专题02 十一选十-2022年高三毕业班英语大题满分练（上海专用）

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专题02 十一选十（解析版）

高考考点
命题分析
备考建议
三年高考探源
考查频率
十一选十
1. 主要考查名词，动词，形容词和副词。
2. 动词是考査重点，尤其是动词的分词变形为主;动词时语态与非谓语是高中语法学习的重点。
3. 名词与形容词为次重点，每年都有考査；对于名词与形容词在句中所起作用与相互修饰，需要学生熟练掌握。需要留意doing作动名词，doing/done作形容词等词类活用以及名词作定语修饰名词的现象。
4.副词用于调整题目的难易度与词汇的考査。它在句中的位置灵活，功能强大——可以修饰动词，形容词，副词以及整个句子。一般是二选一。
5. 近几年来越来越加大派生词和合成词的考核，要求学生根据单词构成的规律，正确判断词性和词义。

 1. 解题前可将单词按词性分类，解题时尤其关注词类活用和一词多义。
2. 掌握文章大意，抓住空格所在的句子，从方框中的单词和文章中的句子出发。
3. 多做多练，做到限时练习。

2021、2020、2019、2018
第21-30题
★★★

十一选十题型——词性分布统计和词性考查规律
一、词性分布图及表：
近三年十一选十题型词性分布统计

年份

名词
动词

形容词

副词

do

does

doing

did/done
2017.1
2
4
/
/
/
3
2
2017.6
3
/
/
/
4
2
2
2018.1
3
1
/
2
2
1
2
2018.6
4
1
/
/
4
2
/
2019.1
3
2
1
1
/
2
2
2019.6
2
/
/
3
2
2
2
(注:以单词在真题中实际词性为主，未涉及词类活用：如doing/done作形容词；doing作动名词等情况，以doing/done的形式统计。)
年份
一词多义
一词多性
固定搭配
2017.1

acknowledgement n.承认；感谢；确认

crack n.裂缝；爆裂声，噼啪声
v.破解；破裂；击中；发出爆裂声，噼啪声；
log n.原木；日志 v.登录；记录
it is an acknowledgement that (我们)必须承认
be conscious of有意识的
log on 登录
2017.6
acknowledge v.承认；感谢；确认
（acknowledged公认的）
suspect n.嫌犯 v.怀疑
（suspected adj.可疑的）
feature n.特征 v.以…为特色;以…为主要组成; 由…主演;起重要作用
suspected shoplifters 可疑的扒手
grow/be accustomed to 习惯于
2018.1
overlook v.忽视；俯视
rebellion n.反叛；叛军
reminder n.提醒人的事物;通知单，提示信


address n.地址；演说；
v.处理；向…说话；寄给
impose v.强加；征税
（imposing 壮观的）

sweep through 横扫
2018.6
commit v.犯罪；保证，承诺
superior n.上级；较好的人
adj.级别高的，年长的
contact n.联系；联系人；接触（者）；隐形眼镜
v.联系；接触
commit oneself to sth 致力于.
2019.1


evolve v.进化；演变
（evolving ad.j不断发展的;进化的）
literacy n.读写能力；识字；有文化
alert adj.警觉的;警惕的
v.向…报警;使警觉;
n.警惕;警报
challenge n./v.挑战
network n.网络；网状系统
v.将…连接成网络;建立联系
mental shift 心态的转变
2019.6
determined adj.坚定的；确定的，决定的
perform v.表演，表现；履行
(performing adj.表现的)
focus n.焦点 v.集中（on）

