跟踪练12+阅读七选五说明文30篇2-冲刺2022年高考英语之名校阅读理解试题跟踪练(通用版)

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冲刺2022年高考英语之名校阅读理解试题跟踪练(通用版)12
阅读七选五说明文30篇2
1
（2019·四川·一模）“Did you hear what happened to Adam last Friday?” Lindsey whispers to Tori.
With her eyes shining, Tori brags, “You bet I did. Sean told me two days ago.”
What are Lindsey and Tori talking about? It just happens to be yours truly, Adam Freedman. I can tell you that what they are saying is (a) not nice and (b) not even true. Still, Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at LintonHigh School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip(闲话).___1___, which are just as follows.
___2___ Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic—breakups, troubles at home, even dropping out—that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the juicer the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.
If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group”.___3___
Gossip can also have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act.
___4___ Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.
___5___ The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.
A. I have noticed three effects of gossip
B. The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation.
C. An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about.
D. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group.
E. Recently, studies have found some most effective ways to deal with gossip in our daily life.
F. In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority
G. That is to say, you may be consciously or not affected by words and expressions when chatting with your friend.
【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了流言蜚语有三个重要影响。
1. 根据上文Many of our conversations are gossip.（我们的许多谈话都是闲谈。）以及下文主要内容可知，此处说明流言蜚语的三个影响，故选A。
2. 根据本段最后一句People often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.（人们通常认为说闲话的人是无害的，但是残酷的谎言会引起痛苦。）可知，流言蜚语的第一个消极影响就是它会伤害被谈论到的人。故选C。
3. 根据上文Sharing the latest rumor can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group”.（分享最新的谣言可以让一个人觉得自己很重要，因为他或她知道一些别人不知道的事情。同样，听到最新的谣言会让人觉得自己是“群体”的一份子。）可推知，说闲话是令人满意的，因为它给人一种归属感，甚至优越感。故选F。
4. 根据下文Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention.（换句话说，这意味着如果你周围的每个人都在嘲笑约翰穿的衣服或简说的话，那么你可以打赌，穿着或说类似的话也会让你受到同样的负面关注。）可知，流言蜚语对监督一个群体的行为很重要。故选D。
5. 根据下文The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.（下次你想要传播最新消息的时候，想想你为什么要八卦，你的“有趣的故事”可能会产生什么影响。）可知，流言蜚语的影响因情况而异。故选B。
2
（2019·安徽芜湖·三模）If you’re tired of freestyle walking programs, you may be interested in leaming how to racewalk. Or you want to pick up speed. Or maybe you have a desire for competition. ___6___, racewalking is a good choice for you.
As you begin to racewalk, it is important to concentrate more on movement than on speed. Speed will come later, as you master the movement skills of racewalking. And you can begin to increase your speed once you feel comfortable with the actions of racewalking. Be sure, however, to increase your speed gradually. ___7___.
Racewalking can increase your walking exercise. You can experience this in person. Try walking as fast as you can, and youll feel your body eager to jog. ___8___, you have to keep one foot on the ground at all times. While you are jogging, both feet are off the ground at some point, which allows you to cover more distance with one step. So in order to cover the same distance, you have to take more steps than you would if you were jogging.
___9___. Before you begin exercising, you need to warm up your body and relax your muscles (肌肉). ___10___. It is necessary to cool down in the end. If you ignore these steps, you may suffer muscle pain and even injury.
A. No matter what the reason is
B. In order to walk at high speeds
C. The same is true after each exercise
D. Always keep safety in mind when racewalking
E. In order to continue walking and not to break into a jog
F. Don’t push too hard or walk to the point of being tired out
G. It is more efficient to warm up your body before exercise
【答案与解析】本文为说明文。文章介绍了如何开展竞走活动以及竞走给人们带来的好处。
6. 考查上下文及句意理解。根据空前列举的各种开展竞走的原因可知，A项No matter what the reason is（无论什么原因）符合此处语境，意为“无论什么原因，竞走对你来说都是一个不错的选择。”故A选项正确。
7. 考查上下文及句意理解。根据空前Be sure, however, to increase your speed gradually.（但是，一定要逐渐提高速度）可知，F项Don't push too hard or walk to the point of being tired out（不要用力过猛，也不要走到筋疲力尽的地步）符合此处语境。故F选项正确。
8. 考查上下文及句意理解。根据空前Try walking as fast as you can, and you'll feel your body eager to jog.（试着尽可能快地走，你会感到你的身体渴望慢跑）及空后 you have to keep one foot on the ground at all times.（你都必须保持一只脚在地上）可知，E项In order to continue walking and not to break into a jog（为了继续走而不是突然开始慢跑）符合此处语境。故E选项正确。
9. 考查上下文及句意理解。根据空后Before you begin exercising, you need to warm up your body and relax your muscles.（在开始运动之前,你需要温暖你的身体,放松你的肌肉）可知，及文章最后一句话If you ignore these steps, you may suffer muscle pain and even injury.（如果你忽视这些步骤，你可能会遭受肌肉疼痛甚至受伤）可知，D项Always keep safety in mind when racewalking（竞走时要时刻注意安全）符合此处语境。故D选项正确。
10. 考查上下文及句意理解。根据空后It is necessary to cool down in the end. If you ignore these steps, you may suffer muscle pain and even injury.（最后冷静下来是必要的。如果你忽视这些步骤，你可能会遭受肌肉疼痛甚至受伤）可知，C项The same is true after each exercise（每次运动后都是如此）符合此处语境。故C选项正确。
3
（2019·安徽·模拟预测）Have you ever been bored and decided to check social media, only to find out that your best friend is at Disneyland, that one of your classmates is eating delicious pizza at your favorite pizza store, and that one of your soccer teammates is climbing the Eiffel Tower in Paris? Have you ever had that feeling that others are experiencing things and enjoying life more than you are? Oh, man! You're missing out!___11___Researchers call that feeling the fear of missing out or FoMO.
___12___It's so easy today to see what your friends are doing from the social media. Unluckily, we only have so much time in the day and only so much money to spend on food or entertainment It would be impossible for us to enjoy all the same activities we see others take part in on social media.
Rather than realizing this basic truth, though, we usually let FoMO lead us to compare our lives with those of others on social media. ___13___ Why? We know all the sides of our lives— both good and bad. but all we see on social media are the picture-perfect moments others share.
___14___FoMO makes us check social media more frequently, leading to addiction and a negative cycle that can be hard to break. Researchers have found that social media and FoMO can cause serious negative results, including feeling of depression, loneliness and boredom.
___15___Researchers advise that we stop looking to social media for happiness. Instead, we should focus our attention on our real lives, including the people around us and all the things we're grateful for.
A. Have you ever experienced FoMO?
B. At least that's what you might think.
C. This certainly leaves us feeling dissatisfied.
D. So how do we break the cycle and avoid FoMO?
E. Over 75% of young people report feeling FoMO from time to time.
F. As famous Theodore Roosevelt said, "Comparison is the thief of joy".
G. If you let FoMO control you, the only thing you'll really be missing out on is your own life.
【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了社交媒体对人们的影响，呼吁人们关注自身周围真实的世界。
11. 根据上文“Have you ever had that feeling that others are experiencing things and enjoying life more than you are? Oh, man! You're missing out!”可知此处讲述人们自己的感受。故B项“At least that's what you might think.” B项：至少你会这么想。很好地承接上文。再根据下文故选B项。
12. 结合上文“Researchers call that feeling the fear of missing out or FoMO.”及下文“It's so easy today to see what your friends are doing from the social media.”可知，此句需承上启下，E项“超过75%的年轻人报告说他们时不时会有情绪低落的感觉。”承接上文“missing out or FoMO”的感觉，引出下文对于这种感觉的说明。故选E项。
13. 根据上文“Rather than realizing this basic truth, though, we usually let FoMO lead us to compare our lives with those of others on social media.”可知人们通常与其他人进行比较；再根据下文“We know all the sides of our lives— both good and bad. but all we see on social media are the picture-perfect moments others share.”可知我们只是知道他们的美好瞬间。C项“This certainly leaves us feeling dissatisfied.”（这会使我们不舒服）承上启下，符合语境。故选C项。
14. 根据下文“.FoMO makes us check social media more frequently, leading to addiction and a negative cycle that can be hard to break.”可知比较会使我们产生消极情绪；上文主要讲述攀比使人不舒服。F项“Comparison is the thief of joy”很好地承上启下。故选F项。
15. 根据下文“Researchers advise that we stop looking to social media for happiness.”可知研究人员给出了解决办法；D项“So how do we break the cycle and avoid FoMO?”给出如何解决的疑问。故选D项。
4
（2018·浙江舟山·三模）
Tips on How to Survive the Exam Season
When it comes to the exam season, a lot of you may feel stressed, depressed or even want to escape. Here we have pieces of advice to help you get it through.
____16____
During the semester, going to lectures and taking a lot of notes are the first steps in the learning process. Now, at the end of the week, gather all the notes you took during the week and run through your notes quickly,____17____ If yes, great. If not, you have a lot of time left to understand before the exams take place. You can ask a friend, a teacher, you can look it up on the Internet or go to a library. This takes a little effort, but the results are great.
Switch between different types of revision.
____18____ Something that really helps is to plan different types of active studying while revising. You can, for example, study using flashcards for an hour, then work on the summary for an hour, then have lunch, etc.
Make the facts more relatable.
There are many different ways to do so. I'm going to give you two examples and the first one is to create vivid images, which can be really helpful for studying history.____19____ The second is to make yourself familiar with new words by looking for words that look alike in other languages.
Teach and learn outside of the classroom.
In my experience, teaching is the most efficient way of studying. By explaining the materials to yourself or to someone else, you'll remember them a lot better.____20____ The idea is to sit down and take turns explaining certain topics of the study material.
Test yourself with past papers.
At the end of the whole study process, you should prepare yourself to do past papers properly. Time yourself, don't cheat, and mark it as if it were your real exam. Pay attention to the mistakes and revise the part you didn't do well on until you can't get it wrong any more.
