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冲刺2022年高考英语之名校阅读理解试题跟踪练(通用版)09
阅读理解议论文30篇3
1
（2021·河南郑州·模拟预测）I’m retiring from teaching and will enjoy family life with my wife and grandchildren. Recalling my teaching career, I have a lot to share, but one thing is for sure: Teachers learn just as much from students as students learn from teachers. Here are a few of the things I have learned in my job.
Roger was physically and mentally delayed. About once a month, we would have a dance in our classroom. Roger was awkward and ashamed when it came to asking a girl to dance with him. But once, I noticed that Roger was slow dancing with Leah, one of the most popular girls in the class.He had the biggest smile on his face. The next day, when Roger left my classroom to work with his support teacher, I praised Leah for inviting Roger to dance. That simple act of including him in a slow dance was such a great move. At our next dance, Roger asked Leah and every girl in the class to dance. No one turned him down. Leah taught me about the kindness of a simple act and its great effect.
It was Serena who showed us what bravery was about. Serena was our play’s narrator (旁白员). She was scared she would forget her lines. “If you do,” I advised, “pause, stare at the audience and take time to remember. The audience will think it’s part of the play.” Halfway through the opening night, Serena forgot her lines. She stared out at the 300 people gathered in the gym. After what seemed like forever, Serena remembered. After the performance, she burst into tears backstage, thinking she had let everybody down. When our principal came back to congratulate our cast, she turned to Serena and said her pause worked so well. Little did she know about Serena’s little act of bravery.
Teachers spend hours making lessons to teach skills and knowledge. We adjust lessons, keep the good and throw out the bad. A good teacher listens to and learns from students and often it has nothing to do with the curriculum.
1. How did Roger feel in the class dance at first?
A. Embarrassed. B. Surprised. C. Confident. D. Delighted.
2. Which of the following words can best describe Leah?
A. Creative and funny. B. Clever and brave.
C. Humorous and patient. D. Kind and likeable.
3. Why did Serena cry after the performance?
A. She felt she had disappointed others.
B. She was praised for her good performance.
C. She was blamed for saying the wrong lines.
D. She was extremely happy she had finished the task.
4. What does the author want to express in this passage?
A. He is proud of being a teacher.
B. Students should be kind and brave.
C. He is unwilling to retire from teaching.
D. Teachers should also learn from students.
2
（2021·黑龙江·哈尔滨三中模拟预测）When you consciously keep thinking of something, your unconscious mind will somehow spontaneously（自发地） push that idea or issue back to the surface even when you are doing something else, because your unconscious mind accepts, stores and plays back everything that the conscious mind focuses on. The unconscious mind is like a “yes” person, agreeing, accepting and reminding.
Hence, your unconscious mind can respond positively or negatively, depending on how you have consciously conditioned it—by constantly thinking about something. For instance, if you keep thinking negatively of someone, you will constantly say negative things about that person when you arc chatting away with another friend. If you keep telling yourself that it is very difficult to study English or that your English lecture is boring, then that thought will always crop up uninvited when you arc chatting with someone or doing something else. That is how the unconscious mind works. Successful athletes who consciously, continuously and consistently focus on superior performance actually perform well because they are driven by their unconscious mind. It's important to understand that whatever you consciously focus on, your unconscious mind will accept it. You need to think positively so that your unconscious mind will respond likewise. If you find yourself in a negative mood, discontinue that mood. Perhaps look at yourself through a mirror and sec how “ugly” your face is when you arc in a bitter mood. If you have a coin, flip it over. Say to yourself：“There are two sides of me, the good and the bad. Now I seem to be bad, so let's focus on the good. ”
You must not hold a negative thought too long, or it will come back again and get more rooted in your system. Once you are in a negative system, it would take much more reprogramming to uproot the bad “trees" in your mind. You could have a full-grown negative “forest" in your mind—and that could take ages to uproot. So replace it with a positive thought. Affirm（强化） consciously, continuously and consistently your new positive image. Focus on the new trait visually and see yourself succeeding in it.
Review your behavior. Do you moan and groan too often? Do you talk like a loser? Are you small-minded, selfish and unforgiving? It's time you consciously conditioned your unconscious mind to work in a positive manner.
5. What does the underlined phrase “crop up” probably mean in the second paragraph?
A. To produce. B. To arise. C. To take up. D. To workout.
6. How docs the author support the idea that “one's unconscious mind can respond positively or negatively"?
A. By analyzing relevant statistics. B. By describing his personal experiences.
C. By explaining ca uses. D. By providing examples.
7. What can we infer from the third paragraph?
A. Positive thoughts can replace negative thoughts automatically.
B. Negative thoughts arc obstacles to your academic performance.
C. It will take consistent efforts to get out of a negative system.
D. Negative thoughts result from your negative image in life.
8. Which of the following would be the best title forth c passage?
A. Train Your Unconscious Mind
B. Your Unconscious Mind Shapes Your Character
C. Uproot Your Unconscious Mind
D. Conscious Mind Outweighs Unconscious Mind
3
（2021·浙江省杭州第二中学模拟预测）Critics of higher education often complain that universities offer too many worthless degrees with little value in the workplace. Since top universities tend to produce higher-earning graduates than less selective institutions do, you might expect them to teach more practical courses. Yet data from Britain's department for education show the opposite. Undergraduate students at leading universities are more likely to study purely academic fields such as philosophy and classics, whereas those at less choosy ones tend to pick career-related topics such as business or nursing.
What could explain this seeming contradiction? One reason is that employers treat a degree from a top university as an indicator of intelligence. This means that students at top institutions can study bookish subjects and still get by financially. The average Cambridge graduate in a creative-arts subject - tho university's least profitable group of courses, including fields such as music - earns around £25, 000 ($32, 400) at age 26. Economics students from less well-known universities, such as Hull, make a similar amount.
Yet even though Oxbridge students can pretend to read "Ulysses" for years and still expect a decent salary, they end up paying a large opportunity cost by pursuing the arts. That is because employers reserve the highest starting wages for students who both attended a leading university and also studied a marketable subject. Cambridge creative-arts graduates earn £11, 000 more at age 26 than do those from Wrexham Glyndwr University, whose arts graduates are the lowest-earning in Britain. In contrast, Cambridge economics graduates make £44, 000 more than those from the University of Salford, where the economics course is the country's least profitable.
Many gifted arts students would struggle to deal with numbers. But for those who can manage both, the cost of sticking with the arts, in terms of future wages, is steep. Cambridge creative-arts students have A-level scores close to those of economics students at Warwick, but earn about half as much. That is equal to giving up an annual income worth £50, 000.
9. What do critics think of British higher education?
A. There are not enough qualified university graduates.
B. University should produce more higher-earning graduates.
C. All universities degrees are of little value in the workplace.
D. Universities should offer more practical education to their students.
10. According to the passage, which student probably gets the highest starting wage?
A. A Hull economics graduate. B. An Oxford arts graduate.
C. A Cambridge economics graduate. D. A Salford arts graduate.
11. What can we can infer from the last paragraph?
A. Cambridge creative-arts students struggle to deal with numbers.
B. Studying a "useless" field at Cambridge costs a fortune in future earnings.
C. Economics students at Warwick can expect an annual income worth £25, 000.
D. Economics students at Warwick have A-level scores close to Cambridge students.
4
（2021·江苏省昆山中学二模）Not setting homework can be impossible in certain situations. There are many arguments in favor of homework, and most teachers would agree with many, if not all, of the following: homework is a perfect opportunity to go over calmly what was done with the teacher, and rethink and develop that initial input; homework offers a moment for students to work as individuals and develop learner self-governance outside the classroom; students and parents expect homework to be set and to be corrected. Nevertheless, the drawbacks that homework may have are often overlooked.
There are two key issues which need to be raised when dealing with the concept of homework. Firstly, there is the question of home. Often homework is not done at home at all, but at a friend’s house, on the street, on the bus on the way to class or sitting on the step outside school before it opens. What’s more, all too often, for it to be done effectively at home, homework requires the participation and involvement of other adults. Parents play a crucial role in a child’s education, but they can t always be available, for a number of very valid reasons, and a tutor’s ability to aid, guide, encourage and simply organize a son or daughter s study may be limited in many ways. The implication are unsetting: if homework is crucial to success in class, some children have an automatic disability.
Considering the second part of the compound noun opens up further questions. If the idea of home can be problematic, so too can the concept of work. Again, this will depend enormously on the context but, very often there is a lot of work put in. Demands on their time and attention span(持续时间)and all sorts of other impositions mean homework is usually something to get out of the way, to be ticked off as done, with the exercises completed as fast as possible. It is not always seen as useful times spent developing and strengthening what is done in class but, rather, as something quickly finished to keep the teacher at bay. It might be correct or not, copied from a friend or cut and pasted from the internet, but the important thing is that a teacher sees the exercise completed and, as a result, the task achieved: how much effort went into that result is not always appreciated or easy to evaluate and, even when work clearly falls below standard, and the mere fact of its having been done is often good enough. Teacher and students are happy because everyone has officially fulfilled their commitment.