visual worsening视力恶化
modified myopia （改良性）假性近视


2019年上海高考英语真题
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. counting B. determined C. distraction D. environmental E. focus F. modified G. naturally H. performing I. worsening J. comprehensively K. significant
Myopia, or short-sightedness, is a condition in which distant objects appear blurred (模糊 的)，but closer objects can usually be seen in sharp focus. Its biological basis is an eye that, during childhood, has grown too long for its optical power. The focal plane for images of distant objects ends up in front of the retina, causing out-of- ___11___perception.
Myopia was once regarded as almost totally genetically ___12___. But its prevalence (流行)has increased spectacularly in urban mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, Japan and South Korea, where 80—90% of those completing high school are now short-sighted. This is up from 20——30% only two generations ago. Since gene pools do not change that fast, these massive changes must be due to ___13___ change. In 2005, we ___14___ reviewed the research on myopia and found a correlation with education. ( This was not a particularly novel insight； such a link was supposed as far back as Kepler in 1604. ) We found locations with a high prevalence of myopia were all top performers in surveys of international educational outcomes.
Fortunately, not all high- ___15___ locations, Australia among them, showed a high prevalence of myopia. This shows that high educational outcomes do not necessarily lead to myopia. We also hypothesized that all human population groups had a tendency to develop myopia under particular environmental conditions. Indeed, North America and Europe have seen growing rates of myopia, although they are still nowhere near as high as in East and Southeast Asia.
A common cutoff for high myopia is - 5 diopters (屈光度).This means vision is blurred beyond 20cm from the eyes. Such severe or high myopia increases with age and can lead to visual impairment that can't be corrected. The prevalence of high myopia has now reached 20% in young adults in East and Southeast Asia, which foreshadows major increases in visual ___16___and blindness as these young adults age. So prevention of myopia has become crucial, particularly for East and Southeast Asia.
Australia has ___17___low levels of myopia with a lifestyle that emphasizes outdoors activities. Young children report spending two to three hours a day outside, not ___18___ time outdoors at school. However, there are formidable barriers to achieving this benchmark in locations where spending time outdoors is seen as a (n) ___19___ from study. Policy responses must therefore also aim to slow the progression of myopia, the phenomenon in which mild to ____20____ myopia becomes more severe during childhood. There is currently controversy over whether time outdoors slows progression, but strong seasonal effects on progression suggest that it may.
【答案】11. E 12. B
13. D 14. J
15. H 16. I
17. G 18. A
19. C 20. F
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了近视的原理，导致近视的原因以及预防近视的重要性。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：远处物体成像的焦平面最终位于视网膜前，造成失焦感知。分析句子可知，空格处应与out-of-组成前置定语修饰名词，out-of-focus“失焦”修饰perception，符合句意。故选E项。
【12题详解】
考查动词。句意：近视一度被认为是完全由基因决定的。分析句子可知，空格处应为动词，被genetically修饰，determine“决定”为动词，被副词修饰，意为“由基因决定”，与句意相符。根据句中时态可知用一般过去时。故选B项。
【13题详解】
考查形容词。句意：既然基因库的变化没有那么快，这些巨大的变化一定是由于环境的变化。分析句子可知，空格处应填形容词，修饰名词change，environmental“环境的”符合文意。故选D项。
【14题详解】
考查副词。句意：2005年，我们全面地回顾了有关近视的研究，发现近视与教育相关。分析句子可知，空格处应填副词，修饰动词reviewed。comprehensively“全面地”符合文意。故选J项。
【15题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：幸运的是，并非所有教育表现优秀的地区，包括澳大利亚，都显示出高度近视的患病率。分析句子可知，空格处应与high结合，作为前置定语修饰locations。 perform“表现”，high-performing“高表现的”，符合句意。故选H项。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：在东亚和东南亚的年轻人中，高度近视的患病率已经达到20%，这预示着随着这些年轻人年龄的增长，视力恶化和失明的情况会大幅增加。分析句子可知，空格处应为与名词blindness 并列。名词worsening“恶化”，符合句意。故选I项。
【17题详解】
考查副词。句意：澳大利亚天生近视率较低，生活方式注重户外活动。分析句子可知，空格处应为副词修饰low，副词naturally“自然地，天生地”，修饰形容词low，符合句意，故选G项。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：幼童报告说，他们每天在户外的时间有两到三个小时，这还不包括在学校的户外时间。分析句子可知，空格处应作为report的宾语与spending并列，count“计算”，counting作为report宾语，与句意相符。故选A项。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：然而，在那些户外活动被视为干扰学习的地区，要达到这一标准存在巨大的障碍。根据前面冠词a可知，空格处应填名词，distraction“分心的事物”为可数名词，符合句意，故选C项。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：因此，政策应对也必须着眼于减缓近视的发展，即在儿童时期，轻度至改良近视会变得更加严重。根据前文mild“轻度的”可知，空格处应填形容词和mild并列，modified“改良的”为形容词，符合句意。故选F项。
2018年上海高考英语真题
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．committed B．compared C．contact D．delegation E. destructive F. humble G. negotiate H. respelled I. similarity J. superiors K. witnessed
Some Very "American" Words Come from ChineseMany of the Chinese words that are now part of English were borrowed long ago. They are most often from Cantonese(粤语)or other Chinese languages rather than Mandarin. Let's start with them.
kowtow
The English word kowtow is a verb that means to agree too easily to do what someone else wants you to do, or to obey someone with power in a way that seems ___1___. It comes from the Cantonese word kau tau, which means " knock your head ”. It refers to the act of kneeling and lowering one's head as a sign of respect to ___2___ —such as emperors, elders and leaders. In the case of emperors, the act required the person to touch their head to the ground. Britain's Lord George Macartney refused to “kau tau" to the Qianlong Emperor. Soon after, the English word "kowtow" was born. In 1793, Britain's King George III sent Lord George Macartney and other trade ambassadors to China to ___3___ a trade agreement. The Chinese asked them to kowtow to the Qianlong Emperor. As the story goes, Lord Macartney refused for his ___4___to do more than bend their knees. He said that was all they were required to do for their own king.
It is not surprising, then, that Macartney left China without negotiating the trade agreement. After that, critics used the word kowtow when anyone was too submissive to China. Today, the usage has no connection to China, nor any specific political connection.
gung-ho
Another borrowed word that came about through ___5___ between two nations is gung-ho. In English, the word gung-ho is an adjective that means extremely excited about doing something. The Chinese characters " gong" and " he" together mean " work together, cooperate. " The original term—gongyehezudshe—means Chinese Industrial Cooperatives. The organizations were established in the 1930s by Westerners in China to promote industrial and economic development. Lt. Colonel Evans Carlson of the United States Marine Corps observed these cooperatives while he was in China. He was impressed, saying "... all the soldiers ___6___themselves to one idea and worked together to put that idea over. " He then began using the term gung-ho in the Marine Corps to try to create the same spirit he had ___7___. In 1942, he used the word as a training slogan for the 2nd Marine Raider Battalion during World War II.The men were often called the “Gung Ho Battalion". From then, the word gung-ho spread as a slogan throughout the Marine Coips. Today, its meaning has no relation to the military.typhoon
In English, a typhoon is a very powerful and ___8___ storm that occurs around the China Sea and in the South Pacific. The word history of typhoon had a far less direct path to the English language than gung-ho. And not all historical accounts are the same. But, according to the Merriam-Webster New Book of Word Histories, the first typhoons reported in the English language were in India and were called " touffons" or "tufans".   The word tufan or al-tufan is Arabic and means violent storm or flood. The English came across this word in India and boiTowed it as touffon. Later, when English ships encountered violent storms in the China Sea, Englishmen learned the Cantonese word tai fung, which means great wind. ‘‘ The word's ___9___ to touffon is only by chance. The modern form of the word—typhoon—was influenced by the Cantonese but ____10____to make it appear more Greek.
【答案】1．F
2．J
3．G
4．D
5．C
6．A
7．K
8．E
9．I
10．H
【分析】
本文是说明文。文章介绍了两个外来词kowtow（磕头）和gung-ho（齐心协力的）的起源。
1．
考查形容词。句意：英语单词“磕头”是一个动词，意思是太轻易同意做别人想让你做的事，或者以一种看起来很谦卑的方式服从有权力的人。seem是系动词，后接形容词作表语；根据句意，应是形容词humble，意思为“谦卑的”。故选F。
2．
考查可数名词单复数。句意：它指的是跪下并低着头以示对上级，如皇帝、长辈和领导的尊敬。 根据句意，此处是短语respect to sb. “对某人的尊敬”，介词to后应是名词；根据后面列举的名词emperors, elders and leaders可知，应是复数名词superiors，意思为“上级，长者”。故选J。
3．
考查动词。句意： 1793年，英国国王乔治三世派马戛尔尼勋爵和其他贸易使节来华谈判贸易协定。 此处“to __3__ a trade agreement”是不定式作目的状语，不定式后应是动词原形；根据句意，应是动词negotiate，意思为“商谈，谈判”。故选G。
4．
考查名词。句意：据说，马戛尔尼勋爵拒绝让他的代表团做更多的事，除了屈膝。在形容词性物主代词his后应是名词形式；根据句意，应是名词delegation，意思为“代表团”。故选D。
5．
考查名词。句意：另一个通过两国之间接触而产生的外来词是gung-ho。在介词through后应是名词；根据句意，应是名词contact，意思为“接触，联系”。故选C。
6．
考查动词和时态。句意：他很感动，说:“……所有的士兵都致力于一种想法，并共同努力使这种想法得以实现。 所填词是句子的谓语动词；并且是一般过去时形式；根据句意，此处是短语commit oneself to …，意思为“致力于”。故选A。
7．
考查动词和时态。句意：然后，他开始在海军陆战队使用“同心协力”这个词，试图创造出他亲眼目睹的那种精神。根据空前的had可知，所填词是过去分词形式，构成过去完成时；根据句意，应是动词witness，意思为“亲眼目睹”，并且用过去分词。故选K。
8．
考查形容词。句意：在英语中，台风是一种非常强大、具有破坏性的风暴，发生在中国海域和南太平洋。and是并列连词，此处连接两个并列的形容词，修饰storm；所填词应是形容词，与powerful 并列；根据句意，应是形容词 destructive，意思为“毁灭性的”。故选E。
9．
考查名词。句意：这个词与touffon的相似只是偶然。在名词所有格形式the word’s后，应是名词形式；根据语境，上文提到的tai fung与touffon相似，因此是名词similarity，意思为“相似”。故选I。
10．
考查动词和语态。句意：单词typhoon的现代形式受到广东话的影响，但将它重新拼写，使它更像希腊文。but是并列连词，此处连接两个并列的谓语动词，与前面的过去分词influenced并列；根据句意， 应是动词respell，意思为“重新拼写”，并且用过去分词形式。故选H。