A. Prepare yourself in advance.
B. Make sure to be tough on yourself.
C. Even if you are motivated to study, everyone gets bored after a couple of hours of studying.
D. While doing this, constantly ask yourself, "Do I understand what I am reading？"
E. Ask your parents or other family members to act as students and listen to your explanation.
F. Try to imagine how the events took place and this allows you to remember certain details more accurately.
G. Look for a study buddy or small study group, and discuss everything you have studied before the exam.
【答案与解析】本文是一篇选句填空，主要讲述了考试前如何有效的复习的问题，如提前做好准备，变换复习内容，使知识间相联系及课外及时学习等。
16. 考查上下文推理能力。根据下文Now, at the end of the week, gather all the notes you took during the week and run through your notes quickly（现在，在周末的时候，把你这周做的笔记都收集起来，快速地浏览一遍）可知，本段主要讲考前做准备。A项Prepare yourself in advance（提前做好准备），符合文意，故选A。
17. 考查上下文推理能力。根据下文If not, you have a lot of time left to understand before the exams take place.（如果没有，那么在考试发生之前你有很多时间可以理解）可知，D项While doing this, constantly ask yourself, "Do I understand what I am reading？"（这样做的时候，不断地问自己:“我读的东西我懂了吗?”）符合文意，故选D。
18. 考查上下文推理能力。根据下文Something that really helps is to plan different types of active studying while revising（真正有用的是在复习时进行不同类型的积极学习）可知，C项Even if you are motivated to study, everyone gets bored after a couple of hours of studying.（即使你有学习的动力，经过几个小时的学习，每个人都会觉得无聊），符合文意，故选C。
19. 考查上下文推理能力。根据前文I'm going to give you two examples and the first one is to create vivid images, which can be really helpful for studying history.（我要给你两个例子，第一个例子是创建生动的图象，这对研究历史很有帮助）可知，F项Try to imagine how the events took place and this allows you to remember certain details more accurately（尝试想象事件是如何发生的，这可以让你更准确地记住某些细节），符合文意，故选F。
20. 考查上下文推理能力。根据下文The idea is to sit down and take turns explaining certain topics of the study material（这个想法是坐下来轮流解释研究材料的某些主题）可知，G项Look for a study buddy or small study group, and discuss everything you have studied before the exam（寻找一个研究伙伴或一个小型研究小组，并讨论在考试前你学过的一切），符合文意，故选G。
5
（2021·江苏·一模）Sports performance can be influenced by many different things. ___21___
There are many physical factors（因素）that play a part in sports performance. ___22___ The natural talent and strength of the players will make a difference. Also，it is important to get enough sleep before you are in a sports event. ___23___ Eating good meals is also important. When you are hungry，you cannot perform the same. You might be thinking about food when you should be thinking about the game.
of course，the more a team or a player practices，the more likely they are to perform well. The same person with the same physical abilities might just become better as he practices.
Researching your competitor can matter a lot in sports performance. Knowing their strengths and weaknesses can help you adjust how you play to give yourself a better performance against them. ___24___ If you can figure out where to hit the ball in tennis that would confuse your competitor，for example，then this can help you score points.
___25___ If someone is very pessimistic about a game，for example，and is sure that he will lose，then he might increase his chances of doing so. If he is very nervous then he might be thinking about that instead of focusing on the game. If he is focused then he might do better，achieving what he didn't even realize he could. His confidence can also affect how the other team views him.
A. It is important to be aware of these factors.
B. It is necessary to get to know your competitor and yourself.
C. Also, there are ways to play something smartly and do better.
D. If you are tired, you may not perform as you normally would. ools1
E. If you have practiced enough to keep fit, you should have a rest.
F. If someone is in good shape, then of course he will perform better.
G. There are many psychological factors that can play a part in how well you perform.
【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲了在比赛中哪些因素影响你的表现。
21. 根据下文的There are many physical factors（因素）that play a part in sports performance.可知，A选项中的factors和下文内容相呼应，且语意联系上下文，运动成绩受许多不同的因素影响。了解这些因素很重要。有许多身体因素在运动成绩中起作用。故选A。
22. 根据下文的The natural talent and strength of the players will make a difference.运动员们的天赋和力量将会发挥作用。可知F选项中的perform better和下文中的make a difference是顺承关系，且语意（如果一个人身体很好，那么他当然会表现得更好）承接下文， 故选F。
23. 根据上文的Also，it is important to get enough sleep before you are in a sports event.可知，同时,充足的睡眠是很重要的，在你进行体育赛事之前。如果你累了，你可能不会像往常一样表现。其中D选项中的are tired与上文get enough sleep相对应，且语意承接上文，故选D。
24. 根据空后的If you can figure out where to hit the ball in tennis that would confuse your competitor，for example，then this can help you score points. 例如，如果你能找出在网球击球时迷惑你的竞争对手，这可以帮助你得分。由此可知，在比赛中还有一些小方法能帮你取得胜利，故C项语意（此外，还有一些方法可以玩得更聪明，做得更好），故选C。
25. G. There are many psychological factors that can play a part in how well you perform.
根据下文的If someone is very pessimistic about a game，for example，and is sure that he will lose，then he might increase his chances of doing so. 如果一个人对比赛很消极，确信他会失败，所以此处表示心理因素会影响你的表现，故G项能承接下文，其中pessimistic和psychological factors是相对应的，故选G。
6
（2019·云南昆明·模拟预测）
Top Tips to Succeed in Your First Year of University
This autumn, thousands of students from around the country will be starting their first year at university. ___26___ Here are some tips to help students succeed in their first year.
●Find support services.
All universities offer students guidance, mental health, disability services, career centers, accommodation and financial support. The best way to get information is to talk to other students. So, take every opportunity to join groups run by senior students. ___27___
●Manage your time well.
Learning how to balance social and academic commitments is the most difficult for new students. ___28___ Then work backwards to allocate time for researching, reading and checking references. In your plan, also account for other commitments including work, socializing and exercise.
●___29___
A good research is one where arguments have been debated and claims are supported by evidence. In order to do this well, you need to do the weekly readings assigned in your courses. You also need to read beyond the required list because lecturers are interested in students’ opinions that are informed by evidence. That is, they are supported by the readings and research the student has done.
●Enjoy university life!
___30___ It’s also about making life-long friendships and connections. Pursue your talents and interests and get involved in clubs and societies. The new friendships you form will become part of your support network and ensure that you make the most of your university experience.
A. Keep up-to-date with readings.
B. Form good study habits from the beginning.
C. You can also look for information on your university’s website.
D. Start by dealing with the activities and exams on your semester plan.
E. They can offer freshmen tips on how to handle their assignments and exams.
F. For some students, going to university is an exciting but stressful experience.
G. Finally, university is not just about studying hard to achieve one’s career goals.
【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文。说明了四个关于想要在大学第一年取得成功的建议。
26. 根据下文Here are some tips to help students succeed in their first year.（下面是一些帮助学生在第一年取得成功的建议。）说明上文提到对一些学生来说，上大学是一种令人兴奋但又有压力的经历。因此提供一些建议。故F选项符合上下文语境。故选F。
27. 根据上文So, take every opportunity to join groups run by senior students.（所以，抓住每一个机会加入高年级学生组织。）本句为解释这么做的原因是：他们可以为新生提供如何处理作业和考试的建议。故选E符合语境。
28. 根据上文Learning how to balance social and academic commitments is the most difficult for new students.（对于新生来说，学习如何平衡社会和学业是最困难的。）下文提供建议：从处理学期计划中的活动和考试开始。且D选项start对应下文中Then work backwards to allocate time for researching, reading and checking references.（然后向后分配时间用于研究、阅读和检查参考文献。）then。D选项符合语境。
29. 根据下文In order to do this well, you need to do the weekly readings assigned in your courses.（为了做到这一点，你需要每周阅读课程中指定的阅读材料。）中reading可对应到A选项中readings。表示“阅读最新资料”符合语境。故选A。
30. 根据下文It’s also about making life-long friendships and connections.（这也是关于建立一生的友谊和联系。）中also与G选项中not just相对应，表示“最后，大学不仅仅是为了实现自己的职业目标而努力学习。”符合语境。故选G。
7
（2019·广东·二模）The word “boycott” comes to English through Irish, which can be used as both a verb and a noun. As a verb, boycott means to refuse to do something as a form of protest （抗 议）.People who boycott something are often looking for social, economic （经济的）or political change._____31_____People stop using goods or services during a boycott until changes are made. ____32____ In the mid-1800s, a young man, Charles Boycott, worked as a land agent for the owner of a large country farm in Ireland. ____33____Later, the farmers demanded lower rents. Boycott refused, and even kicked some of them out of the farm. As a result, another man named Davitt came into conflict with Boycott.
In 1879，Davitt founded a group called the Land League，which sought to help poor farmers. He suggested to the farmers that they refuse to do business with Boycott._____34_____ Since Boycott’s workers and servants refused to carry out his orders, the crops in his fields   went bad. The community turned their back on the Boycott's family and they were forced to move.
At the end of 1880，some British newspapers began using Boycott’s name when reporting on a protest of unfair methods or actions._____35_____By the late 1880s,   The New York Times was reporting on boycotts. The word was generally used to describe labor protests against businesses. These days, consumers are able to use their buying power to boycott businesses they consider unfair.
A. The usage quickly spread.
B. In fact, it began with a man’s name.
C. This form of protest proved effective.
D. However, its original meaning is still unknown.
E. As a noun，the word boycott has a somewhat different meaning.
F. Otherwise，his last name may become a word people use when they protest.
G. Boycott’s job was to collect rents from the farmers who rented fields of the farm.
【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了单词“boycott”的来历以及所表达的意思。
31. 由“The word “boycott” comes to English through Irish, which can be used as both a verb and a noun. As a verb, boycott means to refuse to do something as a form of protest （抗 议”可知，“Boycott”既能用作名词，也能用作动词。作动词使，“boycott”意思是以抗议的形式拒绝做某事。所以小题1要说明它作名词使的意思，故E选项“作为名词，“boycott”多少有些不一样的意思”切题。故选E项。
32. 由“In the mid-1800s, a young man, Charles Boycott, worked as a land agent for the owner of a large country farm in Ireland”可知，在18世纪中期，一个叫做查尔斯·博伊科特的年轻人在爱尔兰做大庄园主的地产经纪人。所以小题2要总说这个单词源于一个人的名字。然后在具体说明。故B选项“这个单词源于一个人的名字”切题。故选B项。
33. 由“Later, the farmers demanded lower rents.”可知，佃农要求降低租金。所以小题3要说明博伊科特的工作职责以此承接下文。故G选项“博伊科特的职责是从在庄园种植庄稼的佃农那儿收取租金”切题。故选G项。
34. 由“He suggested to the farmers that they refuse to do business with Boycott.　　4　　 Since Boycott’s workers and servants refused to carry out his orders, the crops in his fields   went bad. ”可知，达维特建议佃农拒绝和Boycott做生意，博伊科特的工人和仆人拒绝执行他的命令，导致博伊科特地里的庄稼都坏了。所以小题4要起到承上启下的作用。故A选项“结果证实这种形式的抗议非常奏效”切题。故选C项。
35. 由“At the end of 1880，some British newspapers began using Boycott’s name when reporting on a protest of unfair methods or actions.　　5　　By the late 1880s,   The New York Times was reporting on boycotts.”可知，1880年底，一些英国的报纸开始用博伊科特的名字来报告与不公平的方法或者行动有关的抗议活动。到19世纪80年代末，《纽约时报》一直在报道联合抵抗的新闻。所以从1880年到19世纪80年代末这种用法很快就传开了也就是小题5所要说明内容。故A选项“这种用法很快就传开了”切题。故选A项。
8
（2019·广东湛江·二模）A group trip is much more different than what one might expect with an organized tour or a solo holiday. ____36____ Thus, it is certainly an experience to enjoy.
