we underestimate the importance of human integrity in a society.”（在任何情况下，我们都不能低估一个人的诚信在社会中的重要性）可知文章是总分总的结构展开的，即：文章第一句话总说，第一、二、三、四段从两方面分说（一、二段是个人诚信影响社会的分论点；三、四段是社会影响诚信的分论点），最后一段是结论，故选A。
6
（2022·江苏连云港·二模）In the forest, trees often give each other space to reach for the sky,a habit that humans can learn from when it comes to setting personal boundaries.
Next time you go for a walk in a forest or woodland take a moment to look above you. You might find that the crown(树冠）resembles a breathtaking umbrella with channel-like gaps between the tops of the trees. This phenomenon has been documented worldwide since the 1920s, and is called “crown shyness”. It happens when trees appear to give each other space.
Even when trees grow close together, they show a mutual (相互的）respect and offer benefits. This is true in the case of “married” trees -where a tree intertwines（缠绕）with one resistant to disease, it shares the advantages of its friend. Maintaining healthy boundaries help trees to maintain good health, manage resources and protect the forest as a whole.
When humans fail to respect boundaries, the emotional and physical resources of individuals,and the community can be affected. In this sense, a boundary is a conceptual border. It helps to establish where you end and other people begin. It means taking responsibility for only your own emotions and actions, not other people’s. You could think of your boundaries as a moat (护城河）around your castle, complete with a drawbridge that can be lowered or raised. As the gatekeeper of your castle, you decide who and what comes in and when.
Of course, marking out boundaries takes time, and some people might be unhappy about any changes you make. Establishing a clear line between you and the rest of the world, however, is essential for building the self-worth and self-care needed to function at your best in relationships.
22. What is “crown shyness”?
A. A crown with channel-like gaps.
B. A forest with umbrella-shaped crowns.
C. A behavior that trees give each other space.
D. A phenomenon that trees compete for space.
23. How does the author develop Paragraph 3?
A. By telling a story.
B. By giving an example.
C. By defining a concept.
D. By making a comparison.
24. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A. The effects of ignoring boundaries.
B. The meaning of taking responsibilities.
C. The importance of setting personal boundaries.
D. The methods of managing individual resources.
25. What is the author’s attitude to marking out a boundary?
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant.
C. Doubtful. D. Conservative.
【答案与解析】本文是议论文。文章主要讲述人与人之间要建立界限。
22. 推理判断题。根据第二段“You might find that the crown(树冠）resembles a breathtaking umbrella with channel-like gaps between the tops of the trees. This phenomenon has been documented worldwide since the 1920s, and is called “crown shyness”. It happens when trees appear to give each other space.”(你可能会发现王冠就像一把令人窒息的伞，在树顶之间有沟壑状的缝隙。自20世纪20年代以来，这种现象在世界范围内都有记录，被称为“王冠性羞怯”。当树木互相给予空间时就会发生这种情况。)可知，“crown shyness”是树木在生长过程中的相互给与对方空间的行为。故选C。
23. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Even when trees grow close together, they show a mutual (相互的）respect and offer benefits. This is true in the case of “married” trees -where a tree intertwines（缠绕）with one resistant to disease, it shares the advantages of its friend. Maintaining healthy boundaries help trees to maintain good health, manage resources and protect the forest as a whole.”(即使当树木紧密地生长在一起时，它们也表现出对生物的尊重和好处。“已婚”的树就是这样——一棵树与一棵抗病树缠结在一起，它就分享了它的朋友的优势。保持健康的边界有助于树木保持良好的健康，管理资源和保护整个森林。)可知，这一段通过用“已婚”的树做例子来证明即使当树木紧密地生长在一起时，它们也表现出对生物的尊重和好处。故选B。
24. 主旨大意题。根据第四段“When humans fail to respect boundaries, the emotional and physical resources of individuals, and the community can be affected. In this sense, a boundary is a conceptual border. It helps to establish where you end and other people begin. It means taking responsibility for only your own emotions and actions, not other people’s. You could think of your boundaries as a moat (护城河）around your castle, complete with a drawbridge that can be lowered or raised. As the gatekeeper of your castle, you decide who and what comes in and when.”(当人类不尊重界限时，个人的情感和物质资源，以及社区都会受到影响。在这个意义上，边界是一个概念上的边界。它有助于建立你的结束和其他人的开始。这意味着只对自己的情绪和行为负责，而不是别人的。你可以把你的边界想象成城堡周围的护城河，有一座吊桥可以升降。作为你城堡的守门人，你决定谁进来，什么时候进来。)可知，这一段主要陈述建立边界的重要性体现。故选C。
25. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Of course, marking out boundaries takes time, and some people might be unhappy about any changes you make. Establishing a clear line between you and the rest of the world, however, is essential for building the self-worth and self-care needed to function at your best in relationships.”(当然，划清界限需要时间，有些人可能会对你做的任何改变感到不满。然而，在你和世界其他地方之间建立一条清晰的界线，对于建立自我价值和自我照顾是必不可少的，这些都是你在人际关系中处于最佳状态所必需的。)可知，作者对于人与人之间划清界限是支持的态度。故选A。
7
2022·北京房山·一模）There should be no doubt in anyone’s mind that the influence of media is growing stronger and stronger as time passes. If you have noticed, the speed at which news travels around the world has become faster with the development and advancement in technology Media are actually influencing people in different ways.
Whether you admit it or not, watching movies and programs on the television or our laptop. ipad and other mobile devices as we relax takes us away into this different kingdom—that is, there are parts in our being that feels we are the ones in the movie and sometimes we even feel what they are feeling as we get caught in the emotional excitement. The effect of media does not stop when the movie or program ends. And this effect might just be the cause of behavioral changes in people.
With action films, children tend to follow the movie hero, engaging them to violent acts thinking that it is acceptable because his hero became successful in the end. There are cartoon programs that show acts of violence and dishonest acts against others. In return, children tend to copy the characters and think that cheating other people is a way to deal with their problems. They learn to transfer these ill behaviors to friends.
There are some television shows and movies that attempt to create an atmosphere to change the view of people towards social issues such as racial discrimination. In the minds of other people, the effect can be for the better, but some unfortunately for the worse.
There had been instances in the past that young people drunk driving imitating their favorite actress. There was also a case where somebody set a subway ticket booth on fire because he saw it in his favorite film. These are just a few examples of the disturbing influence of media on people’s behavior.
An explanation to these bad acts is that these people could not distinguish fantasy from reality. They get caught up in the kingdom of what they had been watching and the images and scenes become deeply rooted in their minds.
So the media is largely responsible for giving people false ideas and unhealthy pictures, which lead to misbehavior against other people, and can create a dangerous cycle among individuals as they attempt to do the same or even worse things to others. The sad reality is, no one is tuning off their televisions or disconnecting from these influences. The only way programming of this sort will change is when people no longer buy into it, demand it, and watch it.
26. What does the author want to tell us in Paragraph 2?
A. What it is that changes our emotion.
B. How media affect people's behavior.
C. Why we are attracted by movies and programs.
D. Whether people feel being taken away from the reality.
27. According to the author, some people act badly because________.
A. they are just the violent people
B. they hope to solve social problems
C. they actually can’t tell fantasy from reality
D. they want to change people’s attitudes towards media
28. What’s the author’s attitude towards media?
A. Sympathetic. B. Critical. C. Supportive. D. Cautious.
29. The author supports his ideas mainly by________.
A. making contrasts and giving examples
B. listing facts and giving research results
C. raising problems and providing solutions
D. showing facts and presenting explanations
【答案与解析】本文是一篇议论文，讲述了随着科技的发展，媒体正在各个方面影响着人们。文中列举了好多人们因为媒体而产生的一些不利于社会的行为，并给出了解释，因为媒体影响，人们无法区分幻想与现实，唯一的解决方式就是人们不再看电视，不再接触媒体。
26. 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“The effect of media does not stop when the movie or program ends. And this effect might just be the cause of behavioral changes in people.（当电影或者节目结束时，媒体的效应也没有停止。并且这种效应也就是人们行为发生变化的原因。）”可知，本句放在段末，总结上文媒体对人类的影响的解释，故本段主要讲人们看电视时所产生的媒体效应，这种效应也改变了人们的行为，故B项“媒体是如何影响人们行为”符合本段大意，故选B。
27. 细节理解题。根据文章第6段“An explanation to these bad acts is that these people could not distinguish fantasy from reality.（产生这些不良行为的解释之一就是，这些人无法区分幻想与现实。）”可知，一些人行为恶劣，是因为他们无法区分幻想与现实，故选C。
28. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“So the media is largely responsible for giving people false ideas and unhealthy pictures, which lead to misbehavior against other people, and can create a dangerous cycle among individuals as they attempt to do the same or even worse things to others. The sad reality is, no one is tuning off their televisions or disconnecting from these influences.（因此，媒体在很大程度上要为给人们错误的想法和不健康的图片负责，这导致了对他人的不当行为，并可能在个人之间创造一个危险的循环，因为他们试图对别人做同样的事情，甚至更糟糕的事情。可悲的现实是，没有人关掉电视或脱离这些影响。）”可知，作者认为媒体带来了人们不正当的行为，创造了危险的社会环境，故他对媒体的态度是批评的，故选B。
29. 推理判断题。根据文章第3、段列举了“With action films, children tend to follow the movie hero, engaging them to violent acts thinking that it is acceptable because his hero became successful in the end. (在动作片中，孩子们倾向于追随电影中的英雄，结果他们参与暴力行为，认为这是可以接受的，因为他的英雄最终成功了。)”一些孩子们模仿电视里面的暴力行为并改变了对于社会问题的态度，和第5段“There had been instances in the past that young people drunk driving imitating their favorite actress.（曾经有一些例子，年轻人模仿他们最喜欢的演员酒驾。）；There was also a case…(曾经有一个案例……); These are just a few examples…(有几个例子……)”以及第6段“An explanation to these bad acts is that these people could not distinguish fantasy from reality.（产生这些坏行为的解释之一就是，这些人无法分清幻想与现实。）”可知，文章作者是通过“列事实和解释”来支撑他的观点的。故选D。
8
（2022·广东广州·一模）Several years ago, Jason Box, a scientist from Ohio, flew 31 giant rolls of white plastic to a glacier (冰川) in Greenland. He and his team spread them across 10,000 feet of ice, then left. His idea was that the white blanket would reflect back the rays of the sun, keeping the ice cool below. When he came back to check the results, he found it worked. Exposed ice had melted faster than covered ice. He had not only saved two feet of glacier in a short time. No coal plants were shut down, no jobs were lost, and nobody was taxed or fired. Just the sort of fix we’re looking for.
“Thank you, but no thank you.” says Ralph King, a climate scientist. He told Grey Childs. author and commentator, that people think technology can save the planet, “but there are other things we need to deal with, like consumption. They burned $50,000 just for the helicopter” to bring the plastic to the glacier. This experiment, quote-unquote, gives people false hope that climate change can be fixed without changing human behavior. It can’t. Technology won’t give us a free ride.
Individuals respond to climate change differently. Climatologist Kelly Smith is hardly alone in her prediction that someday soon we won’t be climate victims, we will be climate Choosers. More scientists agree with her that if the human race survives. The engineers will get smarter, the tools will get better, and one day we will control the climate. but that then? “Just the mention of us controlling the climate sent a small shiver down my back, Grey writes.” “Something sounded wrong about stopping ice by our own will,” he says.
Me? I like it better when the earth takes care of itself, I guess one day we will have to run the place, but for the moment, sitting at my desk, looking out at the trees bending wildly and the wind howling, I’m happy not to be in charge.
30. Why does the author mention Jason Box’s experiment in the first paragraph?
A. To introduce a possible solution to climate change.
B. To describe a misleading attempt to fix the climate.
C. To report on a successful experiment on saving the glacier.
D. To arouse people’s attention to the problem of global warming.
31. Which statement would Ralph King most probably agree with?
A. The fight against climate change will not succeed.
B. Technology is not the final solution, let alone its high cost.
C. It’s best to deal with climate change without changing our behavior.
D. Jason’s experiment plays a significant role in fixing climate change.
32. What is Grey Childs’s attitude to human’s controlling the climate?
A. Favorable B. Tolerant C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
33. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. But should we fix the climate?
B. Is climate change a real problem?
C. How can we take care of the earth?
D. What if all the glaciers disappeared?
【答案与解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是几位科学家对控制气候变化的论述。
30. 推理判断题。根据第一段的“When he came back to check the results, he found it worked. Exposed ice had melted faster than covered ice. He had not only saved two feet of glacier in a short time.No coal plants were shut down, no jobs were lost, and nobody was taxed or fired.(当他回来检查结果时，他发现它起作用了。裸露的冰比覆盖的冰融化得更快。他不仅在短时间内拯救了两英尺的冰川。没有关闭燃煤电厂，没有失业，没有人被征税或解雇。)”可知，作者在第一段提到Jason Box的实验目的是报道一项拯救冰川的成功实验。故选C。
31. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“They burned $50,000 just for the helicopter” to bring the plastic to the glacier. This experiment, quote-unquote, gives people false hope that climate change can be fixed without changing human behavior. It can’t. Technology won’t give us a free ride.(他们花了5万美元买了一架“把塑料运到冰川”的直升机。这个实验给了人们错误的希望，认为气候变化可以在不改变人类行为的情况下得到解决。它不能。科技不会让我们搭便车。)”可知，拉尔夫·金最可能同意技术并不是最终的解决方案，更不用说其高昂的成本了。故选B。
32. 推理判断题。根据第三段最后 一句“Something sounded wrong about stopping ice by our own will (按照我们自己的意愿阻止结冰，听起来有些不对劲。)”可知Grey Childs对人类控制气候的态度是怀疑的，故选C。
33. 主旨大意题。第一段的“Several years ago, Jason Box, a scientist from Ohio, flew 31 giant rolls of white plastic to a glacier (冰川) in Greenland. He and his team spread them across 10,000 feet of ice, then left. (几年前，来自俄亥俄州的科学家贾森·博克斯(Jason Box)将31卷巨大的白色塑料飞到了格陵兰岛的一座冰川上。他和他的团队把它们铺在一万英尺的冰面上，然后离开。)”引出控制气候变化的极端例子，之后列举不同的科学家对于控制气候的观点，最后一段“Me? I like it better when the earth takes care of itself, I guess one day we will have to run the place, but for the moment, sitting at my desk, looking out at the trees bending wildly and the wind howling, I’m happy not to be in charge. (我吗?我更喜欢地球自己照顾自己的时候，我想有一天我们将不得不管理这个地方，但此刻，坐在我的办公桌前，看着树木疯狂地弯曲，风咆哮着，我很高兴自己不再是负责人。)”作者提出更喜欢地球自己照料自己，也即反对人类控制气候，因此本文主要讲的是人类是否应该控制气候，因此A选项“But should we fix the climate? (但是我们应该解决气候问题吗？)”可概括本文主要内容，可作为最好的题目，故选A。
9
（2022·江苏·一模）Star Wars fans would be familiar with the good relationship between humans and droids (机器人) in the movies. In the movie Solo: A Star Wars Story, Lando Calrissian risked his life to rescue his co-pilot, a female droid L3-37. In real life, a humanoid robot, Sophia, has recently been granted (给予) citizenship in Saudi Arabia. Increasingly, people are ready to see robots as resembling humans. Given this phenomenon, I believ it is necessary to consider giving robots certain rights humans enjoy.
