专题06 动词的时态和语态 -冲刺2022年高考英语重点语法通关练

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专题06 动词的时态和语态（学生版）目录内容Section A真题感悟Section B知识梳理Section C课堂练习Section D课后作业Section E巩固提升 1：语法填空1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe(探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—　　　　　(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. 2.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)“This really excites scientists,”Carle Pieters,a scientist at Brown University,says,“because it 　　　　　　(mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 　　　　　(construct).” 3.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)This is why decorating with plants,fruits and flowers 　　　　　(carry) special significance. 4.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)The artist was sure he would 　　　　　(choose),but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister,the old man laughed. 5.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist,they smiled and 　　　　　(point) down the river. 6.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane,for example,　　　　　(form) the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759. 7.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The parts of a museum open to the public 　　　　　(call) galleries or rooms. 8.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Often,only a small part of a museum’s collection 　　　　　(be) on display. 9.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 　　　　　　　(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements,leading to a belief that populations are increasing. 10.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award,proud Irene 　　　　　(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business. 11.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)Irene said,“I don’t see any reason to give up work.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 　　　　　　　(make) over the years...”  12.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)Our host shared many of their experiences and 　　　　　(recommend) wonderful places to eat,shop,and visit. 13.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)On the last day of our week-long stay,we 　　　　　　　(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.14.（2021年高考全国甲卷）The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It ______ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).We ______ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.15.（2021年新高考全国1卷）What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.16.（2021年浙江卷）It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, _____ （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.When the house was built, it was much smaller than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, "The little home _____ （paint）white.2：短文改错1.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Actually,I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old. 　　　　　 2.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)For example,every morning,my dad has to have a bowl of egg soup while I had to eat an apple.              　　　　　 3.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)My dad don’t like the soup and I don’t enjoy apples. 　　　　　 4.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)There were two reasons for the decision.One was that I was amazed at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor.And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.              　　　　　 5.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)I’ve had many dreams since I was a child.Now my dream is to open a cafe.Though it may appear simple,it required a lot of ideas and efforts.6.（2021年高考全国甲卷） They kept very much to themselves. In my opinion, whenever in trouble, we should seek help from those we trust most.7.（2021年高考全国乙卷）That’s our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!   1：考点梳理常见的十种动词时态，尤其是对一般过去时和现在完成时的考查； 2. 被动语态。考点1　基本用法 1. 常见的十种动词时态有：一般现在时、现在完成时、现在进行时、现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、过去将来时、一般过去时、过去进行时和过去完成时。2. 动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。不及物动词或不及物动词短语不能用于被动语态。People speak English all over the world. (主动语态)English is spoken all over the world. (被动语态) 现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般ask/asksaskedshall/will askshould/would ask进行am/is/are askingwas/were askingshall/will be askingshould/would be asking完成have/has askedhad askedshall/will have askedshould/would have asked完成进行have/has been askinghad been askingshall/will have been askingshould/would have been asking考点1　常考时态的用法1. 一般现在时(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作。