一、（2022·上海市莘庄中学高三期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once. Note that there is one word or phrase more than you need.
A．demands        B．amateur        C．undimmed        D．compares       E. spotted        F. hits
G. spoiled            H. estimates       I. deliberate          J. lacks             K. criticized
Wikipedia (维基百科) is a Web-based, free-content encyclopedia written collaboratively by volunteers and sponsored by the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation. Its purpose is to create and distribute a free international encyclopedia in as many languages as possible. Wikipedia is the most popular reference site on the internet, receiving tens of millions of ____11____ each day.On January 15th Wikipedia celebrated its 20th anniversary.
Like most Utopian thinking, the idea of a(n) ____12____ encyclopedia was, for many years, treated as a bit of a joke. Even now, after numerous academic studies had highlighted its reliability, Wikipedia still ____13____ the gravity and authority of older encyclopedias like the Encyclopedia Britannica, which are written by paid academic experts.
Wikipedia may not have conquered its doubters in theory, but it has triumphed (获胜) in practice. With over 20bn page views a month, it has become the standard reference work for anyone with an internet connection. As social media sites are ____14____ for censorship (审查制度), “fake news” and disinformation, its reputation is higher than ever.
One explanation may be ____15____ decisions. Wikipedia ____16____ well with other reference works when it comes to honest mistakes. Other reasons are structural. The site’s open nature and its popularity help ensure that errors in well-read articles are usually ____17____ and fixed quickly.
Wikipedia’s not-for-profit structure means it can focus on the interests of readers and editors without having to consider the ____18____ of advertisers. The site is also unusual in that it is run by humans, not algorithms (算法).
Katherine Maher, the Wikimedia Foundation’s executive director and CEO, ____19____ around 80% of Wikipedia’s editors are male, and skewed (偏向) towards North America and Europe. Changing that, she says, is vital to the health of a project whose idealism remains _____20_____ . “Our vision is a world where every single human being can share in all knowledge,” she says.
【答案】11．F
12．B
13．J
14．K
15．I
16．D
17．E
18．A
19．H
20．C
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了维基百科之所以如此享有声誉的原因。
11．
考查名词复数。句意：维基百科是互联网上最受欢迎的参考网站，每天收到数千万次点击。tens of millions of +可数名词复数，意为“几千万、数以千万计”，复数名词hits (点击)符合句意。故选F项。
12．
考查形容词。句意：和大多数乌托邦思想一样，多年来，业余百科全书的想法被当作一个笑话。形容词amateur (业余的)作定语，修饰名词encyclopedia，符合句意。故选B项。
13．
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：即使是现在，在众多学术研究强调了维基百科的可靠性之后，维基百科仍然缺乏像《大英百科全书》这样更老牌的百科全书的严肃性和权威性，这些百科全书是由学术专家有偿编撰的。此处缺乏谓语，讲述现在事实，主语Wikipedia是单数，主动语态，谓语动词lack用一般现在时的单数形式，lacks (缺乏)符合句意。故选J项。
14．
考查过去分词。句意：随着社交媒体网站因审查、“假新闻”和虚假信息而受到批评，它的声誉比以往任何时候都高。从句主语social media sites和从句谓语动词criticize是被动关系，结合are可知，用一般现在时的被动语态（are done），过去分词criticized (被批评)符合句意。故选K项。
15．
考查形容词。句意：一种解释可能是其审慎的决定。形容词deliberate (深思熟虑的、审慎的)作定语，修饰名词decisions，符合句意。故选I项。
16．
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：对于那些无心之过，维基百科与其他参考著作相比，做得要好。此处缺乏谓语，讲述现在事实，主语Wikipedia是单数，主动语态，谓语动词compare用一般现在时的单数形式，compares (比较)符合句意。故选D项。
17．
考查过去分词。句意：该网站的开放性和受欢迎程度有助于确保阅读良好的文章中的错误通常被发现并迅速修复。从句主语errors和从句谓语动词spot是被动关系，结合are可知，用一般现在时的被动语态（are done），过去分词spotted (被发现)符合句意。故选E项。
18．
考查名词复数。句意：维基百科的非盈利性结构意味着它可以专注于读者和编辑的利益，而不必考虑广告商的需求。the 　　8　　 of advertisers是名词所有格结构，复数名词demands (需求)符合句意。故选A项。
19．
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：维基媒体基金会执行董事兼首席执行官Katherine Maher估计，维基百科编辑的80%左右是男性，偏向于北美洲和欧洲。此处缺乏谓语，讲述现在事实，主语Katherine Maher是第三人称，主动语态，谓语动词estimate用一般现在时的单数形式，estimates (估计)符合句意。故选H项。
20．
考查形容词。句意：她说，维基百科仍具备明显的理想主义倾向，改变目前的现状对于该项目的健康发展至关重要。形容词undimmed (明亮的、清楚的)作表语，符合句意。故选C项。
二、（2022·上海杨浦·二模）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．stimulation     B．scared     C．practice     D．frustrating     E. wandering
F. trusted     G. readily     H. respond     I. simply     J. stuff     K. grateful
The Benefits of Boredom