Experts have argued that since robots have now acquired human-like qualities, it is appropriate to consider if they should have rights just as humans. Sophia has a human like face and utilizes artificial intelligence to respond to speech and express emotions. For such a lifelike being that is potentially capable of expressing emotions, does it not deserve the right to be loved and respected?
Robots should also be given legal and moral protection as harming a robot may be similar to harming humans. Since people tend to form attachments to social robots, it becomes possible for companies to control the hardware and software to exploit this emotional attachment. There is a danger that data that is stored in the robot could be uploaded to the cloud. There would then possibly be situations in which the government or private sector retrieves (检索数据) the information stored in a robotic toy or social robot. With these uncertainties, it is clear why robots should be protected, just as humans.
An even more irresistible reason to grant human rights to the robots is the protection of societal values. We should stop a young child from kicking or tearing a toy robot apart because it resembles a real life. Giving robots certain rights will ensure that societal standards are set.
Still, many have roundly argued that no matter how sophisticated (老练的) they may be, robots are still machines. It is therefore quite ridiculous to treat them as living beings and grant them rights. However, with the advancement in technology, it is a matter of time before robots are fully anthropomorphized (赋予人的特征), and we would have to consider granting them rights.
In conclusion, deciding whether robots deserve human rights is by no means an easy task, but now is the time to start the conversation on this and seriously consider the possibility.
34. Why does the author mention the two examples in the first paragraph?
A. To remind readers of the importance of robots.
B. To discuss the necessity of rescuing robots.
C. To set readers thinking about an issue about robots.
D. To describe the relationship between humans and robots.
35. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A. Robots should be legally and morally protected.
B. There is possible information risk.
C. Humans are doing harm to robots.
D. Robots should be given more emotional attachment.
36. What’s the author’s attitude towards granting robots human rights?
A. Doubtful. B. Favorable.
C. Negative. D. Uncaring.
37. What’s the structure of the passage?
(①=Para. 1       ②=Para. 2      ③=Para. 3      ④=Para. 4      ⑤=Para. ⑥=Para. 6)
A. ①—②③④⑤—⑥ B. ①②—③④⑤—⑥
C. ①—②③—④⑤⑥ D. ①—②③④—⑤⑥
【答案与解析】这是一篇议论文。随着机器人越来越类人化，我们很多时候不能再把机器人仅仅看作机器，因此文章论述了应该赋予机器人人权的理由。
34. 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Given this phenomenon, I believ it is necessary to consider giving robots certain rights humans enjoy.（鉴于这种现象，我认为有必要考虑给予机器人人类享有的某些权利）”结合下文陈述应该给与机器人人权的原因推知，上文提到星球大战中机器人救机器人以及现实生活中的机器人Sophia的例子是为了让读者思考一个关于机器人的问题。故选C。
35. 主旨大意题。根据第三段的主要内容，尤其中心句“Robots should also be given legal and moral protection as harming a robot may be similar to harming humans.（机器人也应该得到法律和道德保护，因为伤害机器人可能与伤害人类相似）”可知，本段主要陈述机器人应该受到法律和道德的保护。故选A。
36. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“However, with the advancement in technology, it is a matter of time before robots are fully anthropomorphized (赋予人的特征), and we would have to consider granting them rights.（然而，随着技术的进步，机器人完全拟人化只是时间问题， 我们必须考虑赋予他们权利）”和最后一段“In conclusion, deciding whether robots deserve human rights is by no means an easy task, but now is the time to start the conversation on this and seriously consider the possibility.（总之，决定机器人是否应该享有人权并不是一件容易的事，但现在是开始对话的时候了，并认真考虑这种可能性）”推知，作者对给与机器人人权持支持态度。故选B。
37. 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章第一段提出本文话题——考虑给机器人人权，第二到第五段陈述为什么要给机器人人权，最后一个自然段总结全文。因此文章的结构是①—②③④⑤—⑥。故选A。
10
（2022·天津经济技术开发区第一中学二模）Gone are the days when a mother’s place was in the home: in Britain women with children are now as likely to be in paid work as their unburdened sisters. Many put their little darlings in day care long before they start school. Mindful that a poor start can spoil a person’s chances of success later in life, the state has intervened ever more closely in how babies and toddlers are looked after. Inspectors call not only at nurseries but also at homes where youngsters are minded; three-year-olds follow the national curriculum. Child care has increasingly become a profession.

For years after the government first began in 2001 to twist the arms of anyone who looked after an unrelated child to register with the schools, the numbers so doing fell. Kind but clueless neighbours stopped looking after little ones, who were instead herded into formal nurseries or handed over to one of the ever-fewer registered child-minders. The decline in the number of people taking in children now appears to have halted. According to data released by the Office for Standards in Education on October 27th, the number of registered child-minders reached its lowest point in September 2010 and has since recovered slightly.
The new lot are certainly better qualified. In 2010 fully 82% of nursery workers held diplomas notionally equivalent to A-levels, the university-entrance exams taken mostly by 18-year-olds, up from 56% seven years earlier, says Anand Shukla of the Daycare Trust, a charity. Nurseries staffed by university graduates tend to be rated highest by inspectors, increasing their appeal to the pickiest parents. As a result, more graduates are being recruited.
But professionalization has also pushed up the price of child care, defying even the economic depression. A survey by the Daycare Trust finds that a full-time nursery place in England for a child aged under two, who must be intensively supervised, costs £194 ($310) per week, on average. Prices in London and the south-east are far higher. Parents in Britain spend more on child care than anywhere else in the world, according to the OECD, a think-tank. Some 68% of a typical second earner's net income is spent on freeing her to work, compared with an OECD average of 52%.
The price of child care is not only eye-watering, but has also become a barrier to work. Soon after it took power the coalition government pledged to ensure that people are better off in work than on benefits, but a recent survey by Save the Children, a charity, found that the high cost of day care prevented a quarter of low-paid workers from returning to their jobs once they had started a family. The government pays for free part-time nursery places for three-and four-year-olds, and contributes towards day-care costs for younger children from poor areas. Alas, extending such an aid during stressful economic times would appear to be anything but child’s play.
38. Which of the following is true according to the first paragraph?
A. Nursery education plays a leading role in one’s personal growth.
B. Pregnant women have to work to lighten families’ economic burden.
C. Children in nursery have to take uniform nation courses.
D. The supervision of the state makes child care professional.
39. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 and 3 that ___________.
A. the registered child-minders are required to take the university-entrance exams
B. the number of registered child-minders has been declining since 2001
C. anyone who looks after children at home must register with the schools
D. the growing recognition encourages more graduates to work as child-minders
40. The high price of child care __________.
A. prevents mothers from getting employed
B. may further depress the national economy
C. makes many families live on benefits
D. is far more than parents can afford
41. What is the author’s attitude towards the professionalization of child care?
A. Objective. B. Skeptical. C. Supportive. D. Biased.
42. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?
A. The professionalization of child care has pushed up its price.
B. The high cost of child nursing makes many mothers give up their jobs.
C. The employment of more graduates makes nurseries more popular.
D. Parents in Britain pay most for child nursing throughout the world.
【答案与解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要谈论了儿童保育的职业化推高了它的价格。
38. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Mindful that a poor start can spoil a person’s chances of success later in life, the state has intervened ever more closely in how babies and toddlers are looked after. Inspectors call not only at nurseries but also at homes where youngsters are minded; three-year-olds follow the national curriculum. Child care has increasingly become a profession.(考虑到糟糕的开端可能会破坏一个人以后成功的机会，国家对婴儿和幼儿的照顾方式进行了越来越密切的干预。检查人员会去那些照看小孩的托儿所和家中去检查；三岁的孩子遵循国家课程安排。幼儿看护越来越成为一种职业。)”可知，国家的监督使儿童保育变得职业化了，选项D是正确的。故选D项。
39. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Nurseries staffed by university graduates tend to be rated highest by inspectors, increasing their appeal to the pickiest parents. As a result, more graduates are being recruited.(由大学毕业生组成的托儿所往往被检查人员评为最高等级，这增加了它们对最挑剔的父母的吸引力。因此，更多的毕业生正在被录用。)”可知，越来越多的人认识到这一点，鼓励了更多的毕业生从事儿童保育员的工作。故选D项。
40. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The price of child care is not only eye-watering, but has also become a barrier to work. Soon after it took power the coalition government pledged to ensure that people are better off in work than on benefits, but a recent survey by Save the Children, a charity, found that the high cost of day care prevented a quarter of low-paid workers from returning to their jobs once they had started a family. (托儿费用不仅高得吓人，而且已经成为工作的障碍。上台后不久，联合政府就承诺要确保人们有工作比依靠福利过得更好，但慈善机构Save the Children最近的一项调查发现，高昂的日托费用使得四分之一的低收入工人在成家后无法重返工作岗位。)”可知，高昂的儿童保育费用阻止了部分母亲的就业。故选A项。
41. 推理判断题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Mindful that a poor start can spoil a person’s chances of success later in life, the state has intervened ever more closely in how babies and toddlers are looked after. (考虑到糟糕的开端可能会破坏一个人以后成功的机会，国家对婴儿和幼儿的照顾方式进行了越来越密切的干预。)”以及第四段中“But professionalization has also pushed up the price of child care, defying even the economic depression. (但职业化也推高了儿童保育的费用，甚至在经济萧条时期也不起作用。)”可以推知，作者客观地谈论了儿童保育工作的职业化，既提到了儿童保育的职业化有利于儿童未来发展，也提到了它带来的弊端，所以作者对儿童保育的职业化的态度是客观的。故选A项。
42. 主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Child care has increasingly become a profession. (儿童保育越来越成为一种职业。)”和第四段中“But professionalization has also pushed up the price of child care, defying even the economic depression. (但职业化也推高了儿童保育的费用，甚至在经济萧条时期也不起作用。)”可知，本文主要谈论了儿童保育的职业化推高了它的价格。选项A符合主题，适合做标题。故选A项。
11
（2022·北京石景山·一模）Psychologists tell us our self-image defines what we believe we can and cannot do. Each of us over the years has built up belief about ourselves: Unconsciously, our pictures of who we are have been formed by past experiences. Our successes and failures, what others have told us and what we think people believe about us all help form impressions of what we think we are. Because self-image is so important in our growth, it is important to examine our concepts of self in order to reach our full potential.
Changing our self-image is possible: Some psychologists suggest we begin to change our self-image by mentally picturing ourselves performing well at some task. Since we presently react to things based on our present images, it’s suggested that we replace those with better ones. In many experiments, people were asked to sit quietly for a few minutes each day and imagine themselves doing well. For instance, subjects would sit and imagine themselves throwing darts at a bull’s-eye on a target. Over a period of weeks, their dart game improved. This has been done with people who wanted to play chess better, throw a ball more accurately increase their salesmanship or musical talents, and improve many other skills. In most cases, remarkable improvement is made.
The point of changing self-image is not to develop an image of ourselves that is not real. To try to become something we really aren’t is just as wrong as living the unrealistic, inferior image we may have. The aim is to find the real self, to bring our mental images of ourselves in line with our true potential. However, it is generally accepted among psychologists that most of us fail to do justice to ourselves. We’re usually better than we think we are.
Another important part of changing self-image is to not think about past mistakes.Don’t let failures do harm. Our errors or humiliation over mistakes are necessary steps in learning. It is all right to make mistakes. But when they have taught us what we did wrong, we should forget them and not dwell on them. Sometimes we keep remembering our failures or mistakes and feel guilty or embarrassed about them. We let them take over, and then we develop a fear.
It is important to have realistic expectations of ourselves. Some of our dissatisfaction might come from expecting too much of ourselves. If we demand constant perfection in everything we do, we can be disappointed and our poor self- image will continue. If our goal is to reach perfection, we are doomed from the start.
43. Which situation agrees with the idea of the passage?
A. To outshine his colleagues, Joe sets an idealistic goal.
B. To get along with her classmates, Doris always humbles herself.
C. To become a star player, Alex repeatedly plays back his faults in his mind.
D. To win a speech contest, Tina visualizes herself speaking more confidently.
44. What is the purpose of Paragraph 3?
A. To confirm the effect of changing self-image.
B. To clarify the principle of changing self-image.
C. To propose a new view on changing self-image.
D. To stress the importance of changing self-image.
45. According to the author, how should we regard our past mistakes?
A. They are part of our growth.
B. They are warnings for future.
C. They are tools for overcoming fear.
D. They are barriers to our development.
46. Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?
A. We Are What   We Do
B. Be the Best We Can Be
C. We Are What   We Think We Are
D. What We Are Decides What We Think
【答案与解析】本文为一篇议论文，文章论述了自我形象的重要性，并介绍了几种改变自我形象的方法。
43. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段关键句“Some psychologists suggest we begin to change our self-image by mentally picturing ourselves performing well at some task. Since we presently react to things based on our present images, it’s suggested that we replace those with better ones.”（一些心理学家建议，我们可以通过在心理上想象自己在某些任务中的出色表现来开始改变自我形象。因为我们现在对事物的反应是基于我们现在的图像，所以有人建议我们用更好的图像来代替那些图像。）可知，D选项“为了赢得演讲比赛，蒂娜想象自己说话更自信。”符合本段描述的改变自我形象的方法。故选D项。
44. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段关键句“The point of changing self-image is not to develop an image of ourselves that is not real.”（改变自我形象的关键不是建立一个不真实的自我形象。）及“The aim is to find the real self, to bring our mental images of ourselves in line with our true potential.”（我们的目标是找到真正的自我，使我们心中的自我形象符合我们真正的潜力。）及全段内容可知，文章第三段的目的是为了阐明改变自我形象的原则。故选B项。
45. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段关键句“Our errors or humiliation over mistakes are necessary steps in learning.It is all right to make mistakes. But when they have taught us what we did wrong, we should forget them and not dwell on them.”（我们的错误或对错误的羞辱是学习的必要步骤。犯错误是正常的。但是当他们告诉我们我们做错了什么，我们应该忘记它们，而不是停留在它们上面。）可知，对于过去的错误，我们应该接受，它们是我们成长的一部分。故选A项。
46. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段关键句“Each of us over the years has built up belief about ourselves: Unconsciously, our pictures of who we are have been formed by past experiences. Our successes and failures, what others have told us and what we think people believe about us all help form impressions of what we think we are.”（多年来，我们每个人都建立了对自己的信念：在不知不觉中，我们对自己的印象是由过去的经历形成的。我们的成功和失败，别人告诉我们的，以及我们认为别人对我们的看法，都有助于形成我们认为自己是什么的印象。）及下文描述改变自我形象的几种方法，可知，本文论述了自我形象的重要性，且表明自我形象可以通过自己的认知改变，同时介绍了几种改变自我形象的方式，C选项“We Are What We Think We Are”（我们认为自己是什么，我们就是什么）适合作为本文最佳标题。故选C项。
12
（2022·江西·南昌二中一模）When “irregardless” was included in Merriam-Webster dictionary, it caused wide disagreements. “Irregardless” has been in widespread and near-constant use since 1795, when a newspaper called The Charleston City Gazelle of Charleston Ga first used it. “We do not make the English language, and we merely record it,” the dictionary’s staff wrote in “Words of the Week”.