Going on holiday with a group of friends is all about having fun, creating memories and trying a new experience with a shared interest to travel. ___37___ It also helps you learn more about how to travel. Whether you decide to go in a large group of up to 10 people or more or go in a much smaller group of 4, group trips are a great way to bond and reconnect with one another. ___38___   It can happen periodically, perhaps once or twice a year.
Planning a group trip may be difficult but the result will be satisfying. Choose a popularly known destination or an unknown destination. This decision can actually set the foundation for the mood of the trip. ____39____ This will give group members an idea of what they can expect for the next group trip.
The purpose of the group trip, for some, may be to escape from the city or their current busy schedules. ____40____ Whether they will be positive or negative memories, the main idea is that as a group they will be able to link their trip to the memories created.
A. Besides, it doesn’t have to be a constant activity.
B. You will only enjoy such a trip once in a lifetime.
C. It means being inside jokes, great stories and plenty of laughs.
D. It’s special both in its form and the unique experience it offers.
E. For others, it may be to catch up with friends over a period of time.
F. They have been alone for too long a time and thus badly need a trip.
G. You will experience new or familiar destinations with close acquaintances.
【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了团体旅游的三点好处。
36. 根据下文Thus, it is certainly an experience to enjoy.（因此，这当然是一种享受的体验。）可知上文对团体旅游是一种支持态度，故D选项“它的形式和独特的体验都很特别。”符合语境。故选D。
37. 根据上文Going on holiday with a group of friends is all about having fun, creating memories and trying a new experience with a shared interest to travel.（和一群朋友一起去度假就是为了玩得开心，创造回忆，尝试一种新的体验，分享旅行的乐趣。）可知团体旅游玩的开心意味着讲笑话，讲精彩的故事，开怀大笑。故选C。
38. 根据下文It can happen periodically, perhaps once or twice a year.（它可以周期性地发生，也许一年一两次。）可知团体旅游它不必是一项持续的活动。故选A。
39. 根据上文Choose a popularly known destination or an unknown destination. This decision can actually set the foundation for the mood of the trip.（选择一个众所周知的目的地或一个未知的目的地。这个决定实际上可以为这次旅行的心情打下基础。）中的destination可对应到G选项“你会和熟悉的人一起经历新的或熟悉的目的地。”故选G。
40. 根据上文The purpose of the group trip, for some, may be to escape from the city or their current busy schedules.（对于一些人来说，团体旅行的目的可能是为了逃离城市或他们目前繁忙的日程安排。）中for some可对应到E选项中for others，“对其他人来说，可能是在一段时间内赶上朋友。”符合语境。故选E。
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（2021·江苏·徐州市第一中学模拟预测）Everyone is aware that taking good care of our bodies can prevent many medical problems from occurring later. However, we often have less awareness of preventative actions we should take to help with mental health problems. While our mental health may be fine right now, many of us will struggle at some point. ___41___ It’s impossible to get through life without challenges, but our mental health prevention habits can help us get through difficult times. ___42___
Keep active. The more active you physically, mentally and socially are, the higher the level of your mental wellness is likely to be. So go for walks and learn something new. There are many other ways to be active. ___43___
Be connected. Regular involvement in social activities with supportive friends and family improves your ability to handle disappointments, and everything else life throws at you. ___44___ But you can be involved in any manner; even volunteering for an organization can help you be more social.
___45___ The nature of these activities varies widely from person to person. The key is to identify what gives your life meaning. Volunteering, coaching, teaching, etc. all can contribute to increasing your sense of confidence and satisfaction with life. Many activities can address more than one. The key is to make a plan and stick with it. If you are already struggling, begin to practice these ways to help your recovery.
A. Here are three practical steps.
B. However, good mental health is important.
C. Stresses, disappointments and disasters happen.
D. Overcome life’s challenges before they happen.
E. Be committed to activities that give life meaning.
F. The key is to find what keeps you motivated and interested.
G. This can be difficult when you move to a new town or as you get older.
【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。每个人都知道，照顾好我们的身体可以防止许多医疗问题的发生。生活中不可能没有挑战，但是我们的心理健康预防习惯可以帮助我们度过困难时期。文章介绍了三个实用的方式。
41. 上文提示“虽然我们的心理健康现在可能很好，但我们中的许多人都会在某种情况下挣扎。”再根据下文提示“生活中不可能没有挑战，但是我们的心理健康预防习惯可以帮助我们度过困难时期。”承接上下文，C项Stresses, disappointments and disasters happen.（压力、失望和灾难总会发生。）承上启下。故选C。
42. 上文提示“生活中不可能没有挑战，但是我们的心理健康预防习惯可以帮助我们度过困难时期。”再根据下面三段内容， A项Here are three practical steps.（这里有三个实用的步骤。）承上启下。故选A。
43. 上文提示“有很多其他的活跃方式。”承接上文，F项The key is to find what keeps you motivated and interested.（关键是找到让你保持动力和兴趣的东西。）切题。故选F。
44. 上文提示“经常和支持你的朋友和家人一起参加社交活动，可以提高你处理失望和生活中其他事情的能力。”再根据下文提示“但你可以以任何方式参与其中；即使是为一个组织做志愿者也能帮助你更加社会化。”承接上下文，G项This can be difficult when you move to a new town or as you get older.（当你搬到一个新的城镇或随着年龄的增长，这可能会很困难。）切题。该项中的this指的是上文内容；而横线下句中的but与该项构成转折。故选G。
45. 下文提示“这些活动的性质因人而异。”承接下文，E项Be committed to activities that give life meaning.（致力于那些赋予生活意义的活动。）切题。故选E。
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（2019·广东佛山·一模）The history of writing instruments, with which humans have recorded and conveyed thoughts and feelings, is the history of civilization itself. This is how we know about our ancestors and their life.
The handy sharpened-stone was adapted into the first writing instrument. Around 24,000 BC, the cave man started drawing pictures with the stone onto the walls of his cave.____46____Walls at the Apollo site in Namibia are believed to be the oldest rock paintings to date.
Before paper came along, people used clay or wax tablets on which they wrote with sharp objects such as metal sticks or bones. Around 6000 years ago, the Egyptians invented the first paperlike material called papyrus. The word “paper” actually comes from the word “papyrus”.
___47___Bones or metal sticks were no longer useful as the papyrus could not be scratched. So the Egyptians created a reed-pen perfect for the papyrus.____48____And thus, ancient Egyptians transformed bamboo stems (茎) into an early form of a fountain pen.
Another writing instrument that remained active in history for a long period was the quill (鹅毛) pen. Introduced around 700 AD, the quill was a pen made from a bird feather. Goose feathers were most common.____49____For making fine line drawings, crow feathers were the best.
When writers had better inks and paper and handwriting had developed into both an art form and an everyday occurrence, man’s inventive nature once again turned to improving the writing instrument.___50___
A. Now something was needed to write upon the papyrus.
B. The papyrus became the most popular material at that time.
C. Swan feathers were of a high quality, being rare and most expensive.
D. Bamboo stems were better and much more expensive than goose feathers.
E. This led to the development of the modern fountain pen in the 19th century.
F. These were mostly the stems of grasses, especially from the bamboo plant.
G. These drawings showed events in daily life like the planting of crops or hunting victories.
【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。人类用来记录和表达思想感情的书写工具的历史，就是文明本身的历史。这就是我们如何了解我们的祖先和他们的生活。文章介绍了改进书写工具的发展。
46. 上文提示“大约公元前24000年，穴居人开始用石头在洞穴的墙上画画。”再根据下文提示“纳米比亚阿波罗遗址的墙壁被认为是迄今为止最古老的岩画。”承接上下文，G项These drawings showed events in daily life like the planting of crops or hunting victories.（这些图画展示了日常生活中的事件，如种植庄稼或打猎的胜利。）切题。故选G。
47. 下文提示“由于纸莎草纸不能被刮伤，骨头或金属棒不再有用。”承接下文，A项Now something was needed to write upon the papyrus.（现在需要在纸莎草纸上写点什么。）切题。故选A。
48. 上文提示“因此，埃及人创造了一种芦苇笔，完美地用于纸莎草纸。”承接上文，F项These were mostly the stems of grasses, especially from the bamboo plant.（这些主要是草的茎，尤其是竹子的茎。）切题。故选F。
49. 上文提示“最常见的是鹅毛。”承接上文，C.项Swan feathers were of a high quality, being rare and most expensive.（天鹅羽毛质量很好，既稀有又昂贵。）切题。故选C。
50. 上文提示“当作家们有了更好的墨水、纸张和书法，它们已经发展成为一种艺术形式和日常生活的一部分时，人类的创造性再一次转向改进书写工具。”承接上文，E项This led to the development of the modern fountain pen in the 19th century.（这导致了现代钢笔在19世纪的发展。）切题。故选E。
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（2021·重庆南开中学模拟预测）
How to Build a Better Breakfast
We've all heard that breakfast is the most important meal of the day, and that may actually be true. A study found that breakfast eaters were more likely to lose weight than those who didn't eat a morning meal. ___51___ But it's not just when you eat; it's what you eat. These tips will help you really rise and shine:
1. Eat even if you're not hungry.
Although you might not feel like eating first thing in the morning, it's a good idea to get something into your system. Eating within 90 minutes of waking up will jump-start your metabolism（新陈代谢）and keep you from getting hungry later. ___52___
2. Be boring.
Changing what you eat is a good idea in theory, but if you are watching your weight, you might want to stick with the same old menu. People who allowed their breakfast calories to change have larger waists（腰围）and a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome（代谢综合征）than folks who keep their morning calorie intake constant, no matter how much they eat the rest of the day. ___53___
3. Add peanuts or peanut butter.
By eating peanuts or peanut butter, the carbohydrates(碳水化合物）are taken in more slowly and blood sugar does not rise as high. ___54___ So they are less likely to snack later.
4. ___55___
There's an old saying that advises ''Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince and dinner like a pauper. " It's worth following. Those who eat a balanced 700-calorie breakfast over a 12-week period lower their blood sugar and blood pressure twice more than people who eat a 200-calorie meal. They also lose an average of 19.2 pounds and have lower levels of ghrelin, the "hunger hormone（激素）.
A. Go big.
B. Pile on the produce.
C. Other studies link skipping breakfast with a higher risk of developing high blood pressure, heart disease, and type 2 diabetes（糖尿病）.
