专题01 语法填空-2022年高三毕业班英语大题满分练（上海专用）

这是一份专题01 语法填空-2022年高三毕业班英语大题满分练（上海专用），文件包含专题01语法填空解析版-2022年高三毕业班英语大题满分练上海专用docx、专题01语法填空原卷版-2022年高三毕业班英语大题满分练上海专用docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共29页， 欢迎下载使用。
专题01 语法填空（解析版）

高考考点
命题分析
备考建议
三年高考探源
考查频率
语法填空
语法填空题型侧重从语篇层面考查学生对句子结构的把握，对句与句之间逻辑关系的理解，从而全面地考查学生的语法基础知识及语言运用能力。新题型将语法知识的考查与篇章阅读能力的考查有机地融为一体。考生需要从文本的意义、结构、文化等不同层面感悟语法规律，实践和应用语言知识，才能在高考中游刃有余。　
 1. 解题前可将单词按词性分类，解题时尤其关注词类活用和一词多义。
2. 掌握文章大意，抓住空格所在的句子，从方框中的单词和文章中的句子出发。
3. 多做多练，做到限时练习。

2021、2020、2019、2018
第21-30题
★★★

2019年上海高考英语真题
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Millions of Baby Olive Ridley Turtles Emerge in Orissa
Nature is full of wonders. In___1___ is one of the most breathtaking sights in nature, millions of baby Ridley turtles broke out of their eggshells under the sand at one of their mass nesting grounds in coastal Orissa. The baby turtles started their journey towards the Bay of Bengal ___2___they emerged from their nest in the southern district of Ganjam, about 175 km from Bhubaneshwar.
Orissa is the home to three mass nesting sites of the Oliver turtles, a species ___3___ (threaten) with extinction, and one of the sites, Gahirmatha, ___4___ around 70 to 80 million turtles lay eggs on the beach every year, is considered one of the world's largest nesting sites.
The female turtles drag ___5___ up the beach from the sea, dig a nest, lay at least one hundred eggs, cover and conceal their eggs and nest, and then return to the sea. The females never visit the nest again to take care of the eggs that ___6___ (deposit) in the warm sand.
The baby turtles emerge from the eggs after 45— 0 days, then the babies grow without their mother, which is a rare phenomenon in nature. Interestingly, it is on the same beach where they were born ____7____the females lay their eggs.
In the recent years, sea erosion has led to many turtles' nest ___8___ (damage) or destroyed. Also, some fierce animals such as dogs and birds ___9___ ( reduce) the number of nesting turtles. And of course man has also had a negative impact ____10____ using engine-powered fishing boats near the turtles' nesting grounds.
【答案】1. what 2. when 3. threatened 4. where 5. themselves 6. were deposited 7. that 8. being damaged 9. have reduced 10. by
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲的是Orissa的海龟的一些事情。包括它们集结成队地钻出巢穴形成的自然奇观、海龟哺乳幼崽的特点及海归们面临的生存威胁。
【1题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：“在大自然中最令人叹为观止的景象之一，数百万的里德利小海龟在奥里萨邦沿海的一个大型筑巢地从沙子下的蛋壳里钻了出来。” 由此句意和结构分析可知，此处从句缺主语且做介词in的宾语，因此，用what引导宾语从句。故填what。
【2题详解】
考查连词。句意：这些小海龟从Ganjam南部地区的巢中出来后，就开始了前往孟加拉湾的旅程，这里距离布巴内什瓦尔大约175公里。根据句意可知，此处需用when引导时间状语从句。故填when。
【3题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：奥里萨邦是三只濒临灭绝的奥利弗龟的大规模筑巢地，其中的加希尔玛塔被认为是世界上最大的筑巢地之一，每年约有7000万到8000万只海龟在这里的海滩上产卵。本句的谓语为is，因此，设空处所给动词用非谓语形式，species与threaten之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词做后置定语。故填threaten。
【4题详解】
考查定语从句。句意同上。分析句式可知，这是个非限制性定语从句，先行词是Gahirmatha，指地点，从句缺少状语，因此，用where引导。故填where。
【5题详解】
考查代词。句意：雌海龟从海里把自己拖到海滩上，挖一个巢穴，产下至少100个蛋，把它们的蛋隐藏起来，然后再返回大海。结合句意可知，是“雌性海龟们把它们自己从海里拖到海滩上。因此，此处用反身代词。故填themselves。
【6题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：雌海龟再也不会到鸟巢里去照顾落在温暖沙滩上的蛋了。本句是个定语从句，由that引导，that指代的是the eggs，设空处所给词是做从句的谓语，the eggs与deposit之间是被动关系，用be done，龟蛋放置在温暖的沙滩上是之前发生的事情，因此用一般过去时的被动语态were deposited。故填were deposited。
【7题详解】
考查强调句。句意：有趣的是，雌性产卵在它们出生的同一个海滩上。分析句子可知，这是个强调句，其基本句型：It is+被强调部分+that+其他部分。被强调部分为“on the same beach where they were born”。故填that。
【8题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在最近几年，海洋侵蚀已经导致很多海龟的巢穴被破坏或毁灭。being damaged 作lead to短语中介词to的宾语，该动名词的逻辑主语many turtles’ nests与damage之间事实被动关系，因此用动名词的被动。故填being damaged。
【9题详解】
考查现在完成时。句意：还有，诸如一些凶残的狗和鸟已经减少了龟巢的数量。根据前句的谓语动词has led和此句中的also可以判定此句也是用现在完成时，强调动作的形成的结果。故填have reduced。
【10题详解】
考查介词。句意：而且海龟巢穴附近，有动力的捕鱼船也带来了负面影响。可知，此处只表达一种方式，表示“通过”。用介词by。故填by。
2018年上海高考英语真题
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A comprehensive study of 4,500 children conducted by the National Institutes of Health in 2018 shows that children who spent more than seven hours a day staring at screens showed evidence of premature thinning of their brain's cortex一the outer layer that processes sensory information. "We don't know if it ___1___ (cause) by the screen time. We don't know yet if it's a bad thing. It won't be until we follow them over time ___2___ we will see if there are outcomes that are associated with the differences that we're seeing in this single snapshot, Dr. Gaya Dowling. uWhat we can say is that this is ___3___the brains look like of kids who spend a lot of time on screens. And it's not just one pattern."