The word’s definition, when we read it, would seem to be without regard. However, Merriam-Webster defines “irregardless” as “nonstandard” but meaning the same as “regardless”. According to Merriam-Webster, “Many people find ‘irregardless’ to be a ridiculous word, as the ir-prefix usually indicates negative meaning; however, in this case it appears to make the meaning of ‘regardless’ stronger.”
“It’s not a real word. I don’t care what the dictionary says.” responds author Michelle Ray, who teaches English in Silver Spring, Md. And she says she’s still planning to mark “irregardless” as incorrect on her students’ work.
An American newspaper the Baltimore Sun published the word in editor John McIntyre’s commentary on Saturday: “‘Irregardless’ is too a word; you just don’t understand dictionaries. People get upset about the dictionary because they think it is some sort of official document. But actually, it’s not. It’s just lexicographers identifying words that people use and trying to find out how they are spelled, how they are pronounced, what meanings they have and where they came from.”
“The dictionary’s recognition doesn’t enroll a word as correct in the English language,” McIntyre says. “It just says this is a word that a lot of people use in English. And here’s what we know about it.” So it’s a word, but its use is still discouraged in formal writing.
47. What’s the function of the first paragraph?
A. To criticize the use of “irregardless”. B. To introduce the topic.
C. To make a definition of “irregardless”. D. To give an example.
48. What can we learn from the passage?
A. “Irregardless” had been in widespread and near-constant use before 1975.
B. The dictionary’s staff rarely record the English language.
C. Michelle Ray thinks the use of “irregardless” formal but incorrect.
D. People are still not encouraged to use “irregardless” in formal writing.
49. What is the attitude of McIntyre to the appearance of “irregardless” in Merriam-Webster dictionary?
A. Favorable. B. Conservative.
C. Indifferent. D. Ambiguous.
50. What can be the best title for the passage?
A. “Irregardless” Is Frequently Used in Formal Writing
B. “Irregardless” Shouldn’t Be Included in the Dictionary
C. Regardless of What You Think, “Irregardless” Is a Word
D. Experts Can’t Agree on the Meaning of “Irregardless”
【答案与解析】这是一篇议论文。文章介绍了“irregardless”一词被收录进韦氏词典在社会上引起了广泛的争议，irregardless这个单词的起源，韦氏词典对其的解释以及人们对此的不同看法。
47. 推理判断题。根据第一段的第一句“When ‘irregardless’ was included in Merriam-Webster dictionary, it caused wide disagreements. (当irregardless一词被收录进韦氏词典在社会上引起了广泛的争议)”可知，本文就此争议展开讲述，故第一段的作用是引出了本文主要讨论的主题。故选B。
48. 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句话“So it’s a word, but its use is still discouraged in formal writing.(因此，它是一个单词，但并不鼓励在书面正式语中使用它)”可知，该词不被鼓励在正式书面语中使用。故选D。
49. 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句中的“ ‘Irregardless’ is too a word; you just don’t understand dictionaries.(Irregardless也是个单词，只是你不懂得字典)”和最后一段中的第一句“The dictionary’s recognition doesn’t enroll a word as correct in the English language.(字典的认知并没有将一个单登记为正确的)”可推知，McIntyre认为它的确是个单词，只是我们对字典不够理解，故McIntyre对irregardless一词被收录进韦氏词典这一事情是支持的。故选A。
50. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，尽管irregardless一词被收录进韦氏词典引起了广泛的争议，但根据文章最后一段最后一句“So it’s a word, but its use is still discouraged in formal writing. (因此它是一个单词，只是在正式书面你表达中并不鼓励使用这个单词)”可知，C选项“不管你怎么想，‘irregardless’就是算一个单词”最适合作为文章标题。故选C。
13
（2022·宁夏·银川一中一模）I have frequently taught Research Methods and Design to college students at several institutions. I love teaching this course. One reason, of course, is that I enjoy thinking about research methodology (方法学) and sharing it with others. The other reason, however, is the obvious impact that it has on students. Every term, one (if not more) student tells me how taking this course has affected him/her: “I used to just read articles and believe what they said, but now I find myself asking ‘Is this true? How do they know? Is this a well designed study?” That is what I want the students to achieve in this course.
This brings to mind something written by Dorothy L. Sayers in 1948. One of her books, The Lost Tools of Learning speaks to Sayers’ thoughts on education. “By teaching our young men and women to read, we have left them at the mercy of the printed words. By the invention of the film and the radio,we have made certain that no dislike for reading shall protect them from the constant battery of words, words, words. They do not know what the words mean: they are victims to words in their emotions instead of being the masters of them in their intelligence.”
We are well past the 1940s, but her observation is still relevant. Sayers’ point is well taken. In the world of 24-hour news and social media that often resembles (类似) the Wild West, the ability to carry out evaluations has never been more important. In order to resist the distortions with which we are constantly bombed in the media, as well as be able to present a persuasive argument, we must be able to reason well, and think and give a judgement carefully.
When my students begin the Research Methods and Design course, they are generally not content to read all those research article I give. However, by the end of the course, they are excited about their newly obtained abilities.
51. What is the author’s course goal for her students?
A. Thinking critically. B. Reading deeply.
C. Designing studies well. D. Questioning themselves.
52. What did Sayers imply about education?
A. It was boring. B. It was worrying.
C. It was conventional. D. It was useless.
53. What does the underlined word “distortions” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Popular news. B. Various evaluations.
C. Persuasive arguments. D. Misleading information.
54. Why does the author write the text?
A. To review a book. B. To introduce a writer.
C. To suggest a practical skill. D. To criticize social media.
【答案与解析】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了人们应该学会批判性思考。
51. 推理判断题。由第一段中的“Every term, one (if not more) student tells me how taking this course has affected him/her: “I used to just read articles and believe what they said, but now I find myself asking ‘Is this true? How do they know? Is this a well designed study?’”(每学期，一名（如果不是更多的话）学生都会告诉我这门课程对他/她有何影响：“我过去只是读文章，相信他们说的话，但现在我发现自己在问‘这是真的吗？他们怎么知道的？这是一项精心设计的研究吗？’)”和第三段中的“In order to resist the distortions with which we are constantly bombed in the media, as well as be able to present a persuasive argument, we must be able to reason well, and think and give a judgement carefully. (为了抵制媒体不断用歪曲的事实轰炸我们，并且能够提出一个有说服力的论点，我们必须能够很好地推理，仔细地思考和作出判断)”可知，第一段学生说的话表明，学生听完老师的课，学会对所读文章进行反思，质疑文章的真实性等，结合第三段作者建议人们仔细地思考再作出判断，说明批判性思考正是作者想让学生在她的课上学到的。故选A项。
52. 推理判断题。由第二段中的“By teaching our young men and women to read, we have left them at the mercy of the printed words. By the invention of the film and the radio, we have made certain that no dislike for reading shall protect them from the constant battery of words, words, words. They do not know what the words mean: they are victims to words in their emotions instead of being the masters of them in their intelligence.(通过教我们的年轻男女阅读，我们让他们听任印刷文字的摆布。通过电影和收音机的发明，我们已经确定，对阅读的厌恶不会保护他们免受文字、文字、文字的不断冲击。他们不知道文字的含义：他们情感上是文字的受害者，而不是在智力上是文字的主人)”可知，Sayers认为教育让年轻男女听任印刷文字的摆布，他们情感上是文字的受害者，在智力上未成为文字的主人，说明当时的教育状况是令人担忧的。故选B项。
53. 词句猜测题。由第二段中的“By the invention of the film and the radio, we have made certain that no dislike for reading shall protect them from the constant battery of words, words, words. They do not know what the words mean: they are victims to words in their emotions instead of being the masters of them in their intelligence. (通过电影和收音机的发明，我们已经确定，对阅读的厌恶不会保护他们免受文字、文字、文字的不断冲击。他们不知道文字的含义：他们情感上是文字的受害者，而不是在智力上是文字的主人)”和第三段中的“In order to resist the distortions with which we are constantly bombed in the media, as well as be able to present a persuasive argument, we must be able to reason well, and think and give a judgement carefully. (为了抵制媒体不断用distortions轰炸我们，并且能够提出一个有说服力的论点，我们必须能够很好地推理，仔细地思考和作出判断)”可知，在媒体信息下，不知道文字含义的人们容易成为文字的受害者，作者建议人们仔细地思考再作出判断，才能提出一个有说服力的论点，说明媒体给人们提供了“误导性信息（Misleading information）”，因此人们需要批判性思考信息是对是错，distortions意为“Misleading information”。故选D项。
54. 推理判断题。由第一段中的“Every term, one (if not more) student tells me how taking this course has affected him/her: “I used to just read articles and believe what they said, but now I find myself asking ‘Is this true? How do they know? Is this a well designed study?’”(每学期，一名（如果不是更多的话）学生都会告诉我这门课程对他/她有何影响：“我过去只是读文章，相信他们说的话，但现在我发现自己在问‘这是真的吗？他们怎么知道的？这是一项精心设计的研究吗？’)”和第三段中的“In order to resist the distortions with which we are constantly bombed in the media, as well as be able to present a persuasive argument, we must be able to reason well, and think and give a judgement carefully. (为了抵制媒体不断用歪曲的事实轰炸我们，并且能够提出一个有说服力的论点，我们必须能够很好地推理，仔细地思考和作出判断)”可知，第一段学生说的话表明，学生听完老师的课，学会对所读文章进行反思，质疑文章的真实性等，结合第三段作者建议人们仔细地思考再作出判断，说明作者想让学生在她的课上学到批判性思考，再结合最后一段中的“However, by the end of the course, they are excited about their newly obtained abilities. (然而，在课程结束时，他们对新获得的能力感到兴奋)”呼应第一段的内容可知，作者的写作目的在于建议读者掌握一项实用的技能——批判性思考。故选C项。
14
（2022·天津·一模）A few years ago, Charles Barkley got into a lot of trouble for making the observation that sports figures didn’t need to be role models. Thousands of fans and professional journalists were cross at this attack on the fundamental principle that the person who jumps highest must aim highest and the person who handles the running back must also be able to deal with life’s problems with grace as well.
The problem is not that we look to these people for perfection when they take off their uniforms. It’s that we expect anyone to be our representatives for perfection. That’s stupid and it makes the rest of us down here lazy.
I get the importance of having heroes, the people who inspire us to cultivate the best potential within us and nurture our better angels. I personally have many heroes. from my mother, Lucy, to my favorite law professor, Howard. But these are personal contacts, people who have actually touched my hand and my heart, and who occupy a pedestal(基座)built of my own experiences and aspirations. To look at an athlete or an actress with high salary and demand that he or she match our dreams is not only a waste of time, but it’s dangerous. The danger comes in how this type of hero worship dehumanizes both the object of affection and the person who blindly adores. That was Barkley’s point, not that we should give public figures a pass for being faulty but that we shouldn’t abandon our own moral compasses and look to them for true north.
Recently on a television program I participated in, the discussion turned to Kathleen Kane. Someone suggested that the fact that the first female attorney general (首席检察官) in Pennsylvania was really messing things up could have unfortunate consequences for women seeking elected office. I offered the opinion that Kane was unquestionably criticized and that it was not hatred towards woman but incompetence at the root of the attacks. After the show aired, I had people emailing to tell me that I was either a traitor (叛徒) for publicly attacking a fellow female when we need to stand together behind this “role model”, or a fool for not going a step further to say that this incompetent lawyer had made it harder for all women to move to the next level.
How depressing! Why should the inferior performance of one woman lead to such diverse but passionate views in people? The answer is obvious: Kane has stopped being an attorney general but has instead become The First Female Attorney General. She can’t just make a mistake and pay the normal consequences.
If we stopped trying to live our lives through the accomplishments of public figures, many of whom look and sound like us, we’d learn how to recognize the heroic character of those we might actually know, and the heroic potential within ourselves. Or, perhaps, the honesty to accept our ordinary humanity.
55. Many people were angry with Charles Barkley mainly because ________.
A. he was not good enough to be a role model
B. he broke fundamental principles in life
C. he doubted the perfection of some sports figures
D. he thought sports figures could have weaknesses
56. According to Barkley, why is it dangerous to take public figures as heroes?
A. Because we shouldn’t waste time imitating public figures.
B. Because an athlete or actress cannot match our dreams.
C. Because we blindly admire public figures for their faults.
D. Because we may let go of our own moral standards.
57. From the passage we can infer that Kathleen Kane was ________.
A. unfairly criticized due to being female
B. the first female attorney general in the US
C. less qualified than the public had expected
D. a role model for women seeking elected office
58. Which of the following statements is true?
A. It’s foolish for us to expect anyone to be our representatives for perfection.
B. It is a waste of time having heroes.
C. Kathleen Kane had to resign office because of messing things up.
D. Public figures have the heroic character that ordinary people don’t have.
59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. Be Our Representatives for Perfection
B. Exploration of Our Own Heroic Potential
C. Our Unrealistic Expectation of Public Figures
D. Our Conventional Views of Female Politician
【答案与解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章作者主要讨论了公众人物的影响，并让我们对公众人物不要有不切实际的期望。
55. 细节理解题。细节理解题。根据文章第一段“A few years ago, Charles Barkley got into a lot of trouble for making the observation that sports figures didn’t need to be role models. Thousands of fans and professional journalists were cross at this attack on the fundamental principle   (几年前，查尔斯·巴克利因为提出体育人物不需要成为榜样的观点而惹上了很多麻烦。成千上万的球迷和专业记者对这一基本原则的攻击感到愤怒 )”可知，许多人对查尔斯·巴克利感到愤怒，主要是因为他的言论违背了生活中的基本原则。故选B项。
56. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The danger comes in how this type of hero worship dehumanizes both the object of affection and the person who blindly adores. That was Barkley’s point, not that we should give public figures a pass for being faulty but that we shouldn’t abandon our own moral compasses and look to them for true north. (这种英雄崇拜的危险在于，它使被崇拜的对象和盲目崇拜的人都失去了人性。这就是巴克利的观点，并不是说我们应该给公众人物错误的通行证，而是说我们不应该放弃自己的道德指南针，并通过它们寻找真正的北方。)”可推知，巴克利认为把公众人物当作英雄是危险的，因为我们可能会放弃自己的道德标准。故选D项。
57. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Recently on a television program I participated in, the discussion turned to Kathleen Kane. Someone suggested that the fact that the first female attorney general (首席检察官) in Pennsylvania was really messing things up could have unfortunate consequences for women seeking elected office. (最近在我参加的一个电视节目中，讨论转向了凯瑟琳·凯恩。有人认为，宾夕法尼亚州第一位女性司法部长真的把事情搞砸了，这可能会给寻求当选公职的女性带来不幸的后果。)”可推知，凯思琳·凯恩作为第一位女性司法部长没有公众预期的那么合格。故选C项。
58. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The problem is not that we look to these people for perfection when they take off their uniforms. It’s that we expect anyone to be our representatives for perfection. That’s stupid and it makes the rest of us down here lazy.(问题不在于我们指望这些人在脱下制服后能做到完美。而是我们希望任何人能成为我们完美的代表。这太蠢了，而且这会让我们其它人变得懒惰)”可知，指望任何人能成为我们完美的代表是愚蠢的。故选A项。
59. 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“If we stopped trying to live our lives through the accomplishments of public figures, many of whom look and sound like us, we’d learn how to recognize the heroic character of those we might actually know, and the heroic potential within ourselves. Or, perhaps, the honesty to accept our ordinary humanity. (如果我们不再试图通过许多人看起来和听起来都跟我们一样的公众人物的成就来生活，我们就能学会如何识别那些我们可能真正了解的人的英雄性格，以及我们自己的英雄潜力。或者，也许，诚实地接受我们平凡的人性。)”及全文可知，文章作者主要讨论了公众人物的影响，并让我们对公众人物不要有不切实际的期望。所以“Our Unrealistic Expectation of Public Figures (我们对公众人物不切实际的期望)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C项。
15
（2022·河北唐山·一模）“Mirror,mirror on the wall.Who's the prettiest of them all?”Everyone is. Including you.No matter what TikTok's beauty trends want you to believe.