D. So it's worth making the effort to hold it steady.
E. It could set you up for overeating throughout the day.
F. Just a banana will do the trick.
G. Plus women feel fuller for up to 12 hours after eating the peanut butter or peanuts.
【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何吃一顿更好的早餐的几点建议。
51. 根据空前的“A study found that breakfast eaters were more likely to lose weight than those who didn't eat a morning meal.可知，一项研究发现，吃早餐的人比不吃早餐的人更容易减肥，此处承接上文，讲的是不吃早餐的其他危害，故C项（其他研究表明，不吃早餐会增加患高血压、心脏病和2型糖尿病的风险）符合语境。
52. 根据空前的“Eating within 90 minutes of waking up will jump-start your metabolism（新陈代谢）and keep you from getting hungry later.”可知，起床后90分钟内吃东西会加速你的新陈代谢，让你不会感到饿，此处补充说明，说的是关于吃的东西，故F项（一根香蕉就可以了）符合语境。
53. 根据空前的“People who allowed their breakfast calories to change have larger waists（腰围）and a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome（代谢综合征）than folks who keep their morning calorie intake constant, no matter how much they eat the rest of the day.”可知，与那些保持早晨卡路里摄入量不变的人相比，那些不改变早餐卡路里摄入量的人腰围更大，患代谢综合征的几率也更高，不管他们接下来一天吃了多少，此处总结上文，故D项（所以努力保持稳定是值得的）符合语境。
54. 根据空后的“So they are less likely to snack later.”可知，所以她们以后不太可能吃零食，此处解释原因，故G项（此外，女性在食用花生酱或花生后，会感到长达12小时的饱腹感）符合语境。
55. 根据本段内容，特别是第一句“There's an old saying that advises ''Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince and dinner like a pauper. "”可知，早餐要像国王一样吃，午餐要像王子一样吃，晚餐要像乞丐一样吃”，再结合后面的对比可知，本段讲的是早餐要吃就吃好，故A项（做大点）符合语境。
12
（2020·陕西咸阳·一模）Traveling with kids, regardless of the age, is a terrible thing for new parents. Responsibility is high and travel expenses might be unexpected at any point of the trip. If you are planning your first road trip or vacation with children, there are several important things to consider.
Get a child locator. ____56____ and many parents sometimes lose their kids Popular tourist destinations are overcrowded, too. So, if you are afraid of losing your children, get a child locator to be aware of where your kids are going when they accidentally get lost.
___57___ You do not need to pack tons of toys, sweets and a tablet full of games in order to keep your little ones entertained. You can encourage them to create a travel journal or smash book, read, tell each other stories, or give them a camera to capture the most precious moments during your trip. ___58___
___59___ This is a must even during the shortest road trip. You can handle a headache, but your child can’t. If you do not know what to put in your first aid kit (急救箱), consult your children’s doctor, because all children are different and the medicines either.
Apart from the above, money, passport, avoiding heavy luggage, pick a family-friendly destination and family friendly accommodation are also needed. Traveling with kids is exciting and interesting. Your first trip might not be so exciting, but with a careful preparation, your family trip will be the most memorable one. ___60___
A. Keep them careful
B. Keep them entertained
C. Pack a small, kid-friendly first aid kit.
D. Board games might be a god choice, too
E. Airports and train stations are usually overcrowded.
F. Avoiding your little ones in the panning of the trip is a good idea.
G. Involve your little ones in the planning of the trip, which will help you
【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文。对初为人父母的人来说，无论年龄多大，和孩子一起旅行都是一件可怕的事情。责任重大，旅途中的任何时候都可能发生意外。因此文章说明了四点和孩子们的第一次自驾游或假期需要考虑的事情。
56. 根据下文and many parents sometimes lose their kids. Popular tourist destinations are overcrowded, too.（很多父母有时会失去他们的孩子。受欢迎的旅游景点也过于拥挤。）可知本空为描述一个过于拥挤的场所，其中overcrowded对应到E选项中Airports and train stations are usually overcrowded.（机场和火车站通常人满为患。）代入符合语境，故选E。
57. 根据下文You do not need to pack tons of toys, sweets and a tablet full of games in order to keep your little ones entertained.（你不需要打包成吨的玩具，糖果和一个充满游戏的平板电脑，以保持你的孩子的注意力。）中entertained可对应到B选项中Keep them entertained（让他们保持开心）。代入符合语境，故选B。
58. 根据上文You can encourage them to create a travel journal or smash book, read, tell each other stories, or give them a camera to capture the most precious moments during your trip.（你可以鼓励他们写一本旅行日志或一本好书，互相阅读、讲故事，或者给他们一个相机，捕捉旅途中最珍贵的时刻。）可知是提出记录旅程的方式，故D选项“棋盘游戏可能也是一个不错的选择”代入符合语境。故选D。
59. 根据本段最后一句If you do not know what to put in your first aid kit, consult your children’s doctor, because all children are different and the medicines either.（如果你不知道该在急救箱里放些什么，请咨询你孩子的医生，因为所有的孩子都是不同的，药物也是不同的。）可推知本段是建议准备儿童急救箱。故选C“打包一个适合儿童使用的小急救箱”。
60. 根据上文Your first trip might not be so exciting, but with a careful preparation, your family trip will be the most memorable one.（你的第一次旅行可能没有那么令人兴奋，但经过精心准备，你的家庭旅行将是最难忘的一次。）中your family trip可对应到G选项中planning of the trip 。表示“让你的孩子参与这次旅行的计划，这会对你有帮助”。故选G。
13
（2020·吉林·二模）Food will become healthier and the food choices will become smarter and promote healthy eating once your kitchen is well organized.___61___. They also give you a head start to start establishing a kitchen that encourages you to eat quality food.
Keep fresh spices and herbs within reachable distance. When you add fresh herbs to your food, you can make it not only healthy but also delicious, which will help you in actively avoiding unhealthy foods like salt, butter, etc. These foods are known to raise the deliciousness. This is why it is hard for us to let it go initially.___62___, it becomes much easier to form good eating habits.
Keep all your healthy items close at hand. Place all the low-calorie snacks easy to reach so that your first response is to grab something healthy when you have a hunger pang.___63___. They can be accessed only when you are facing extreme desire. This way, you can avoid the evil thought of grabbing one every time you enter the storeroom.
Keep all your small appliances (电器) handy.___64___, chances are that they will end up at the back of the cabinet, never to be used again. Bring out all your small appliances like a juicer that has been eating dirt in your storage cupboards.
___65___. Remove all the items from the fridge and clean it properly. You can also organize it in such a way that all your healthy food and produce are in the front and the other items are at the back.
A. Keep your fridge organized
B. Make your fridge easy to clean
C. You can also add an iPad station in the kitchen
D. These ideas will be helpful in better organizing your kitchen
E. But once there are tastier and healthier alternatives within reach
F. When you have to put in far too much effort to locate the small items
G. You can also hide all your chocolates in a place where they are not visible to you
【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文。短文就如何合理规划厨房，可以让我们吃得更健康提出了几点建议。
61. 由“They also give you a head start to start establishing a kitchen that encourages you to eat quality food.”可知，他们也给你一个良好的开始去建立一个厨房，鼓励你吃高质量的食物。所以小题1要与后一句为并列关系，来说明几种建议的益处同时引出下文中的几点建议。故D选项“这些想法将有助于更好地组织你的厨房”切题。故选D项。
62. 由“it becomes much easier to form good eating habits.”可知，养成良好的饮食习惯将变得更简单。所以小题2要补充完整这个状语从句，且表示条件。故E选项“但是如果有更美味更健康的选择”切题。故选E项。
63. 由“They can be accessed only when you are facing extreme desire”可知，只有当你实在抵制不了那种欲望的时候才能拿出来吃。所以小题3要与下一句为承接关系。故E选项“你也可以把你所有的巧克力都藏在你看不见的地方”切题。故选G项。
64. 由“chances are that they will end up at the back of the cabinet, never to be used again”可知，很有可能这些电器最后的结局就是在橱柜后面积满灰尘，永不再用。所以小题4要补充完这个从句，且表示时间，意在说明本段的主题“把你所有的小电器放在手边”。故F选项“当你不得不花太多的精力去寻找这些小东西时”切题。故选F项。
65. 由“Remove all the items from the fridge and clean it properly. You can also organize it in such a way that all your healthy food and produce are in the front and the other items are at the back.”可知，把冰箱里所有的东西都拿出来，好好清洁一下。你也可以把所有的健康食品和农产品放在前面，其它的放在后面。所以本段在说明保持你的冰箱井然有序也就是是小题5本段的小标题所要说明的内容。故A选项“保持你的冰箱井然有序”切题。故选A项。
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（2020·陕西·西安中学一模）We know that choosing a college major can be very hard. But have no fear! Your choice of major will not lock you into a specific career for the rest of your life. Here's what you need to know about college majors before you commit.
What is a major?
___66___Beyond general college requirements， you'll also take a group of courses in a subject of your choosing such as Chemistry， Literature， or Political Science.
How important is my major?
The major you choose will neither predict nor guarantee your future. Many graduates find jobs that have nothing to do with what they studied in college. If you intend to earn a professional degree after college， you will probably need certain courses. ___67___
When do I declare a major?
This varies widely across schools and programs.____68____Others require that you declare upon a major by the time that you set foot inside your first class.
___69___
Definitely. One of the most exciting aspects of college life is that it introduces you to new subjects and arouses new passions. However， keep this in mind. Every major has necessary coursework. If you change your major late in the game， it may take more than the traditional four years to earn a degree.
What are minors and double majors?
If one field of study doesn’t satisfy your intellectual appetite， consider a minor. A minor is similar to a major in that it’s an area of academic concentration.___70___A double major provides you with an understanding of two academic fields. It allows you to become familiar with two sets of values and views while it also requires you to fulfill two sets of requirements.
A. Can I change my mind?
B. Is my major time-consuming?
C. It's your specialized area of study in college.
D. Most students find one major is more than enough.
E. Some schools may give you one year or more to decide.
F. But many future doctors major in non-science related fields.
G. The only difference is that it doesn’t require as many classes.
【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文，介绍了关于大学所选专业的一些信息。
66. 本段小标题为“什么是专业？”，根据下文Beyond general college requirements， you'll also take a group of courses in a subject of your choosing such as Chemistry， Literature， or Political Science.可知，除了通用的大学要求，你还将学习一门你选择的课程，如化学，文学或政治科学。符合本段主题，承接下文，C项（这是你在大学学习的专业领域。）切题。故选C项。
67. 根据上文If you intend to earn a professional degree after college， you will probably need certain courses.可知，如果你打算在大学毕业后获得专业学位，您可能需要某些特定的课程。F项（但许多未来的医生主修非科学相关领域。）与之形成对比，阐释了“The major you choose will neither predict nor guarantee your future.（你的专业选择既不会预测也不会保证你的未来）”这一句话，故选F项。
68. 根据上文This varies widely across schools and programs可知，关于什么时候选专业，不同学校和项目的差异很大。根据下文Others require that you declare upon a major by the time that you set foot inside your first class.可知，其他学校则要求你在上第一节课时就申请专业。承上启下，E项（有些学校可能会给你一天或以上的时间去决定）切题，故选E项。
69. 根据这一段中If you change your major late in the game可知，这一段与换专业有关，故选A项（我可以改变主意吗？）
70. 根据上文If one field of study doesn' t satisfy your intellectual appetite， consider a minor. A minor is similar to a major in that it’s an area of academic concentration.可知，如果一个研究领域不能满足您的智力需求，考虑辅修。辅修专业与主专业相似的地方是它们都是学术集中的领域。承接上文，G项（唯一的区别是它不需要上那么多课。）切题，故选G项。
15
（2019·安徽·模拟预测）An acquaintance has something in common with you and merely enjoys your company for a short time. A fair-weather friend flatters (讨好）you when the sun is shining and the birds are singing. ___71___They would never do the following things.