The problem isn't just screens ___4___, but also the way screens tempt kids (and adults) away from something far more important: physical activity. More than 23 percent of adults and 80 percent of adolescents don't get enough physical activity, and according to a 2019 report from the World Health Organization (WHO) , these patterns of activity and rest arise ___5___habits we develop early in life. uWhat we really need to do is ___6___ (bring) back play for children," says Dr. Juana Willumsen, a WHO specialist in childhood obesity and physical activity, in a statement about new WHO guidelines issued in April 2019. “ This is about making the shift from sedentary time to playtime, while   ___7___ (protect) sleep. Of course, children aren't completely to blame for their screen addiction.
Sometimes, the parents ___8___complain about the role of screens in family life are just as guilty of spending too much time in front of one. A 2016 study   ___9___ (conduct) by Common Sense Media found that parents spend up to nine hours a day in front of screens, mostly not for work-related reasons. While 78 percent of parents said they believed they were good screen time role models, the study found a disconnect between their behavior and their perception of their behavior. Parents need to limit screen time for themselves and especially for their kids一   ____10____ it means playing the bad guy. Our mental and physical health depends on it.
【答案】1．is being caused
2．that
3．what
4．themselves
5．from
6．bring
7．protecting
8．that/who
9．conducted
10．even if/ though
【分析】
本文是说明文。研究发现看屏幕时间过长会导致孩子大脑皮层过早变薄，同时长时间盯着屏幕也让孩子缺乏必要的锻炼。作者呼吁父母应该限制自己看屏幕的时间，也要限制孩子看屏幕的时间。
1．
考查时态和语态。句意：我们不知道这是否是看屏幕时间造成的。此处为宾语从句谓语动词，空前的it指代premature thinning of their brain's cortex，和cause之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用被动语态；结合语境可知，此处表目前一直在发生的动作，故应用现在进行时的被动语态。故填is being caused。
2．
考查强调句型。句意：“直到我们跟踪他们一段时间，我们才会看到是否有结果与我们在这张快照中看到的差异有关，”盖亚· 道林博士说。分析句子可知，本句去掉it be和设空处仍然是完整的句子，故此处是强调句型“It is+被强调部分＋that（强调人时可用who）…”，此处强调时间状语until we follow them over time，应用that。故填that。
3．
考查表语从句引导词。句意：我们能说的是，这就是花很多时间看屏幕的孩子大脑的样子。分析句子结构，可知“___ the brains look like…”是表语从句，应用what引导表语从句，在从句中充当look like 的宾语，意思为“……样子”。故填what。
4．
考查代词。句意：问题不只是屏幕本身，还有屏幕诱惑孩子(和成年人)远离更重要的东西：体育活动。上文提到“the screen time”对孩子大脑的影响；该句说明除了屏幕本身的原因之外，还有其他的原因。根据句意，应是“屏幕本身”；screens是第三人称复数形式，应用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。
5．
考查介词。句意：根据世界卫生组织(WHO) 2019年的一份报告，这些活动和休息的模式源于我们早期养成的习惯。此处是短语arise from “由……引起，产生于”。故填from。
6．
考查不定式。句意：“我们真正需要做的是让儿童重返游戏，”世卫组织儿童肥胖和体育活动专家胡安娜·维卢姆森博士在2019年4月发布的关于世卫组织新指南的声明中说。“____(bring) back play for children”在句中作表语，且表将来的动作，bring应用不定式形式；前面有实义动词do，不定式符号to省略。故填bring。
7．
考查现在分词。句意：这是关于在保护睡眠的同时，将久坐的时间转变为玩耍的时间。根据句意，protect 的逻辑主语是children，和protect之间为逻辑上的主动关系，因此用现在分词形式和while一起构成时间状语。故填protecting。
8．
考查定语从句关系词。句意：有时，那些抱怨屏幕在家庭生活中的作用的父母，也会因为花太多时间在屏幕前而感到内疚。分析句子结构可知，“_____complain about the role of screens”是定语从句，先行词parents，指人，在从句中作主语，因此用that/who引导定语从句。故填that/who。
9．
考查过去分词。句意：常识媒体(Common Sense Media) 2016年进行的一项研究发现，父母每天花在屏幕前的时间多达9个小时，多数不是因为工作相关的原因。分析句子可知，此处应用非为动词，句子主语a 2016 study 和 conduct之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填conducted。
10．
考查让步状语从句引导词。句意：父母应该为自己也尤其是为了孩子要限制屏幕时间，——即使这意味着当坏人。根据句意，此处用even if/ though引导让步状语从句，意思为“即使”。故填even if/ though。

一、
The Rolling Stones: Forty Licks
This double CD, by possibly the world’s best-known rock band, spans forty years of hits. There ____11____be few CDs which do such a good job of documenting a band’s career. And there is no band ____12____ the Rolling Stones.