The popular video-sharing platform needs no introduction. Anyone in the world can create anything and post it on the widespread platform. But what happens when more and more fault-finding contents - especially in regard to people's looks-are created?
“You're attractive if you have 8 to 10 teeth showing when you smile.”
“Apparently， this filter （滤镜） shows how good your eyebrows look.”
“Use this effect to adjust the size of your features.”
We are born with a tendency to follow the crowd to gain approval. As a result, we look at the huge number of views on these posts and think following these trends is the right thing to do. So we hurriedly download the filters or rush to the mirror to pretend to smile broadly and curiously count our teeth.
Media has been keeping western beauty standards for generations and has failed to consider that different cultures and countries have their own beauty standards. You might not believe it, but I find dark circles (the proof you worked hard until late at night) and scars (the proof that you've survived battles) beautiful. And I'm sure there are plenty of others who do, too.
TikTok beauty standards sort people into groups according to the sizes of their noses, foreheads, or lips. They judge a person by their looks. Actually, people are whole individuals with far more interesting qualities than their forehead size.
It's the way your eyes light up when talking about your favorite book or the way you take care of your sad friend that makes you beautiful. As we age and grow wrinkles, it's the things we did that we'll be remembered for, not what we looked like 20years ago. Trust me, no one's actually counting and committing to memory how many teeth are in your smile.
60. Why is the famous line from a story used at the beginning of the passage?
A. To remind readers of the magic mirror.
B. To make the beginning understandable.
C. To introduce the author's beauty attitude.
D. To display popular belief towards TikTok.
61. Why do we follow the beauty trends according to the passage?
A. To get acceptance. B. To satisfy curiosity.
C. To put on more posts. D. To create a better self.
62. What is beautiful according to the author?
A. Scars from a bar fighting. B. Dark circles from playing games.
C. Eyebrows shown through the filter. D. A lame leg from saving a child in a fire.
63. What can be a suitable title for the passage?
A. Worrying Future for TikTok Followers. B. Unique Beauty Standards on TikTok.
C. Harmful TikTok Beauty Trends. D. Dangerous TikTok Platform.
【答案与解析】这是一篇议论文。“镜子，墙上的镜子。谁是最漂亮的?”每个人都是，包括你。不管TikTok的美容趋势想让你相信什么。作者通过一句耳熟能详的台词引出自己对于美的看法：自信，勇敢，善良，积极…，你就是美的。
60. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Everyone is. Including you. No matter what TikTok's beauty trends want you to believe.( 每个人都是。包括你。不管抖音的美容趋势想让你相信什么)”可知，这就是作者自己对于“谁是最美的人”的答案，是作者自己对于美的态度，不要跟风某平台某博主，相信自己最美。所以说作者引用那句故事台词的目的就是引出自己对于美的看法。故选C项。
61. 细节理解题。根据第六段首句“We are born with a tendency to follow the crowd to gain approval.( 我们天生就有随波逐流以获得认可的倾向)”可知，作者认为，我们生来有从众心理是为了得到他人认可。A项get acceptance与gain approval意思一致。故选A项。
62. 推理判断题，根据倒数第三段“Media has been keeping western beauty standards for generations and has failed to consider that different cultures and countries have their own beauty standards. You might not believe it, but I find dark circles (the proof you worked hard until late at night) and scars (the proof that you've survived battles) beautiful.( 几代人以来，媒体一直保持着西方的审美标准，却没有考虑到不同的文化和国家有自己的审美标准。你可能不相信，但我发现黑眼圈(证明你一直努力工作到深夜)和伤疤(证明你从战斗中幸存下来)是美丽的)”可知，作者认为，你奋斗拼搏，你善良勇敢，你爱国爱人民，不论你外表怎样，你就是最美的。据此可知，虽然你腿瘸了，可是你是英勇冒死从大火中救出孩子而受伤，在作者看来那你就是最美的。A项容易误选，酒吧打架造成的伤疤和文章中在前线英勇战斗留下的伤疤不是一回事儿。故选D项。
63. 主旨大意题。第一段作者阐述了自己对美的态度。第二段“The popular video-sharing platform needs no introduction. Anyone in the world can create anything and post it on the widespread platform. But what happens when more and more fault-finding contents - especially in regard to people's looks-are created?(这个流行的视频分享平台无需介绍。世界上任何人都可以创造任何东西，并将其发布到广泛的平台上。但是，当越来越多吹毛求疵的内容—-尤其是关于人们的外貌的内容——被创造出来时，又会发生什么呢)”质疑抖音网络平台上很多人分享的内容是对人的外貌吹毛求疵，追求外表的人造美，对社会导向是错误的；倒数第二段“TikTok beauty standards sort people into groups according to the sizes of their noses, foreheads, or lips. They judge a person by their looks. Actually, people are whole individuals with far more interesting qualities than their forehead size. ( TikTok的美标准是根据鼻子、额头或嘴唇的大小将人们分成不同的组。他们以貌取人。事实上，人是一个完整的个体，比起额头的大小，他们有更有趣的特质)”也指出了这些网络视频中的审美是负面影响的，并指出了正确的审美观。自信，勇敢，善良，积极…，就是美的。综上，作者在担心抖音平台的审美趋势所带来的负面影响。C项内容符合文章主旨。故选C项。
16
（2022·黑龙江·哈尔滨三中一模）Many people count on faster, cheaper and better technology to offer a vision of a brighter future. Nevertheless, as the 2020s dawn, optimism is in short supply. The new technologies that dominated the past decade seem to be making matters worse. Social media were supposed to bring people together, but they are better known for leaking privacy. E-commerce, ride-hailing and the gig economy (零工经济) may be convenient, but they are charged with underpaying workers, worsening inequality and blocking the streets with vehicles.
Today’s pessimistic mood is centered on smart phones and social media, which took off a decade ago. Yet concerns that particular technologies might be doing more harm than good have arisen before. The 1920s witnessed a criticism against cars, which had earlier been seen as an answer to the problems caused by horse-drawn vehicles which filled the streets with noise and animal waste and caused accidents. And industrialization was criticized in the 19th century by Romantics who worried about the replacement of skilled workers, the robbing of the countryside and the suffering of factory hands.
However, that pessimism can be overdone. Too often people focus on the drawbacks of a new technology while taking its benefits for granted. Worries about screen time should be weighed against the much more substantial benefits of convenient communication and the instant access to information and entertainment that smartphones make possible. A further danger is that Luddite (反对技术进步者) efforts to avoid the short-term costs associated with a new technology will end up denying access to its long-term benefits—something Carl Benedikt Frey, an Oxford academic, calls a “technology trap”. Fears that robots will steal people’s jobs may discourage their use. Yet in the long run countries that wish to maintain their standard of living as their workforce ages and shrinks will need more robots, not fewer.
Any powerful technology can be used for good or ill. It is the choices people make about it that shape the world. Perhaps the real source of anxiety is not technology itself, but growing doubts about the ability of societies to hold this debate, and come up with good answers. So as the decade turns, put aside the pessimism for a moment. To be alive in the tech-obsessed 2020s is to be among the luckiest people who have ever lived.
64. According to the passage, which of the following is a problem caused by new technologies?
A. Endless hacking. B. Network viruses.
C. Convenient communication. D. Leaking privacy.
65. Which word can best describe Romantics’ concern over industrialization?
A. Negative. B. Uncertain. C. Sympathetic. D. Enthusiastic.
66. What might be a result of a “technology trap”?
A. A lack of good jobs in the job market.
B. An increase in the number of Luddites.
C. A decrease in the number of skilled workers.
D. An interruption to the advancement of a new technology.
67. What can we know from the passage?
A. Man is blessed to live in the 2020s with high tech advancing fast despite some drawbacks.
B. All the people object to the progress technology brings because it harms our civilization.
C. The 2020s is the Age of Technology and mankind is suffering a lot due to its influence.
D. Humans completely depend on our future caretakers—robots.
【答案与解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是科技所带来的悲观情绪。
64. 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Social media were supposed to bring people together, but they are better known for leaking privacy.(社交媒体本应把人们聚在一起，但它们更出名的是泄露隐私)”可知，新技术引起的问题是泄露隐私。故选D。
65. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“And industrialization was criticized in the 19th century by Romantics who worried about the replacement of skilled workers, the robbing of the countryside and the suffering of factory hands.(工业化在19世纪受到了浪漫主义者的批评，他们担心技术工人的更替，农村的掠夺和工厂工人的痛苦)”可知，浪漫主义者对工业化的担忧是消极否定的，故选A。
66. 推理判断题。根据第三段的“Fears that robots will steal people’s jobs may discourage their use.(人们担心机器人会抢走人们的工作，因此不愿使用它们)”可推断出，人们不愿用新技术，可得出“技术陷阱”的结果可能是一项新技术进步的中断。故选D。
67. 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“So as the decade turns, put aside the pessimism for a moment. To be alive in the tech-obsessed 2020s is to be among the luckiest people who have ever lived.(因此，随着十年的交替，暂时把悲观情绪放在一边。活在痴迷科技的21世纪20年代，是有史以来最幸运的人之一)”可知，尽管科技会带来一些缺点，但人类有幸生活在高科技快速发展的21世纪20年代。故选A。
17
（2022·广东广州·二模）If you happen to flip through TV channels, you’re likely to come across a commercial for a new vitamin or supplement (保健品) designed to improve your health. These pills often promise the world, claiming to cure baldness or fight overweight. But in the medical community, there’s some debate on whether these products provide any actual benefits.
Many people begin their day by popping a multi-vitamin. These pills are supposed to effortlessly provide our bodies with vitamins in case we have missed them in our meals. It seems to be a no-brainer that everyone should take one.However, a 2006 study by the Agency for Healthcare Research, concluded that multi-vitamins have zero effect on reducing a person’s chances of getting cancer or heart disease. The only people multi-vitamins benefited were those in poverty-stricken nations who lacked nutrition. In2009, a related study by the Hutchinson Cancer Research Center came to a similar conclusion.
Antioxidants are another supplement that is promoted to improve health and prevent aging. Antioxidants in vitamins A, C, and E are supposed to greatly reduce cellular damage. Yet, in a study involving over 180,000 adults, those who took these vitamins actually increased their risks of dying by 16 percent.
One likely cause for these negative results is that people who eat healthy diets and take vitamins are probably getting too many nutrients, which can be poisonous. Then why are these supplements being promoted? Many experts blame the health industry because supplements aren’t as highly inspected as they should be. What’s worse, vitamin makers aren’t required to list negative side effects like medicines do. In many cases, it can even be difficult for the U.S.’s Federal Drug Agency (FDA) to ban risky ingredients due to lengthy and expensive legal battles. On the other hand, after these studies were made public, people continued buying more vitamins than ever. It seems that no matter what evidence is presented, the majority of people aren’t ready to give upon a magic pill just yet.
68. What does the first paragraph suggest about vitamins?
A. They are advertised very heavily.
B. They are healthy and beneficial.
C. They have never helped anyone ever.
D. They are welcomed in the medical community.
69. What does the underlined word “no-brainer” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Foolish decision. B. Obvious truth.
C. Small possibility. D. First option.
70. What can vitamin pills actually help?
A. To reduce cellular damage.
B. To prevent people from aging.
C. To reduce risk of getting cancer.
D. To benefit people with poor nutrition.
71. According to the author, what has caused the problems with vitamins?
A. FDA doesn’t ban risky ingredients.
B. Vitamin makers do not list side effects.
C. The health industry fails to inspect enough.
D. People turn a blind eye to the research findings.
【答案与解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了关于维生素的一些争论。
68. 细节理解题。根据第一段“If you happen to flip through TV channels, you’re likely to come across a commercial for a new vitamin or supplement   designed to improve your health.(如果你碰巧浏览电视频道，你很可能会看到一种旨在改善你健康的新维生素或补品的广告。)”可知，维生素他们做了大量的广告。故选A。
69. 词义猜测题。根据划线词前文“These pills are supposed to effortlessly provide our bodies with vitamins in case we have missed them in our meals.(这些药片被认为可以毫不费力地为我们的身体提供维生素，以防我们在吃饭时错过了它们。)”可知，所以每个人都应该服用维生素，这似乎是显而易见的真理。所以no-brainer为“显而易见的真理”之意。故选B。
70. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The only people multi-vitamins benefited were those in poverty-stricken nations who lacked nutrition.(唯一受益于复合维生素的人是那些贫困国家缺乏营养的人。)”可知，维生素片的作用是使营养不良的人受益。故选D。
71. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“On the other hand, after these studies were made public, people continued buying more vitamins than ever. It seems that no matter what evidence is presented, the majority of people aren’t ready to give upon a magic pill just yet. (另一方面，在这些研究公开之后，人们继续购买比以往更多的维生素。看来，无论提出什么样的证据，大多数人都还没有准备好放弃这种神奇的药丸。)”可推断，作者认为是人们对研究结果视而不见导致了维生素的问题。故选D。
18
（2022·山东淄博·一模）What’s more important in determining life success — book smarts or street smarts? This question gets at the heart of an important debate contrasting the relative importance of cognitive (认知) intelligence (CI) and emotional intelligence (EI).
Cognitive intelligence is still recognized as an important element of success, particularly when it comes to academic achievement. People with high cognitive intelligence typically do well in school, often earn more money, and tend to be healthier in general.
But today experts recognize that cognitive intelligence is not the only determining factor of life success. Instead, it is part of a complex range of influences — one that includes emotional intelligence. Many companies now provide emotional intelligence training and use emotional intelligence tests as part of the hiring process. Research has found that individuals with strong leadership potential also tend to be more emotionally intelligent. suggesting that a high emotional intelligence is an important equality for business leaders and managers. According to a survey of hiring managers, almost 75% of the responders suggested that they valued an employee’s emotional intelligence more than his cognitive intelligence.
Now that emotional intelligence is so important, can it be taught or strengthened? According to one meta-analysis that looked at the results of social and emotional learning programs, the answer to that question is definitely yes. Strategies for teaching emotional intelligence include character education, modeling positive behaviors, encouraging people to think about how others are feeling, and finding ways to be more empathetic (共鸣) toward others.