The ideal that students go home, think back to what they did with their teacher, use the great resources their books and the internet provide to revise, reflect and put everything they have seen in class in place, into action, into practice, does not often happen with some students.
12. Which of the following is not among the advantages of homework according to paragraph 1?
A. Solidifying the knowledge and skills learnt in class.
B. Developing the ability of the independent learning.
C. Building a closer teacher-student relationship.
D. Meeting the requirements of students and parents.
13. Speaking of the significant impact of homework upon children’s success in class, some are just not good as others because________
A. their tutors are not always available to support them
B. they are born without the ability to deal with concepts
C. their family circumstances limit their learning ability
D. some unknown reasons greatly hold up their progress
14. “keep the teacher at bay” (paragragh3) means the way homework is done________.
A. blocks teachers from knowing more about their students
B. imposes enormous meaningless evaluating work on teachers
C. displays the great efforts students make to satisfy their teachers
D. shows achievements teachers expect to accomplish in their work
15. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. Are you ready for homework yet?
B. Is there a way out for homework?
C. Home and Work: both are hard to ignore.
D. Homework or No homework: it is your choice.
5
（2021·江苏·海安高级中学模拟预测）Hillary Clinton said, a decade ago, that "The subjugation(压迫) of women is a threat to the common security of our world." Societies that subjugate women are far more likely to be violent and unstable.
There are several possible reasons for this. In many places girls are selectively aborted(流产). This has led to abnormal sex ratios(比例), which mean millions of young men are doomed to remain single. Frustrated young men are more likely to commit violent crimes or join rebel groups.
Societies based on male bonding tend to subjugate women. Fathers choose whom their daughters will marry. Often there is a bride price -- the groom's family pay what are sometimes considerable sums to the bride's family. This encourages fathers to make their daughters marry early. Bride prices are common in half the world's countries. A fifth of the world's young women were married before the age of 18; a twentieth before 15. Child brides are more likely to drop out of school, less able to stand up to abusive husbands and less likely to raise healthy, well-educated children.
Peace talks should include women. Between 1992 and 2019, only 13% of negotiators and 6% of signatories of peace deals were female. Yet peace tends to last longer when women are at the table. This may be because they are more ready to compromise: or perhaps because a room without women implies a conflict between the men with guns without input from non-combatants(非武装人员).
More broadly, governments should mean it when they say they want to liberate half of humanity. Educate girls, many of whom have quit school to work or marry. Enforce bans on child marriage, hard though that is in remote villages. Equalize inheritance rights. Teach boys not to hit women. Introduce public pensions, which weaken the tradition where couples are expected to live with the man's parents. But policymakers who fail to consider the interests of half the population cannot hope to understand the world.
16. Why are young men likely to create social unrest?
A. Because they can't find wives due to gender imbalance.
B. Because they are frustrated by high bride prices.
C. Because inequality arouses a feeling of rebellion in them.
D. Because being single gives them freedom to commit crimes.
17. What can we learn from Paragraph3?
A. Daughters are often viewed as burden in some nations.
B. Female's status is low in male bonding societies
C. The majority of women worldwide get married before 18.
D. Fathers obey their daughters' wish to marry early and rich.
18. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph4 probably imply?
A. Men should not negotiate with women and cater to them.
B. Women should not submit to men and compromise with them.
C. Men with guns should be excluded in peace talks.
D. Women should get involved in peace negotiations.
19. What is the possible theme of this passage?
A. Societies that fail women often fail.
B. Governments should educate women.
C. Peace is never gained without women.
D. Gender discrimination hurts policymakers.
6
（2021·上海普陀·一模）A few years ago, Charles Barkley got into a lot of trouble for making the observation that sports figures didn't need to be role models. Thousands of fans and professional journalists were cross at this attack on the fundamental principle that the person who jumps highest must aim highest and the person who handles the running back must also be able to deal with life's problems with grace as well.
The problem is not that we look to these people for perfection when they take off their uniforms. It's that we expect anyone to be our representatives for perfection. That's stupid and it makes the rest of us down here lazy.
I get the importance of having heroes, the people who inspire us to cultivate the best potential within us and nurture our better angels. I personally have many heroes, from my mother, Lucy, to my favorite law professor, Howard. But these are personal contacts, people who have-actually touched my hand and my heart, and who occupy a pedestal（基座）built of my own experiences and aspirations. To look at an athlete or an actress with high salary and demand that he or she match our dreams is not only a waste of time, but it's dangerous. The danger comes in how this type of hero worship dehumanizes both the object of affection and the person who blindly adores. That was Barkley's point, not that we should give public figures a pass for being faulty but that we shouldn't abandon our own moral compasses and look to them for true north.
Recently on a television program I participated in, the discussion turned to Kathleen Kane. Someone suggested that the fact that the first female attorney general（首席检察官）in Pennsylvania was really messing things up could have unfortunate consequences for women seeking elected office. I offered the opinion that Kane was unquestionably criticized and that it was not hatred towards woman but incompetence at the root of the attacks. After the show aired, I had people emailing to tell me that I was either a traitor（叛徒）for publicly attacking a fellow female when we need to stand together behind this "role model", or a fool for not going a step further to say that this incompetent lawyer had made it harder for all women to move to the next level.
How depressing! Why should the inferior performance of one woman lead to such diverse but passionate views in people? The answer is obvious: Kane has stopped being an attorney general but has instead become The First Female Attorney General. She can't just make a mistake and pay the normal consequences.
If we stopped trying to live our lives through the accomplishments of public figures, many of whom look and sound like us, we'd learn how to recognize the heroic character of those we might actually know, and the heroic potential within ourselves. Or, perhaps, the honesty to accept our ordinary humanity.
20. Many people were angry with Charles Barkley mainly because________.
A. he broke fundamental principles in life
B. he was not good enough to be a role model
C. he doubted the perfection of some sports figures
D. he thought sports figures could have weaknesses
21. According to Barkley, why is it dangerous to take public figures as heroes?
A. Because we may let go of our own moral standards.
B. Because an athlete or actress cannot match our dreams.
C. Because we blindly admire public figures for their faults.
D. Because we shouldn't waste time imitating public figures.
22. From the passage we can infer that Kathleen Kane was________.
A. unfairly criticized due to being female
B. the first female attorney general in the US
C. less qualified than the public had expected
D. a role model for women seeking elected office
23. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. Be Our Representatives for Perfection B. Exploration of Our Own Heroic Potential
C. Our Unrealistic Expectation of Public Figures D. Our Conventional Views of Female Politician
7
（2021·全国·模拟预测）
Time to unfriend Facebook?
For the past 18 months, communicating the findings of science to the world has hit what sometimes seems like an all-time low. Never mind the years of failure in convincing much of the public about climate change; the pandemic has revealed shocking ineptness(拙劣)by the scientific establishment at conveying messages about masks, vaccination, or the dangers of consuming horse drugs and aquarium cleaners—even in the face of a rising death toll from COVID-19. One puzzling element of this crisis is how social media has been skillfully exploited by antiscience forces. Given all of this, what is the right move for science communication as it relates to social media? Unfriend Facebook or beat it at its own game?
A few months ago, New York Times reporters Cecilia Kang and Sheera Frenkel published An Ugly Truth: Inside Facebook’s Battle for Domination, in which they explored how the world’s largest social network, Facebook, fills its coffers by exploiting the viral spread of misinformation while trying to convince everyone of its noble mission to connect the world. Kang told me that she believes the algorithms and business practices of Facebook and other social media companies that encourage misinformation erect huge barriers, keeping people from paying attention to authoritative scientific information. Her ideas for combating this begin with understanding two kinds of misinformation that propagate through these powerful social networks. One is the news that is blatantly wrong. These posts are sometimes taken down but mostly flagged by Facebook’s algorithms with a disclaimer, which most people ignore. This has only a minor effect on stopping their spread. Kang sees an even bigger problem: the misinformation that arises from conversational posts among individuals. This kind of informal misinformation is frustrating because it’s not easy to police the people you know from saying crazy things on Facebook. The result is that both kinds of misinformation tend to rise to the top of Facebook’s news feeds because they get more engagement than posts about recent research findings reported in scholarly scientific articles or even in the mainstream press.
Communicating about research in real time is hard because science is always a work in progress, with caveats and answers that are not always definitive. That doesn’t translate well to social media or Facebook’s algorithms that determine which posts to promote. “Oftentimes that kind of content just does not work well in terms of engagement,” Kang said, “because it’s not the kind of stuff that people will immediately try to share.” The antiscience opposition doesn’t care about the caveats. Kang pointed out that “super figures” on social media, such as Ben Shapiro and Dan Bongino, have built up a loyal following of people who will believe them no matter what.