How did you feel on the last day of the term? Perhaps you were excited for an upcoming holiday, or ____21____ because morning lie-ins were now possible. Whatever you felt, you probably weren’t bored. As the weeks roll on, though, boredom has a way of catching you up. As ____22____ as this might feel, it can actually be good for you to be bored.
What happens when you are bored?
When you feel bored, your brain is ____23____ struggling to find something to activate its nerves. If it can’t find ____24____, for example, by watching television, your mind will look inwards. That’s when you daydream or you find your mind “____25____”. Scientists have found that daydreaming gives your brain the space to solve problems. It can also stir imagination, ideas and creativity.
Is boredom good for you?
Sandi Mann, who wrote a book called The Science of Boredom, believes that everyone should accept boredom ____26____. According to her research, “People who are bored are more creative.” Mann also says that accepting boredom means you’re less likely to become bored, “because the more new and exciting things we experience, the more we want, so we become less accepting of the boring ____27____.”
What if boredom makes you restless?
Learning how to accept and ____28____ to boredom is important. Many people find boredom to be an uncomfortable feeling. That’s OK—with ____29____, you can learn to “sit with” that feeling and to use it to find fun and meaningful activities to do. There’s also a difference between feeling bored from time to time and feeling indifferent or uninterested in things over a long period. If that happens, talk to a _____30_____ adult who will be able to help you.
【答案】21．K
22．D
23．G
24．A
25．E
26．I
27．J
28．H
29．C
30．F
【导语】
本文是说明文。文章主要讲述无聊的好处。
21．
考查形容词。句意：也许你会因为即将到来的假期感到兴奋，或者因为早上睡懒觉变得可能了而感激。分析句子可知，空格处为形容词，和前面的excited并列做表语，grateful“感激的”为形容词，符合句意。故选K。
22．
考查形容词。句意：虽然这感觉有点让人沮丧，但无聊对你来说还是有好处的。分析句子可知，空格处为feel后面的表语，修饰主语this所指代的前面的句子“As the weeks roll on, though, boredom has a way of catching you up”，frustrating“令人沮丧的”为形容词，符合句意。故选D。
23．
考查副词。句意：当你感到无聊的时候，你的大脑乐意去努力寻找某种东西来激活它的神经。分析句子可知，空格处为副词，修饰动词struggling，readily“乐意地，欣然地”为副词，符合句意。故选G。
24．
考查名词。句意：如果它不能找到刺激，比如，通过看电视，你的思想就会内视。分析句子可知，空格处为及物动词find的宾语，所以应该是名词，根据上文“struggling to find something to activate its nerves”可知，stimulation“刺激，启发”为名词，符合句意。故选A。
25．
考查非谓语动词。句意：那就是当你做白日梦或者你发现你的大脑“游荡”的时候。分析句子可知，空格处为及物动词find的宾补成分，对宾语your mind进行补充说明，表示正在进行的动作，wandering“游荡；漫游；漫步”为动词的现在分词形式，可以表示动作正在进行，符合句意。故选E。
26．
考查副词。句意：Sandi mann 写了一本书叫做《无聊的科学》他认为每个人都确实应该接受无聊。分析句子可知，空格处为副词，修饰动词accept，simply“确实”为副词，符合句意。故选I。
27．
考查名词。句意：因为我们经历的新鲜刺激的事情越多，我们想要的就越多，所以我们越不能接受无聊的东西。分析句子可知，空格处为名词，被前面的形容词boring修饰，stuff“东西”为名词，符合句意。故选J。
28．
考查动词。句意：学习如何接受并回应无聊是很重要的。分析句子可知，空格处为动词，和前面的动词accept并列，respond“做出回应”为动词，符合句意。故选H。
29．
考查名词。句意：那没关系——多加练习，你可以学会与那种感觉“坐在一起”，并利用它找到乐趣和有意义的活动来做。分析句子可知，空格处为介词with后面的宾语，所以填名词，practice“练习”为名词，符合句意。故选C。
30．
考查形容词。句意：如果这发生了，和一个能够帮助你的可信赖的成年人说说。分析句子可知，空格处为形容词，做定语，修饰后面的名词adult，trusted“可信赖的”为形容词，符合句意。故选F。
三、（2022·上海市第二中学模拟预测）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．boasting       B．brand        C．background        D．visible          AB．show   AC．sweeping
AD．appeal       BC．longing     BD．identification   CD．influential   ABC．including
Attraction of the MinionsWhen it comes to film, people usually favor good over evil, focus on the hero and ignore the supporting characters. But when it comes to the Minions, these conventions (惯例) go right out of the window.
Originally comedic ____31____ characters in the film Despicable Me, these yellow pill-shaped nuts, have totally stolen the ____32____ and turned into a popular figure.
This summer the characters featured in their own self-titled movie in theaters abroad, ____33____ the second biggest opening weekend of all time for a cartoon film according to USA Today. Recently, McDonald’s has been ____34____ Minion toys with kids’ meals in some areas, causing loyal fans to flock to the restaurant to collect them all. Related video games, toys and other goods are ____35____ the world.
So what makes the banana-loving Minions a big hit? For many, the ____36____ is obviously their cuteness. Their simple nature can easily surpass cultures and age groups. Even children can draw them. Thousands of examples of fan-made Minion art from fingernails to Halloween clothes are ____37____ on global social media platforms.
But there’s more to the phenomenon than just cuteness. US entertainment website Hit Fix explains that their way of communicating makes the creatures ____38____ as well. They largely speak in nonsense words with the occasional recognizable terms like “potato”. But it seems everyone can understand them through their exaggerated (夸张的) movements and expressions.
More importantly, their childlike mannerism is a(n) ____39____ of humor that wins hearts. “Clumsy, foolish Minions are recognized as the ultimate B personalities,” wrote Peter Debruge of US entertainment magazine Variety.
They desire nothing more than to serve their most despicable master. And this evil characteristic arouses ____40____ among humans. “Perhaps we love Minions because they remind us of ourselves,” Huffington Post associate Web editor Sara Boboltz wrote, “or an evil version of ourselves.”
【答案】31．C
32．AB
33．A
34．ABC
35．AC
36．AD
37．D
38．CD
39．B
40．BD
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《神偷奶爸》里小黄人角色大火的现象，以及背后的原因。