All in all, life success is a result of many factors. Both cognitive intelligence and emotional intelligence play roles in overall success, as well as health, wellness, and happiness. Rather than focusing on which factors have a prior influence, the greatest benefit may lie in learning to improve skills in multiple areas. In addition to strengthening cognitive abilities, such as memory and mental focus, you can also acquire and improve social and emotional skills.
72. People with book smarts tend to___________.
A. debate with other people B. deal with various situations
C. be outstanding in academic research D. be good at gaining real life experience
73. Why does the author mention the data in paragraph3?
A. To indicate the strictness of hiring process.
B. To prove the priority of emotional intelligence.
C. To explain the result of emotional intelligence tests
D. To show the influence of cognitive intelligence on success.
74. What can be learned concerning emotional intelligence?
A. Evaluating how others feel. B. One’s extreme behaviors.
C. One’s academic performance D. Controlling others’ emotions.
75. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. Does Book Smart Matter B. Is CI or EI More Important?
C. What Counts Most in Life? D. Mental Health or Physical Health?
【答案与解析】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了一个问题，决定人成功的究竟是智商还是情商。最终得出了智商和情商都在人的成功上发挥很重要的作用。但人的成功不仅仅是这两个因素决定的，同时还有很多其他方面的因素。
72. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Cognitive intelligence is still recognized as an important element of success, particularly when it comes to academic achievement.(认知智力仍然被认为是成功的重要因素，尤其是在学术成就方面)”可知，读书聪明的人往往在学术研究方面表现突出。故选C项。
73. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“According to a survey of hiring managers, almost 75% of the responders suggested that they valued an employee’s emotional intelligence more than his cognitive intelligence.(根据一项对招聘经理的调查，几乎75%的应答者表示，他们更重视员工的情绪智力，而不是他的认知智力)”可以推知，作者在第三段提到数据是为了证明情商的重要性。故选B项。
74. 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Strategies for teaching emotional intelligence include character education, modeling positive behaviors, encouraging people to think about how others are feeling, and finding ways to be more empathetic (共鸣) toward others. (情商包括品格教育、教学策略建模积极行为，鼓励人们去思考别人的感受，和他人产生共鸣)”可知，关于情商我们能学到评估别人的感受。故选A项。
75. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“What’s more important in determining life success — book smarts or street smarts? (在决定人生成功的过程中，哪一个更重要——书本知识还是街头智慧？)”以及最后一段“Both cognitive intelligence and emotional intelligence play roles in overall success, as well as health, wellness, and happiness. Rather than focusing on which factors have a prior influence, the greatest benefit may lie in learning to improve skills in multiple areas.(认知智力和情绪智力在整体成功，以及卫生、健康和幸福中都发挥着作用。与其关注哪些因素具有优先影响力，学习提高多个领域的技能才是最有益的)”可知，文章一直在讨论情商与智商谁更重要，故选B项。
19
（2022·江西·模拟预测）Whether it's the slow drifting apart from a childhood friend, the sudden, sharp distance created by a disagreement, or one of the many relationships that have quietly fallen away during the pandemic, losing someone that you thought would always be in your life is deeply jarring.
But friendship breakups will happen over the course of our lives, and we need to start learning how to deal with them in healthy ways, says friendship coach Danielle Bayard Jackson.
The most significant thing we need to do, says Jackson, is normalize the fact that sometimes friendships do end and that can actually be healthy. However, we haven't been taught to carry this expectation into our friend relationships.
“We’re not looking at our friends through a lens (透镜) of ‘Gosh,I hope this works out’, but we’ll do that with a romantic partner for sure,” says Jackson. “ With a partner, we wonder if they're going to be the one. But with friends, we assume they' re the one from the minute we establish that we like each other.”
And because we don't view the loss of a friendship as a normal occurrence, it feels like a personal failing when it happens and something we should be ashamed of. Or, as Jackson puts it, “If friendship is supposed to be easy and yours ended, what did you do wrong?”
But that isn't the case.
Friendships, like any relationship, sometimes aren't meant to be and even if they are, maintaining them takes real work. Kristen Newton has been interested in this work for years and founded HEART Convos, which aims to help people who feel stuck in unsatisfying friendships have the kind of open and honest communication that keeps a friendship healthy.
“I think we feel blindsided because we belittle the value and significance of our social connections and friendship. Yet we recognize the weight that they carry when they don't work out, and we experience that hurt and disappointment,” she says.
76. What is the text mainly about?
A. How to regain a friendship that has ended.
B. The loss of a friendship is a normal occurrence.
C. Why friendship breaks up over the course of our lives.
D. Many relationships have fallen away during the pandemic.
77. What does the underlined word “jarring” possibly mean?
A. Disturbing. B. Inspiring.
C. Exciting. D. Disgusting.
78. According to Jackson, a romantic partner is different from friends in that___________.
A. friends are much harder to get than a romantic partner
B. your romantic partner will be apart from you but friends never
C. you are more afraid of losing a friend than losing a romantic partner
D. you are sure who will be your friend but not sure of a romantic partner
79. Which of the following proverbs can best interpret Kristen Newton's opinion in the text?
A. All good things came to an end.
B. A life without a friend is a life without a sun.
C. We don't know what we've got until we lose it.
D. Everything is good when new, but friend when old.
【答案与解析】本文是议论文。文章主要讲述有关朋友和友谊的看法。
76. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Whether it's the slow drifting apart from a childhood friend, the sudden, sharp distance created by a disagreement, or one of the many relationships that have quietly fallen away during the pandemic, losing someone that you thought would always be in your life is deeply jarring.(不管是否是童年朋友的缓慢的转变，由意见不合造成的突然的巨大的距离，或者是许多关系在疫情期间渐渐地分开，失去某个你认为在你人生中会永远在的人是很令人不安)”和第二段“But friendship breakups will happen over the course of our lives(但是友谊的破裂在我们的人生中是会发生的)”可知，这篇文章主要讲述失去朋友，失去友谊在人生中是常有的事情。故选B。
77. 词句猜测题。根据这句话“losing someone that you thought would always be in your life is deeply jarring.(失去某个你认为在你人生中会永远在的人是很jarring)”可知，jarring是形容词，表示失去某个你认为在你人生中会永远在的人的时候的心情，所以应该是令人意外，不安等情绪，和A选项意思一致。故选A。
78. 推理判断题。根据第四段“With a partner, we wonder if they' re going to be the one. But with friends, we assume they' re the one from the minute we establish that we like each other.(和一个情侣在一起，我们想知道他是否是我们想要的那一个。但是和朋友，我们从确定彼此喜欢的那一刻起，我们就假定他们是我们的另一半)”可知，在Jackson看来，我们确定谁是我们的朋友，但不确定谁是我们的浪漫情侣。故选D。
79. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yet we recognize the weight that they carry when they don't work out, and we experience that hurt and disappointment.(然而，当他们不行的时候，我们认识到他们的分量，并且我们体会到那份伤害和失望)”可知，Kristen Newton认为，直到我们失去时，我们才知道我们曾得到过什么。故选C。
20
（2022·广东汕头·一模）Compared with the obvious environmental issues we hear about every day, littering often takes a backseat-but it’s more pressing than we may think.
Some may say that a banana peel out of your car along the motorway would be a harmless action. Actually, they are wrong. A banana peel can take up to two years to decompose (分解), and with a third of motorists admitting to littering while driving, that’s a whole lot of discarded banana peels, or much worse. An orange peel and a cigarette butt has a similar biodegrading (生物降解) term to that of a banana, but tin and aluminium cans last up to 100 years, and plastic bottles last forever, so do glass bottles and plastic bags.
Despite the fact that longer-lasting materials will serve to damage the environment and its animals for longer, we can’t only measure the severity of a certain type of rubbish by its lifetime. For example, despite having a fairly short biodegrading span, more than 120 tons of cigarette-related litter is thrown away in the UK every day. Similarly, our regular littering here and there has caused the UK’s mouse population to increase by 60 million. This suddenly isn’t so mysterious when you consider that since the 1960s our annual littering has increased by an amazing 500 per cent.
It’s not a cheap habit either: UK taxpayers spent f500 million on keeping the streets clean. So, it’s not surprising that if caught fly-tipping, you could face a ￡20,000 fine. Regardless of how severe the punishment might seem, however, among the reported cases only 2,000 were punished out of 825,000, so we still have some way to go in making sure people observe the rules.
To take back our beautiful cities, we need to do more than simply not leaving rubbish where it ought not to be. We need to care more about the world around us.
80. Which of the following is easiest to decompose comparatively?
A. An orange peel. B. A plastic bag.
C. An aluminium can. D. A glass bottle.
81. What can we know from Para.3?
A. Annual littering has increased a little in UK since the 1960s.
B. Shorter-lasting materials will be less harmful to the environment.
C. Cigarette-related litter is a severe environmental problem in UK.
D. Regular littering has caused the UK’s mouse population to reach 60 million.
82. Which of the following can best describe UK’s punishment on littering according to Para.4?
A. Every little helps. B. A drop in the bucket.
C. No pains, no gains. D. More haste, less speed.
83. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Rubbish collection, an urgent task. B. Environment issue, a big concern.
C. Littering, a surprisingly big issue. D. Long-lasting material, a hidden danger.
【答案与解析】这是一篇议论文。主要讨论了乱扔垃圾往往被置于次要地位——但它比我们想象的更紧迫。
80. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“An orange peel and a cigarette butt has a similar biodegrading   term to that of a banana, but tin and aluminium cans last up to 100 years, and plastic bottles last forever, so do glass bottles and plastic bags.”（桔皮和烟头的生物降解作用与香蕉相似，但锡和铝罐可以保存100年，塑料瓶可以保存到永远，玻璃瓶和塑料袋也是如此。）可知，桔子皮相比较其他三种东西更容易分解。故选A项。
81. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Despite the fact that longer-lasting materials will serve to damage the environment and its animals for longer, we can’t only measure the severity of a certain type of rubbish by its lifetime. For example, despite having a fairly short biodegrading span, more than 120 tons of cigarette-related litter is thrown away in the UK every day.”（尽管更持久的材料会对环境和动物造成更长久的破坏，但我们不能仅仅通过它的寿命来衡量某种垃圾的严重程度。例如，尽管香烟的生物降解时间很短，但英国每天仍有超过120吨与香烟有关的垃圾被丢弃。）可知，在英国，与香烟有关的垃圾是一个严重的环境问题。ABD项均与原文实意不符。故选C项。
82. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Regardless of how severe the punishment might seem, however, among the reported cases only 2,000 were punished out of 825,000, so we still have some way to go in making sure people observe the rules.”（然而，不管处罚看起来多么严厉，在报告的82.5万件案件中，只有2000件被处罚，因此，在确保人们遵守规则方面还有一段路要走。）可知，关于在垃圾上的处罚是远远不够的。结合选项意思A“每一点都是有帮助的”、B“沧海一粟，九牛一毛”、C“没有付出就没有收获”、D“欲速则不达”可知与B项意思符合。故选B项。
83. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Compared with the obvious environmental issues we hear about every day, littering often takes a backseat-but it’s more pressing than we may think.”（与我们每天听到的显而易见的环境问题相比，乱扔垃圾往往被置于次要地位——但它比我们想象的更紧迫。）以及最后一段“To take back our beautiful cities, we need to do more than simply not leaving rubbish where it ought not to be. We need to care more about the world around us.”（为了夺回我们美丽的城市，我们需要做的不仅仅是不把垃圾留在不该在的地方。我们需要更多地关心我们周围的世界。）可知，文章主要讲的是乱扔垃圾是一个惊人的大问题。故选C项。
（2022·河南·温县第一高级中学一模）Internal communication, also known as IC, refers to a group of processes responsible for effective circulation of message within an organization. These messages are information that is valuable to the organization and are supposed to be kept confidential(机密的). The means of transferring this information is often done through emails, letters, notice boards, and even with the help of social media like Skype, Zoom, and Google Meet, in the current times.
Honest internal communication is the healthiest way to keep your organization growing. With honesty around the workplace, it is a safer environment for the employees to voice their opinions which could help in the modification of a certain operation that might have been outdated. Other than changes, not opening up to your colleagues can result in frustration and give rise to “gossip culture” at the workplace. When information is not passed out with lucidity, not only does the quality of work get affected but it also gives rise to questioning the worth of the time spent in the company.
An atmosphere of honesty also encourages growth in responsibility, leadership, and self-accountability. If the CEO of a company voices the shortcomings of his team in a respectful manner, it would bring room for each and every employee to take it on a positive note and bring around the change for the one common goal of development of the company that they are working for. This brings a lot of change in the attitude of every individual employee since they start seeing the company that they are working for as an asset that they cherish (珍爱) dearly.
In a workplace, things go both wrong and right, so it is important to both appreciate and criticize when such situations occur from the end of both the leadership and the employees. The positives should be celebrated while the negatives should be taken as positive criticisms that could help the company grow into something better. The main goal of unity and development should always be kept in mind.
84. Which is considered one main character of IC?
A. It comes with the times of social media.
B. It exists within the leadership of a company.
C. It is often kept secret within an organization.
D. It needs a long and difficult process in most cases.
85. What does the underlined word “lucidity” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Clearness. B. Appreciation. C. Authority. D. Assistance.
86. What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A. The main responsibilities of the CEO.
B. The importance of unity for a company.
C. The advantage of a powerful leadership.
D. The role of an honest leadership in a company.
87. What does the author suggest to us in a workplace in the last paragraph?
A. Communicating both the positives and the negatives.
B. Taking responsibilities bravely for our mistakes.
C. Trying all possible means to avoid the negatives.
D. Strengthening unity mainly among the employees.
【答案与解析】
这是一篇议论文。文章主要以内部沟通为话题，讲述了其对于公司，个人，领到以及员工的重要意义。诚实的内部沟通是保持组织成长的最健康的方式，诚实的氛围也鼓励责任感、领导力和自我责任感的增长，因此，在沟通过程中，应该正确对待信息，无论好坏。
84. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“Internal communication, also known as IC, refers to a group of processes responsible for effective circulation of message within an organization. These messages are information that is valuable to the organization and are supposed to be kept confidential.(内部沟通，也被称为IC，指的是组织内部负责信息有效传播的一组过程。 这些信息是对组织有价值的信息，应该保密。)”可知，内部沟通中的信息应该是有价值的，被保密的。由此可知，“在内部沟通中，消息被保密”是其特点之一。故选C项。
85. 词义猜测题。根据后文“not only does the quality of work get affected but it also gives rise to questioning the worth of the time spent in the company(这不仅会影响工作质量，还会让人质疑在公司花的时间是否值得)”可知，“When information is not passed out with lucidity”造成的结果并不好，造成这样的结果应该是内部沟通中的信息没有得到清楚的传达。由此可推知，“lucidity”应是“清楚；明确”含义，与选项A“Clearness.(清楚明确。)”表达含义一致。故选A项。
86. 主旨大意题。通过阅读文章第三段内容可知，首句“An atmosphere of honesty also encourages growth in responsibility, leadership, and self-accountability.(诚实的氛围也鼓励责任感、领导力和自我责任感的增长。)”为主旨句，并在后文用公司CEO举例具体讲述了诚实的领导能够在公司发挥积极的作用。D项“The role of an honest leadership in a company.(诚实的领导在公司中的作用。)”符合该段主旨。故选D项。
87. 推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“In a workplace, things go both wrong and right, so it is important to both appreciate and criticize when such situations occur from the end of both the leadership and the employees.(在工作场所，事情有好有坏，所以当这种情况发生时，无论是领导还是员工，欣赏和批评都是很重要的。)”可知，在作者看来，工作中，事情有好有坏，就会有欣赏和批评。由此可推知，作者应是建议在工作中应该诚实地传达信息，无论好坏，即，同时传达积极和消极的信息。故选A项。
21
（2022·辽宁·东北育才学校模拟预测）Princess culture is less about a princess lifestyle, and more about great-depth of character, serving as a beautiful reminder of worth—whether a girl is a princess or not. In Frances Hodgson Burnett’s A Little Princess, Sara Crewe survived her many tragedies and hardships by remembering “I am a princess. All girls are… even if they aren’t pretty, or smart, or young. They are still princesses.” Whether child or adult, all can benefit from the belief that no matter their circumstances, they always have value—that true self-worth goes beyond appearance or environment and is found deep within. No matter how difficult our circumstances are, princesses encourage us to remember our worth.