The tracks themselves never disappoint, ____13____ there truly is something for everyone, from their blues-influenced rock classics to the slower, more meditative material ____14____ came later. Nobody listening to this collection could fail ____15____ (move) by the raw emotion of ‘Angie’; and I would challenge anyone to listen to “Brown Sugar with” without moving at least some part of their body. For me, these are the highlights of Disc Two, but there is much more, including four tracks not ____16____ (release) previously. As for Disc One, there is not a single weak track---each one is a classic.
This CD deserves a place in your collection for the simple reason ____17____ it follows the development of modern music almost from its very beginning in the early 1960s. If you’re a fan, you’ll be able to hear your old favourites ____18____ (sound) as good as the first day they were on the shelf. ____19____ your taste in music is much more contemporary, it is worth investigating this most influential of bands. They are a major part of rock history and anyone with the slightest interest in this subject should go straight to the source. Forty Licks gives you the chance to do just that.
It is hard to imagine the music scene without the Stones. If you want to see _____20_____ it takes to keep band in the public eye for forty years, look no further than this CD．
【答案】11．may
12．like
13．and
14．that/which
15．to be moved
16．released
17．that
18．sound
19．Although
20．what
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是滚石合唱团《Forty Licks》精选辑的相关信息。
11．
考查情态动词。句意：可能很少有CD能如此出色地记录一个乐队的职业生涯。空格后是动词原形be，因此空格处是情态动词，由“few CDs which do such a good job of documenting a band’s career”可知，句子是一种推测，意为“可能很少有CD能如此出色地记录一个乐队的职业生涯”，空格处意为“可能，也许”，是情态动词may，故填may。
12．
考查介词。句意：也没有像滚石乐队那样的乐队。由“And there is no band”可知，句子表示“也没有像滚石乐队那样的乐队”，因此空格处是“像”，用介词like，故填like。
13．
考查连词。句意：歌曲本身从不让人失望，而且确实有适合每个人的东西，从他们受蓝调影响的经典摇滚到后来出现的更慢、更冥想的材料。由“The tracks themselves never disappoint”和“there truly is something for everyone...”可知，前后两句是并列关系，因此空格处用表示并列的连词and，故填and。
14．
考查定语从句。句意：歌曲本身从不让人失望，而且确实有适合每个人的东西，从他们受蓝调影响的经典摇滚到后来出现的更慢、更适合冥想的材料。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词material是物，因此空格处是关系代词that/which，故填that/which。
15．
考查不定式。句意：听过这张专辑的人都会被《Angie》的原始情感所打动。fail to do是固定短语，意为“不能做某事”，由by可知，空格处用不定式的被动语态，即to be moved。故填to be moved。
16．
考查过去分词。句意：对我来说，这些是第二盘的亮点，但还有更多，包括四首之前没有发布的歌曲。but后的句子中谓语部分是is，空格处用非谓语动词，作后置定语修饰名词tracks，release与tracks之间是被动关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填released。
17．
考查同位语从句。句意：这张CD值得在你的收藏中占有一席之地，原因很简单，它几乎从20世纪60年代初开始就追随了现代音乐的发展。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是同位语从句，说明reason的具体内容，从句中不缺成分，且句子意思完整，因此空格处用that引导同位语从句，故填that。
18．
考查固定短语。句意：如果你是它的粉丝，你将能够听到你的旧的最爱听起来和它们上架的第一天一样好。根据语境可知，句子表示“你将能够听到你的旧的最爱听起来和它们上架的第一天一样好”，“听见某人做某事”是hear sb. do...，因此空格处用动词原形，故填sound。
19．
考查连词。句意：虽然你的音乐品味更现代，但还是值得研究一下这个最有影响力的乐队。根据常识可知，现在的人的音乐品味更现代，但是滚石合唱队是摇滚历史的重要组成部分，值得研究一下，因此空格处意为“虽然”，用although引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Although。
20．
考查宾语从句。句意：如果你想知道是什么让乐队在公众眼中保持40年，看看这张CD就知道了。空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句中缺少takes的宾语，因此空格处用连接代词what，故填what。
二、（2022·上海·华东师范大学第三附属中学高一期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Write your answers on the answer sheet.