Walk away when times get tough. True friendship is all about how a person helps another person when they are down and can give very little in return. Thus, take note of who remains in your life when times get tough. Seriously，when you come out the other side of a difficult period in your life, look around you. ___72___
Hold hatred (憎恨）over your head. Some people will refuse to accept that you are no longer who you used to be—that you made mistakes in the past，learned from them, and moved beyond them. ___73___ Instead，they help you repair your present and future.
Pretend like they have all the answers. You may think about the people who have had the greatest positive effect on your life—the ones who truly made a difference. ___74___ True friends are the ones who sit silently with you when you need a moment to think. They'd always lend you a shoulder when you need to cry.
___75___ You deserve to be with friends who make you smile—friends who don't take you for granted and won't leave you hanging. When you notice that a friend is always taking advantage of you instead of offering help when you need，you might need to distance yourself from them for a while. A true friend should want to give，but they shouldn't be forced to always give more than they get.
A. Let you down.
B. Take from you without giving back.
C. The people still standing beside you are your true friends
D. True friends never hold the unchangeable past against you.
E. True friends love and appreciate each other just the way they are.
F. A true friend，on the other hand，has your very best interests at heart.
G. However, you’ll soon realize that they aren’t the ones that tried to solve all your problems.
【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一个真正的朋友决不会做的几件事。
71. 根据空后的“They would never do the following things.”可知，他们永远不会做下面的事情，这说明真正的朋友时刻以你的利益为重，故F项（另一方面，一个真正的朋友会把你最大的利益放在心上）符合语境。
72. 根据空前的“Seriously，when you come out the other side of a difficult period in your life, look around you.”可知，说真的，当你在困难时期的另一边出来的时候，看看你的周围，此处承接上文，说的是你发现了什么，故C项（站在你身边的人是你真正的朋友）符合语境。
73. 根据空后的“Instead，they help you repair your present and future.”可知，相反，他们会帮助你修整现在和将来，Instead表明此处会提到一种相反的做法，故D项（真正的朋友从不对你耿耿于怀）符合语境。
74. 根据空后的“True friends are the ones who sit silently with you when you need a moment to think.”可知，真正的朋友是那些在你需要思考的时候静静地和你坐在一起的人，故G项（然而，你很快就会意识到，他们并不是试图解决你所有的问题的人）符合语境。
75. 此处为本段主题句，根据每段主题句的句式特点和本段内容可知，本段讲的是真正的朋友决不会只从你身上索取而不知回报，故B项（从你身上索取而不回报）符合语境。
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（2021·甘肃·天水市第一中学模拟预测）Smiling is a great way to make yourself stand out while helping your body to function better. It is just one fun way to live longer, read about the others and try as many as you can.___76___
1. Smiling makes us attractive
___77___There is an attraction factor. We want to know a smiling person and figure out what is so good. Frowns and sorrows all push people away—but a smile draws them in. When someone is smiling they lighten up the room, change the moods of others, and make things happier. Smile a lot and you will draw people to you.
2. ___78___
Stress can really show up in our faces, while smiling helps to prevent us from looking tired, worn down, and overwhelmed. When you are stressed, it is of great significance to take time to put on a smile, which can trick the body into helping you change your mood. The stress should be reduced and you’ll be better able to take action.
3. Smiling Lowers Your Blood Pressure
When you smile, there is a measurable reduction in your blood pressure. ___79___ Sit for a few minutes, take a reading. Then smile for a minute and take another reading while still smiling. Do you notice a difference?
4. Smiling Makes You Seem Successful
Smiling people appear more confident, are more likely to be promoted, and more likely to be approached.___80___
Next time you are feeling down, try putting on a smile. There's a good chance your mood will change for the better.
A. The muscles we use to smile lift the face, making a person appear younger.
B. Smiling Relieves Stress
C. Here are some reasons to keep smiling in your daily life.
D. Give it a try if you have a blood pressure monitor at home.
E. Put on a smile at meetings and appointments and people will react to you differently.
F. When we smile our body is sending the rest of us a message that "Life is Good !"
G. We are drawn to people who smile.
【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文。微笑有许多好处：微笑可以让你脱颖而出，让你变得更健康、更能抵抗压力和让你更有魅力。微笑让你活得更加长久快乐，还有可能晋升职位。既然有那么多的好处，尽你所能在日常生活中试着去微笑。
76. 本题位于段末，本段主要概述微笑有许多好处，如：让你脱颖而出、更有魅力、让你更长寿等。以及下文的四个小标题可知，本小题是对下文4个小标题的总结。由此可知此题是说在日常生活中保持微笑的原因。分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C。
77. 本题位于段首，本段的主题句为“Smiling makes us attractive.”以及本段中的“a smile draws them in.”可知，微笑让我们有吸引力，我们被微笑的人所吸引。分析选项，可知G项（We are drawn to people who smile.）与本段的意义一致，且有词“draw”的复现。故选G。
78. 本小题为一段的小标题，分析下面一段的内容可知，本段是说微笑有助于掩盖你的疲惫，让你的情绪改变，缓解压力，使你更好地行动。分析选项可知，B项Smiling Relieves Stress（微笑缓解压力）符合题意，故选B。
79. 本题属于段中，本题所在的小标题为“微笑能降低你的血压”，本段举例坐几分钟、看书、微笑，最后问“注意到区别了吗？”可知，想知道区别就要用血压计来量一下。分析选项可知D项Give it a try if you have a blood pressure monitor at home.（如果你家里有血压计，试试看）与此段意义一致，且有词“blood pressure”的复现。故选D项。
80. 本句的前一句“微笑的人看起来更自信，更有可能被晋升，也更有可能被接近。”因此在约会时要微笑，这样就会使你看起来易于接近，开会时微笑更有可能会被晋升。分析选项可知，E项Put on a smile at meetings and appointments and people will react to you differently.（在会议和约会上微笑，人们会对你做出不同的反应。）符合题意，故选E。
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（2021·黑龙江大庆·二模）I think it is safe to say that happiness is the king of emotions. Everyone wants to talk about how to get it, ways to prolong it and the benefits associated with it. Not surprisingly, negative emotions are considered to be bad. ___81___ But bad feelings can be a valuable way to arouse you to take action. In fact, they can be a surprising source of personal growth by doing the following things.
● Recognize what you are feeling.   There are going to be times when the negative emotions are just temporary. ___82___ However, if it happens on a frequent basis, your mind is trying to tell you something and you need to handle it.
●___83___ Once you recognize the negative emotion you are feeling, you need to understand just what is behind it. The trouble is that often the cause of your bad feelings might be hard to see. Is it your home life, work, friends, unrealized dreams or various other frustrations? Take your time figuring it out and get to the root of what is causing the negative emotion.
● Take correct action. In some cases, it might be easy. If someone consistently makes you angry, you can just avoid them. In many other cases, you might need to take even bolder（大胆的） action. ___84___ Hopefully you have a different opinion on negative emotions now. They are not things designed to only make your life miserable. ___85___
A. Understand the causes.
B. Action is the real cause of pain.
C. Acknowledge your true feelings.
D. They are to be avoided at all costs.
E. What they really are is a signal for change.
F. Everyone feels a little down every once in a while.
G. An example of that would be ending a failing marriage or quitting your job.
【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文。消极情绪被认为是不好的，负面情绪是无论如何都要避免的。但是坏情绪是一种激发你采取行动的有价值的方式。文章说明了三种面对消极情绪的方法。
81. 根据上文Not surprisingly, negative emotions are considered to be bad. 毫无疑问，消极情绪被认为是不好的。可推测负面情绪是无论如何都要避免的。故选D。
82. 根据上文There are going to be times when the negative emotions are just temporary. 有些时候负面情绪只是暂时的。可推测每隔一段时间，每个人都会感到有点沮丧。故选F。
83. 根据后文Once you recognize the negative emotion you are feeling, you need to understand just what is behind it. 一旦你意识到你所感受到的消极情绪，你就需要明白它的背后是什么。即你需要了解你感受到的消极情绪是由什么原因导致的。故选A。
84. 根据上文In many other cases, you might need to take even bolder（大胆的） action. 在许多其他情况下，你可能需要采取更大胆的行动。下文举出大胆行为的例子：例如结束一段失败的婚姻或辞掉工作。故选G。
85. 根据上文They are not things designed to only make your life miserable.可知它们不是只会让你的生活变得悲惨的东西。可推测下文指出他们的真实含义是：它们的本质是改变的信号。故选E。
18
（2019·山西·临汾第一中学校一模）
How to Make a Chinese Hot Pot
Eating a Chinese hot pot is a very common experience. People gather around the pot, dipping their food, waiting for it to cook, mixing their own seasonings (调味品) and enjoying each other's company. ____86____
Firstly, prepare a large pot of soup. There is no right or wrong way to prepare a soup, so feel free to make your own. A simple soup can be made by boiling water with the addition of meat bones or fish heads and a mixture of herbs, seasonings and vegetables.
Then, cut a variety of meats and fish into thin slices.____87____. Choose any food that you enjoy. Some common choices for Chinese hot pot include thin pieces of beef, pork, lamb and so on. You can make your hot pot using the more traditional method of using the meats and seafood that are local to you. Meanwhile, select, wash and prepare some vegetables. ____88____ Mushrooms of all kinds are also common to Chinese hot pot preparations.
____89____At home, a single hot pot would work well up to 4-8 people depending on the size of the pot. Make sure everyone is sitting in a circle and has easy access to everything on the table. Prepare a separate small dish for each guest to mix their seasonings. ____90____!