31．
考查名词。句意：这些黄色药丸形状的坚果原本是电影《神偷奶爸》中的喜剧背景角色，但它们完全抢尽了风头，变成了一个受欢迎的人物。形容词comedic后应接名词，根据常识和“these yellow pill-shaped nuts”可知，小黄人是电影《神偷奶爸》中的配角，background符合题意，background character“配角，背景角色”。故选C。
32．
考查名词。句意：这些黄色药丸形状的坚果原本是电影《神偷奶爸》中的喜剧背景角色，但它们完全抢尽了风头，变成了一个受欢迎的人物。空处应填名词作stolen的宾语，结合常识和“turned into a popular figure.”可知，小黄人的角色抢尽风头，名词show符合题意，steel the show“出风头，抢镜”。故选AB。
33．
考查非谓语动词。句意：据《今日美国》报道，今年夏天，这些卡通人物在他们自己的同名电影中亮相，并获得了动画电影史上首映周末票房第二高的成绩。结合句意表示“夸耀；拥有”用动词boast，句中已有谓语动词featured且无连词，故此处应用非谓语动词作状语，boast和逻辑主语movie之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故选A。
34．
考查动词和时态。句意：最近，麦当劳在一些地区的儿童餐中加入了小黄人玩具，忠实粉丝们蜂拥到餐厅收集这些玩具。结合句意表达“加入，把……列为”应用动词include；根据has been可知，空处应填include的现在分词形式构成现在完成进行时，including符合题意。故选ABC。
35．
考查动词和时态。句意：相关的电子游戏、玩具和其他商品正在席卷全球。结合句意表达“席卷”用sweep，根据语境和are可知，此处应用sweep的现在分词形式构成现在进行时，表示目前正在发生的动作，故sweeping符合题意。故选AC。
36．
考查名词。句意：对许多人来说，它们的吸引力显然是可爱。根据the可知空处应填名词作主语，结合句意表达“吸引力”应用appeal，抽象名词不可数。故选AD。
37．
考查形容词。句意：在全球的社交媒体平台上，可以看到成千上万的粉丝制作的小黄人艺术品，从指甲到万圣节服装。结合句意表达“看得见的，可见的”应用visible，此处为形容词作表语。故选D。
38．
考查形容词。句意：美国娱乐网站Hit Fix解释说，它们的沟通方式也让它们颇具影响力。结合句意表达“有影响力的”应用influential，此处为形容词作宾补。故选CD。
39．
考查名词。句意：更重要的是，他们孩子气的举止是一种赢得人心的幽默。空前不定冠词提示空处应填名词单数形式，结合句意表达“一种幽默”用a brand of humor，故名词brand符合题意。故选B。
40．
考查名词。句意：这种邪恶的特征引起了人类的认同。空处应填名词作arouse的宾语，结合句意表达“认同”用identification，抽象概念，不可数。故选BD。
四、（2021·上海·复旦附中模拟预测）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．instinct；B．confidence；C．outlined；D．slogans
AB．spin；AC．lists；AD．illustrated；BC．conviction
BD．contrast；CD．practice；ABC．demonstrate
The success of a speech is often attributed to the skill of the speaker, with merit being given to speakers who are confident, articulate, knowledgeable and able to deliver a speech with ___41___.But often it is not the speakers who write these moving speeches, it is a speechwriter. And one industry in which this ___42___ is common is that of politics. So what does it take to be a political speechwriter?
Well, according to a recent job advertisement from the US Embassy in Britain, a political speechwriter needs to have exceptional interpersonal skills, be detail-oriented and able to ___43___ a deep knowledge of their subject. They must also work closely with speakers and be able to relate to their style.
Some believe that the best speechwriters have an inherent talent, a natural creative ___44___, and that speechwriting is an art form. So what about those of us who do not possess such genius? Can we still produce successful speeches?
In an interview with the BBC, Dr. Max Atkinson (a communications specialist) ___45___ a number of speechwriting techniques. He also ___46___ how these techniques have been used in historic speeches.
One such technique is introducing ___47___. This is extremely useful when presenting a positive ___48___ on a negative issue. One of the most famous examples of this can be seen in a speech given by former American President John F Kennedy: “Ask not what your country can do for you but what you can do for your country.”
Another technique is the use of three-part ___49___. Dr. Atkinson explains that this can be an excellent way of adding finality or confirming a statement. Former British Prime Minister Tony Blair was a fan of this technique. One of his most famous campaign ___50___ was “education, education, education.”
So next time you have to prepare a speech or presentation, try applying one or more of these techniques and see it you have what it takes to be a winning speechwriter.
【答案】41．BC
42．CD
43．ABC
44．A
45．C
46．AD
47．BD
48．AB
49．AC
50．D
【导语】
本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了成为一名政治演讲稿撰写人所需具备的天赋和能力，以及马克斯·阿特金森博士介绍的一些演讲稿写作技巧，如“引入对比”、“三句式排比”的运用。
41．
考查名词。句意：演讲的成功往往归功于演讲者的技巧，那些自信、能言善辩、知识渊博、能够信心十足地发表演讲的演讲者是有优势的。设空处在介词with后，应用名词形式。conviction意为“确信，深信”，此处 deliver a speech with conviction，意为“有信心地发表演讲”。故选BC项。
42．
考查名词。句意：在一个行业中，这种做法很常见，那就是政界。根据上一句“But often it is not the speakers who write these moving speeches, it is a speechwriter. (但这些感人的演讲往往不是演讲者写的，而是演讲稿撰写人写的)”可知，设空处指代上一句中的“演讲稿不是演讲者写的，另有撰写人”。this后应用名词，practice作名词，意为“通常的做法，惯例”，符合语意。故选CD项。
43．
考查动词。句意：根据美国驻英国大使馆最近的一则招聘广告，一名政治演讲稿撰写人需要具备非凡的人际交往能力，注重细节，并能够展现出对演讲主题的深刻了解。be able to后接动词原形，应填demonstrate，意为“表达；表露；表现；显露”；demonstrate a deep knowledge of ...，意为“表现出对……的深刻了解”，符合语意。故选ABC项。
44．
考查名词。句意：有些人认为，最好的演讲稿撰写人有一种与生俱来的天赋，一种天生的创作本能，演讲稿撰写是一种艺术形式。设空处前a natural creative，表明设空处应用名词。名词instinct，意为“本能，天赋”，此处a natural creative instinct，作同位语，解释an inherent talent。故选A项。
45．
考查动词。句意：在接受BBC采访时，马克斯·阿特金森博士，一位沟通专家，概述了一些演讲稿写作技巧。设空处为句子的谓语动词，陈述过去发生的事，用一般过去时态；根据语境，设空处应用动词outlined，意为“概述”，在采访中，专家提纲挈领，简单陈述了几个技巧。outlined符合语意，故选C项。
46．
考查动词。句意：他还举例说明了这些技巧在历史性的演讲中是如何使用的。设空处为谓语动词，陈述过去发生的事，用一般过去时态；设空处应用动词illustrated，意为“（用示例）说明，解释”，符合语意。故选AD项。
47．
考查名词。句意：其中一种方法就是引入对比。设空处在动词introducing之后，应用名词形式，作宾语。根据下文“This is extremely useful when presenting a positive 　　8　　　 on a negative issue.(当在一个消极的问题上提出一个积极的观点时，这是非常有用的)”可知，“积极”与”消极“形成对比，设空处应用名词contrast，意为“对比，反差”，符合语意。故选BD项。
48．
考查名词。句意：当在一个消极的问题上提出一个积极的观点时，这是非常有用的。设空处前为presenting a positive，设空处应用名词形式，作presenting的宾语；名词spin，意为“带倾向性的解释（或说法）；（政治上的）倾向性报道”，符合语意。故选AB项。
49．
考查名词。句意：另一种技巧是使用三句式排比。设空处在of后，被three-part 修饰，应用名词复数形式，根据本段下文“Former British Prime Minister Tony Blair was a fan of this technique. One of his most famous campaign 　　10　　　was “education, education, education.(英国前首相托尼·布莱尔就是这种技巧的粉丝。他最著名的竞选口号之一是“教育，教育，教育。”)”，名词短语three-part lists，意为“三句式排比”，lists符合语意。故选AC项。
50．