Spend much time with a four-year-old girl in the U.S and you will likely see some sort of princess play, whether it is dressing up, acting out stories, or playing with princess-themed toys. This particular type of pretend play is very important to children. Lindsey and Colwell found that children who regularly engage(参与)in pretend play have more positive emotions with peers(同龄人), score higher on emotional understanding, and are better at emotional regulation one year later. Research suggests that princess play specifically can lead to rich experiences for children as they expand on the stories of familiar characters.
Princesses also provide examples of “women who rule”, showing women and girls that they can be accepted as the heroines of their own stories and lead with wisdom and maturity(成熟). In other words, princesses inspire potential.
Adults often think of princesses in a negative way someone who is too proud or crazy about their appearance. But in children’s imagination, the word “princess” allows them to think about what they can become. Maybe they won’t save the world, but they will defend their values. Maybe they won’t have the perfect figure, but they can develop the confidence to move beyond appearance.
88. Why does the author mention Sara Crewe in the first paragraph?
A. To explain the definition of princesses.
B. To prove the value of princesses.
C. To tell her painful experiences.
D. To show her determination.
89. How does pretend play benefit children?
A. It makes children get high scores.
B. It helps children get on well with peers.
C. It helps children learn tings easily.
D. It encourages children to understand adults better.
90. Why do adults think negatively of princesses?
A. Children may focus on appearance.
B. Children may like to rule others.
C. Children may be addicted to virtual world.
D. Children may lose interest in communicating with adults.
91. What’s the author’s attitude towards princesses according to the passage?
A. Doubtful. B. Uncertain.
C. Positive. D. Disappointed.
【答案与解析】这是一篇议论文。文章就“公主”文化对人们—尤其是孩子有益展开讨论。
88. 推理判断题。根据第一段的“In Frances Hodgson Burnett’s A Little Princess, Sara Crewe survived her many tragedies and hardships by remembering “I am a princess. All girls are… even if they aren’t pretty, or smart, or young. They are still princesses.” Whether child or adult, all can benefit from the belief that no matter their circumstances, they always have value—that true self-worth goes beyond appearance or environment and is found deep within. No matter how difficult our circumstances are, princesses encourage us to remember our worth. （在弗朗西丝·霍奇森·伯内特的《小公主》中，萨拉·克鲁凭借回忆‘我是一位公主，所有的女孩都是……即使她们不漂亮，不聪明，也不年轻。她们还是公主。’从无数的悲剧和磨难中幸存下来。无论是儿童还是成人，所有人都可以受益于这样一种信念，即无论他们身处何种环境，他们都有真正的自我价值超越外表或环境的价值观，且深入内心。无论我们的处境多么艰难，‘公主’都鼓励我们记住自己的价值）”推知，作者提到Sara Crewe的故事是为了证明“公主”无论在什么环境下都让人受益的价值。故选B。
89. 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Lindsey and Colwell found that children who regularly engage(参与)in pretend play have more positive emotions with peers(同龄人), score higher on emotional understanding, and are better at emotional regulation one year later. （Lindsey和Colwell发现，经常参与虚拟游戏的孩子与同伴之间有更多的积极情绪，在情感理解方面得分更高，一年后在情感调节方面也更出色）”可知，虚拟游戏有助于孩子与同伴友好相处。故选B。
90. 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Adults often think of princesses in a negative way someone who is too proud or crazy about their appearance. （成年人对‘公主’的看法往往是消极的，认为他们对自己的外表过于骄傲或迷恋）”可知，成年人对“公主”有消极看法，是因为他们认为有这种思想的孩子可能只关注自己的外表。故选A。
91. 推理判断题。根据第一段的“No matter how difficult our circumstances are, princesses encourage us to remember our worth.（No matter how difficult our circumstances are, princesses encourage us to remember our worth.No matter how difficult our circumstances are, princesses encourage us to remember our worth.（无论我们的处境多么艰难，公主们都鼓励我们记住自己的价值）”，第三段的“In other words, princesses inspire potential.（换句话说，公主激发潜力）”和最后一段的“But in children’s imagination, the word “princess” allows them to think about what they can become. Maybe they won’t save the world, but they will defend their values. Maybe they won’t have the perfect figure, but they can develop the confidence to move beyond appearance.（但在孩子们的想象中，“公主”这个词让他们思考自己能成为什么。也许他们不会拯救世界，但他们会捍卫自己的价值观。也许他们不会拥有完美的身材，但他们可以培养出超越外表的自信）”推知，作者对“公主”的态度是积极正面的。故选C。
22
（2022·河南洛阳·一模）Do we still need cash? The days of holding notes in our hands may be numbered. The advancement of technology and the increase of new electronic and mobile device in today’s world is set to revolutionize how we make payments. With a swipe (刷) or a click of a mobile-phone app, our entire wealth is literally at our fingertips. As digital forms are increasingly replacing cash payments, some think that we should become fully cash-free. However, I do not believe we should move towards a completely cash-free society.
One of the main concerns of a cashless world is the risk of cheat and ridiculously, the inconvenience that follows. The instant content that accompanies cashless transactions (处理) could be compromised by online security issues. Technology experts argue that our current state of technology is unable to provide a secure cashless environment that could prevent people from accessing the system illegally and abusing the personal data. In addition, many online shopping sites lack strong systems that would protect their customers’ personal credentials (可信). Occasionally, when an account is “locked” due to a suspected cheating activity, having cash in hand becomes critical. In a cashless society, a victim of cheating would find himself locked out of his account and unable to access his money until the case is solved. Going cash-free causes great inconvenience in this case.
Another reason is that mankind might potentially become less thrift (节俭的). Paying in cash causes a psychological pain on consumers so that they are more cautious in their spending. As it is, cashless payments have already eased that pain somewhat. Thus, an even more careless digital payment could make us much less thrift.
The idea of cashless society is a very real, or even an exciting one. However, to safeguard the interests of all users, it is better to soften our enthusiasm — perhaps to be a less-cash society rather than a completely cashless one is a more working option.
92. How can cashless payments benefit people according to the author?
A. They can warn people of risks.
B. They can remind people of mistakes.
C. They can reduce psychological pain.
D. They can make life convenient.
93. What’s the second reason the author tells to support his idea?
A. The risk of cheat. B. The inconvenience.
C. The lack of safety. D. The desire to purchase.
94. What’s the best title for the passage?
A. Going Against the Cashless Wave B. Going Completely Cashless Is True
C. Stopping Moving towards Cashless D. We Do Not Need Cash Any Longer
95. The passage is mainly developed by ________.
A. giving examples B. analyzing causes
C. making introductions D. examining differences
【答案与解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了作者反对无现金社会的原因。
92. 细节理解题。由第三段“As it is, cashless payments have already eased that pain somewhat.(事实上，无现金支付已经在一定程度上缓解了这种痛苦)”可知，无现金支付可以减少花钱时的心理痛苦。故选C项。
93. 细节理解题。由第二段“One of the main concerns of a cashless world is the risk of cheat and ridiculously, the inconvenience that follows.(无现金世界的主要担忧之一是作弊的风险，以及随之而来的不便)”可知，作者论证的第二个理由是无现金支付的不便之处。故选B项。
94. 主旨大意题。由尾段“However, to safeguard the interests of all users, it is better to soften our enthusiasm — perhaps to be a less-cash society rather than a completely cashless one is a more working option.(但是，为了维护所有用户的利益，最好是缓和一下我们的热情——也许成为一个现金较少的社会而不是一个完全无现金的社会是一种更可行的选择)”可知，作者认为我们应该降低对于无现金社会的热情，即作者反对无现金社会。故选A项。
95. 推理判断题。由第二段开头“One of the main concerns(主要关注点之一)”和第三段开头“Another reason(另一个原因)”可知，作者是通过分析原因的方式来组织文章的。故选B项。
23
（2022·新疆·布尔津县高级中学一模）Feeling hungry? If so, what’s the easiest way to satisfy your hunger? Many of us will reach for a takeaway menu and order some delicious but possibly unhealthy food. And our increasingly busy and hectic lives, or some other reasons that we lack the skills to prepare a meal for ourselves might add to our need to buy ready-made food on the go or delivered to home.
Eating options (the freedom to choose) are endless, and new technology means we can feed our cravings or eager desires at the push of a button. Takeaway delivery apps make ordering food quick and convenient, and during the recent corona virus (冠状病毒) crisis, it provided a lifeline to those stuck at home with nothing to cook or who lacked the skills to prepare a meal for themselves. It’s estimated (估计) that in the UK alone, people eat three million takeaway meals a day, and the three biggest delivery apps together offer a choice of 100 cuisines from 60,000 restaurants. Amelia Brophy, Head of UK Data Products at YouGov, told the BBC that its research “suggests that the frequency of takeaways ordered is expected to increase in the future”.
It’s no wonder we are tempted and attracted to skip the grocery shopping, bypass the kitchen, and tuck into something that someone else has prepared. But ordering a deep crust pizza, a spicy curry or a box of noodles, can come at a price both financially and to our health. Eating too much processed and unhealthy fast food has some effect on obesity (肥胖) and the risk of developing certain metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. A few years ago, The BBC Good Food Nation Survey found that most people ate fast food on average two days per week. But, in the 16 to 20-year-old category, one in six ate fast food at least twice a day.
Of course, reducing salt, sugar and fat is one way to make takeaway food healthier, as well as offering smaller portion sizes. But the best advice you might want to take away from this Takeaway English is to find a recipe book and try making your own nutritious meal. And if you haven’t got time, try ordering a healthier alternative from the menu.
96. Why might some people choose to order a takeaway meal?
A. They might be too lazy to cook themselves.
B. They might never have the experience of cooking.
C. They might be so young that they can’t cook for themselves.
D. They might be too busy to cook or might be short of the skills to prepare a meal.
97. What is the quick and easy way to order your takeaway food?
A. Takeaway delivery apps B. A takeaway menu C. Grocery shopping. D. Going to the restaurant.
98. What’s the number of the takeaway meals eaten by people a day in the United Kingdom?
A. 100. B. 60,000. C. 3,000,000 D. 3,000,000,0000
99. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A. The reasons of the great need of takeaway food.
B. The suggestions of making takeaways healthier.
C. The increases of takeaways in the future.
D. The results of fast food.
【答案与解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了点外卖食品的利与弊及让外卖更健康的建议。
96. 细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“And our increasingly busy and hectic lives, or some other reasons that we lack the skills to prepare a meal for ourselves might add to our need to buy ready-made food on the go or delivered to home.”（我们的生活越来越忙碌，或者我们缺乏为自己准备食物的技能等其他原因可能会增加我们在路上购买现成食物或递送食物到家的需要。）可知，因为我们的生活越来越忙碌，或者因为我们缺乏为自己准备食物的技能，所以我们需要购买现成食物或点外卖，由此可知，有些人会选择点外卖是因为他们可能太忙而不能做饭，或者可能缺乏做饭的技能。故选D项。
97. 细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“Eating options (the freedom to choose) are endless, and new technology means we can feed our cravings or eager desires at the push of a button.”（饮食选择（自由选择）是无止境的，而新技术意味着我们只需按下一个按钮就可以满足我们的愿望或渴望。）和“Takeaway delivery apps make ordering food quick and convenient”（外卖递送应用程序使点餐快捷方便）可知，外卖递送应用程序使点餐快捷方便，我们只需按下一个按钮就可以，由此可知，点外卖食品的快捷和简单的方式是用外卖递送应用程序。故选A项。
98. 细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“It’s estimated (估计) that in the UK alone, people eat three million takeaway meals a day, and the three biggest delivery apps together offer a choice of 100 cuisines from 60,000 restaurants.”（据估计，仅在英国，人们每天就要吃300万份外卖餐，而三大外卖应用程序加在一起提供了来自60000家餐厅的100种美食选择。）可知，据估计，仅在英国，人们每天就要吃300万份外卖餐，由此可知，在英国，人们每天吃3,000,000份外卖餐。故选C项。
99. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段关键句“Of course, reducing salt, sugar and fat is one way to make takeaway food healthier, as well as offering smaller portion sizes.”（当然，减少盐、糖和脂肪是使外卖食品更健康的一种方法，同时提供更小的份量。）和“And if you haven’t got time, try ordering a healthier alternative from the menu.”（如果你没有时间，试着从菜单上点一份更健康的替代品。）可知，最后一段告诉我们如何让外卖食品更健康，例如作为商家可以减少外卖食品的盐、糖和脂肪，或者提供小份量的食品等，作为顾客可以从菜单上点一份更健康的食品，由此可知，最后一段主要讲的是让外卖更健康的建议。故选B项。
24
（2022·陕西·西安中学二模）The new radio programme from Self-help expert Glennon Doyle unexpectedly disturbed me. In a session of We Can Do Hard Things, she focuses on boundaries and their importance to our mental happiness. I heartily agree with her, because saying a polite but firm “no” is one of the basics for a happy life. I was, however, interested when she raised the idea that perhaps, as well as learning when to confirm our boundaries, we also need to stretch them. When does a boundary become a cage that locks us away?
Isn’t it always the case that just as you think you’ve got an area of life nailed; somebody comes along to show you that that’s not the case? As I listened, I started to see boundaries that might cause more problems than they were solving.
There was the work boundary that said that unless a project fell exactly into my topics, I wouldn’t take it- -which meant that I turned down work that was otherwise interesting and rewarding.
There was the boundary that said I wasn’t to buy anything until I’d reached my savings goal－which resulted in me having to restart my laptop 20 times a day.
And then there was a boundary around relationships that set out exactly how I should be treated and what I wanted in them. Helpful to some extent, it blocked me from allowing someone to express their love for me, even if it wasn’t quite what I had predicted.