A. Finally, arrange the seating reasonably
B. Now comes the turn to enjoy your hot pot
C. It will guarantee that the items will cook quickly and fully
D. Here are some easy steps to make a Chinese hot pot at home
E. For more variety, consider dumplings, rice cakes and tangyuan
F. Popular choices include: cabbage, pea leaves, winter melon and tomato
G. It usually lasts a couple of hours because you are cooking and eating in small parts
【答案与解析】本文属于记叙文阅读，作者通过这篇文章向我们介绍了在家中做火锅的一些步骤。
86. 根据后文Firstly，prepare a large pot of soup；Then，cut a variety of meats and fish into thin slices可知此处介绍的是在家中做火锅的一些步骤，故选D。
87. 根据前文Then，cut a variety of meats and fish into thin slices可知要把鱼，肉切成薄片，这样可以快速而充分的烹饪，故选C。
88. 根据前文Meanwhile，select，wash and prepare some vegetables. 可知同时还要准备一些蔬菜，因此推断F项最受欢迎的选择包括：卷心菜、豌豆叶、冬瓜和番茄。符合语境，故选F。
89. 根据后文At home，a single hot pot would work well up to 8people depending on the size of the pot.在家里，根据火锅的大小，一个火锅最多可以供4-8人使用。因此推断本段介绍了要合理安排座位，故选A。
90. 根据前文Prepare a separate small dish for each guest to mix their seasonings. 可知要给每人准备一个单独的小盘子，接下来就可以享用火锅了，故选B。
19
（2019·安徽·一模）When big news breaks, it's easy to get caught up in following the story online. The Internet can be a place to find useful information. _____91_____ Helping kids understand the news and how to separate fact from fiction is an important job for parents and educators.
Here's some advice that parents can offer kids to help them be quicker to judge as they consume news online.
_____92_____ In the rush to cover stories, reporters make mistakes, officials don't always have correct information and tidbits (八卦新闻) that sound reasonable often get passed around before anyone has checked them for accuracy.
Use social media wisely. Some say Twitter is a great source of news in the first few minutes of a tragedy. _____93_____ On the other hand, Facebook can be a great way to connect with friends affected by events in the news and to spread personal news within a more limited circle.
Be skeptical. _____94_____ After the Boston Marathon bombing, NBC Sports reported that some runners kept running all the way to the hospital to donate blood for the victims. Not true. There are plenty of websites devoted to exposing false news stories. The Washington Post also has a Fact Checker column that delivers claims made by public officials and politicians. Visit them to find out if a story is true.
Keep it age-appropriate. Kids aren't always ready to digest big, tragic news - especially if the news is about kids, such as school shootings or abuses.   The constant repetition of information can be confusing for younger kids, and at the beginning of a news event, parents might not be able to offer any correct answers. _____95_____
A. Remember, breaking news is often wrong.
B. It also can be the source of misinformation.
C. If something sounds too good to be true, it probably is.
D. Make sure you and your kids aren't falling victim to false news.
E. However, after that it just becomes messy and largely inaccurate.
F. With social media at your fingertips, it's convenient to express your opinion.
G. Kids who are eager to learn more about certain events can check kid-guided news sources.
【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些建议给父母和教育者，帮助孩子理解网上的新闻，区分真假。
91. 上文提示“互联网是一个可以找到有用信息的地方。”承接上文，B项It also can be the source of misinformation.（它也可能是错误信息的来源。）切题。此处also将上下文连接在一起。故选B。
92. 下文提示“在匆忙报道新闻的过程中，记者会犯错误，官员们并不总是掌握正确的信息，而那些听起来合情合理的小道消息往往会在任何人检查其准确性之前就被传开。”承接下文，A项Remember, breaking news is often wrong.（记住，突发新闻往往是错误的。）切题。故选A。
93. 上文提示“有人说，在悲剧发生的头几分钟里，Twitter是一个很好的新闻来源。”承接上文，E. However, after that it just becomes messy and largely inaccurate.（然而，在那之后，它就变得混乱，而且在很大程度上是不准确的。）切题。该项中的However表示一种转折关系，将上下文仅仅联系在一起。故选E。
94. 根据本段小标题“务必持怀疑态度”。再根据下文提示“波士顿马拉松爆炸案发生后，NBC体育报道称，一些跑步者一直跑到医院为受害者献血。不是真的。”承接标题和下文，C项If something sounds too good to be true, it probably is.（如果某件事听起来好得令人难以置信，那么它很可能不是真的。）切题。故选C。
95. 上文提示“不断重复的信息可能会让年幼的孩子感到困惑，而且在新闻活动开始时，父母可能无法提供任何正确的答案。”承接上文，G项Kids who are eager to learn more about certain events can check kid-guided news sources.（想要更多地了解某些事件的孩子可以查看儿童指导的新闻来源。）切题。故选G。
20
（2020·安徽滁州·一模）The best way to set yourself up for success is to make sure that your goals are SMART: specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and timely.
Make your goals specific.
You need to give yourself a concrete goal so you know exactly what you’re working toward. ___96___Who will be involved in helping you reach your goal? What exact goal do you want to accomplish? Be very specific. When will you start and when will you reach your goal?
Make your goals measurable.
Now that you have some of the specifics of your goal nailed down, it's time to look at how you will measure your progress. After all, if you don’t have any way to measure your goal, how will you know when you’ve reached it?___97___ Some examples of measurable goals might be pounds lost, a positive change in blood work numbers, or fitness minutes accumulated.
Make your goals attainable.
It’s good to think big. ___98___ A goal that’s attainable for you is one that you believe you can reach and have all the support, equipment, knowledge and resources needed to put your goals into action.
Make your goals relevant.
You need to make sure that you’re choosing a goal that fits you and your lifestyle. ___99___Pick something that is meaningful and relevant to you and you ll set yourself up for success.
Make your goals timely.
___100___Otherwise, it will be difficult to know how to pace yourself to reach it. Every goal should have a date, which will help you stay on track. In addition, set up a few mini-deadlines to keep you on track to reaching your big-picture goal.
A.Put a deadline on your goal.
B. Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.
C. You know your goal is specific if it answers these questions.
D. Therefore, you should know in advance how you will make this happen.
E. However, it’s also important that you don’t set a goal that is too big to reach.
F. Don’t choose a goal just because someone else thinks it’s something you “should” do.
G. Your goal is measurable if you can find a way to quantify your success using real numbers.
【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文，如果人们要想取得成功，设立一个具体的可行的目标很重要，本文给出了五条设立目标的建议。
96. 根据横线后三句中的三个问句“Who will be involved in helping you reach your goal? What exact goal do you want to accomplish? When will you start and when will you reach your goal?”可知，如果我们能够清楚地知道这三个问题的答案，那么我们的目标就是非常清晰的。C项“You know your goal is specific if it answers these questions.”符合上下文语境，故选C项。
97. 横线后句“Some examples of measurable goals might be pounds lost, a positive change in blood work numbers, or fitness minutes accumulated.”列举的事例恰好使用数字来测量我们所取得的进步，G项“Your goal is measurable if you can find a way to quantify your success using real numbers.”内容恰好是用真实数字测量你所取得的进步，与上下文语境相符，故G项正确。
98. 本段的标题是“Make your goals attainable”意为“让你的目标可以实现”，虽然远大的目标很精彩，但设立的目标不要太好高骛远，要能够实现。E项“However, it’s also important that you don’t set a goal that is too big to reach.”与本段标题提及横线前一句内容一致，故选E项。
99. 横线前一句“You need to make sure that you’re choosing a goal that fits you and your lifestyle.”告诉我们要确保选择了一个适合自己的目标，而不是受别人的影响而选择了不适合自己的目标。F项“Don’t choose a goal just because someone else thinks it’s something you “should” do.”符合上下文语境，故选F项。
100. 横线后一句“Otherwise, it will be difficult to know how to pace yourself to reach it”建议我们要催促我们达成目标，也就是说要给自己的目标设立一个时间节点。A项“Put a deadline on your goal.”符合上下文语境，故选A项。
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（2018·北京·一模）
The Value of Tears
Tears can ruin make-up, bring conversation to a stop, and give you a runny nose. Tears leave you embarrassed and without energy. Still, crying is a fact of life, and your tears are very useful. Even when you’re not crying, they make a film over the eye’s surface.___101___
When tears fall, they reduce stress. But we tend to fight them for all sorts of reasons. “People worry about showing their emotions, afraid that once they lose control they’ll never get it back.”___102___ After we cry, the feelings that caused the tears often disappear.
Sometimes people become much stressed and can’t cry. Whatever emotion they are feeling—shock, anger, fear, or sadness—is being held back.
But everyone has the need to cry. Psychologist Vera Diamond explains that her treatment often consists of giving people permission to cry. ___103___Patients practice crying just to become used to expressing emotions. She suggests safe, private places to cry, like under the bedcovers or in the car. Crying is a way of reducing tension, but people don’t like it when others cry because it makes them tense.___104___ And they’ll do just about anything to make you stop.
In certain situations, such as at work, tears are not appropriate. It’s good not to cry during a tense business discussion.___105___You should also act out the whole situation again and be as noisy and angry as you like. It will help you feel better. “And,” she adds, “Once your tears have taken away the stress, you can begin to think calmly of ways to deal with the problem.”
Tears are a sign of our ability to feel. If you find yourself near someone crying, deal with it. And never be afraid to cry yourself.
A. They too may be holding back a need to cry.
B. They cry for different reasons.
C. She gives crying exercises.
D. It contains a chemical against infection.
E. The fact is that no emotion lasts forever.
F. It forms in response to the stress on the surface of the eye.
G. But once you’re safely behind closed doors, don’t just cry.
【答案与解析】本文属于说明文。谈论眼泪的作用和价值。
101. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据上文Still, crying is a fact of life, and your tears are very useful. Even when you’re not crying, they make a film over the eye’s surface.可知，眼泪是有用的，即使你不哭，眼泪也可以覆盖你的眼睛表面，D项“它包含对抗感染的化学物质。”符合语境，说明眼泪的作用。，故选D。
102. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。 根据本段最后一句After we cry, the feelings that caused the tears often disappear 哭过之后，导致哭泣的原因也就消失了，因此没有什么情绪可以永远持续下去，故选E。
103. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据本段第二句Psychologist Vera Diamond explains that her treatment often consists of giving people permission to cry.这位心理医生说她的治疗方法里面包括允许病人哭泣，因此C项“她给予哭的练习”符合语境，故选C。
104. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据本句前后句的主语都是they可知，本段主要阐述人们不喜欢他人哭泣，主要是因为会引起自己紧张，因此他们或许会让你忍住哭的需求。故选A。
105. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据本句后一句You should also act out the whole situation again and be as noisy and angry as you like.你应该再次控制整个场面，尽可能的发怒和生气，因此可以得出，在哭过之后，还是要表示自己的愤怒，故选G。
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（2018·广东惠州·一模）Teachers love to put students into teams. ___106___ Why? Because they know the responsible team members will come through for a good grade.
If you are teamed up with a student who is lazy, the worst thing you can do is let it get you down. ___107___ and it might create a positive change in your partner!
Try these tips for working with a slacker(懒虫).
●Be excited and provide a good example. Your slacker may be a good person who has developed bad work habits. You may be able to teach your partner some valuable skills for a successful future.
●Think rewards! ___108___ For instance, you could promise to make cupcakes for the next work meeting and encourage your partner to bring a good snack.