考查名词。句意：他最著名的竞选口号之一是“教育，教育，教育。”one of 修饰名词复数，根据语境，设空处应用slogans，campaign slogans，意为“竞选口号”，符合语意。故选D项。
五、Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．represents          B．sought          C．contributors            D．deposits            E. appealing          
F. track G. breakthrough       H. woven        I. far-reaching             J. executive          K. deliveries
Why This Could Be Critical Year For Electric CarsBooming in a depressed market, battery-powered vehicles are a plus for the climate but pose a big threat to carmakers and parts suppliers that are slow to change.
Sales of cars powered solely by batteries greatly increased in the United Sates, Europe and China last year, while ____51____of fossil fuel vehicles showed little growth. Demand for electric cars is so strong that manufacturers are requiring buyers to put down____52____months in advance. And some models are effectively sold out for the next two years.
Battery-powered cars are having a ____53____moment and will enter the mainstream this years as automakers begin selling electric versions of one of Americans’ favorite vehicle type: pickup trucks. Their arrival ____54____the biggest disruption, in the auto industry since Henry Ford introduced the Model T in 1908 and could have ____55____consequences for factory workers, businesses and the environment. Tailpipe (排气管) emissions are among the largest ____56____to climate change.
The auto industry is on ____57____to invest half a trillion dollars in the next five years to make the transition to electric vehicles, Wed-bush Securities, an investment firm, estimate. That money will be spent to refit and build factories, train workers, write software, upgrade dealerships and more. Companies are planning more than a dozen new electric car and battery factories just in the United Sates.
“It’s one of the biggest industrial transformations probably in the history of capitalism,” Scott Keogh, chief ____58____of Volkswagen Group of America, said in an interview. “The investments are massive, and the mission is massive.”
Over time, battery ingredients like lithium (哩), nickel (镍) and cobalt (钴) could become more ____59____after than oil. Prices for these materials are already skyrocketing, which could limit sales in the short term by driving up the cost electric cars.
The transition could also be limited by the lack of places plug in electric cars, which has made the vehicles less _____60_____to people who drive long distances or apartment residents who can’t charge at home. There are fewer than 50,000 public charging stations in the United States. The infrastructure bill than Congress passed in November-includes $7.5 billion for 500,000 new chargers, although experts say even than number is too small.
【答案】51．K
52．D
53．G
54．A
55．I
56．C
57．F
58．J
59．B
60．E
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了电动汽车日趋流行，并分析了它给汽车市场和相关行业带来的冲击和影响。
51．
考查名词。句意：去年，在美国、欧洲和中国，纯电池驱动汽车的销量大幅增长，而化石燃料汽车的交付却几乎没有增长。分析句子可知，设空处应填入名词，作分句主语，结合句意和选项，应使用名词deliveries，表示“化石燃料汽车的交付”与上文“Sales of cars powered solely by batteries (纯电池驱动汽车的销量)”形成对比，符合句意。故选K项。
52．
考查名词。句意：电动汽车的需求如此强劲，以至于制造商要求买家提前几个月预付定金。设空处作put down的宾语，应用名词，结合句意和句中“requiring buyers to put down”和“in advance”可知，制造商要求提前预付定金，deposits意为“定金”，符合句意。故选D项。
53．
考查名词。句意：电池驱动的汽车正迎来一个突破性的时刻，今年将进入主流市场，因为汽车制造商开始销售美国人最喜欢的车型之一——皮卡的电动版。根据空格前冠词可知，应填入单数名词作宾语，结合选项和“will enter the mainstream this years”可知，应填入名词breakthrough，意为“取得突破”，符合句意。故选G项。
54．
考查动词。句意：他们的到来是自1908年亨利•福特(Henry Ford)推出T型车(Model T)以来，汽车行业面临的最大冲击，可能会对工厂工人、企业和环境产生深远影响。分析句子可知，设空处是主句谓语动词，结合句意和选项可知，应填入动词represents，意为“代表，象征”，符合句意。故选A项。
55．
考查形容词。句意：他们的到来是自1908年亨利•福特(Henry Ford)推出T型车(Model T)以来，汽车行业面临的最大冲击，可能会对工厂工人、企业和环境产生深远影响。结合句意和选项可知，应填入形容词far-reaching作定语，修饰名词consequences，意为“深远的影响”，符合句意。故选I项。
56．
考查名词。句意：尾气排放是造成气候变化的最大因素之一。根据空格前形容词largest可知，应填入名词，作宾语，结合常识可知，尾气排放是造成气候变化的最大因素之一，名词contributors表示“促成物，因素”，符合句意。故选C项。
57．
考查名词。句意：据投资公司Wed-bush Securities估计，汽车行业将在未来五年内投资5000亿美元，以实现向电动汽车的过渡。根据句意和选项，应填入名词track作宾语，构成短语on track to...意为“在走向……的道路上”，符合句意。故选F项。
58．
考查名词。句意：“这可能是资本主义历史上最大的工业变革之一，” 美国大众集团(Volkswagen Group of America)首席执行官斯科特·基奥(Scott Keogh)在接受采访时说。根据句意和空格前形容词chief可知，应填入名词executive构成名词词组chief executive，意为“董事长”，符合句意。故选J项。
59．
考查形容词短语。句意：随着时间的推移，锂、镍和钴等电池原料可能会比石油更受追捧。sought after为形容词短语，意为“受追捧的，广受欢迎的”，结合常识和上文可知，纯电池驱动汽车的流行会导致对电池原料需求的提升，所以相关原料会更受追捧，符合句意。故选B项。
60．
考查形容词。句意：这种转变也可能受到充电电动汽车场所不足的限制，这使得电动汽车对长距离驾驶的人或无法在家充电的公寓居民的吸引力降低。根据“the lack of places plug in electric cars”可知，充电电动汽车场所不足会导致电动汽车吸引力降低，形容词appealing意为“吸引人的”，与less构成否定表达，符合句意。故选E项。
六、Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A question B．favor   C．satisfaction   D．claims   E. acceptable F. general   G. employed   H. expected I. recommend J. threaten   K. promise   
When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer’s ____61____, the first step is to present the warranty (保修卡), or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain ____62____.A simple and common method ____63____ by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the “higher up” his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer’s ____64____, supposing he or she has a just claim. Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is ____65____ to phone or write the complaint in a letter.
Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in ____66____. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making ____67____ statements. For example, “The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear” is better than “This stereo does not work”.