Had I been doing boundaries wrong all the time? Did I need to figure them all out again? I’ve spent the past few weeks looking at the boundaries I’ve secretly put in place, and I’ve let myself lower some that have been my protection over the years. Then I’ve come to the conclusion that, when it comes to boundaries, I’m a beginner again, and that’s fine. In fact, being back at the beginning is a blessing because it means there are still lessons to be learned and adventures to be had and that is something for which I can only be grateful.
100. What has really interested the author in Glennon Doyle’s programme?
A. The importance of confirming our boundaries.
B. The benefits of boundaries to our happiness.
C. The urgency of maintaining our boundaries.
D. The necessity of reassessing our boundaries.
101. What can be concluded as to the author’s views on boundaries?
A. We should favour savings goals over boundaries.
B. Boundaries tend to keep us from potential friends.
C. Boundaries are very likely to relieve boredom at work.
D. We should stick to boundaries despite inconvenience.
102. How did the author feel about boundaries after the adjustments?
A. Relaxed. B. Depressed. C. Pressured. D. Amused.
103. What is probably the best tittle for the passage?
A. Just when you think you’ve got things sorted ..
B. Just where you believe there’s no way out ..
C. How can we live a life without boundaries?
D. How do we become victims of boundaries?
【答案与解析】本文是议论文。文章主要围绕人不能只做自己喜欢的习惯的事情，我们要突破局限，找到新的自我。
100. 细节理解题。根据第一段“I was, however, interested when she raised the idea that perhaps, as well as learning when to confirm our boundaries, we also need to stretch them.”（然而，我感兴趣是当她提出那个观点的时候，她说也许，当我们学习确认我们的界限的时候，我们也需要延展它们）可知，作者对Glennon Doyle的节目感兴趣的地方是要重新评估我们的界限。故选D。
101. 推理判断题。根据第五段“Helpful to some extent, it blocked me from allowing someone to express their love for me, even if it wasn’t quite what I had predicted.”（在某种程度上，它阻挡了我允许他人向我表达他们对我的喜欢，即使那不是我曾预料到的）可知，在作者看来，设置界限会阻止我们交到可能的朋友。故选B。
102. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“when it comes to boundaries, I’m a beginner again, and that’s fine.”（当说到界限时，我又成为了一个新手，并且这很好）可知，在调整了之后，作者觉得很放松。故选A。
103. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“I was, however, interested when she raised the idea that perhaps, as well as learning when to confirm our boundaries, we also need to stretch them.”（然而，我感兴趣是当她提出那个观点的时候，她说也许，当我们学习确认我们的界限的时候，我们也需要延展它们）可知，作者是想通过一个节目引出话题：我们不能局限在一定的界限之内，我们要突破局限，找到新的自我。A选项“就当你认为你已经把一切都分好类的时候…”后面的省略号就是要让读者反思，是否要按照界定好的去做，是否要突破。符合文章意思。故选A。
25
（2022·河北·邯郸一中模拟预测）There are some 7,000 languages spoken worldwide, each unique, using different sounds, vocabularies and structures. Charles the Great said: “To have a second language is to have a second soul.” This begs the question: Does the language we speak shape who we are? As it turns out, yes.
In societies such as the United States or Western Europe, self-expression and language precision are valued. Asian cultures, on the other hand, prefer an indirect form of communication. Words like “perhaps” and “maybe” are used more than “yes” or “no”. Americanism takes an informal approach to communication. Therefore it’s OK to refer to a stranger or the boss as “you”. However, the Thai language has 12 forms of the same pronoun, choosing one depends on status. In this way, languages are essential in navigating (导航) any culture, be that our own or otherwise.
People who speak different languages notice different things, depending on the constructs of their mother tongue. Take an accident. In English, it’s OK to say: “She broke the glass.” But in a language like Spanish, you’d probably go with: “The glass broke.” The same incident produces two different responses. English speakers will remember who’s at fault, because their language asks them to, while Spanish speakers are more likely to remember it was an accident. This has real consequences, especially when it comes to crime and punishment.
Professor Jim Cummins has written extensively on mother tongues. For Cummins, the stronger our home language, the easier it is for us to learn others. Of course, research also shows that being bilingual (会说两种语言的) gives people many advantages in life. Linguist Julien Leyre writes that learning another language develops our ability to “understand the mental world of another person, based on the language they use, and how that world is different from our own.”
Our mother tongue is central to how we think, what we know and who we are. Like us, languages are living things that change over time and must be cared for to survive. By doing so, we protect not just the linguistic structures or vocabularies we use, but the culture, knowledge and power behind them.
104. Why does the author mention “Americanism” and “the Thai language” in Paragraph 2?
A. To tell the cultural differences between them.
B. To indicate a language is a guide to a culture.
C. To stress American expressions are informal.
D. To reveal a language is associated with status.
105. What is English speakers’ response to an accident?
A. They will seek blame. B. They will punish others.
C. They will avoid responsibility. D. They will draw a lesson from it.
106. What does Julien Leyre think about bilinguals?
A. They enjoy a more colorful life.
B. They can remain mentally healthy.
C. They find it easier to learn a language.
D. They can gain insight into others’ minds.
107. What can be the best title for the text?
A. How do languages differ?
B. Will your language be extinct?
C. Why does our mother tongue matter?
D. Should we speak a second language?
【答案与解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过引出“Does the language we speak shape who we are?（我们说的语言是否塑造了我们）”这个问题，然后分析原因，最后得出结论：我们的母语对我们如何思考、我们知道什么以及我们是谁至关重要的。

104. 推理判断题。根据第二段“In this way, languages are essential in navigating (导航) any culture, be that our own or otherwise. (因此，语言在引导任何文化中都是必不可少的，无论是我们自己的文化还是其他文化。)”可知语言在引导任何文化中都至关重要，由此可推断出，作者提到“美国腔”和“泰语”是用来说明语言是文化的指南。故选B。
105. 细节理解题。根据第三段“English speakers will remember who’s at fault, because their language asks them to, while Spanish speakers are more likely to remember it was an accident.(说英语的人会记得是谁错了，因为他们的语言要求他们这样做，而说西班牙语的人更有可能记得这是一个意外。)” 可知，当意外发生之后，说英语的人会追究责任。故选A。
106. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Linguist Julien Leyre writes that learning another language develops our ability to “understand the mental world of another person, based on the language they inhabit, and how that world is different from our own.(语言学家朱利安·莱尔(Julien Leyre)写道，学习另一种语言可以发展我们的能力，“基于他人原始的语言，以及这个世界与我们自己的世界有何不同，来理解他们的心理世界。”)”可知，语言学家Julien Leyre认为会说两种语言的人能够理解对方的精神世界。故选D。
107. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文围绕“Does the language we speak shape who we are?(我们所说的语言决定了我们是谁吗？) ”这个问题展开，结合最后一段“Our mother tongue is central to how we think, what we know and who we are. Like us, languages are living things that change over time and must be cared for to survive. By doing so, we protect not just the linguistic structures or vocabularies we use, but the culture, knowledge and power behind them.(我们的母语对我们的思维方式、我们知道什么以及我们是谁至关重要。和我们一样，语言也是生命体，随着时间的推移会发生变化，必须加以保护才能生存。通过这样做，我们不仅保护我们使用的语言结构或词汇，而且保护它们背后的文化、知识和权力 。)”点明主题，阐述了母语对我们来说至关重要，可知C项“Why does our mother tongue matter?(为什么我们的母语很重要？)”符合文章的主旨，适合作为本文的标题。故选C。
26
（2022·全国·重庆南开中学模拟预测）Why make a film about Ned Kelly? More ingenious crime than those committed by the reckless Australian bandit are reported very day. What is there in Ned Kelly to justify dragging the mesmeric Mick Jagger so far into the Australian bush and away from his natural haunts? The answer is that the film makers know we always fall for a bandit, and Jagger is set to do for bold Ned Kelly what Brando once did for the arrogant Emiliano Zapata.
The bandit inhabits a special realm of legend where his deeds are embroidered by others; where his death rather than his life is considered beyond belief; where the men who bring him to“justice” are afflicted with doubts about their role.
The bandits had a role to play as definite as that of the authorities who condemned them. These were men in conflict with authority, and, in the absence of strong law or the idea of loyal opposition, they took to the hills. Even there, however, many of them obeyed certain unwritten rules.
There robbers, who claimed to be something more than mere thieves, had in common, firstly, a sense of loyalty and identity with the peasants they came from. They didn’t steal the peasant’s harvest; they did steal the lord’s.
And certain characteristics seem to apply to “social bandits” whether they were in Sicily or Peru. They were generally young men under the age of marriage, predictably the best age for dissidence. Some were simply the surplus male population who had to look for another source of income; others were runway serfs or ex-soldiers; a minority, though the most interesting, were outstanding men who were unwilling to accept the meek and passive role of peasant.
They usually operated in bands between ten and twenty strong and relied for survival on difficult terrain and bad transport. And bandits proposed best where authority was merely local —over the next hill and they were free. Unlike the general run of peasantry they had a taste for flamboyant dress and gesture; but they usually shared the peasants’ religious beliefs and superstitions.
The first sign of a man caught up in the Robin Hood syndrome was when he started out, forced into outlawry as a victim of injustice; and when he then set out to “right wrongs”, first his own and then other people’s. The classic bandit then “take from the rich and gives to the poor” in conformity with his own sense of social justice; he never kills except in self-defense or justifiable place; his people admire and help to protect him; he dies through the treason of one of them; he behaves as of invisible and invulnerable; he is a “loyalist”, never the enemy of the king but only of the local oppressors.
None of the bandits lived up fully to this image of the “noble robber” and for many the claim of larger motives was often a delusion.
Yet amazingly, many of these violent men did behave at least half the time in accordance with this idealist pattern. Pancho Villa in Mexico and Salvatore Giuliano in Italy began their careers harshly victimized. Many of their charitable acts later became legends.
The bandit in the real world is rooted in peasant society and when its simple agricultural system is left behind so is he. But the tales and legends, the books and films continue to appear for an audience that is neither peasant nor bandit. In some ways the characters and deeds of the great bandits could so readily be the stuff of grand opera — Don Jose on “Carmen” is based on the Andalusian bandit El Empranillo. But they are perhaps more at home in folk songs, in popular tales and the ritual dramas of films. When we sit in the darkness of the cinema to watch the bold deeds of Ned Kelly we are caught up in admiration for their strong individuality, their simple gesture of protest, their passion for justice and their confidence that they cannot be beaten. This sustains us nearly as much as it did the almost hopeless people from whom they sprang.
108. Which of the following words is NOT intended to suggest approval of bandits?
A. Bold (Para. 1).
B. Claimed (Para. 4).
C. Legend (Para. 2).
D. Loyalty (Para. 4).
109. Of the following reasons which is the LEAST likely one for becoming bandits?
A. They liked theatrical clothes and behavior.
B. They wanted to help the poor country folk.
C. They were unwilling to accept injustice.
D. They had very few careers open to them.
110. “…began their careers harshly victimized” (Par. 9) means that they _____.
A. had received excessive ill-treatment
B. were severely punished for their crimes
C. took to violence through a sense of injustice
D. were misunderstood by their parents and friends
111. What has made bandits suitable as film heroes is that they_____.
A. are sure they are invincible
B. possess a theatrical quality
C. retain the virtues of a peasant society
D. protest against injustice and inequality
【答案与解析】本文是议论文。文章讨论了电影制片人把土匪作为电影主角的原因。
108. 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“These robbers, who claimed to be something more than mere thieves...( 这些强盗，他们声称自己不仅仅是小偷)”可知，claim意为“声称，宣称”，是中性词，无法表示对土匪的认可，故选B；由第一段最后一句中的“the film makers know we always fall for a bandit(电影制作人知道我们总是喜欢绿林好汉)”可知，“Jagger is set to do for bold Ned Kelly what Brando once did for the arrogant Emiliano Zapata(白兰度曾为傲慢的Emiliano Zapata做过的事，如今贾格尔也准备好为大胆的内德·凯利这么做。)”中的bold在这里是褒义，表示土匪内德·凯利的“大胆”，因此排除A；第二段第一个分句指出土匪生活在一个特殊的legend王国，紧接着三个where引导的并列定语从句修饰realm of legend，根据从句的句意可知, legend意为“传奇”，是褒义，表示对土匪的认可，故排除C；第四段第一句提到“There robbers, who claimed to be something more than mere thieves, had in common, firstly, a sense of loyalty and identity with the peasants they came from.(这些强盗，声称自己不仅仅是小偷，有共同之处，他们首先对自己出身的阶级——农民，拥有忠诚感和认同感。)”该句表明这些强盗对农民拥有共同的忠诚感和认同感，紧接着第二句进一步解释了这种忠诚感是指他们偷走的是贵族而不是农民的收成, 由此可知, loyalty为褒义，故排除D。故选B项。
109. 细节理解题。第六段最后一句“Unlike the general run of peasantry they had a taste for flamboyant dress and gesture; but they usually shared the peasants’ religious beliefs and superstitions.(不像普通的农民，他们喜欢派头十足的衣服和姿态，但他们通常拥有和农民相同的宗教信仰和迷信。)”可知，不像普通的农民，土匪喜欢派头十足的衣服和姿态，说明了土匪和普通农民的区别，而不是人们成为土匪的原因，故选A项。
110. 词句猜测题。根据第九段第一句“Yet amazingly, many of these violent men did behave at least half the time in accordance with this idealist pattern.(然而，令人吃惊的是，这些暴力分子中有许多人至少一半时间的确是在按照这种理想主义模式行事。)”提到这些暴力分子中有许多人至少半数时间的确是在按照这种理想主义模式行事，紧接着第二句“Pancho Villa in Mexico and Salvatore Giuliano in Italy began their careers harshly victimized. Many of their charitable acts later became legends.(墨西哥的潘丘·维拉和意大利的萨尔瓦托·袭连诺由于遭受残酷迫害而开始他们的职业生涯。他们的许多慈善行为后来成为传奇。)”指出墨西哥的潘丘·维拉和意大利的萨瓦托·裘连诺“began their careers harshly victimized”，由此可知第二句是以潘丘·维拉和萨尔瓦托·裘连诺为例说明这些暴力分子是在按照这种理想主义模式行事,也就是说潘丘·维拉和萨尔瓦托·袭连诺开始从事的是暴力事业，即took to violence，而上文第七段具体说明了这种理想主义模式，其中第一句“The first sign of a man caught up in the Robin Hood syndrome was when he started out, forced into outlawry as a victim of injustice(人们染上罗宾汉综合征的第一个迹象是，他刚开始时是作为不公正的受害者而被迫成为非法之徒)”指出人们刚开始时是作为不公正的受害者而被迫成为非法之徒，由此可以推断, harshly victimized是指潘丘·维拉和萨尔瓦托·袭连诺刚开始是由于遭受残酷迫害而感到不公正，从而成为土匪，这与C表述一致。故选C项。
111. 推理判断题。第一段最后一句“The answer is that the film makers know we always fall for a bandit, and Jagger is set to do for bold Ned Kelly what Brando once did for the arrogant Emiliano Zapata.( 电影制作人知道我们总是喜欢绿林好汉，白兰度曾为傲慢的埃米利亚诺，萨帕塔做过的事，如今贾格尔也准备好为大胆的内德·凯利这么做。)”可知，电影制作人将土匪作为电影主角；紧接着下文解释了原因是土匪对社会不公的反抗， “劫富济贫”，从而得到人们的钦佩，他们的慈善行为成为传奇，因此推断是土匪抗议不公正和不平等的行为让他们成为适合成为电影主角。故选D项。
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（2022·广东广东·一模）It is better to keep your mouth closed and let people think you are a fool than, to open it and remove all doubt.