As tempting as it may be for frustrated scientists to simply delete their Facebook accounts and avoid this dreck, Kang believes that a better approach for them is to engage more aggressively by being “out there,” competing for people’s attention by the same rules. Refusing to play hardball on the social media field is not serving science or society well. The pandemic has seen the rise of numerous scientists on Twitter who have amassed relatively large followings, but their presence on Facebook is much smaller. Although Twitter is a powerful platform for political messages that get liked and retweeted, people tend to trust individuals they know on Facebook, making it powerful for changing hearts and minds. To do battle in this arena, science will need to find its own super figures who can compete directly with the Shapiros and Bonginos of the antiscience world. Some of these new figures might be practicing scientists, and some might be science communicators. What is crucial is a knack for cutting through the caveats and conditions and forcefully conveying the bottom line. Like their opponents, they need to be adept at strategically exploiting the algorithms that can push a post to the forefront or bury it in the never-ending racket.
Since the end of World War II, scientists have stick to the idea that if they stay objective and state the science, then the rest of the world will follow. As the pandemic cycles on, it’s time to face the fact that this old notion is naive.
24. Correct science information can’t convey to the public because .
A. The scientists are incapable.
B. The government doesn’t want to alarm the public.
C. The organization which against science is too strong.
D. The public are not willing to receive the information.
25. What’s the real meaning of the title “Time to unfriend Facebook” according to the passage?
A. We shouldn’t use Facebook.
B. Most information released on Facebook is unreal.
C. Scientists on Facebook are frequently banned to post their thoughts.
D. Facebook is becoming a tool of scientists.
26. How do Facebook block so many authority science information?
A. By using misleading algorithms.
B. By deleting the posts of some scientists’.
C. By stopping their services.
D. By setting obstacles caused by information asymmetry(信息不对称).
27. What does the writer want to express to the government or the society?
A. The government should not intervene the activities of netizens.
B. Facebook should relax their control towards the information about the pandemic.
C. It is ridiculous for the society to ban the useful and trustworthy messages.
D. The government should publish things about pandemic to comfort the public.
8
（2021·山东·模拟预测）Imagine two students. One is constantly shifting in his seat, looking around the classroom, and spinning his pencil. Another is sitting very still with his hands folded, watching you attentively. Which one is paying closer attention to your words and comprehending more of the lesson?
As a teacher of ADHD (多动症) students, I've learned that all is not as it seems. Some students are better able to control their emotions and minds when their bodies are free to move. This includes students who are autistic (自闭症). Additionally, autistic students often find eye contact uncomfortable and listen best while looking away.
If such students must squeeze their behavior into what many teachers call whole body listening—a motionless body and controlled stare—it could actually disturb their concentration. Perhaps a student who seems distracted (分心) is using his ways to effectively self-control, while one who appears to be listening may be distracted by the need to keep up appearances.
But this doesn't apply to all students. For some, the typical behavior of a "good listener" really does mean that they' re paying attention. So, if you can't use movement or eye contact as a standard of paying attention, how can you tell whether a student is listening attentively?
There are ways you can use to help students to figure this out. Give students freedom to experiment with ways to listen. You could start by explaining to students that you care more about what their minds are doing than what their bodies are doing. Then let them know they are free to look around and move around, as long as they make a sincere effort to listen.
The phrase whole body listening doesn't have to mean controlling natural movement. If we consider the diversity of what various bodies do while listening, whole body listening can take on a new, wide meaning—truly using your whole body to help you listen well.
28. Why are two students mentioned in paragraph 1?
A. To draw the attention of the readers.
B. To present an argument about listening.
C. To show what different students do in class.
D. To warn students to listen to teachers carefully.
29. What should a teacher do to help autistic students concentrate on lessons?
A. Ask them to answer questions. B. Control their body movements.
C. Limit their emotions and minds. D. Avoid watching them in the eyes.
30. What does the underlined word "this" refer to in paragraph 5?
A. Who can be a good listener. B. What good listening looks like.
C. The effort students make to listen. D. The freedom to move around in class.
31. What does the author focus on in the last paragraph?
A. The new meaning of whole body listening.
B. The natural body movements when listening.
C. The teachers' view on whole body listening.
D. The ways to listen with the whole body.
9
（2021·河南新乡·一模）In school, we' re taught word repetition is bad and that we shouldn't use the same word over and over again in the same piece. It gives the impression that we have a severely limited vocabulary.
Later on, however, we' re sometimes told that it's better to use the same word repeatedly. With dialogue, some novel-writing professors recommend using "said" with each comment instead of replacing it with synonyms（同义词）（whispered, responded, etc.）. Word repetition is also an emotional appeal strategy for speeches and sales, because people remember and respond to things they hear multiple times.
So which way is right?
The answer is, "It depends.” If you're writing for school, it's not a very good idea to use the same word constantly. If you're writing dialogue that you want to keep moving at a fast pace, using mostly “said” can help do that because "he said” and "she said” more or less fade into the background. They don't take much time or attention for the readers, so they can skip over and focus on the dialogue. However, this isn't a hard-and-fast rule. You might rely on “said” for one scene and mix in a bunch of synonyms for another.
Repeating a word can also provide emphasis, and it's really good for sales. Think about commercials and how they re-use specific words to make sure that those words stick in your memories. The trick to this method, however, is that you have to make sure other words aren't repeating the same way. Otherwise, the repetition loses its power.
In the end, it comes down to personal taste and the effect you' re trying to achieve. As Shakespeare said, "there is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so." You may need to repeat the same word every time. You may need to mix it up with synonyms. You may need to do both at the same time for different ideas. And the decision may change completely by what you're trying to do.
32. Why should you avoid repetition in your school essay?
A. It would get readers angry if you did that.
B. Teachers thinks less of your vocabulary.
C. Essays are graded by your vocabulary.
D. Readers hate to read simple words over again.
33. What effect does using "said" repeatedly in dialogues have?
A. Limiting the writing speed.
B. Speeding up the reading process.
C. Putting more emphases on backgrounds.
D. Highlighting the writer's vocabulary.
34. How should word repetition be used in commercials?
A. Word repetition should be kept from being used in any way.
B. The more word repetitions, the better effect they have.
C. Repeat specific words but do the rest in another way.
D. Make sure that each word is repeated in the same way.
35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. What Effect Can Repetition Have on Novels?
B. Why does Poetry Use Repetitions?
C. Is Word Repetition Good or Bad?
D. How Is Word Repetition Used in Ads?
10
（2021·内蒙古呼和浩特·模拟预测）A new study of parental attitudes, Growing up Digital, by the UNSW Gonski Institute of Education found that 83 percent of carers, parents and grandparents thought their children were negatively distracted by their devices.
Parents are worried that being on a screen stops their children doing other activities, such as being physically active and playing outside, being creative or pending time connecting with friends or family. Many are concerned about the dangers of cyber-bullying and the effect of social media on their children’s mental and physical health.
Over the family dinner table, the most common argument is increasingly about use of mobile phones. Three-quarters of parents say it is hard to control their children’s use of their digital devices and two-thirds say the topic is a source of conflict in the home. Teachers are saying the same things about behaviour in classrooms.
While the digital world is not without its dangers and challenges, some experts warn parents against demonizing smartphones or social media.
The more extreme fears about the impact of the digital world on the current generation of children will likely sound as outdated in a few decades as when their great-grandparents inveighed against the evils of television or rock’n’ roll music.
Many previously sceptical parents have seen the positive human value of social media during the COVID-19 pandemic because it allowed their children to connect with friends and family through lockdowns and social distancing. Children could keep up their education remotely.
Rather than railing against the digital world, parents need to think of strategies to help their children get the best from their devices.
Parents should talk to their children about how to use their devices more productively and safely. They should accept that the online world can be creative and a source of inspiration and connection as well. They should give children positive reasons to limit their usage rather than simply telling them to put them phones away.
It is not possible to turn back time and stop children using their devices. Parents and teachers must help children get the best out of them.
36. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about digital devices?
A. Their target users B. Their wide popularity.
C. Their major functions. D. Their potential harm.
37. What effect would digital devices have on children?
A. Calming. B. Disturbing.
C. Refreshing. D. Challenging.
38. What does the underlined word “demonizing” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?
A. Criticizing casually. B. Controlling completely.
C. Denying totally D. Ignoring purposefully.
39. What’s the author’s attitude to digital devices?
A. Objective. B. Critical.
C. Favorable. D. Intolerant
11
（2021·黑龙江·哈尔滨三中模拟预测）Everybody, at some point in their lives, has experienced failure. It could be something as simple as not getting the job you wanted, or getting fewer marks even after hard work. But what makes you is not your failure, but how you get back up after being bit.