The store manager may ____68____ the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and firmly as possible. If a polite complaint does not achieve the ____69____ result, the consumer can go to a step further. She or he can _____70_____to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumer’s rights.
【答案】61．D
62．C
63．G
64．B
65．E
66．A
67．F
68．I
69．H
70．J
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些消费者维权的方法。
61．
考查名词。句意：当消费者发现她或他购买的商品有问题或在其他方面不符合制造商的要求时，第一步是在购买商店出示保修书或任何其他可能有帮助的记录。根据上文live up to the manufacturer’s，结合句意表示“要求”可知应填复数名词claims，作宾语。故填claims。故选D。
62．
考查名词。句意：然而，如果不是这样，消费者可以使用各种手段来获得满足。根据上文there are various means the consumer may use to gain，结合句意表示“满足”应填名词satisfaction，作宾语，不可数。故填satisfaction。故选C。
63．
考查动词。句意：许多消费者采用的一种简单而常见的方法是直接向商店经理投诉。根据上文A simple and common method，以及句意“采用”可知应用过去分词employed作后置定语。故填employed。故选G。
64．
考查名词。句意：在这种情况下，假定消费者有正当的要求，通常会以有利于消费者的方式解决。根据上文it is usually settled in the consumer’s，以及句意“有利于”可知应填名词favor，作宾语。故填favor。故选B。
65．
考查形容词。句意：消费者应该尽可能亲自投诉，但如果他们无法到达购买地点，可以打电话或写信投诉。作表语，结合句意表示“可接受的”可知应填形容词acceptable。故填acceptable。故选E。
66．
考查名词。句意：当消费者礼貌而坚定地投诉时，通常是最有效的，尤其是当消费者能够证明有问题的商品出了什么问题时。根据上文what is wrong with the item in，以及句意“有问题”可知应填名词question，作宾语。故填question。故选A。
67．
考查形容词。句意：如果做不到这一点，消费者最好是通过提供具体的信息来说明问题，而不是笼统的陈述。修饰后文名词statements，结合句意表示“笼统的”应用形容词general，作定语。故填general。故选F。
68．
考查动词。句意：商店经理可以建议消费者写信给制造商。根据后文the consumer to write to the manufacturer，以及句意“建议”可知应填动词recommend，may后跟动词原形。故填recommend。故选I。
69．
考查形容词。句意：如果礼貌的投诉没有达到预期的效果，消费者可以更进一步。修饰后文名词result，结合句意表示“预期的”应用形容词expected，作定语。故填expected。故选H。
70．
考查动词。句意：她或他可以威胁将卖方告上法庭，或向负责保护消费者权利的私人或公共组织举报卖方。根据后文to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumer’s rights，以及句意“威胁”可知应填动词threaten，can后跟动词原形。故填threaten。故选J。
七、Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．swift B．drive C．impose D．restoration E. selective F. identifying
G. research. H. shelter        I. generating       J. extreme. K. addition
If corals go, divers and marine biologists are not the only people who will miss them. Reefs take up a fraction of a percent of the sea floor, but support a quarter of the planet’s fish biodiversity. The fish that reefs ____71____ are especially valuable to their poorest human neighbours, many of whom depend on them as a source of protein. Roughly an eighth of the world’s population lives within 100km of a reef. Corals also protect 150,000km of shoreline in more than 100 countries and territories from the ocean’s buffeting, as well as ____72____ billions of dollars in tourism revenue. In the Coral Triangle, an area of water stretching across South-East Asia and into the Pacific which is home to three-quarters of known coral species, more than 130m people rely on reefs for food and for their livelihoods in fishing and tourism.Measures to mitigate climate change are needed regardless of coral, but even if the world’s great powers were to put their shoulder to the problem, global warming would not be brought to a ____73____ halt. Coral systems must adapt if they are to survive, and governments in countries with reefs can help them do so.
Corals need protection from local sources of harm. Their ecosystems suffer from coastal run-off, whether sewage or waste from farms, as well as the sediment dumped from beach-front building sites. Plastic and other debris block sunlight and spread hostile bacteria. Governments need to ____74____ tighter rules on these industries, such as tougher local building codes, and to put more effort into enforcing rules against overfishing.
Many reefs that have been damaged could benefit from ____75____. Coral’s biodiversity offers hope, because the same coral will grow differently under different conditions. Corals of the western Pacific near Indonesia, for example, can withstand higher temperatures than the same species in the eastern Pacific near Hawaii. It seems that ____76____ the hardiest types and encouraging them to grow in new spots is a way forward, though an expensive one. A massive project of this sort is under way in Saudi Arabia as part of a tourism ____77____.
More drastic intervention to head off the larger threats corals face should also attract more ____78____. Shading reefs using a polymer film as a sunscreen to cool them is under discussion for parts of the Great Barrier Reef. Other schemes to help corals involve genetic engineering, ____79____ breeding and brightening the clouds in the sky above an area of the reef by spraying specks of salt into the lowest ones, so that they deflect more of the sun’s energy. These measures may sound _____80_____, but people need to get used to thinking big. Dealing with the problems caused by climate change will call for some radical ideas.
【答案】71．H
72．I
73．A
74．C
75．D
76．F
77．B
78．G
79．E
80．J
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。主题为人与自然。介绍了珊瑚在海洋生态中的重要性，并且指出目前珊瑚面临威胁，需要我们全力保护，政府和科学家已经在行动。
71．
考查动词。句意：珊瑚礁所庇护的鱼类对它们最贫穷的人类邻居特别有价值，许多人依赖它们作为蛋白质的来源。分析句子，该空需要一个动词在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，前面已经用support表示珊瑚礁养活着很多鱼类，同时珊瑚礁也为这些鱼类提供家园，庇佑着他们。shelter意为“庇佑，保护”符合句意。故选H项。
72．
考查非谓语动词。句意：珊瑚还保护了100多个国家和地区15万公里的海岸线免受海洋的冲击，并创造了数十亿美元的旅游收入。前面说到珊瑚礁保护了海岸线，as well as 列举了另一个好处，根据空后宾语为数亿美元，可知是珊瑚礁在旅游业方面也为当地带来了巨大的经济收入。generating意为“产生”符合句意。故选I项。
73．