Side-effects of drugs are usually provided when patients are advised by doctors to take them ___21___ they are over-the-counter medicine or health nutritional supplements. ___22___(convince) that the pills will work wonders inside their bodies, patients usually buy them and take them blindly.
In order for a chemical to be considered a safe drug, it must be proved safe and its benefits outweigh the risks through experiments. However, no substance ___23___ has the power to do this is completely safe. Drugs are approved only after tests have demonstrated that they are relatively safe when used ___24___ directed. Thus some very dangerous drugs are approved because they are necessary to treat serious illnesses. Many people suffer ill effects from drugs called side effects, ___25___ they take the drug exactly according to the directions. The human population contains a great variety of genetic variation, but drugs ___26___(test) on just a few thousand people. When a particular drug is taken by millions, some people ___27___ not respond in a predictable way, although the drug has been tested. A patient may also acquire a tolerance for a certain drug, ___28___ means the patient has to take ___29___(large) doses to produce the desired effect. Tolerance may lead to addiction, the person becomes so dependent ____30____ the drug that he or she will have severe psychological and physical disturbances when the drug is taken away.
【答案】21．whether
22．Convinced
23．that
24．as
25．even though
26．are tested
27．may
28．which
29．larger
30．on
【导语】
本文是说明文。文章主要讲述药物的副作用，建议人们吃药时要谨慎。
21．
考查让步状语从句。句意：不管医生建议病人服用非处方药物还是保健营养补充剂，药物通常会产生副作用。根据句子结构和意思可知，they are over-the-counter medicine和health nutritional supplements是选择的关系，表示“无论/不管...还是...”的意思，引导让步状语从句用whether...or。故填whether。
22．
考查形容词作状语。句意：病人们相信这些药片会在他们的身体里产生奇迹，所以他们经常会买并且盲目地吃。根据句子结构和意思可知，此处为形容词作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。Convinced that…是，表示“相信…”的意思。故填Convinced。
23．
考查定语从句。句意：然而，没有一种具有这种能力的物质是完全安全的。根据句子结构和意思可知，　　3　　 has the power to do this是定语从句，先行词是no substance，在从句中做主语，指物，所以用that。故填that。
24．
考查方式状语从句。句意：药物只有在经过测试证明按说明使用时相对安全后才被批准。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查方式状语从句，句子需要“正如，就像”的意思的连词，完整句子应该是Drugs are approved only after tests have demonstrated that they are relatively safe when used as they are directed，主从句主语都是指Drugs，从句谓语有be动词，所以把从句主语和be动词省略，即Drugs are approved only after tests have demonstrated that they are relatively safe when used as directed。故填as。
25．
考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管他们完全按照说明书服用药物，许多人还是会因为药物的副作用而遭受不良影响。根据句子结构和意思可知，前后两个小分句之间是让步的关系，表示“虽然，尽管”的意思。故填even though。
26．
考查时态语态。句意：人类体内含有各种各样的遗传变异，但药物测试只在几千人身上被测试。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查一般现在时的谓语动词的被动结构，主语drugs和谓语test是被动的关系，主语是复数名词，所以be动词用are。故填are tested。
27．
考查情态动词。句意：当一种特定的药物被数百万人服用时，尽管这种药物已经被测试过，但是有些人的反应可能是不可预测的。根据句子结构可知，空格后面是否定副词not和动词原形respond，分析句子意思可知，这里考查情态动词，表示“也许，可能”的意思，表示推测。故填may。
28．
考查非限制性定语从句。句意：病人也可能获得对某种药物的耐受性，这意味着病人必须服用更大剂量的药物才能产生预期的效果。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查非限制性定语从句结构，先行词是整个主句的内容，在从句中做主语。故填which。
29．
考查形容词比较级。句意：见第8题详解。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查形容词比较级，表示“更大的”意思。故填larger。
30．
考查介词。句意：对某种药物的耐受性可能导致上瘾，人变得如此依赖这种药物，以至于当药物被拿走时，他或她会有严重的心理和生理障碍。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定短语be dependent on，表示“对.......依赖”的意思。故填on。
三、（2022·上海杨浦·二模）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The Life-Givers of the Desert: Oases throughout the World
Oases(绿洲) have had a strong influence on the development of society in desert regions. Aspects of trade as well as military and political power have all been impacted by oases. Merchants have relied on these fertile zones ____31____(get) access to vital water, food, and other supplies on their journeys. Historically, the Bahariya Oasis, ____32____ (locate) 370 kilometers from Cairo, is remarkable. During the ancient time, this water reserve was an agricultural center. More recently, tourism has brought important income to the region, which ____33____(stretch) more than 2, 000 square kilometers.