Once, a young school boy was caught in a fire accident in his school and was assumed that he would not live. His mother was told that he was sure to die, for the terrible fire had destroyed the lower half of his body. Even if he were to survive, he would be lame throughout his life.
But the brave boy did not want to die nor did he want to be lame. Much to the amazement of the doctor, he did survive. But unfortunately from his waist down, he had no motor ability. His thin legs just hung there, lifeless. Eventually he left the hospital. But his determination to walk was unshakable. At home, when he was not in bed, he had to stay in a wheelchair. One day, he threw himself from the chair and pulled himself across the grass, dragging his legs behind him. He reached the fence, raised himself up and then began dragging himself along the fence, firmly determined. He did this every day, with faith in himself that he would be able to walk unaided. With his iron determination, he did develop the ability to stand up, then to walk on and off, then to walk by himself and then to run.
He began to walk to school, and then run to school, to run for the joy of running. Later in college he was on the track team.
In February 1934, in New York City's Madison Square Garden, this young man who was not expected to survive, who would surely never walk, who could never hope to run—this determined young man, Dr. Glenn Cunningham, ran the world's fastest mile.
A good example of the power of positive thinking and faith in one's self, Glenn Cunningham continues to be an inspiration for many, and his story, a brilliant evidence to how one can bounce back even when all difficulties are piled against one, to the degree that death seemed the preferable option.
40. The first paragraph is intended to________.
A. present an argument B. make preparations for statement
C. contradict an argument D. function as a brief introduction
41. What was the doctor's opinion about Glenn?
A. Glenn was able to walk with his own great effort.
B. Great determination could make a difference to Glenn.
C. There was a slim chance that Glenn could survive.
D. Glenn could live a normal life with the upper half of his body.
42. What do we know about Glenn?
A. Glenn took recovery exercise in hospital.
B. Glenn inspired people with his moving story.
C. Glenn won the first place in Marathon.
D. Glenn organized a track team in college.
43. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Believe in Luck B. Stand up After Failure
C. Go After Dreams D. Face the Reality
12
（2021·四川成都·模拟预测）While the arts can’t stop the COVID-19 virus or the social unrest we see in the world today, they can give us insight into the choices we make when moving through crises and chaos. The arts invite everyone to think in new ways.
We often experience works of art as something that’s pleasing to our senses without a full understanding of the creative effort. Great art often shows us contradictions and crises, and we can learn a great deal from their resolutions. Through our understanding of art, we can gain a deeper understanding of how we might overcome our own challenges. In understanding extremes of contrast, we can see the beauty in art with themes that are not simply pleasing for their magnificent features or qualities.
Beethoven offers a wonderful example of moving artfully through crises and chaos. He composed his Symphony No.9 as his hearing loss became more and more pronounced. The opening of the symphony seems to come out of nowhere, from near silence in the opening to a full expression of what many consider to be the joy of freedom and universal brotherhood with Schiller’s Ode to joy (欢乐颂). Beethoven appears to have created a work of art that not only freed him from his personal struggles, but one that also speaks to the joy of living together in peace and harmony.
Have a dialogue between the two opposing parts and you will find that they always start out fighting each other until we come to an appreciation of difference—a oneness of the two opposing forces. The arts offer many lessons that can help us gain the knowledge we need to move more confidently in today’s competitive and uncertain environment. An openness to arts-based solutions will give you more control over your future.
44. What value does art have beyond pleasing people’s senses?
A. It brings people inner peace. B. It contributes to problem-solving.
C. It reduces the possibility of crises. D. It deepens understanding of challenges.
45. What can we learn about Beethoven’s Symphony No.9?
A. It celebrates freedom and unity. B. It aims to show crises and chaos.
C. It opens with Schiller’s Ode to Joy. D. It is unfinished due to his hearing loss.
46. What is the author’s suggestion on dealing with conflicting forces?
A. Leaving things as they are. B. Making a choice between them.
C. Separating them from each other. D. Engaging them in a conversation.
47. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. How COVID-19 changes art B. Moving artfully through crises
C. Essentials of Symphony No.9 D. How to appreciate arts in new ways
13
（2021·浙江·模拟预测）If there is one thing in life that we could choose not to experience, it is the death of someone we love. Losing a friend or family member is heartbreaking and hard to accept, but how we deal with it, and how we “move on”, varies from person to person.
Death is inevitable, but sometimes we feel the passing of a loved one has come too soon. Our first reaction is to grieve, and even though we may soon be encouraged to let go, the grieving can last a while. But grief is a very natural, human response to loss and can take the form of many unexpected emotions, from shock to guilt, anger and disbelief.
When someone dies, we may be tempted to put on a brave face and hide our feelings. But experts say that this doesn’t help. Instead it is better to talk about feelings – even cry and sob and show people you are suffering. There’s nothing wrong with trying to keep the memory of the deceased alive. You can talk to them in your head, write them a letter or share memories with other people who knew them.
Some people have chosen to make a more permanent reminder of someone by getting a memorial tattoo. In this way they believe they can have a continuing bond with the dead. So this is also a very important way for people to come to terms that someone’s left.
Whatever approach you take to grieving and to keeping someone’s memory alive, eventually the physical aching and pain caused by the loss of a loved one will subside. But the memories of that person and the times we shared can stay with us forever, and talking about them and expressing your feelings is all part of the healing process.
48. What does the underlined word “subside” in Para5 mean?
A. Decrease. B. Appear. C. Calm. D. Promise.
49. What is our first and natural reaction to the loss of a loved one according to the text?
A. We hide ourselves.
B. We are heartbroken.
C. We become encouraged.
D. We feel it is normal and unavoidable.
50. Which is a better way to relieve grief according to the experts?
A. Talking about our sufferings with friends.
B. Pretending to be brave and hiding our grief.
C. Keeping calm and stay indoors for several days.
D. Taking physical exercises and exhausting ourselves.
51. In the fourth paragraph tattoo is mentioned to ______.
A. compare different ways of relieving grief
B. introduce a latest trend popular with the young
C. present different attitudes towards getting a tattoo
D. show readers an approach to keeping the memory of the dead
14
（2021·河北保定·模拟预测）"I’ll be there in a few minutes. I'm playing a game with a friend,a guy named Scuzbll,"my 15-year-old son shouted from his room."Oh,what is Scuzzball's real name?"I asked."I have no idea,"he said."Where is he from?"I continued. He responded,"I think somewhere in Canada. Oh, wait, it doesn't even matter because Scuzball just left the game and he has been replaced with a robot."
"Your friend is replaced by artificial intelligence?""It doesn't matter, Dad. It happens all the time! The game continues."My son doesn't mind playing with a person or a robot,which is typical of gamers these days. I wonder whether the face-to-face experience of friendship that I grew up with will be lost by our children.
Aristotle,a great thinker and educator,has pointed out that shallow friendship is easily formed but also easily abandoned because such bonds are fragile. Deep friendship,by contrast, is when you care for your friend for his sake, not for any benefit you can get. This is selfless friendship. You can have only a couple of these friends because they require lots of time and effort. You must make sacrifices for each other.
Presence in friendship requires"being with"and"doing for". Perhaps the most defining feature of deep friendship is "doing for",as my friend has my back in trouble or brings me soup when I'm sick. Only strong bonds have the power to motivate real sacrifices.But it is unclear why online"friends"would bother to do the hard work of friendship. When I asked my students whether they had people in their lives who would bring them soup when they were sick,they laughed at my Stone Age question and said they'd just order soup online.
Digital life fills and absorbs waking life time so that people do not join in example case of friendship,like sports, collective arts, free range childhoods,etc. In this way,digital lie produces false friendships.
52. How does the author lead in the topic of the text?
A. By quoting mottos.
B. By presenting a conversation.
C. By introducing a game.
D. By showing robots' storage data.
53. What does the author mainly explain in paragraph 3?
A. Selfish friendship. B. Selfless sacrifices in life.
C. The formation of shallow friendship. D. The meaning of deep friendship.
54. What does the author want to tell his students in paragraph 4?
A. Strong bonds are formed easily. B. Ordering food online is convenient.
C. Robots will have our back in trouble. D. Virtual friends won't make real sacrifices.
55. What is the text mainly about?
A. Digitalized friendship. B. The benefits of digital life.
C. Face-to-face communication. D. The sacrifices of online friends.
15
（2021·广东珠海·模拟预测）“The really frightening thing about middle age,” the actor Doris Day is said to have joked, “is that you know you'll grow out of it.” We may bravely try to claim that life begins at 40- but for many people，it can feel more like the beginning of the end.
Mid life wasn't always seen this way. It isn't clear why we have a more negative view today, but Margie Lachman, director of the lifespan development lab at Brandeis University in Massachusetts, suggests it may be linked to the pressures that begin piling up in our 30s. “Midlife is a period of high stress today, more so than in the past,” she says. “One is exactly in the middle of work and family careers. This can affect one's ability to focus on one's own well-being.”