考查形容词。句意：无论珊瑚怎么样，减缓气候变化的措施都是必要的，但即使世界上的大国都愿意解决这个问题，全球变暖也不会迅速停止。分析句子，空前为冠词a，空后为名词halt可知该空需要一个形容词作定语，halt意为“停止”，该句为否定句，表示全球变暖问题不会很快停止，swift意为“迅速的”符合句意。故选A项。
74．
考查动词。句意：政府需要对这些行业实施更严格的规定，比如更严格的地方建筑法规，并在执行禁止过度捕捞的规定上投入更多努力。分析句子，由空前need to 可知该空需要一个动词原形，其宾语为名词短语tighter rules，impose意为“强制执行，大力推行”符合句意。故选C项。
75．
考查名词。句意：许多被破坏的珊瑚礁可以从修复中受益。分析句子，该空需要一个名词作benefit from的宾语；若是珊瑚礁被修复，被破坏的珊瑚就会受益。名词restoration意为“修复，恢复”符合句意。故选D项。
76．
考查动名词。句意：似乎确定最艰难最严重的品种并鼓励它们在新的地方生长是一种前进的方法，尽管这是一种昂贵的方法。分析句子，该空需要一个动名词作主语；根据句意，要找出被破坏最严重的珊瑚种类，然后才能去在别的地方培植，identifying意为“鉴定，确认身份”符合句意。故选F项。
77．
考查动词。句意：作为旅游业发展的一部分，沙特阿拉伯正在进行一个大规模的这类项目。分析句子，该空需要一个名词作介词of的宾语；根据句意，该国在进行珊瑚礁在新的地方进行培植，这应是驱动促进旅游业的发展，drive可做名词意为“驱动力”符合句意。故选B项。
78．
考查名词。句意：为了防止珊瑚面临更大的威胁而采取的更激进的干预措施也应该会吸引更多的研究。分析句子，该空需要一个名词作attract的宾语，上文对珊瑚礁的恢复和重新培植是相关人员做的研究，今后还应该会有更多的研究，下文的“genetic engineering, selective breeding and brightening the clouds”也是一些研究。名词research符合句意。故选G项。
79．
考查形容词。句意：其他帮助珊瑚的计划包括基因工程、选择性繁殖和通过在珊瑚礁上空最低处喷洒盐来照亮云层，从而使更多的太阳能量转向。分析句子，该空需要一个形容词作定语修饰名词breeding；科研人员对珊瑚礁的培育繁殖，应该是有选择性的，形容词selective符合句意。故选E项。
80．
考查形容词。句意：这些措施听起来可能有些极端，但人们需要习惯从大局出发。应对气候变化引起的问题需要一些激进的想法。分析句子，该空需要一个形容词作表语，形容这些措施听起来有些极端，后面的think big和radical皆与extreme意义一致，符合句意。故选J项。
八、（2021·上海·复旦附中期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．documenting     B．resigned   C．viral     D．sensation     E. rooted   F. rarely
G. appeal       H. reassured   I. fixed   J. waking     K. marvelously
A Chinese "Auntie" Went on a Solo Road Trip. Now, She's a Feminist IconSuMin, a 56-year-old retiree from Henan province in central China, has never been happier. "I've been a wife, a mother and a grandmother," Su said. "I came out this time to find myself."
After fulfilling her family's expectations of dutiful Chinese womanhood, Su is embracing a new identity: fearless road-tripper and internet ___81___. For six months, she has been on a solo drive across China, ___82___ her journey for more than 1.35 million followers across several social media platforms.
Her main ___83___ is not the scenic vistas she captures, although those are plentiful. It is the intimate revelations she mixes in with them, about her abusive marriage, dissatisfaction with domestic life and newfound freedom. Her blunt but vulnerable demeanor has made Su— a former factory worker with a high school education — an accidental feminist icon of a sort ___84___ seen in China.
Her unexpected popularity speaks to the collision of two major forces in Chinese society: the rapid spread of the internet and a flourishing awareness of gender equality in a country where traditional gender roles are still deeply ___85___, especially among older generations.
Still, Su said, she never considered a divorce, worried about a social stigma that is still pervasive in much of China. She ___86___ herself to her life at home. Then, in late 2019, she came across a video online of someone introducing their camping gear while on a solo road trip. She remembered her childhood dream of driving — the freedom and comfort it had represented. Soon, she made up her mind to embark on a trip of her own. Her family was resistant. Su ___87___ her daughter that she would be safe. She ignored her husband, who she said mocked her.
On September 24, she ___88___ her tent to the top of the car, packed a mini-fridge and rice cooker, and set off from her home in the city of Zhengzhou. She posted video updates as she drove, and in October, one of them went ___89___ on Douyin, the Chinese TikTok.
In her videos, she marvelled at her newfound freedom. She could drive as fast as she wanted, brake as hard as she liked. Still, Su blushes when asked about her new fame. She also says she is not yet qualified to claim the mantle of feminist. "It took me so many years to realize that I had to live for myself." She paused: "It's something I'm ____90____ up to, not something that I just am."
【答案】81．D
82．A
83．G
84．F
85．E
86．B
87．H
88．I
89．C
90．J
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了56岁的退休人员苏敏，在完成了家人对中国女性的期望后，成为无畏的公路旅行者和网络红人，并成为了一种在中国罕见的女权主义偶像。
81．
考查名词。句意：在完成了家人对中国女性的期望后，苏敏开始接受一个新身份：无畏的公路旅行者和网络红人。根据后文“for more than 1.35 million followers across several social media platforms”(几个社交媒体平台上的135万多粉丝)可知，苏敏在网上粉丝很多，可推断她的新身份包括网络红人；internet sensation意为“网络红人”，符合句意。故选D项。
82．
考查非谓语动词。句意：六个月来，她一直在中国独自驾车旅行，记录她的旅行，与几个社交媒体平台上的135万多粉丝互动。分析句子成分和句子结构可知，句中已有系动词has been，无连词，可推断这是一个简单句，所以设空处是非谓语动词；现在分词documenting意为“记录”，符合句意。故选A项。
83．
考查名词。句意：她的主要吸引力不是她捕捉的风景，尽管这些风景很多。分析句子成分可知，系动词is前面缺少主语，可推断设空处充当主语；appeal作名词时意为“吸引力”，符合句意。故选G项。
84．
考查副词。句意：她直率而脆弱的行为举止让曾经是一名高中学历的工厂工人的苏偶然成为了一种在中国罕见的女权主义偶像。分析句子可知，空格处应为动词seen的修饰成分，副词rarely，意为“罕见地” ，修饰句子，作状语，符合句意。故选F项。
85．
考查形容词。句意：在中国，传统的性别角色仍根深蒂固，尤其是在老一辈人中。根据设空前的deeply及are可推断，此处要用形容词；rooted意为“根深蒂固的”，符合句意。故选E项。
86．
考查动词，句意：她屈服于家庭生活。分析句子成分和句子结构可知，设空处充当句子的谓语动词，且根据句意可知，句子描述的是过去的事件，所以设空处要用动词的过去式；resigned意为“放弃”，构成短语resign oneself to意为“屈服于……”，符合句意。故选B项。
87．
考查动词。句意：苏向女儿保证她会很安全。她无视她的丈夫，她说他嘲笑她。分析句子成分和句子结构可知，that在句中引导宾语从句，主句缺少谓语动词，且句子描述的是过去的事件，所以设空处要用动词的过去式；reassured意为“使……安心”，符合句意。故选H项。
88．
考查动词。句意：9月24日，她把帐篷固定在车顶，带上迷你冰箱和电饭锅，从郑州的家出发了。根据设空后的packed及并列连词and后的set off可知，设空处也要填动词的过去式；fixed意为“固定，安装”，符合句意。故选I项。
89．
考查形容词。句意：她一边开车一边更新视频，今年10月，其中一段视频在抖音上疯传。设空前的went意为“变得”，为系动词，可推断设空处要填形容词，充当表语；viral意为“病毒的”，此处引申为“像病毒一样传播”，符合句意。故选C项。
90．
考查动词。句意：这是我逐渐意识到的事情，而不是我本来的样子。分析句子成分和句子结构可知，句中含有省略了关系代词that的定语从句，从句I'm ___9___up to中缺少实义动词，与am构成现在进行时；waking意为“醒来”，此处引申为“意识到”，符合句意。故选J项。