●Make some time to sit with your partner and establish a set of work rules and deadlines. Don’t quarrel, though. Make it clear that you would like to establish rules to keep you both on track. ___109___ Keep a record of your rules, your initial meetings, and your work. When it becomes obvious in the records that you’re doing all the work, talk with the slacker. ___110___
A. Don’t let the anger and pain defeat you.
B. Come up with a great reward for meeting some goal.
C. Instead, take some steps to encourage your partner to work.
D. Unavoidably one or more members will try to do nothing.
E. Start out by giving your partner a clear task with a deadline.
F. Show him/her the evidence and suggest he or she pick up the pace.
G. Think about the future and the fact that you are going to be rewarded.
【答案与解析】本文是一篇议论文。本文作者针对如何让懒虫参与到团队活动中这一问题，给出了自己的一些建议。
106. Why? Because they know the responsible team members will come through for a good grade.这里提到了因为他们知道负责人的团队成员将会交出一份好的成绩，所以上文会提出不可避免的一个或者更多的成员将会无事可做的问题，与下文形成问答，故选D。
107. 下文and it might create a positive change in your partner提到了它可能会对你的伙伴造成积极的改变，所以上文会说采用一些措施鼓励你的伙伴参与工作，选C。
108. 本段标题Think rewards!提到了奖励问题，故选B。（当达到一些目标，就要提出一些奖励。）
109. 在本段标题Make some time to sit with your partner and establish a set of work rules and deadlines.中，捕捉到关键词deadlines，故选E。
110. 上句When it becomes obvious in the records that you’re doing all the work, talk with the slacker.提到了和懒虫谈一谈，故选F。（出示证据，建议他跟上步伐。）
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（2018·辽宁沈阳·一模）
Does your mood change with the seasons?
Some people find that when the temperature goes down, so do their spirits. ___111___They eat more and gain weight. They have trouble sleeping. They can’t think clearly.
Here are some ways you can beat the winter blues:
Get out in the sun. Some experts say that winter blues happen because we get less sunlight in the winter than we do in other seasons. Some say that the decrease in sunlight can make us feel sad.___112___
Get some exercise. A walk or other exercise will make chemicals called endorphins (内啡肽) flow through your body. Endorphins are natural “feel good” chemicals.
___113___Avoid having too much sugar. If you are eager for sugary foods (like cookies or candy), it may be a sign that you need more protein , like meat, chicken, or fish.
Avoid holiday stress. Cut back if you have too many things to do. Make sure you have some quiet time to yourself.___114___Get some rest. Studies show that most teens need about nine hours of sleep each night. The average teen, though, gets only about six or seven hours of sleep per night.
Get help. Be cautious if you feel sad all the time and the feeling won’t go away.___115___
Talk to an adult who you trust or get help from a doctor.
A. Eat more healthy foods.
B. Choose different foods in season.
C. Don’t be so busy that you get tired.
D. Those people sometimes feel sad for no reason.
E. You may have a bigger problem than the winter blues.
F. Getting extra sunlight each day can help brighten your mood.
G. A regular pattern of sleep is the most important thing to keep.
【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍天气会影响情绪，尤其是冬季，随后作者给出了几点战胜冬季忧郁症的建议。
111. 根据后三句They eat more and gain weight. They have trouble sleeping. They can’t think clearly.可知，本段讲气温低对情绪的不良影响，D项“那些人有时无缘无故地感到悲伤，也是气温低对情绪的不良影响”符合本段内容，故选D。
112. 根据本段标题Get out in the sun. 可知，本段建议人们走出去晒太阳，F项“每天获得额外的阳光可以帮助你的心情变好”与本段内容相符合，选项中的sunlight是关键词，故选F。
113. 根据本段Avoid having too much sugar和you need more protein可知，本段建议人们注意健康的饮食，A项能概括本段内容，也适合作为本段标题，故选A。
114. 根据本段标题Avoid holiday stress.可知，本段建议避免节日压力，注意多休息。C项“不要使自己太忙而精疲力竭”符合本段意思。故选C。
115. 根据本段标题Get help.及Be cautious if you feel sad all the time and the feeling won’t go away.建议情绪不好时向别人求助，上句指情绪一直不好时要小心，接下来可能是情绪不好的严重后果，所以E项“这可能会是比冬季忧郁症更大的问题”与上句连接，故选E。
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（2019·全国·阶段练习）Summer is the perfect time to relax. As you plan for your trip, here are some tips on how to protect yourself. ___116___
Fight against the mosquitoes in the hot spots.
There are many mosquito-borne illnesses in tropical regions, which are traditionally vacation hot spots. Therefore, mosquito repellent（驱蚊剂）that contains DEET should be an essential item in your travel bag.
___117___
In lesser-developed countries there is less equipment for clean water and public health. If you can't avoid unhealthful water, make sure you bring along a tea or coffee—making pot that will boil water for you. You’d better buy a case or two of water and check that all bottle caps are sealed to assure the bottled water isn't just a refilled bottle of dirty tap water.
Always protect your feet.
It's best to wear slippers in the shower, but if you must be barefoot, put a towel down on the floor.____118____You should never walk barefoot in any area of a foreign country, including your hotel room.
Be sure to eat safe fruits.
___119___ They may have been washed in the same water, or wiped with the same rag used to clean work surfaces in kitchens. The best advice is to bring your own peeler（削皮器）so that you know that something clean has been applied to the fruit.
Enjoy the smell of roadside stands, not the food.
Unless the food is piping hot when served, it’s best to stay away from roadside stands, no matter how good the smell of the food might be. If you are concerned about whether a restaurant is clean, order the food to go. ___120___
A. Don't trust the local water
B. Any fruit served fresh may be polluted
C. Look out for any water not served in a bottle
D. The boxes may be cleaner than the plate or fork on the table
E. You should know how to keep yourself away from dirty fruits
F. They are necessary to avoid coming back with a major illness from your trip
G. Parasites（寄生虫）can enter the skin of your feet and travel to different parts of the body
【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述在旅游时我们要注意保护自己，就出游时的自我保护提出一些建议。
116. 考查上下文理解推理能力。根据本段提到夏天是放松的最佳时间，这里有一些建议关于如何保护你自己。下文是具体建议。因此F项“他们对于避免在旅途中带着大病回来是有必要的。”符合语境。故选F.
117. 考查上下文理解推理能力。根据下段内容是关于旅游地的水不健康，要自己带水或者煮水的工具，可知A项“不要相信当地的水”可以概括下一段的内容。故选A.
118. 考查上下文理解推理能力。根据本段标题“保护好你的脚”以及上句意思提到不要赤脚，可知G项“寄生虫可以进入你脚部的皮肤，并传播到身体的不同部位。”符合语境。故选G.
119. 考查上下文理解推理能力。根据本段标题“一定要吃安全的水果”以及本段下部分内容：水果可能在同样的水里洗，最好用自己的削皮器，可知B项“任何新鲜的水果都可能被污染”放在句首，符合语境。故选B.
120. 考查上下文理解推理能力。根据本段标题“享受路边摊的气味，而不是食物。”以及本段提到远离路边摊，不管气味多么好，可知D项“这些盒子可能比桌子上的盘子或叉子更干净。”符合语境。故选D.
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（2017·河南新乡·二模）With the cold weather season rapidly approaching, caring for dry skin may become more challenging. Here are some tips on how to protect your skin and keep it healthy throughout the colder months of the year.
___121___
Avoid harsh cleansers containing sulfates or alcohol, and choose a gentle cleanser. Harsh cleansers may disrupt the PH balance of your skin and cause dryness.
Switch to a face oil
___122___In order to avoid dryness, rub about 3 to 5 drops of oil the palm of your hands and then gently pat it into the skin. Face oils offer the benefit of conditioning the skin and protecting it from the cold air.
Exfoliate(去死皮)
Exfoliating is very important because it helps to get rid of dead skin cells and encourages skin cell renewal.___123___However, especially when the skin is feeling extra dry, it is important to use a gentle product and not to overdo it.
___124___
If you don’t feel thirsty and struggle with taking in enough liquids, try to drink tea, sweetened with a little raw honey. Dehydrated skin cells have a slower turnover rate, which results in dull skin and more visible fine lines.
____125____The most advantage is that you will spend the cold season with comfort and confidence.
A. Drink plenty of water
B. Eat homemade soups
C. Use mild facial cleansers
D. Follow the above tips, you may own nice skin and look better
E. Here are three of the most common example of skin discomfort
F. After cleansing your face, your skin still takes the risk of dryness.
G. Moreover, dead skin cells won’t allow your face oil to enter the skin deeply.
【答案与解析】试题分析：本文介绍一些如何保护在一年中较冷的月份里保护皮肤的技巧。
121. C此题是一个小标题。根据本段第一句Avoid harsh(刺激性的) cleansers containing sulfates or alcohol, and choose a gentle cleanser.（避免含有硫酸盐或酒精的刺激性清洁剂，要选择一个温和的清洁剂。）可知，使用温和的洁面乳。故选C。
122. F根据下句In order to avoid dryness, rub about 3 to 5 drops of oil the palm of your hands and then gently pat it into the skin. （为了避免干燥，揉搓3至5滴油滴在手掌上，然后轻轻拍打它。）可知，此首句的意思是：洁面后，你的皮肤仍有干燥的危险。）故选F。
123. G 根据上句Exfoliating is very important because it helps to get rid of dead skin cells and encourages skin cell renewal.（去死皮非常重要，因为它有助于去除死皮细胞，并促进皮肤细胞更新。）故G项Moreover, dead skin cells won’t allow your face oil to enter the skin deeply.（另外，死皮细胞不会让你的脸油深入皮肤。）符合语境，故选G。
124. A 此题是小标题。根据此段首句If you don’t feel thirsty and struggle with taking in enough liquids, try to drink tea, sweetened with a little raw honey.（如果你不感到口渴，挣扎着喝足够的液体，尝试喝茶，用少许生蜂蜜加点甜味）可知，A项Drink plenty of water（喝足够的水。）符合本段内容，故选A。
125. D 根据空格下句：The most advantage is that you will spend the cold season with comfort and confidence.（最大的优势就是你会带着舒适和自信度过寒冷的季节。）可知，此空的意思是：按照上面的提示，你可以拥有漂亮的皮肤，看起来更好。故选D。
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（2021·湖南师大附中模拟预测）
Evaluating Sources of health Information
Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of healthy information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to fins relevant information, how to separate fact from opinions, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. ___126___
Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study. ______127______
Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behaviour ＂contributes to＂ or is ＂associated with＂ an outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result. ___128___ Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.
Use your common sense. If a report seems too good to be true, probably it is. Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements. ____129____ Evaluate ＂scientific＂ statements carefully, and be aware of quackery (江湖骗术).
___130___ Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.
Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about the health problems will serve you well throughout your life.
A. Make choices that are right for you.
B. The goal of an ad is to sell you something.
C. Be sure to work through the critical questions.
D. And examine the findings of the original research.
E. Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.
F. Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author’s point of view.
G. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.