There are, however, many reasons to feel positive about this crucial period. In a series of experiments, Laura Germine at Harvard Medical School has tested tens of thousands of people to examine the differences in cognitive abilities between age groups. Germine's studies have included the famous “mind in the eyes” test, for instance, which gets people to infer emotional states from small differences in facial expressions. She found that people in their late 40s scored highest. This may be due to practice, she suggests. “When you think about the amount of social differences that one has to learn across the lifespan- that's where we think that comes from.”
Germine found similar patterns in a task demanding continuous attention. In this, the participants had to watch different scenes fade into one another and adapt their response according to what they saw-pressing a button when they saw a city and releasing it when they saw a mountain. 40-somethings found it much easier to “get into the zone” than younger people.
It is interesting to note that middle-aged people frequently bring in the most supplies in traditional hunter-gatherer societies. According to various studies, hunter-gatherers often take decades to learn their skills, and these abilities continue to grow into their 40s.
There are some downsides to hitting this age, of course. Our skin tends to become loose and our body fat starts to be redistributed around the midriff. But after a drop in life satisfaction, happiness is already set to rise at the end of this decade and the beginning of the next.
Contrary to popular opinion, humans seem to have evolved to flourish into middle age and beyond.
56. What can we infer from the first paragraph?
A. Doris Day felt excited in her 40s. B. It's believed that life begins at 40.
C. Lots of people feel worried at 40. D. We are supposed to be braver at 40.
57. Which of the followings is TRUE according to the text?
A. People in their 40s attach more importance to their well-being.
B. There seem to be reasons for us to be optimistic about middle age.
C. The participants in their 40s did badly in Germine's experiments.
D. Humans' physical appearance definitely gets worse in their 40s.
58. The underlined word “flourish” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ________.
A. Succeed B. Panic C. Calm D. Decline
59. Where is the text probably taken from?
A. A textbook B. An art review.
C. A science magazine. D. A biography.
16
（2021·江西·南昌市实验中学一模）Move over, helicopter parents. “Snowplow (扫雪机) parents” are the newest reflection of an intensive (强化的) parenting style that can include parents booking their adult children haircuts, texting their college kids to wake them up so they don’t sleep through a test, and even calling their kids’ employers.
Helicopter parenting, the practice of wandering anxiously near one’s children, monitoring their every activity, is so 20th century. Some rich mothers and fathers now are more like snowplows: machines moving ahead, clearing any difficulties in their children’s path to success, so they don’t have to suffer failure, frustration (挫折) or lose opportunities.
It starts early, when parents get on wait lists for excellent preschools before their babies are born and try to make sure their kids never do anything that may frustrate them. It gets more intense when school starts: running forgotten homework to school or calling a coach to request that their children make the team.
Rich parents may have more time and money to devote to making sure their children don’t ever meet with failure, but it’s not only rich parents practicing snowplow parenting. This intensive parenting has become the most welcome way to raise children, regardless of income, education, or race.
Yes, it’s a parent’s job to support the children, and to use their adult wisdom to prepare for the future when their children aren’t mature enough to do so. That’s why parents hide certain toys from babies to avoid getting angry or take away a teenager’s car keys until he finishes his college applications.
But snowplow parents can take it too far, some experts say. If children have never faced a difficulty, what happens when they get into the real world?
“Solving problems, taking risks and overcoming frustration are key life skills,” many child development experts say, “and if parents don’t let their children experience failure, the children don’t acquire them.”
60. What do we know about snowplow parenting?
A. It appeared before helicopter parenting.
B. It costs parents less than helicopter parenting.
C. It was a typical phenomenon of the 20th century.
D. It provides more than enough services for children.
61. What is mainly discussed about snowplow parenting in Paragraph 4?
A. Its cost. B. Its benefits. C. Its popularity. D. Its ending.
62. Why does the author mention parents’ taking away car keys?
A. To show teenagers are no better than babies.
B. To advise teenagers not to treat their cars as toys.
C. To advise parents not to buy cars for their teenagers.
D. To show it’s appropriate to help children when necessary.
63. What’s the possible result of snowplow parenting according to the experts?
A. Children lacking problem-solving ability in reality.
B. Children mastering more key life skills than parents.
C. Children gaining great success in every aspect of life.
D. Children meeting no problems or frustration after growing up.
17
（2021·江苏·一模）The human criterion for perfect vision is 20/20 for reading the standard lines on a Snellen eye chart without any problem. The score is determined by how well you read lines of letters of different sizes from 20 feet away. But being able to read the bottom line on the eye chart does not approximate perfection as far as other species are concerned.
Most birds would consider us very visually handicapped (缺陷）。 The hawk, for instance, has such sharp eyes that it can spot a dime on the sidewalk while perched on top of the Empire State Building. It can make fine visual distinctions because it is blessed with one million cones per square millimeter in its retina (视网膜）。 And in water, humans are farsighted, while the kingfisher, swooping down to spear fish, can see well in both the air and water because it is endowed with two foveae (凹窝）－areas of the eye, consisting mostly of cones, that provide visual distinctions. One fovea permits the bird, while in the air, to scan the water below with one eye at a time. This is called monocular vision. Once it hits the water, the other fovea joins in, allowing the kingfisher to focus both eyes, like binoculars, on its prey at the same time. A frog's vision is distinguished by its ability to perceive things as a constant motion picture. Known as “bug detectors”， a highly developed set of cells in a frog's eyes responds mainly to moving objects. So, it is said that a frog sitting in a field of dead bugs wouldn't see them as food and would starve.
The bee has a“compound”eye,which is used for navigation. It has 15,000 facets that divide what it sees into a pattern of dots, or mosaic. With this kind of vision, the bee sees the sun only as a single dot, a constant point of reference. Thus, the eye is a superb navigational instrument that constantly measures the angle of its line of flight in relation to the sun. A bee's eye also gauges (测量） flight speed. And if that is not enough to leave our 20/20 “perfect vision” paling into insignificance, the bee is capable of seeing something we can't-ultraviolet light. Thus, what humans consider to be “perfect vision” is in fact rather limited when we look at other species.
However, there is still much to be said for the human eye. Of all the mammals, only humans and some primates can enjoy the pleasures of color vision.
64. How is hawk's eyesight better than ours?
A. It can identify small items more quickly than we do.
B. It can see at a longer distance than we do.
C. It has more cones in the retina than any other species.
D. It has bigger eyes than we do.
65. Monocular vision enables the kingfisher to
A. avoid farsightedness
B. be able to see underwater
C. move one eye at a time
D. focus its eyes on the prey
66. A bee finds its direction by
A. dividing what it sees into thousands of dots
B. constantly gauging its flying speed
C. using the sun as a constant point of reference
D. measuring the angle of the sun
67. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The differences between human eyes and other species' eyes.
B. The advantages of other species' eyes in comparison with human eyes.
C. The factors that make other species' eyes better than human eyes.
D. The standard that determines the "perfect vision" of human eyes.
18
（2021·福建泉州·模拟预测）People today are not unfamiliar with term such as "going eco-friendly" and "sustainable lifestyle". However, there exists a group of sceptics（怀疑论者）who believe that going eco-friendly is merely a fad（一时的风尚）. I disagree with this viewpoint, Going eco-friendly is not merely a fad and it does, in fact, change the beliefs and attitudes of people.
The long-term presence of environmental organisations shows the efforts that people have made towards going eco-friendly. Organisations such as World Wildlife Fund advocate people to go eco-friendly. The high involvement of the organisations and the participants is thus a strong indicator that going eco-friendly is not merely a fad but a trend that can last decades.
Another strong indicator is the emergence of sustainable products in many industries, such as organic produce and electric vehicles. The consumer demand, coupled with eco-conscious（环保意识的）businesses, is behind the sharp increase in such products. This shows a shift in the beliefs and attitudes of people towards adopting a sustainable lifestyle. Thus, it seems quite certain that going eco-friendly is not merely a fad.
While some people who broadcast their eco-friendly practices are criticised for just hoping to project an eco-conscious image, there are a number of celebrities who have been practising the zero-waste lifestyle for years. For those who do so for years, and not mere days or months, it is indeed a commitment that can only come with a true change in beliefs and attitudes towards caring for the earth.
The call to save the earth looks set to stay. With the development of technology and the appearance of many platforms advocating going green, people are more willing to change their beliefs and attitudes when they can learn about and appreciate the positive impact of the work of different environmental organisations and individuals. It is hoped that these effects will go a long way in ensuring that our planet will remain a suitable place to live in.