-Mark Twain
You can have something extremely smart, useful or funny to say, but if you say it at an improper time, you could make yourself look foolish.
Throughout history many famous, noteworthy people have taken Mark Twain's words to heart. These wise people knew when to talk and when to keep silent. Many leaders have to learn when to talk and when to keep silent even when it might be difficult to do so. All leaders must choose their words carefully, picking the right time to speak, so that their words can have the greatest impact.
If you learn to develop this skill of knowing when to hold your tongue, you will also become wise, even if people think you are not. Some people, in fact, will underestimate you because they do not know what you are thinking all the time. This can give you an advantage in many situations. When people underestimate you, they do not focus on you, leaving you to make and perform plans without being noticed.
If you think before you speak, you can also improve your listening skills, which is a very important and useful skill to have. Listening is another key trait(特征)for a leader to have, and it is harder to achieve than many people think. First, you have to be quiet, and then you have to listen attentively, with all your attention on what the person is saying to be a good listener. When you learn to stop and think before you speak and when you learn to become a good listener you will be well on your way to becoming a good leader. By being able to listen to the people that work with you and for you, you will be able to make informed decisions.
112. The quotation(引言)from Mark Twain functions as________.
A. an example B. a thread C. a comparison D. a model
113. The author takes the example of many famous, noteworthy people to express that____
A. influential people are able to express themselves freely
B. many important people didn't take Mark Twain's words seriously
C. leaders should attach great importance to when, how and what to say
D. the public will not understand them if famous, noteworthy people keep silent
114. According to the passage, what are the advantages of developing the skills of holding your tongue?
① You could be underestimated by others.       ② People often think highly of you.
③ You can polish up listening skills.               ④You will improve your relationship with others.
A. ①② B. ①③ C. ③④ D. ②④
115. Which of the following is the best title?
A. He That Talks Much Errs Much B. Facts Speaks Louder than Words
C. Even Homer Sometimes Nods D. A Still Tongue Makes a Wise Head
【答案与解析】本文是议论文。文章讨论了保持沉默的重要性。
112. 推理判断题。文章开篇引用马克·吐温的话，结合第二段内容“You can have something extremely smart, useful or funny to say, but if you say it at an improper time, you could make yourself look foolish.(你可以说一些非常聪明、有用或有趣的话，但如果你在不恰当的时候说，你可能会让自己看起来很愚蠢。)”和第三段的“Throughout history many famous, noteworthy people have taken Mark Twain's words to heart. These wise people knew when to talk and when to keep silent.(纵观历史，许多著名的人把马克的话铭记在心上。这些聪明的人知道什么时候该说话，什么时候该保持沉默。)”可推断，马克吐温的话被用来作为引子引出文章的主题；沉默是金。故选B。
113. 推理判断题。根据第二段内容“Throughout history many famous, noteworthy people have taken Mark Twain's words to heart. These wise people knew when to talk and when to keep silent. Many leaders have to learn when to talk and when to keep silent even when it might be difficult to do so. All leaders must choose their words carefully, picking the right time to speak, so that their words can have the greatest impact.(纵观历史，许多著名的人把马克的话铭记在心上。这些聪明的人知道什么时候该说话，什么时候该保持沉默。许多领导人必须学会什么时候说话，什么时候保持沉默，即使它可能很难这样做。所有的领导人都必须仔细选择他们的话，选择正确的时间发言，这样他们的话才能产生最大的影响。)”可推断，作者举许多名人的例子，想要说明；作为名人，更应该重视何时、何地，以何种方式说话，这样他们的话才能产生更大的影响。故选C。
114. 细节理解题。根据第四段的“Some people, in fact, will underestimate you because they do not know what you are thinking all the time. This can give you an advantage in many situations. When people underestimate you, they do not focus on you, leaving you to make and perform plans without being noticed.(事实上，有些人会低估你，因为他们一直不知道你在想什么。这可以让你在很多情况下获得优势。当人们低估你时，他们不会关注你，让你在不被注意的情况下制定和执行计划)”和第五段的“If you think before you speak, you can also improve your listening skills, which is a very important and useful skill to have.(如果你想好再说，你也可以提高你的听力技能，这是一个非常重要和有用的技能。)”可知，保持沉默可以让别人低估你的能力，这样你可以集中精力制定和执行你的计划，而不被人关注。其次，保持沉默还可以提高你的倾听能力。故选B。
115. 主旨大意题。根据第二段的“These wise people knew when to talk and when to keep silent. Many leaders have to learn when to talk and when to keep silent even when it might be difficult to do so.( 这些聪明的人知道什么时候该说话，什么时候该保持沉默。许多领导人必须学会什么时候说话，什么时候保持沉默，即使这样可能很难保持沉默)”和第三段的“If you learn to develop this skill of knowing when to hold your tongue, you will also become wise, even if people think you are not.(如果你学会了发展这种知道什么时候闭嘴的技能，你也会变得聪明，即使人们认为你不是。)”以及下文可知，文章论述了保持沉默的重要性。A.言多必失。B.事实胜于雄辩。C.智者千虑，必有一失。D.寡言者智。因此推断A项为最佳标题，与主旨一致。故选D。
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（2022·全国·重庆南开中学模拟预测）In 1953, when visiting his daughter’s maths class, the Harvard psychologist B. F. Skinner found every pupil learning the same topic in the same way at the same speed. Later, he built his first “teaching machine”, which let children tackle questions at their own pace. Since then, education technology (edtech) has repeated the cycle of hype and flop (炒作和失败), even as computers have reshaped almost every other part of life.
Softwares to “personalize” learning can help hundreds of millions of children stuck in miserable classes—but only if edtech supporters can resist the temptation to revive harmful ideas about how children learn. Alternatives have so far failed to teach so many children as efficiently as the conventional model of schooling, where classrooms, hierarchical year-groups, standardized curriculums and fixed timetables are still the typical pattern for most of the world’s nearly 1.5 billion schoolchildren. Under this pattern, too many do not reach their potential. That condition remained almost unchanged over the past 15 years, though billions have been spent on IT in schools during that period.
What really matters then? The answer is how edtech is used. One way it can help is through tailor-made instruction. Reformers think edtech can put individual attention within reach of all pupils. The other way edtech can aid learning is by making schools more productive. In California schools, instead of textbooks, pupils have “playlists”, which they use to access online lessons and take tests. The software assesses children’s progress, lightening teachers’ marking load and allowing them to focus on other tasks. A study suggested that children in early adopters of this model score better in tests than their peers at other schools.
Such innovation is welcome. But making the best of edtech means getting several things right. First, “personalized learning” must follow the evidence on how children learn. It must not be an excuse to revive pseudoscientific ideas such as “learning styles”: the theory that each child has a particular way of taking in information. This theory gave rise to government-sponsored schemes like Brain Gym, which claimed that some pupils should stretch or bend while doing sums. A less consequential falsehood is that technology means children do not need to learn facts or learn from a teacher—instead they can just use Google. Some educationalists go further, arguing that facts get in the way of skills such as creativity. Actually, the opposite is true. According to studies, most effective ways of boosting learning nearly all relied on the craft of a teacher.
Second, edtech must narrow, rather than widen, inequalities in education. Here there are grounds for optimism. Some of the pioneering schools are private ones in Silicon Valley. But many more are run by charter-school groups teaching mostly poor pupils, where laggards (成绩落后者) make the most progress relative to their peers in normal classes. A similar pattern can be observed outside America.
Third, the potential for edtech will be realized only if teachers embrace it. They are right to ask for evidence that products work. But skepticism should not turn into irrational opposition. Given what edtech promises today, closed-mindedness has no place in the classroom.
116. According to the passage, education technology can ________.
A. decrease teachers’ working load
B. facilitate personalized learning
C. help standardize curriculums
D. be loved by schoolchildren
117. Which example best argues against the underlined sentence in Para. 4?
A. The students who are better at memorization tend to be less creative.
B. Schools with bans on phones have better results than high-tech ones.
C. Shakespeare was trained in grammar but he penned many great plays.
D. Lu Xun’s creativity was unlocked after he gave up studying medicine.
118. The author believes that edtech functions well only when it is ________.
A. at the service of teaching
B. limited in use among pupils
C. aimed at narrowing the wealth gap
D. in line with students’ learning styles
119. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To stress the importance of edtech.
B. To introduce the application of edtech.
C. To discuss how to get the best out of edtech.
D. To appeal for more open-mindedness to edtech.
【答案与解析】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了“个性化”学习软件可以帮助数以亿计陷入悲惨课堂的孩子，但如何使用edtech（教育科技）是个问题，文章就如何充分利用edtech展开了讨论。
116. 细节理解题。由第一段中的“Later, he built his first “teaching machine”, which let children tackle questions at their own pace. (后来，他建造了第一台“教学机器”，让孩子们按照自己的节奏解决问题。)”和第二段中的“Softwares to “personalize” learning can help hundreds of millions of children stuck in miserable classes—but only if edtech supporters can resist the temptation to revive harmful ideas about how children learn. (“个性化”学习软件可以帮助数以亿计陷入悲惨课堂的孩子，但前提是edtech的支持者能够抵制住重新唤起关于孩子如何学习的有害想法的诱惑。)”可知，教育技术（edtech）可以让孩子们按照自己的节奏解决问题，促进个性化学习。故选B项。
117. 推理判断题。由第四段中的“A less consequential falsehood is that technology means children do not need to learn facts or learn from a teacher—instead they can just use Google. Some educationalists go further, arguing that facts get in the way of skills such as creativity. Actually, the opposite is true. According to studies, most effective ways of boosting learning nearly all relied on the craft of a teacher. (一个不那么重要的谬误是，科技意味着孩子们不需要学习事实或向老师学习，相反，他们可以直接使用谷歌。一些教育家更进一步，认为事实妨碍了诸如创造力之类的技能。事实上，恰恰相反。根据研究，促进学习的最有效方法几乎都依赖于教师的技能。)”可知，一些教育家认为学习事实或向老师学习会妨碍创造力，但研究表明，学习事实或向老师学习技能有助于促进学习，C项“莎士比亚受过语法训练，但他写了许多伟大的戏剧”体现了事实技能学习并不会妨碍创造力。故选C项。
118. 细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“Second, edtech must narrow, rather than widen, inequalities in education. Here there are grounds for optimism. Some of the pioneering schools are private ones in Silicon Valley. But many more are run by charter-school groups teaching mostly poor pupils, where laggards (成绩落后者) make the most progress relative to their peers in normal classes. (其次，edtech必须缩小而不是扩大教育不平等。这里有乐观的理由。一些开创性的学校是硅谷的私立学校。但更多的学校是由特许学校组织的，主要教授贫困学生，在这些学校里，相对于普通班的同龄人，落后学生取得的进步最大。)”可知，有贵族式私立学校，也有教授贫困学生的普通学校，因此作者认为edtech要有用，就需要edtech缩小教育上的贫富差距。故选C项。
119. 主旨大意题。第一段用哈佛心理学家B.F. Skinner的故事引入“教育技术（edtech）”，第二段讲“教育技术（edtech）能促进个性化学习，但效果不如传统的学校教育模式那样有效地教育那么多的儿童”，第三段讲“如何使用edtech的方法——通过量身定做的指导学习”，第四段讲“如何充分利用edtech——第一、个性化学习必须遵循儿童如何学习的证据”，第五段讲“如何充分利用edtech——第二、缩小教育上的贫富差距”，最后一段讲“如何充分利用edtech——只有教师接受教育技术，教育技术的潜力才能实现”，可知文章主要就edtech展开讨论，讨论了如何充分利用edtech。故选C项。
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（2022·福建漳州·二模）People say water can improve health and memory. But now some experts say that to think drinking water equals health is taking things too far and that hvdration(水合作用）is about the balance between electrolytes(电解质)like sodium and the water in your body.
Then. how much water do you need to drink? Many say you should drink eight 8-ounce glasses of water a day. Not so, some experts say. ___120___ A 200-pound person who hikes 10 miles in the heat needs more water than a 120-pound office manager in a temperature-controlled building.
___121___ Someone with a heart condition or kidney stones has one level of need. A person taking diuretic drugs(利尿药）may need a different amount of water.You may need to change the amount you are drinking if you lave been ill with vomiting or diarrhea.
Water is a better choice than sugary sodas or fruit juices.___122___One popular idea is that caffeine or alcohol will make your body lose much water. But one study showed the effect is not significant.You also get water from what you eat. Fruits, vegetables, and soups all add to the intake of water. Your body will tell you if you are hydrated enough. You don't have to think about it or add up the ounces you drink.___123___
Electrolytes are essential minerals. ___124___ Some sports drinks ads say you need to add electrolytes to stay healthy. But some experts say that your body produces electrolytes. You may need more water if you exercise a lot during the heat of the day. Otherwise, most people get enough electrolytes from food.
A. Just drink then you are thirsty.
B. They are vital to many functions in the body
C. It gives you more energy and makes you look good.
D. Instead, your body and the activities you attend matter.
E. It is also necessary to set a timetable about when to drink water.
F. The amount of water you need in a day also depends on your health.
G. But when it comes to hydration, any drink can add water to your system.
【答案与解析】本文为议论文，首先提出两个关于水的不同观点：饮水能改善健康状况与记忆；饮水并不等同于健康，水合作用是体内电解质与水的平衡。然后从四方面对后者展开论证。
120. 根据空前“how much water do you need to drink?”引出本段话题：你需要喝多少水。然后提出许多人对此的看法，并被专家否定了。后面对比不同人的需水量，说明了体重及其进行的活动不同，需水量不同，故选D项。
121. 从空后“heart condition”“ kidney stones”(肾结石)“ A person taking diuretic drugs(利尿药)”“ vomiting or diarrhea”(呕吐或腹泻)可看出，该段主要在说需水量与个人身体健康状况有关，此空为该段的主旨句，故选F项。
122. 根据空后“You also get water from what you eat.”该句表明人们可以从吃的事物中获取水，其中“also”，说明前面已经提出了一个人体中水的来源，G项“any drink can add water to your system.”符合要求，且与第一句“Water is a better choice than sugary sodas or fruit juices.”连贯，“any drink”与“sugary sodas or fruit juices”对应，故选G项。
123. 根据空前“Your body will tell you if you are hydrated enough.”(你的身体会告诉你体内的水是否充足。)“You don't have to think about it or add up the ounces you drink.”(你不必思考这个问题也不必增加喝水量。)你口渴的时候就是身体在给你信号，所以你在这个时候喝水就可以了，不必专门去考虑体内的水是否充足，A项符合，故选A项。
124. 根据空后“add electrolytes to stay healthy”表明电解质有利健康，说明电解质在人体内有重要作用，B项符合，“They”对应“Electrolytes”，“vital”对应“essential”，故选B项。