Tom often goes to school by bike. (2)表示自然现象、客观事实或普遍真理。Spring follows winter. (3)表示现有的性质、能力或状态。The flowers look beautiful. (4)表示按计划安排好了将要发生的动作，这种情况仅限于少数有“开始”或“移动”意义的词，例如come, go, leave, start, arrive, begin, meet, fall, close, open, end, stop, return, take off等。The party begins at 7 o’clock. (5)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来的动作或状态。I’ll write you a letter as soon as I get there. If I have enough time, I’ll travel around the world. Wherever you go, you will see the same thing. 2. 现在进行时(1)表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。Are you working hard this term?The car is being repaired. (2)come, go, leave, do, send, take off, sail, arrive, return等表示方位移动的短暂性动词常用进行时表将来。We are going hiking this Sunday. (3)与always, often, all the time, constantly, continuously, forever等连用表示频繁反复发生的动作或状态，常含有批评、抱怨、不满或赞扬等感情色彩，但并非强调动作正在进行。He is always getting angry with me. 3. 现在完成时(1)表示过去的动作现已结束，但对现在产生影响，常带有already, just, ever, never等副词。He has already obtained a scholarship. (2)表示动作或状态从过去开始，一直持续到现在。此时，通常用延续性动词，并常与表示一段时间的状语连用，例如for ten minutes, since 1980, in recent years, so far。The film has been on for half an hour. (3)表示到目前为止的一段时间内，第……次做某事。It’s the third time that I’ve seen the film. 4. 现在完成进行时(1)发生在过去的动作或状态，持续到现在或将继续下去，可以译成“一直”。现在完成时侧重持续或影响到现在，不强调将来的延续。I have been cleaning the house all the afternoon. (2)到目前为止，多次重复发生的动作或状态。I have been telephoning him several times this morning. 5. 一般将来时(1)表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。The football game will begin soon. (2)表示事物固有的属性或必然趋势。Fish will die without water. (3)表示临时的决定。— We don’t have any milk in our fridge. — I’ll go and buy some. (4)其他表示将来的结构① be going to do表示主观打算或有迹象将要发生某事。I’m going to have my hair cut after work. Look at the clouds in the sky. It is going to rain. ② be＋to do表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作，还可表示命令或注定要发生的事。There is to be an English exam next Monday. Father warned his son，“You are to be back by ten.”The worst is still to come. ③ be about to do表示正要去做某事，但不与表将来的时间状语连用。I am about to go shopping. 注意：if条件句中一般不用将来时，如果使用will，其意义为“愿意”。If you will give her another chance, she will surprise you. 6. 过去将来时表示对过去某一时刻而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。He said he would come to our school. 7. 一般过去时(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用。I bought a new bike last week. (2)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。He often watched TV at night. 8. 过去进行时(1)表示过去某段时间里或某一时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态。I was playing computer games when my parents came home. He slipped out of the classroom when the teacher was not noticing him. (2)表示过去频繁发生的动作或习惯，常与always等副词连用。Mrs. Black was always having dinner with her old parents. 9. 过去完成时(1)表示过去某时间或某动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”。I had read the report by last weekend. When I came back, he had eaten all the sweets. (2)在hardly/scarcely... when, no sooner... than, It was the first/second... time (that)... 等句型中。We had hardly/scarcely left the house when it began to rain. No sooner had we left the house than it began to rain. It was the third time he had been out of work that year. (3)表希望、想法、打算、意图的动词用过去完成时，表示未曾实现的愿望，意为“本打算……，本希望……”。这类动词有mean, intend, expect, hope, want, plan, think, suppose等。They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 考点2　几组时态的区别一般过去时一般过去时只涉及一个纯过去的动作,凡有明确的过去时间的均用过去时,一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”,和现在毫无关系Were you at school yesterday?昨天你在学校吗?(问的是昨天的事情。但对今天没什么影响。)现在完成时现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果,动作到现在刚完成或还在继续I have just finished my homework.我刚刚写完作业。(看上去好像是过去才发生的事情,但是对我现在有了影响。因为写完了作业,就可以做自己想做的事情。)过去完成时过去完成时指的是相对于过去的某一特定时间更早发生的动作,发生在“过去的过去”,即过去完成时至少涉及两个过去的动作When he came in,I had had my supper.他进来时,我就已经吃完晚餐了。(吃在进来之前,所以用过去完成时。)考点4　固定结构中的时态hardly...when...,no sooner...than...“一……就……”主句时态用过去完成时,从句时态用一般过去时Hardly had I opened the door when Tom came in.This/That/It is/was the first/second...time+that从句“是……次做某事”若主句中为is,则从句时态用现在完成时;若为was,则从句时态用过去完成时This is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.It+be...before...“要过……才”或“在……以后才”若be动词用一般过去时,则before 从句中常用一般过去时;若be动词用将来时,则before 从句中常用一般现在时I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long,but it’ll still be some time before Brian gets back.was/were doing...when“正在做某事,这时(突然)”在when引导的从句中,谓语动词用过去式I was about to leave when he came in.I had just locked the door when I realised I had left my key on the kitchen table.was/were about to do...when...“正要做某事,这时(突然)”had done...when“刚做完某事,这时(突然)”It is/has been+时间段+sincesince从句用过去时。该句型表某个动作持续多久。