68. Why does the author mention World Wildlife Fund?
A. To appreciate its environmental efforts.
B. To encourage people to go eco-friendly.
C. To evidence the universal recognition of going green.
D. To highlight the difficulty in changing people's attitudes.
69. What does the underlined word "emergence" mean in paragraph 3?
A. Sudden disappearance. B. Sharp increase.
C. Gradual development. D. Limited application.
70. What does the author expect of technology development?
A. It may discourage people from sustainable lifestyle.
B. It may boost the business of organic produce.
C. It will be used to project an eco-conscious image.
D. It will promote environmental awareness.
71. What is the author's purpose in writing this text?
A. To prove going eco-friendly a lasting trend.
B. To popularize the eco-friendly products.
C. To offer strategies to go eco-friendly.
D. To advertise for eco-friendly platforms.
19
（2021·上海·模拟预测）Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?
Don't dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care don't appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering — have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.
This isn't to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didn't go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.
The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums — from grammar school to college —   should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.
The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality haven't been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new companies that will invent them.
Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.
Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.
72. what does the underlined word “their” in the second paragraph refer to?
A. Low-income workers. B. Robot owners.
C. Robots. D. Researchers of the study.
73. Which of the following is true?
A. All jobs will be threatened by the coming of robots.
B. Optimists' opinions on new tech find little support.
C. Issues arising from automation need to be tackled.
D. Negative consequences of new tech can be avoided.
74. Education in the age of automation should put more emphasis on_______.
A. innovative potential B. job-hunting skills
C. communication skills D. cooperative spirit
75. The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at .
A. encouraging the development of automation B. boosting incomes
C. easing the hostility between rich and poor D. bridging the income gap
20
（2021·安徽宣城·模拟预测）Everyone fails from time to time. We try to learn from our mistakes and move on, leaving them behind. But one museum is doing quite the opposite. It's a suitcase (展示）for failures, both famous and forgotten.
Inspired by the museum of Broken Relationships in Croatia, Samuel West, a psychologist from Sweden, decided to make our silly mistakes public. He founded the Museum of Failure in 2017. Now the museum is hitting the road, with a traveling exhibition in Shanghai from Jan 18 to March 17. The museum will display over 100 "failed" products from big- name companies such as Nokia, Apple and Coca-Cola.
“I really hope you see that these mega-brands(大牌）that everybody respects screw up too”. West told The New York Times. “I hope that makes you feel less apprehensive（惴惴不安）about learning something new.”
West’s opinion isn't new. The famed German- American physicist Albert Einstein once said, “A person who never made a mistake never tried anything new.” This idea has even been embraced by big companies in the US. Silicon Valley, for example, is the home of some of the world's most innovative tech companies. A common slogan is, “Fail fast, fail often.”
However, there are reasons for this. “The best companies are those that encourage failure, embrace out- of -the -box thinking and allow employees to make mistakes and see what happens,” wrote the Simon Casuto of Forbes.
This may lead to carelessness and a lack of effort. Some people are skeptical（存疑的）of this so-called “culture of failure”. They are worried that if failure becomes “a badge（奖章） of honor”, as Wired magazine put it, it may even be seen as “uncool” when someone tries to reduce the risk of failure.
“Sometimes people hide behind failure, when they could have prevented it,” wrote Anna Isaac of The Telegraph.
So it's important that you set apart the two kinds of failure------the kind that shows laziness or incompetence（不足）and the kind that takes you forward. The key is whether you’ve learned something from your mistakes.
76. What does the underlined phrase“ screw up ”in paragraph 3 probably mean？
A. fail. B. reform. C. expand. D. cooperate.
77. West founded the Museum of Failure mainly to ________.
A. help people avoid failure.
B. encourage people to try new things.
C. teach people how to learn from failure.
D. entertain people with silly products.
78. Why are some people against the “culture of failure”?
A. It will lead to lots of impractical ideas.
B. It will cause great waste of resources.
C. It may give people excuses to make less effort.
D. People may fear to try again after failure.
79. What does the author think of failure?
A. All failures deserve respect.
B. The best companies seldom make mistakes.
C. Failure shows lack of effort and ability.
D. Failure is good if it teaches us something.
21
（2021·浙江·模拟预测）We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parks less than 10 minutes’ walk from home where neighbourhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen — any screen — and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today’s children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago, film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say "chocolate" into his three-year-old son’s ear without getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself "marketing director for Nature". He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the Wild Network a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.
"Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference," David Bond says. "There is a lot of really interesting evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will be a habit for life." His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: "We just send them out into the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while."
Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let us get them out and let them play.
80. According to the author’s children, which are not their features?
A. They are addicted to electronics
B. They may have some friends who can play together
C. They like to gather in the park to play
D. They spend a lot of their time on electronics
81. How did David Bond advocate his idea?
A. By making a documentary film. B. By organizing outdoor activities.
C. By advertising in London media. D. By creating a network of friends.
82. What the film focuses about?
A. How do humans adapt to nature
B. How do the children conquer nature
C. How do the children like nature
D. How do the children stay away from the electronics
83. The author's purpose in writing the last sentence is ________.
A. Call on parents to take care of their children
B. Call on the children to play more
C. Call on the children to cherish the good summer times
D. Call on children to get more contact with nature
22
（2021·广东惠州·一模）The idea of low material desire, low consumption and refusing to work, marry and have children, concluded as a “lying down” lifestyle, recently struck a chord with many young Chinese who are eager to take pause to breathe in this fast-paced and highly-competitive society.
Many millennials (千禧一代) and generation Zs complained to the Global Times that burdens, including work stress, family disputes (纷争) and financial strains, have pushed them “against the wall”. They said they hate the “involution (内卷),” joking that they would rather give up some of what they have than get trapped in an endless competition against peers.
“Instead of always following the ‘virtues’ of struggle, endure and sacrifice to bear the stresses, they prefer a temporary lying down as catharsis (宣泄) and adjustment,” said a scholar. “It is no wonder that some young people, under the growing pressures from child-raising to paying the mortgage (按揭) today, would try to live in a simple way and leave the worries behind.”
Interestingly, the majority of millennials and Gen Zs reached by the Global Times, who claim to be big fans of the lying down philosophy, acknowledged that they only accept a temporary lying down as a short rest. It is true that with the great improvement of living conditions, some Chinese youth have partially lost the spirit of hardship and are not willing to bear too much hard work. But in fact, lying down is not entirely comfortable. Young people who lie down always feel guilty about their constant loss of morale (士气) far beyond their reach.
“Young people on campus have both aspirations and confusion about their future, but most of us have rejected setting ourselves up in chains to waste opportunities and challenges,” a postgraduate student told the Global Times. “It’s no use running away. I have to ‘stand up’ and face the reality sooner or later.”
84. What does the underlined phrase in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Warned. B. Criticized.
C. Touched. D. Amused.
85. What might have caused the “lying down” lifestyle among the young?
A. Improvements in living conditions.
B. Growing pressure from family and social life.
C. Increasing material possessions from families.
D. Temporary adjustment to failure in competitions.
86. What’s the scholar’s attitude toward the “lying down” group?
A. Understanding. B. Intolerant.
C. Supportive. D. Unclear.
87. What can be inferred about the young generation from the text?
A. They never really drop their responsibilities.
B. They really enjoy the “lying down” lifestyle.
C. They find their dreams far beyond their reach.
D. They would rather escape than take challenges.
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（2021·湖南·雅礼中学二模）Self-driving cars are just around the corner. Such vehicles will make getting from one place to another safer and less stressful. They also could cut down on traffic, reduce pollution and limit accidents. But how should driverless cars handle emergencies ? People disagree on the answer. And that might put the brakes on this technology, a new study concludes.
To understand the challenge, imagine a car that suddenly meets some pedestrians in the road. Even with braking, it’s too late to avoid a crash. So the car’s artificial intelligence must decide whether to take a sharp turn. To save the pedestrians, should the car swerve（突然转向）off the road or swerve into oncoming traffic? What if such options would likely kill the car’s passengers?
Researchers used online surveys to study people’s attitudes about such situations with driverless cars. Survey participants mostly agreed that driverless cars should be designed to protect the most people. That included swerving into walls (or otherwise sacrificing their passengers) to save a larger number of pedestrians. But there is a dilemma . Those same surveyed people want to ride in cars that protect passengers at all costs—even if the pedestrians would now end up dying. Jean Bonnefon is a psychologist at the Toulouse School of Economics in France. He and his colleagues reported their findings in Science.
“Autonomous cars can completely change transportation”, says study coauthor Iyad Rahwan. But, he adds, this new technology creates a moral dilemma that could slow its acceptance.
Makers of driverless cars are in a tough spot, Bonnefon’s group warns. Most buyers would want their car to be programmed to protect them in preference to other people. However, regulations might one day instruct that cars must act for the greater good. That would mean saving the most people. But the scientists think rules like this could drive away buyers. If so, all the potential benefits of driverless cars would be lost.
Compromises might be possible, Kurt Gray says. He is a psychologist at the University of North Carolina. He thinks that even if all driverless cars are programmed to protect their passengers in emergencies, traffic accidents will decrease. Those vehicles might be dangerous to pedestrians on rare occasions. But they “won’t speed, won’t drive drunk and won’t text while driving, which would be a win for society.”