It’s not surprising ____34____ fascinated history lovers are by the area’s history and geographical features. In recent years, more than 100 golden mummies ____35____(discover) as part of a tomb system, which radar has shown to include more than 10,000 mummies. This amazing discovery was made in 1996, ____36____ a donkey fell into a hole and the animal’s owner saw the face of a shiny, golden-colored mummy inside. The mummies are near another significant piece of history: the Temple of Alexander the Great. Visitors to the region can also see tombs ____37____(cut) out of huge rocks. ____38____ dating back to 2500 years ago, the tombs were in such condition as could be determined to belong to a wealthy family. In terms of physical features, Bahariya is known for its hot and cold springs and Crystal Mountain, which is not really a mountain but rather large masses of various types of crystals.
Sitting in sharp contrast to the tough, dry conditions that surround ____39____, oases are remarkable. They exist _____40_____ delicate yet crucial ecosystems, providing significant agricultural, tourism, and life-giving benefits to the regions.
【答案】31．to get
32．located
33．stretches
34．how
35．have been discovered##were discovered
36．when
37．cut
38．Though##Although
39．them
40．as
【导语】
本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了巴哈里亚绿洲。
31．
考查非谓语动词。句意：商人们在旅途中依靠这些肥沃的地区来获得重要的水、食物和其他补给。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词不定式做目的状语，rely on sb./sth. to do…是固定搭配，表示“依赖…做某事”的意思。故填to get。
32．
考查非谓语动词。句意：从历史上看，距开罗370公里的巴哈里亚绿洲非常壮观。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查过去分词做后置定语，修饰前面的名词the Bahariya Oasis，是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动的意思。故填located。
33．
考查谓语动词时态。句意：最近，旅游业给这个面积超过2000平方公里的地区带来了重要的收入。分析句子可知，这句话描述的现在的事实，所以谓语要用一般现在时，主语是the region，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填stretches。
34．
考查主语从句。句意：历史爱好者对这个地区的历史和地理特征如此着迷也就不足为奇了。分析句子结构可知，it是形式主语， 　　4　　 fascinated history lovers are by the area’s history and geographical features是真正的主语，这是主语从句结构；分析主从句意思可知，上下文需要副词how修饰形容词fascinated，表示“如何”的意思。故填how。
35．
考查谓语动词时态和语态。句意：近年来，超过100具金黄色的木乃伊作为陵墓系统的一部分被发现，雷达显示其中包括超过10000具木乃伊。根据句子结构可知，In recent years做时间状语，所以句子谓语要用现在完成时；分析句子意思可知，主语复数名词more than 100 golden mummies和动词discover是被动的关系，所以要用被动，助动词用have。分析句子意思，这句话可以理解为过去的事实，所以谓语也可以用一般过去时的被动结构，be动词用were。故填have been discovered/were discovered。
36．
考查定语从句。句意：这个惊人的发现发生在1996年，当时一头驴子掉进了一个洞里，它的主人看到了里面一个金色发亮的木乃伊的脸。根据句子结构可知，这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词是1996，在从句中做时间状语。故填when。
37．
考查非谓语动词。句意：来到这个地区的游客还可以看到从巨大的岩石中挖出来的坟墓。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查过去分词做后置定语，和前面被修饰的名词tombs是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动的意思。故填cut。
38．
考查让步状语从句的连词。句意：虽然是2500年前的墓穴，但是这些墓葬的状况仍然可以确定是属于一个富裕的家庭。根据句子结构和意思可知，逗号前后是转折的关系。故填Though/Although。
39．
考查代词。句意：绿洲与周围艰苦干燥的环境形成鲜明对比，绿洲非同寻常。根据句子结构可知，that surround是定语从句结构，先行词是conditions，在从句中做主语，所以及物动词surround缺少宾语，根据句意可知，宾语应该是指oases，是复数名词，所以用代词them代替。故填them。
40．
考查介词。句意：它们作为微妙而关键的生态系统存在，为这些地区提供了重要的农业、旅游和生命利益。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查介词，表示“作为”的意思。故填as。
四、Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
____41____ cities were people, Chengdu would be a “happy drifter (流浪汉) without ambition”. That’s according to popular Chinese online writer Murong Xuecun.
It’s the leisurely and slow-paced lifestyle ____42____ put the capital city of Sichuan on the list of the 21 must-go tourist destinations of 2017 ____43____ US travel magazine National Geographic.
One of ____44____ (great) pleasures in Chengdu is its food. Famous for the use of the tongue-numbing (让舌头发麻的) Sichuanese pepper corn and hot chillies, Chengdu dishes are an obsession (痴迷) for locals. “Nothing is more important to Chengdu people than food,” Du Li, a professor at the Sichuan Higher Institute of Cuisine, told the Guardian. “They love ____45____   (search) out small restaurants in out-of-the-way places ____46____ may just specialize in a couple of dishes.”
In fact, according to Wang Xudong, editor-in-chief of Sichuan Cuisine magazine, Chengdu has the highest density (密度) of restaurants of any city in the world – there are around 40,000. No wonder it became the first Asian city that ____47____(name) as a city of Gastronomy (美食) by UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) in 2010.