但若since后跟延续性动词,要翻译成否定含义,即“没做某事已经多久了”It has been three years since he worked here.他不在这工作已经三年了。It has been three years since he smoked.他已经戒烟三年了。It has been three years since he began to smoke.他吸烟有三年了。考点5 八种时态的标志词一般现在时often,usually,always,sometimes,never,seldom,every week/day/year/month...,once a week,on Sundays一般过去时ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week/year/night/month...,in 1989,just now,at the age of five,one day,ago,long ago,once upon a time,then(那时),on that day,the other day(几天以前)现在进行时now,these days,at this moment/time过去进行时at this time yesterday,at that time或“when+一般过去时从句”,at 1:00 last night现在完成时recently,recent years,these days/years,lately,since,for+时段(但还在延续),in the past few years,ever since,in the last/past five months,up to now,since then,so far,ever,never,yet,lately,once,twice,three/four times...,already,before,just过去完成时before,by the end of last year/term/month一般将来时tomorrow,next day/week/month/year...,soon,in a few minutes,by...,the day after tomorrow,in the future过去将来时the next day/morning/year...,the following month/week...考点6  主动语态表示被动意义系动词+形容词look,sound,feel,smell,taste,prove,appearThe soup smells good but tastes terrible.不及物动词与状语连用,用以表示主语的品质和状态cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keepThis kind of material washes easily.The pen writes smoothly.Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather.表开始、结束、运动的动词begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,runThe shop closes at 6 p.m.every day.有些表示“需要”的动词后加动词的-ing形式need,require,want,be worthYour hair wants cutting.The floor requires washing.The book is worth reading.不定式在某些形容词之后,且与主语有动宾关系hard,difficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossibleThe question is difficult to answer.The box is heavy to carry.The project is impossible to complete in a year. 一、单句改错1. We get up early in the morning. Dad cleaned the house, and then went shopping. 2. The river has polluted, and the water smells terrible. 3. When we were children, we use to swim every day. 4. The geography teacher told us the earth moved around the sun. 5. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking. 6. By the time you will arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks. 7. As I tell you last time, I made three new friends here. 8. The book which had been lost returned to the library. 9. She was so interested in the book that she read it for three hours before she realized it. 10. She promised that she will not tell the press the plan the other day. 二、单句语法填空 1. I felt very tired when I got home, and I ____________ (go) straight to bed. 2. It is the most instructive lecture that I ____________ (attend) since I came to this school. 3. The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers ____________ (repair) one of the main pipes. 4. I ____________ (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. 5. The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody ____________ (see) them since. 6. She ____________ (phone) someone, so I nodded to her and went away. 7. During his stay in Xi’an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends ____________ (recommend). 8. I ____________ (watch) a football match when the bell rang. 9. Since the time humankind started gardening, we ____________ (try) to make our environment more beautiful. 10. In the last few years, China ____________ (make) great achievements in environmental protection.  一、单句改错1. I heard she was watching TV when a stranger breaks into her house. 2. Hardly the match started when we arrived. 3. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people were persuaded to eat more fruit and vegetables. 4. Lily came to my home when she was only several days old and can’t even open her eyes. 5. Last Sunday my parents were away on business. I left alone, with no one to cook for me. 6. A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop. 7. Silk has become one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC. 8. After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it was decorated. 9. I didn’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school. 10. (2018全国Ⅲ卷) It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin. 二：语法填空1. Just as I got to the school gate, I realised I ____________ (leave) my bag in the cafe. 2. I ____________ (read) half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend. 3. He must have sensed that I ____________ (look) at him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, “Why are you staring at me like that？”4. When fat and salt ____________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. 