88. The underlined word “challenge” in paragraph 2 refers to ________.
A. people’s negative attitudes towards self-driving cars
B. the technical problems that self-driving cars have
C. how self-driving cars cope with sudden dangerous events
D. how self-driving cars reduce traffic accidents
89. According to the text, online surveys show that ________.
A. self-driving cars’ artificial intelligence needs improvement
B. the busy traffic may be a problem for self-driving cars
C. self-driving cars should be designed to protect drivers
D. people are in a moral dilemma about driverless cars
90. What can we learn from the fifth paragraph?
A. Regulations are in favour of drivers.
B. Self-driving car makers are in a difficult situation.
C. Most people dislike self-driving cars now.
D. The potential benefits of driverless cars are ignored.
91. What is Kurt Gray’s attitude toward self-driving cars?
A. Favorable. B. Doubtful.
C. Critical. D. Disapproving.
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（2021·安徽淮北·一模）A few years ago, I bought a flat. It was a triumph of hope and determination over property prices, and the peak of a 20-year dream. The day I got the keys should have been the most exciting day of my life and yet, the second I opened the door, panic set in. I spent my first night as a homeowner in a hotel researching how to sell a flat and wondering if it was too late to change my mind.
I didn't sell my flat because I remembered why I had wanted it in the first place — but there are times when we get what we want and it simply isn't right. I've always found a strange disconnect between wanting something and getting it. Wanting is a place of possibility and, in a state of lack, the desire is strong. We imagine how this thing — a new job or relationship — can change our lives and at the same time forget that adding something to our life doesn't mean all our problems disappear. We create a narrative around the desire and, when we get it, and it is different to how we pictured it, we feel frustrated.
For me, this most often occurs in relationships. I have a habit of filling in the gaps with people, rather than getting to know them. I go on a date with someone and, instead of piecing them together brick by brick, I start to imagine what my life would be like with them in it. It shouldn't have been a shock that the reality in no way matched my fantasy — but it was. I knew I wanted out, yet part of me felt committed: this was someone I thought I had wanted for so long, I couldn't walk away, could I?
We tend to shame others for changing their minds. I think, however, it's far braver to move towards something that will bring happiness than to stay in a miserable situation to protect your pride. So, when someone tells you they've changed their minds, congratulate them on knowing themselves well enough, and being strong enough, to admit it. It takes a lot to come clean about getting it wrong, but the relief of doing so — of setting ourselves free from a personal-shaped hole, is worth it every time.
92. Why did the author spend her first night as a homeowner in a hotel?
A. The flat was under decoration.
B. She wanted to sell this terrible flat.
C. The flat was different from her desire.
D. She was too excited to sleep in the flat.
93. Which of the following is most advisable in relationships according to the author?
A. Filling in the gaps with people around you.
B. Getting to know others little by little naturally.
C. Imagining what the life would be like with others.
D. Spending plenty of time to promote the relationship.
94. What message does the author try to tell us?
A. Never change your mind.
B. Never give up your first-time dream.
C. It is worthwhile to protect one's own pride.
D. It is brave to step out of a miserable situation.
95. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. A new flat B. A personal-shaped hole
C. A proud soul D. An unexcepted accident
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（2021·四川·石室中学三模）Integrity is the quality of being honest and strong about what you believe to be right. The concept of integrity has played a key role in moral philosophy throughout history and is promoted in all societies because of its importance to social relations. Individual integrity is vital to society, one that enables people to make use of their capacity for critical reflection, does not force people to take up particular roles and does not encourage individuals to betray each other. Besides, societies can be favorable to the development of individual integrity.
Individual integrity can lift up the spirits of the entire society. It can shape the lives of people living in a particular society, the lives of all fellow people and, in its broadest sense, even the destiny of a nation. By contrast, if those living in the society are dishonest, it could have bad effects, jeopardizing the healthy morality of the society.
Additionally, a society can be favorable to the development of individual integrity. Society expects and requires integrity. A society consisting of people of integrity, and people who never compromise on their principles, could have a positive mark on the personal development of its members. Being a part of such a morally lively community could serve as a basis for absorbing traits of good character. This could be of a distinct advantage to any individuals in the society.
However, some social structures are of the wrong sort for some individuals to pursue integrity. If that is the case, we have to ask questions about the moral nature of society first before raising questions about individual integrity. Questions about integrity may turn out to be about what kind of society it is, rather than about the relationship between individual interests and characteristics of a society. The pursuit of adequate individual integrity often depends, not so much on understanding who one is and what one believes and is committed to, but rather understanding what one’s society is and imagining what it could be.
Under no circumstances can we underestimate the importance of human integrity in a society. People, who are honest, trustworthy, compassionate and caring, are the factors decisive in the growth of individuals as well as the development of a society.
96. Individual integrity has been valued in society because ________.
A. it helps develop philosophy B. it is important to social relations
C. it is the basis of critical thinking D. it ensures people’s particular roles
97. The underlined word “jeopardizing” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________.
A. assessing B. strengthening C. destroying D. influencing
98. The writer believes that ________.
A. individual integrity depends on what one believes
B. the nature of society is decided by economic development
C. the pursuit of individual integrity changes with time
D. social structures guide the formation of individual integrity
99. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage?
CP: Central point       P: Point       Sp: Sub-point       C: Conclusion
A. B.
C. D.
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（2021·江苏·徐州市第一中学模拟预测）Most of us are already aware of the direct effect we have on our friends and family. But we rarely consider that everything we think, feel, do, or say can spread far beyond the people we know. Conversely(相反地), our friends and family serve as conduits(渠道) for us to be influenced by hundreds or even thousands of other people. In a kind of social chain reaction, we can be deeply affected by events we do not witness that happen to people we do not know. As part of a social network, we go beyond ourselves, for good or ill, and become a part of something much larger.
Our connectedness carries with it fundamental implications(影响) for the way we understand the human condition. Social networks have value precisely because they can help us to achieve what we could not achieve on our own. Yet, social­network effects are not always positive. Depression, obesity, financial panic, and violence also spread. Social networks, it turns out, tend to magnify(放大) whatever they are seeded with.
Partly for this reason, social networks are creative. And what these networks create does not belong to any one individual—it is shared by all those in the network. In this way, a social network is like a commonly owned forest: We all stand to benefit from it, but we also must work together to ensure it remains healthy and productive. While social networks are fundamentally and distinctively human, and can be seen everywhere, they should not be taken for granted.
If you are happier or richer or healthier than others, it may have a lot to do with where you happen to be in the network, even if you cannot recognise your own location. And it may have a lot to do with the overall structure of the network, even if you cannot control that structure at all. And in some cases, the process feeds back to the network itself. A person with many friends may become rich and then attract even more friends. This rich­get­richer dynamic means social networks can dramatically reinforce two different kinds of inequality in our society: situational inequality and positional inequality.
Lawmakers have not yet considered the consequences of positional inequality. Still, understanding the way we are connected is an essential step in creating a more just society and in carrying out public policies affecting everything from public health to the economy. We might be better off vaccinating(接种疫苗) centrally located individuals rather than weak individuals. We might be better off helping interconnected groups of people to avoid criminal behaviour rather than preventing or punishing crimes one at a time.
If we want to understand how society works, we need to fill in the missing links between individuals. We need to understand how interconnections and interactions between people give rise to wholly new aspects of human experience that are not present in the individuals themselves. If we do not understand social networks, we cannot hope to fully understand either ourselves or the world we inhabit.
100. What can be inferred from the first paragraph?
A. We can't be easily affected by strangers.
B. We are connected and form a social network.
C. We have negative effects on other social members.
D. We will not make a difference in a specific group.
101. Why is a social network like a commonly owned forest?
A. It remains healthy and productive.
B. It tends to magnify negative things.
C. It is creative and shared by people in the whole society.
D. What it creates can be enjoyed by everyone in the network.
102. We can learn from Paragraph 4 that ________.
A. whether we are richer depends on the number of friends we make
B. the wealth we possess has nothing to do with individual continuous efforts
C. sometimes our success may be largely due to our position in social networks
D. we won't succeed unless we fully control the overall structure of the network
103. What's the author's purpose in writing the passage?
A. To introduce the characteristics of social networks.
B. To urge people to understand how our society works.
C. To show the significance of understanding social networks.
D. To explain the possible consequences of ignoring social networks.
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（2021·江苏·徐州市第一中学模拟预测）This is going to ruffle(激怒) a few feathers.
PepsiCo purposely packs fewer chips into its flavoured chip bags, Hugh Johnston, the company's CFO, told the Associated Press.“There might be an ounce or two less in those bags, ” Johnston said. Actually, it's half an ounce less. Regular Lay's are sold in 10­ounce bags; flavoured Lay's are sold in 9.5­ounce bags; and both are sold for the same $4.29 price. That might not sound like a lot, but it will sound like a lot with a bit of simple maths.