____48____ important part of local daily life is the city’s teahouses. ____49____(find) all over Chengdu, the teahouses are much more than just a place to drink tea. They are a place to do business, meet with friends, show off pet birds, listen to Chuanju or Sichuan opera, and most importantly, play mahjong. As a local saying goes, “If you can’t find someone, he or she is _____50_____playing mahjong, or on the way to play mahjong.”
“Feet stretched out in a rattan chair with a glass of tea at the mahjong table, their lives are a fleeting dusk.” The Telegraph noted.
【答案】41．If
42．that
43．by
44．the greatest
45．to search
46．that##which
47．was named
48．Another
49．Found
50．either
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国著名的旅游城市成都。
41．
考查状语从句。句意：如果城市是人的话，成都就是一个“快乐的流浪汉”。根据句意和为语动词“were”以及“would be”可知，此处表示对现在事实的虚拟，需用if引导条件句，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填If。
42．
考查强调句。句意：悠闲而慢节奏的生活方式，使四川省会城市荣登美国旅游杂志《国家地理》2017年21个必去旅游目的地榜单。强调句的基本句型是：it is/was+被强调部分+that+句子其他成分，此处对句子的主语进行强调。故填that。
43．
考查介词。句意同上。根据“US travel magazine National Geographic.”可知，四川省会城市由美国旅游杂志《国家地理》评为2017年21个必去旅游目的地榜单。表示“经过，由”应用介词by。故填by。
44．
考查形容词最高级。句意：在成都最大的乐趣之一就是它的食物。表示“最大的乐趣之一”应用one of the greatest pleasures，此处the greatest作定语，修饰名词pleasures。故填the greatest。
45．
考查非谓语动词。句意：“他们喜欢在偏僻的地方寻找小餐馆，这些小餐馆可能只专门做几道菜。”love to do sth.为固定用法，空处需填动词不定式作宾语。故填to search。
46．
考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导定语从句，先行词places，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。
47．
考查动词时态语态。句意：难怪它在2010年成为第一个被联合国教科文组织(联合国教育、科学和文化组织)评为“美食之都”的亚洲城市。that引导的定语从句缺少谓语动词，that指代city，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式，根据时间状语“in 2010”可知，使用一般过去时，主语和name为被动关系，需用被动语态。故填was named。
48．
考查代词。句意：当地日常生活的另一个重要部分是茶馆。此处表示“三者以上另外一个”需填代词another，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Another。
49．
考查非谓语动词。句意：在成都随处可见，茶馆不仅仅是喝茶的地方。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词are，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，the teahouses和find为逻辑动宾关系，需填过去分词形式，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Found。
50．
考查固定短语。句意：当地有句谚语说:“找不到人，不是在打麻将，就是在打麻将的路上。”either…or…为固定短语，意为“要么……要么……”。故填either。
五、（2022·华东师范大学第三附属中学）Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
American Writer--Toni Morrison
American writer Toni Morrison was born in 1931 in Ohio. She ____51____ (raise)in an African American family filled with songs and stories of Southern myths (神话), which later shaped her essays. Her happy family life led to her excellent performance in school, ____52____ the atmosphere of racism in the society.
After graduating from college, Morrison started to work as a teacher and got married in 1958. Several years later, her marriage began to fail. For a temporary escape, she joined a small writers group, in ____53____ each member was required to bring a story or poem for discussion. She wrote a story ____54____ (base)on the life of a girl she knew in childhood who had prayed to God for blue eyes. The story was well received by the group, but then she put it away, ____55____ (think) she was done with it.
In 1964, Morrison got divorced and devoted herself to ____56____ (write). One day, she dusted off the story she had written for the writers' group and decided to make ____57____ into a novel. She drew on her memories from childhood and expanded upon them using her imagination ____58____ the character developed a life of their own. The Bluest Eye was eventually published in 1970. From 1970 to 1992, Morison published five more novels.
In her novels, Morrison brings in different elements of the African American past, their struggles, problems and cultural memory. In Song of Solomon, for example, Morrison tells the story of an Africa American man and his search for identity in his culture. The novels and other works won her several prizes. In 1993, Morison received ____59____ Nobel Prize in Literature. She is the eighth woman and the first African American woman ____60____ (win)the honor.