5. I will go to see my son when he ____________ (finish) the training course. 6. I found the lecture hard to follow because it ____________ (start) when I arrived. 7. On Monday mornings it usually ____________ (take) me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles. 8. Usually Beijing Roast Duck ____________ (serve) together with special pancakes, green onions and sweet sauce. 9. Truly elegant chopsticks might ____________ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. 10. So it was a great honor to be invited backstage at the Panda Base. I ____________ (allow) to get up close to these cute animals.  1：语法填空1.It was raining lightly when I 　　　　　(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. 2.I was on my way home after shopping and saw a small dog running across the very busy street I 　　　　　　　(travel) on. 3.At present more and more people 　　　　　　　(buy) clothes online to save time and money. 4.Every one except Tom and John 　　　　　(be) there when the meeting began. 5.Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 　　　　　(be) often acceptable. 6.Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she 　　　　　(teach) a class at that time. 7.Just an hour ago he told me on the phone that he 　　　　　(come) home right after his work. 8.Tomb Sweeping Day is a time to remember the dead.It is a major Chinese festival which 　　　　　(fall) in early spring. 9.Usually Beijing Roast Duck 　　　　　　(serve) together with special pancakes,green onions and sweet sauce. 10.Just as I got to the school gate,I realized I 　　　　(leave) my keys in the library. 2：短文改错1.It was the first time that I have lived away from my home,so I found it difficult to fit in.2.Planning so far ahead make no sense—so many things will have changed by next year.3.When we arrived there,it had snowed heavily the day before and there was terrible storms.4.A friend of mine was returned to his house after a holiday only to find it had been broken into.              　　　　　 5.The one who always listen to others tends to be easy-going.When he is in trouble,his friends will be willing to help him.              　　　　　 6.Perhaps it will be a long time before they will come from abroad. 　　　　　 7.My father has employed at this job since 1990. 　　　　　 8.The lion regarded as the king in the animal world so it represents power. 　　　　　 9.I was told that China was belonged to the developing countries. 　　　　　 10.Great changes have been taken place in my school.3：篇章训练（A）High school years are a large part in    1   (shape) the person you are going to become. A school often    2   (provide)education for you, and it can also be a place    3    you can develop relationships with many different people, join clubs, and participate in a variety of different sports. These years can make you become a high school student    4   (fill)with many different emotions, including happiness, anger, sadness, envy, loneliness, stress, and a numerous amount more. This is also a time when peer(同龄人)pressure is most commonly put upon a vast majority of teens.Peer pressure is the influence from members of one’s peer group. This can include influencing another to drink, smoke, cheat on a test, lie, skip class, and etc. The list is    5   (end).Peer pressure at high school is both harmful   6    effective because it can lead to teen depression, high stress levels, negative behavior    7   (issue), and poor decision making and outcomes.Despite the fact that peer pressure is most commonly seen as a very negative issue, it can    8   (see)positively in some situations. This can involve pressuring your peers to avoid drugs, be honest, avoid alcohol, respect others, work hard, exercise, be kind, be responsible, and more. Friends and peer    9   (actual)affect the choices you make. Choosing to have good friends can have a very strong effect    10    you.（B）Being a teacher is not easy job. A teacher who has to play too many roles as an educator, a guide, a conductor, a director and sometimes a parent, either! We all have at least one favorite teacher more like a friend to us in our lives, but we are always sincerely grateful to them for all the love and guidance. The hard work, time and patience that teachers devote with students, without doubt, is beyond compare. They are simply strong pillars behind building any nation. They work tireless without any complaint to enrich the lives of on-going generations. To acknowledge the amazing value of their efforts, we are supposed to send them special cards or gifts on their graduation day. In this way, we would be able to deliver our thanks to those inspirational teacher in a most beautiful manner.