Americans buy some $1.6 billion worth of Lay's potato chips every year. Much of that is sold in bulk—or merely in bags bigger than the standard ones mentioned above. But let's assume for a second that those 10­ounce bags are the only ones Lay's sells. That would mean the company sells more than 372 million bags of Lay's in the US each year—or 3.72 billion ounces of chips, at about 43 cents per ounce. It would also mean that that half­ounce difference is worth about 21.5 cents per bag, and about $80 million in total per year.
That number is likely a good deal lower, but it's not entirely unreasonable. If Lay's is charging an extra payment for the smaller flavoured chip bags, it's likely doing the same for the bigger ones, too. That tiny half­ounce difference might only mean a potato chip or two to you, but it's probably worth tens of millions of dollars to PepsiCo annually.
PepsiCo confirmed that flavoured and unflavoured Lay's chips are sold for the same price, but not in the same quantity. “This allows us to keep the same price point across the brand, ” Jeff Dahncke said in an email. He also suggested that the chip difference has nothing to do with extra profit.“The reason why there is a slightly higher price per ounce for flavoured chips is the added seasonings(调味品)，” he said. But that doesn't appear to be the case.
Some of the mark­ups are simply meant to make up for the added input costs of cheese, barbecue, sour cream and onion, and other flavourings. But some of them are also there(or not there) to increase the potato chip maker's profits. PepsiCo has a soft spot for its specialty potato chips, because its specialty potato chips are more profitable than its regular ones, according to Johnston.
Perhaps that's why Lay's is getting ready to launch a mass of new specialty potato chip flavours. The launch is part of PepsiCo's annual “Do Us a Flavour” contest, in which it lets customers participate in the flavour creation process.
104. What did PepsiCo do to arouse public dissatisfaction?
A. They raised the price of their flavoured chips.
B. They gave short weight to their flavoured chips.
C. They changed the flavours of their potato chips.
D. They put more seasonings into their potato chips.
105. How is Paragraph 3 mainly developed?
A. By listing figures. B. By giving examples.
C. By analysing causes. D. By making comparisons.
106. Why do Lay's flavoured chips charge more per ounce according to Jeff Dahncke?
A. To make more profits. B. To upgrade their products.
C. To balance additional costs. D. To satisfy more people's taste.
107. What does the underlined phrase “has a soft spot for” in the last but one paragraph mean?
A. Has a say in. B. Has a look at.
C. Has access to. D. Has affection for.
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（2021·宁夏·银川市第六中学三模）Thinking is something you choose to do as a fish chooses to live in water. To be human is to think. But thinking may come naturally without your knowing how you do it. Thinking about thinking is the key to critical thinking. When you think critically, you take control of your thinking processes. Otherwise, you might be controlled by the ideas of others. Indeed, critical thinking is at the heart of education.
The word “critical” here has a special meaning. It does not mean taking one against another view, as when someone criticizes another person for doing something wrong. The nature of critical thinking is thinking beyond the easily seen-beyond the pictures on TV, the untrue reports in the newspapers, and the faulty reasoning.
Critical thinking is an attitude as much as an activity. If you are curious about life and desire to dig deeper into it, you are a critical thinker. If you find pleasure in deep thinking about different ideas, characters, and facts, you are a critical thinker.
Activities of the mind and higher-order reasoning are processes of deep and careful consideration. They take time, and do not go hand in hand with the fast speed in today’s world: fast foods, instant coffee, and self-developing film. If you are among the people who believe that speed is a measure of intelligence, you may learn something new from a story about Albert Einstein. The first time Banesh Hoffman, a scientist, was to discuss his work with Albert Einstein, Hoffman was too nervous to speak. But Einstein immediately put Hoffman at ease by saying, “Please go slowly. I don’t understand things quickly.”
108. Critical thinking is important to us because if we do not think critically, ________.
A. it will be hard for us to think naturally and fast
B. we might be controlled by other people’s ideas
C. we will follow the ideas of others naturally
D. we might be fooled by other people’s ideas
109. If you are a critical thinker, you will ________.
A. think deeply about different ideas B. trust the reports in the newspapers
C. take one view against another view D. criticize other people for their mistakes
110. In the last paragraph, “ something new” suggests that ________.
A. the smarter you are, the faster you do things B. the faster you do things, the smarter you become
C. speed can improve intelligence D. intelligence is not decided by speed
111. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Thinking and Critical Thinking B. Understanding Critical Thinking
C. Thinking Is Natural and Human D. Thinking Fast Means Intelligence
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（2021·河北·模拟预测）The late, great producer Phil Ramone worked with many famous popular singers. However, one of his albums is a little different. It’s classical music, made for children.
“He actually started as a child violinist,” said Marc Neikrug, a famous classical composer who worked together with Ramone on the album, “Sunken Cathedrals,” after being introduced by Rock Positano, a doctor with a special interest in music’s value to medicine. “The three of us all want to promote classical music to children.”
In the digital age when children develop surrounded by constant distractions, however, Neikrug sees a very particular value in classical music. “I’m concerned about a world in which there is an almost aggressive move to lower people’s attention spans,” he said. “‘That’s terrifying. How do you even absorb and learn things? How do you expect kids to do well in school?”
“I think it’s really important to let kids build some kind of ability to focus,” Neikrug said. “Great music can do that, because you’re drawn into what you’re listening to.” A two-or three-minute music may not seem so long to concentrate on, but it’s a good attention span for kids,” he said. “We picked the pieces very deliberately to be not too long.”
All of the pieces on the two-part album are unadapted, complete works of classical music. “Phil, Dr. Rock and I were all completely convinced that we need little, short; beautiful pieces for kids. They happen to be really good for adults too,” he pointed out, though the words “Classics for Kids” on the cover might scare some grown people off. This doesn’t mean you should throw all of your popular music albums away or trash all the screen devices in your home. “I’m not an advocate for disregarding the reality of living in this world,” Neikrug said. “I would say someone who grows up able to focus for an hour and equally able to use the smartphone with one hand, is fine.”
112. What did Marc Neikrug and Rock Positano have in common?
A. They had the same career. B. They had the same interest.
C. They had the same circle of friends. D. They had the same number of children.
113. What was Neikrug worried about?
A. People’s decreasing attention spans. B. People becoming too aggressive.
C. People’s low learning ability. D. People losing faith in school.
114. Why did Ramone and Neikrug select short pieces for the album?
A. To attract distracted adults.
B. Because of their own preference.
C. To include more pieces in the album.
D. Because of kids’ mental characteristics.
115. What does the text want to tell us?
A. Popular music producers turned to classical music.
B. Classical music can coexist with digital devices.
C. It’s never too late to listen to classical music.
D. Kids can benefit from classical music.
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（2021·辽宁·模拟预测）Many of us write a list of things we'd like to do before we die—often called a bucket list. Bucket lists have helped some people overcome anxiety which would have stopped them following their dreams. Some of us may choose to write one to fill our life with exciting and new experiences—from skydiving to swimming with sharks—the list is unlimited.
A blogger called Annette White said she made a promise to live her bucket list which continuously pushes the comfort zone to its limits and beyond it. Such a list can be exciting and can indeed help you plan your life and give you focus. When the BBC reporter Helen Fawkes knew she was suffering from incurable ovarian(卵巢的)cancer, she took comfort in drawing up a bucket list——although she called it her “list for living” because these were things for making the most of life. Sadly, she was not able to achieve all of her 50 things before she died at the age of 45.
Creating a bucket list can certainly give us hope, but some people have argued it can be used as a coping strategy to try to control something uncontrollable—death Clinical psychologist Linda Blair told the BBC that she was not really in favor of bucket lists ... “They take you away from the chance to be spontaneous(自发的).” It's probably true that a list can encourage people to follow someone else's idea of the perfect life. And also, following a fixed list of goals makes you less impulsive(冲动的)— your aims and wishes might change as you approach the day when you finally kick the bucket.
But why not at least dream of what we would like to do? Why not reach for the stars, even if we only reach the sky? Whether we want to plan it or just see what happens, we don't know what tomorrow will bring, so maybe we should live for today.
116. What can we know about a bucket list?
A. It encourages people to follow someone else's life.
B. It refers to doing something exciting and challenging.
C. It includes unlimited choices for us to do before we die.
D. It is a strategy to try to control something uncontrollable.
117. How does the author explain the meaning of bucket lists?
A. By analyzing the reasons.
B. By giving different examples.
C. By conducting a research.
D. By asking some questions.
118. What is the Linda Blair's attitude towards bucket lists?
A. Ambiguous. B. Objective.
C. Favorable. D. Disapproving.
119. What does the last paragraph imply?
A. We should live in the moment.
B. We can try to reach for the stars.
C. We just wait to see what happens.
D. We dream of whatever we'd like to do.