【答案】51．was raised
52．despite
53．which
54．based
55．thinking
56．writing
57．it
58．so that
59．the
60．to win
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了美国女作家Toni Morrison的成长经历和成就。
51．
考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：她在一个非洲裔美国家庭长大，家庭里充满了歌曲和南方神话故事，这些故事后来塑造了她的散文。此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。动词raise意为“抚养”，和主语构成被动关系。主语she为第三人称单数。故填was raised。
52．
考查介词。句意：她幸福的家庭生活使她在学校表现优异，尽管社会上存在着种族歧视的氛围。根据“the atmosphere of racism in the society”和前文“Her happy family life led to her excellent performance in school”可知，空格前后构成转折关系，且空格后是名词，所以应用介词despite表示“尽管”。故填despite。
53．
考查定语从句。句意：为了暂时逃避，她加入了一个作家小组，每个成员都被要求带一个故事或一首诗来讨论。在非限制性定语从句中缺少介词in的宾语，且先行词为group，所以应用关系代词which。故填which。
54．
考查过去分词。句意：她根据童年时认识的一个女孩的生活写了一篇故事，那个女孩曾向上帝祈求一双蓝色的眼睛。be based on意为“以……为基础”，为固定搭配，且空格处和谓语之间没有连词，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。故填based。
55．
考查现在分词。句意：这个故事很受大家欢迎，但后来她把它收了起来，觉得就到此为止了。动词think意为“认为”，和谓语之间没有连词，和主语she构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词作状语。故填thinking。
56．
考查动名词。句意：1964年，莫里森离婚，全身心投入到写作中。devote oneself to doing意为“全身心投入做某事”，为固定搭配，此处用动名词作介词to的宾语。故填writing。
57．
考查代词。句意：一天，她重拾为作家小组写的故事，决定把它写成小说。根据“into a novel”可知，此处代指前文中提到的story，所以应用代词it。故填it。
58．
考查连词。句意：她利用了她童年的记忆，并利用她的想象力扩展了这些记忆，以至于角色有了自己的生命。根据句意可知，本句为so that引导的结果状语从句，所以应用连词so that表示“以至于”。故填so that。
59．
考查定冠词。句意；1993年，莫里森获得了诺贝尔文学奖。表示奖项应用定冠词表示特指。故填the。
60．
考查动词不定式。句意：她是获得这一荣誉的第八名女性，也是第一位非裔美国女性。当名词被序数词修饰时，应用to do不定式作后置定语。故填to win。
六、（2022·上海市第二中学模拟预测）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Owning a Pet Is Good for Your Health
Pets in America are incredibly well loved: according to a 2015 Harris poll, 95% of owners think of their animal as a member of the family. About half buy ___61___ birthday presents. And it’s a two-way street. People who have pets tend to have lower blood pressure, heart rate and heart-disease risk than those who don’t. Those health benefits may come from the extra exercise that playing and walking ___62___ (require), and the stress relief of having a steady best friend on hand.
Scientists are now digging up evidence ___63___ animals can also help improve mental health, even for people with challenging disorders. Small ___64___ the studies are, the benefits are impressive enough that clinical settings are opening their doors to animal assisted interventions — pet therapy, in other words — used alongside conventional medicine. “___65___ (think) of an animal in a hospital used to be one of the great no-no’s,” says Alan Beck, director of the Center for the Human-Animal Bond at Purdue University, citing the fear of causing infection. “Now, I don’t know of any major children’s hospital ___66___ at least some kind of animal program.”
The rise of animal therapy ___67___ (back) by increasingly serious science showing that social support — a proven antidote to anxiety and loneliness — can come on four legs, not just two. Animals of many types can help calm stress, fear and anxiety in young children, the elderly and everyone in between.
More research is needed ___68___ scientists know exactly why it works and how much animal interaction is needed for the best results. But ___69___ (publish) studies show that paws have a place in medicine and in mental well-being. “The data is strong,” Beck says. “If you look at ___70___ animals do for people and how we interact with them, it’s not surprising at all.”
【答案】61．them
62．require
63．that
64．though##as
65．Thinking
66．without
67．is backed
68．before
69．published
70．what
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。主要说明了拥有动物对人类的好处。
61．
考查代词。句意：大约一半的人会给他们买生日礼物。设空处指代上句的“pets(宠物)”，固定短语buy sb. sth.给某人买......，代指pets用them。故填them。
62．
考查谓语动词。句意：这些健康益处可能来自玩耍和走路所需要的额外锻炼。分析句子结构可知，空处在定语从句中做谓语，该句子叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时，句子的主语playing and walking和require(要求)之间是主动关系，主语playing and walking为复数形式，结合主谓一致，设空处用动词原形。故填require。
63．
考查同位语从句的引导词。句意：科学家们现在正在挖掘证据，证明动物也可以帮助改善心理健康，甚至对患有挑战性障碍的人也是如此。设空处引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence(证据)的内容，从句意思完整不缺成分，应用that。故填that。
64．
考查连词。句意：尽管这些研究规模不大，但其益处令人印象深刻，以至于临床环境正在向动物辅助干预敞开大门。结合句意，设空处引导让步状语从句，当as/though引导让步状语从句时，还可使用倒装句型，即形容词/名词+as/though+主语+谓语，结合句意。故填though/as。
65．
考查非谓语动词。句意：想到医院里的动物曾经是一个大禁忌。设空处在句中作非谓语且充当句子的主语且叙述客观事实，应用动名词的形式，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Thinking。
66．
考查介词。句意：据我所知，没有任何一家大型儿童医院没有动物项目。根据句意。此处表示“无、没有”应用without。故填without。
67．
考查时态和语态。句意：动物疗法的兴起得到了越来越严肃的科学研究的支持，这些科学研究表明，社会支持（已被证明是消除焦虑和孤独的良药）可以靠四条腿的动物，而不仅仅靠有两条腿的人。分析句子结构可知，“The rise of animal therapy____(back) by increasingly serious science”是主句，“showing that social support — a proven antidote to anxiety and loneliness — can come on four legs, not just two.”是非谓语动词做后置定语，修饰名词science(科学)，所以空处做谓语，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语是The rise of animal therapy(动物疗法的兴起)，和动词back(支持)二者之间是被动关系，所以应用一般现在时的被动，主语为第三人称单数，所以应用is backed。故填is backed。
68．
考查连词。句意：科学家们还需要进行更多的研究，才能确切地知道为什么它能起作用，以及需要多少动物的相互作用才能达到最佳效果。设空处引导时间状语从句，结合句意，设空处表示“在......之前”应用before。故填before。
69．
考查非谓语动词。句意：但已发表的研究表明，爪子在医学和精神健康方面都占有一席之地。设空处是非谓语做定语，修饰名词studies(研究)，且动词publish(公布)和studies之间是逻辑的被动关系，应用动词的过去分词的形式作定语。故填published。
70．
考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：如果你看看动物为人类做了什么，以及我们如何与它们互动，这一点都不奇怪。设空处引导宾语从句，且在句中作动词do的宾语，表示“......的事”，应用what。故填what。
七、Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Honesty, my mum always used to tell me, is the best policy. When it comes to medicine, I had assumed it was important to always be honest ___71___ my patient. After all, the doctor-patient relationship is based on trust, and therefore honesty is essential or so I thought.