【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文。文章针对如何对来自各种渠道的健康信息进行分类整理和判断给出了一些建议。
126. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。第一段简要提出我们要学会分析来自各种渠道的健康信息，下文接着就如何对这些信息进行分类整理给予一些建议。G项连接前后，故选G。
127. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据该段主题句的第一句Go to the original source.(去探寻最初的来源。)可知，本段都是围绕这个话题展开的，D项中的the original research与主题句相照应，符合本段意思。故选D。
128. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。F项与第三段的主题句Watch for misleading language.相关，其中incorrectly explained与misleading相照应。故选F。
129. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。由空格前的Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements.(对广告中所包含的信息一定要特别当心)及该段中的be aware of quackery (警惕江湖骗术)可知，B项(广告的目的是卖出商品)符合该段语境。为了达到这个目的，商品的广告中可能包含虚假信息。故选B。
130. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。由该段中but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us可知，尽管我们有来自家人及朋友的大量信息，但归根结底还是要依靠我们自己来作出正确的选择。A项概括全段内容，故选A。
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（2017·黑龙江·哈尔滨市第六中学校模拟预测）
How to overcome challenges in your life
We all face tough and difficult challenges in life. To overcome challenges you need to have that “never quit” attitude in life. If you develop it, you’ll overcome quite a bit.
Motivate yourself. Say “YES, I CAN.” The challenge should bring out the best of you in this situation. Slow it down, and think that process through. ___131___ If you develop that mindset (心态), you’ll get it done.
____132____ Remain calm when you’re facing serious troubles and problems in life. You have to recollect yourself, and calm down. You can’t solve problems when you’re panicking. Take a deep breath, relax, and slow it down. Think things through calmly.
Let failure and fear fuel you in a positive way. Everyone fails at times. If you fail the first, second, or third time, don’t give up.  ____133____ Learn what made you fail at overcoming these challenges.
Simplify the challenge you’re facing. Make the challenge easier than it is. ___134___ As you get through each step, you develop more confidence and you believe you can get it done, and then you will.
Stay positive and confident. ____135____ You have to find out all the ways you can use to overcome it, and put them to full use with all your effort. It’s our own mental stability that’s the difficult part. When you do it mentally, you’ll actually be able to do it.
A. Stay calm and cool headed.
B. Think the best, not the worst.
C. Start by breaking it down into steps.
D. To overcome a challenge, you have to believe you can really do it.
E. Most people will avoid any challenge, because they’re scared of failing.
F. Develop that confidence in saying there’s no way you’re going to fail at this.
G. Pick yourself up, and learn from why you’ve failed, and move on in a positive direction.
【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了人生中我们会不断面临挑战，怎样克服挑战，作者给了我们一些具体的建议。
131. 上文Motivate yourself. Say “YES, I CAN.” The challenge should bring out the best of you in this situation. Slow it down, and think that process through. 说激励自己。 说“是的，我能。” 在这种情况下，挑战会让你发挥出最好的自己。 慢下来，好好想想这个过程。下文If you develop that mindset (心态), you’ll get it done.说如果你培养了这种心态，你就能完成它。 该空承上启下，F选项“培养自信，告诉自己在这件事上你绝对不会失败”，选项中的Develop that confidence指代上文中的“YES, I CAN.”， 选项中的there’s no way you’re going to fail at this对应下文中的get it done，故选F。
132. 本段主要讲遇事要冷静及具体实施办法。A项“保持镇静，头脑冷静”能概括全段内容，适合作为标题，故选A。
133. 本段讲用积极的态度面对失败。上句讲失败几次也不要放弃。G项“重新爬起，从失败中学习，然后朝着积极的方向前行”与上句连接，告诉了我们具体办法，故选G。
134. 本空前面讲“简化面对的挑战。使困难变容易些”，空格后面讲“当通过每一步的时候你就会有更大的信心相信自己能行，你就会成功”，故C项“从把挑战分解成小的步骤开始”连接前后，选项中的steps对应下文中的each step，故选C。
135. 本段讲要保持积极的态度和信心。下文讲要找到解决问题的方法，用头脑全力以赴去解决问题。D项“为了战胜挑战，你必须相信你能行”符合本段话题且与下文句式一致，故选D。
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（2020·四川·北京师范大学成都实验中学一模）Secret codes (密码) keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.
People have used secret codes for thousands of years. ____136____Code breaking never lags (落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.
There are three main types of cryptography. ____137____For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”
___138___You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5.”
A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. ___139___For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” ___140___However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.
A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book.
B. In any language, some letters are used more than others.
C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.
D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.
E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.
F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.
G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.
【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了密码的重要性、密码的设置方式、密码本的作用。
136. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。上句讲人们使用密码已经几千年了，下句讲密码破译工作。空白处和密码破译有关，D项内容符合语境，连接上下文。故选D。
137. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。后面的例子是来证明人们设置密码时往往会利用一些单词的第一个字母作为密码，E项符合此内容，故选E。
138. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据下文的解释内容可知介绍了密码设置的又一种方法，G项符合此意，故选G。
139. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据下文的例子及上句中的a code book可以判断该句是介绍密码本的使用，F项符合此意，承上启下。故选F。
140. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。上文介绍密码本的重要作用，A项：没有密码本很难破译，总结上文。故选A。
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（2014·黑龙江·一模）Although problems are a part of our lives, it certainly doesn’t mean that we let them rule our lives forever. One day or the other, you’ll have to stand up and say—problem, I don’t want you in my life.
___141___ Problems with friends, parents, girlfriends, husbands, and children—the list goes on. Apart from these, the inner conflicts within ourselves work, too. These keep adding to our problems. Problems come in different shapes and colors and feelings.
But good news is that all problems can be dealt with. Now read on to know how to solve your problems.
Talk, it really helps. What most of us think is that our problem can be understood only by us and that no talking is going to help. ___142___ Talking helps you move on and let go.
Write your problems.___143___ When you write down your problems, you are setting free all the tension from your system.You can try throwing away the paper on which you wrote your problems.By doing this, imagine yourself throwing away the problems from your life.
Don’t lose faith and hope. No matter what you lose in life, don’t lose faith and hope.Even if you lose all your money, family...you should still have faith.___144___
Your problems aren’t the worst. No matter what problem you get in life, there are another one million people whose problems are huger than yours.___145___ Your problems might just seem big and worse, but in reality they can be removed.
Go about and solve your problems because every problem, however big or small, always has a way out.
A. But the truth is that when you talk about it，you’re setting free the negative energies that have been gathering within you.
B. When we have a problem，a pressing，critical，urgent，life－threatening problem，how do we try and solve it?
C. Tell yourself：when they can deal with them，why can’t I?
D. Of course，we’ve been fighting problems ever since we were born.
E. We can often overcome the problem and achieve the goal by making a direct attack.
F. Having a personal diary can also be of huge help if you don’t want a real person to talk with.
G. With faith and hope，you can rebuild everything that you lose.
【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。在我们的日常生活常常会遇到各种各样的问题，遇到问题并不可怕，因为任何问题都是可以解决的。在本文中作者主要介绍了如何处理生活中遇到的问题。比如，说出来，写下来，不要失去信心和希望，等等。
141. 考查对上下文的理解判断和概括能力。根据第一段“you’ll have to stand up and say – problem, I don’t want you in my life.”和第二段“Problems with friends, parents, girlfriends, husbands, and children – the list goes on.”可知，问题伴随一个人的一生，D项“当然，自从我们出生的那一刻起，我们就在和麻烦作斗争”起到了衔接上下文的作用，故选D。
142. 考查对上下文的理解判断能力。根据本段中What most of us think is that our problem can be understood only by us and that no talking is going to help.（大多数人都会认为，自己的问题只有自己能够解决，说出来也没有用。），而本段第一句Talk, it really helps.表述“说出来真的有帮助”，A项内容是强调把问题说出来能够释放内心积压的消极情绪，表示一种转折，选A。
143. 考查对上下文的理解判断能力。根据“Write your problems. ...When you write down your problems, you are setting free all the tension from your system.”可知，本段的建议是人们可以通过写东西来排解内心的紧张，而F选项Having a personal diary can also be of huge help if you don’t want a real person to talk with.内容符合语境，而且diary是信息词，故答案选F。
144. 考查对上下文的理解判断能力。根据“Don’t lose faith and hope. ...you should still have faith.”可知，本段强调的是无论何时都不要失去信念和希望，而G选项With faith and hope, you can rebuild everything that you lose也是告诫人们只要有信念和希望，就能重建生活，内容可以承接上文，故选G。
145. 考查对上下文的理解判断能力。根据“No matter what problem you get in life, there’re another one million people whose problems are huger than yours.”可知，本段讲的是自己遇到的问题不会比他人的严重。而C项“告诉自己：他们都能把问题解决掉，自己为什么不能？”符合语境，故选C。
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（2015·河南信阳·模拟预测）In less than five months, you will go to different universities and lead a new life. In your new life, making new friends is a must. Then, how can you make new friends quickly?
Everybody knows friends come and go. You have friends for every time and season of your life from youth to old age. Sometimes people change their goal in life. Perhaps you’ve made a change yourself, such as a new job or moved to a new location. ___146___ Making new friends quickly is possible once you go about it the right way.
In order to make friends, you must first be a friend. Consider joining groups and associations that are of interest to you. ___147___ Go out of your way to be friendly, and you’ll make new friends quickly.
___148___If you need help, there are millions of books on the subject of good manners. Treat people with politeness and you will see people start to flock to you because of your pleasant personality.
Become good at something. You can do well in a sport, an instrument, writing, languages or whatever else you enjoy. ___149___ This makes you interesting and gets people to be attracted to you. It’s not about doing this for the sake of attracting attention, but having a skill at something is another way to make new friends quickly.
Share contact information with people you meet who seem interesting. Then invite them to do things with you. ___150___ Showing interest in people by actually inviting them to do things will help you create friends quickly.
A. It could be as simple as drinking coffee together.
B. Always practice good manners.
C. You don’t have to be an expert, but at least good enough to help others with your skill.
D. Get to know your friends’ friends.
E. This may also change your circle of friends.
F. You are likely to find others who share things in common with you.
G. It is not necessary to be skillful in something.
【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何去交新朋友的一些建议。
146. 根据上一句Perhaps you’ve made a change yourself, such as a new job or moved to a new location.可知，你自己发生了改变，那么你的朋友圈也会发生变化。故答案为E。
147. 根据上一句Consider joining groups and associations that are of interest to you.可知，加入你感兴趣的组织或社团，紧接着的意思就是你会遇到和你有共同兴趣爱好的人，故选F。
148. 根据本段的意思：对待他人要礼貌。只有选项B符合段意，故选B。
149. 根据主题句Become good at something可知，是要你擅长一些技能以便帮助他人。符合段意的只有选项C。
150. 根据上一句Then invite them to do things with you可知，邀请他们和你一起做事情，故只有A项的“一起喝咖啡”是对上文的举例，故选A。