I had just started working in geriatrics(老年科). Mr. McMahon was brought in when his belly was found very swollen(肿的). I took a medical history from his daughter who’d accompanied him in the ambulance. She’d been his main career for years. I stood ___72___(look) at him as she gave a detailed history. “Has he lost any weight recently?” I asked, “Well, it’s funny you ___73___   mention that, but yes.” She said slowly. Obviously, she ___74___(involve) very much in his care and it was only fair ___75___ I told her the truth. “Well, we need to prove it’s not cancer.” I said and talked briefly about some of the tests ___76___ I was going to order.
Half an hour later, a nurse called me: “Mr. McMahon’s daughter broke down－she said you told her he had cancer.” My heart sank. By the time I arrived at the ward, my consultant(高级顾问医师) was already there, explaining that we still had to run lots of tests and that ___77___ was by no means confirmed that he had cancer. I stood silently at the end of the bed. My consultant was obviously angry with me and as we left Mr. McMahon, she turned to me. “Why on earth did you do that?” she asked. I looked at her and bit my lip. “She asked me what I was worried about and I told her.” I said, hanging my head. “And give her more to worry about?” replied my consultant. “You don’t say the word ‘cancer’ until it’s confirmed. ___78___ you suspect it, think very carefully before you tell people.”
As it turned out, it wasn’t cancer. But I did learn that when someone is stressed and worried about their loved one they’re sometimes selective in ___79___ they hear—and as a doctor it’s important to be mindful of this. In being truthful, I’d made the situation _____80_____(bad).
【答案】71．with
72．looking
73．should
74．was involved
75．that
76．which##that
77．it
78．Even if##Even though
79．what
80．worse
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一直坚持“医生应该对病人诚实”原则的作者通过一件事情认识到当一个人感到压力和为所爱的人担心时，他有时会对所听到的有所选择，说实话反而会让情况变得更糟。
71．
考查介词。句意：说到医学，我一直以为对病人诚实是很重要的。结合句意表示“对……诚实”短语为be honest with。故填with。
72．
考查非谓语动词。句意：我站在那里看着他，她向我详细讲述了她的经历。分析句子结构可知look在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语I构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填looking。
73．
考查虚拟语气。句意：我问：“嗯，你提到这个很有趣，但是是的。”此处为句型“it be adj. that+虚拟语气”，从句用should+动词原形，故填should。
74．
考查固定短语。句意：很明显，她非常关心他的照顾，所以我告诉她真相才公平。结合句意表示“关心”短语为be involved in，结合上文可知为一般过去时，主语为she，谓语用单数。故填was involved。
75．
考查固定句型。句意：很明显，她非常关心他的照顾，所以我告诉她真相才公平。此处为句型“it be adj. that”，it作形式主语，that为真正主语。故填that。
76．
考查定语从句。句意：我简单地讲了一些我要做的测试。此处为定语从句修饰先行词tests，先行词在从句中作宾语，指物，故用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
77．
考查it用法。句意：当我到达病房的时候，我的顾问已经在那里了，他解释说，我们还需要做很多检查，而且根本不能确定他得了癌症。此处为句型it be by no means confirmed that…，表示“不能确定……”，it为形式主语。故填it。
78．
考查状语从句。句意：即使你怀疑，在告诉别人之前也要仔细考虑。引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”应用even if或even though，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Even if/Even though。
79．
考查宾语从句。句意：但我确实了解到，当人们感到压力和担心他们所爱的人时，他们有时会选择性地选择他们听到的内容——作为一名医生，这一点很重要。引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指事情应用what引导。故填what。
80．
考查比较级。句意：说实话，我使情况更糟了。结合句意“更糟”可知应用bad的比较级worse。故填worse。