专题05 阅读理解B篇-2022年高三毕业班英语大题满分练（上海专用）

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专题05 阅读理解B篇（原卷版）高考考点命题分析备考建议三年高考探源考查频率阅读理解B篇应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人简介、商品说明与介绍、新闻报道等，形式多样，题材各异，如图示、表格等。英语《考试说明》对＂读＂的能力要求之一是：要求考生读懂一般性话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中的简短文章并能识别不同文体的特征。研读近年上海高考试题可以看出，应用文是高考阅读理解命题的重要体裁之一。从命题形式上来看，应用文阅读常考细节理解题。          阅读方法：观大结构(大标题，文章首段，小标题， 说明/备注， 特殊符号)主旨题：大标题 + 文章首段细节/推理题：小标题， 说明/备注， 特殊符号注：细节/推理题应先确定考查哪个小标题，再找具体的原句         答题方法：顺序定位法段落定位法(串段选项为错误选项)题干关键词定位法选项关键词定位法选项分析法(反义选项， 比较选项等)2021、2020、2019第60-62题★★★2019年上海高考英语真题(B)Geographers are interested in the spatial patterns observed on earth. Bridging the natural and social sciences, Geography is the interdisciplinary study of environments and how people interact with the environment. It is important to study geography because many of the world's problems require understanding the interdependence between human activities and the environment. Geography is therefore a beneficial major for students because its theories and methods provide them with analytical skills relevant to occupations focused on solving social and environmental problems. The Department of Geography offers eight majors that help students tailor their focus of study.The Geography—Globalization and Development major will provide students with a sophisticated understanding of contemporary global issues and a geographical framework for analyzing key issues involved in national and international development. Reflecting the discipline of geography as a whole, this major emphasizes an integrated approach to studying the relationship of global change to individual and community well-being by combining the benefits of area studies with theoretical and topical investigations in the curriculum.Our department is committed to excellence in both teaching and advising. Several of our faculty members have received teaching awards, and we are known across campus for the quality of our advising. As a geography major, you will meet one-on-one with your faculty advisor every semester during advising week, and you are always welcome to talk with your advisor at any time throughout the semester whenever questions may arise. In addition to advising our students about their academic programs, we provide timely information about internships, nationally competitive awards, and other opportunities as they arise. Many of our students complete internships and several of our students over the last few years have received nationally competitive awards.For more information about our program, please visit our website, or contact our Undergraduate Chair, whose information is listed above. Admissions InformationFreshmen/First-Year AdmissionNo requirements beyond University admission requirements.Change of Program PolicyNo selective or limited admission requirements.External Transfer AdmissionNo requirements beyond University admission requirements.Opportunities Upon GraduationWith a liberal arts degree in Geography—Globalization and Development, students are prepared for employment in a variety of fields, including non-profit and government work, particularly in the areas of community and international development. This degree will also prepare students well to work in the private sector in an international context. Graduates from this program will also be well situated to continue on to graduate school or law school, with research and professional interest in academic fields, including, but not limited to, geography, public affairs and policy, development studies, and community and regional planning.Browse through dozens of internship opportunities and full-time job postings for Ohio University students and alumni on Handshake, OHIO'S key resource for researching jobs, employers, workshops, and professional development events.40. Who can be selected as the target of the geography course in the passage?A. A freshman who has studied in a university.B. A college student majoring in geography.C. A senior high school graduate interested in geography.D. A high school graduate who wants to find a job.41. What are the advantages of choosing the geography major in this university in terms of employment?A. Acquiring skills to solve social and environmental problems.B. Understanding contemporary global issues.C. Getting one-on-one information on geography teaching.D. Achieving more international opportunities.42. Where is the most likely place to read this passage?A. In a magazine.B. On the university website.C. In a geographic journal.D. On the enrollment information network.2018年上海高考英语真题Moving a GiantThe logistics of excavating(挖掘)and relocating a town's century-old, living sequoia(红 杉)tree. Inhabitants of Boise, Idaho, watched with trepidation earlier this year as the city's oldest, tallest resident moved two blocks. The 105-year-old sequoia tree serves as a local landmark, not only for its longevity but also because renowned naturalist and Sierra Club cofounder John Muir provided the original seedling. So, when Saint Luke's Health System found that the 10-story-tall conifer(针叶树)stood stood in the way of its planned hospital expansion, officials called tree-moving firm Environmental Design.The Texas-based company has developed and patented scooping and lifting technology to move massive trees. Weighing in at more than 800,000 pounds, the Boise sequoia is its largest undertaking yet. "I (had) lost enough sleep over this," says David Cox, the company's Western region vice president—and that was before the hospital mentioned the tree's distinguished origin. Before the heavy lifting began, the team assessed the root system and dug a five-foot-deep cylinder, measuring 40 feet in diameter, around the trunk to protect all essential roots. After encapsulating the root ball in wire mesh, the movers allowed the tree to adapt to its new situation for seven months before relocating it. The illustration details what followed. —Leslie Nemo1. Mark A．Merit and his team at Environmental Design installed underneath the root ball a platform of seven-inch-diameter, 44-foot-long steelbars and, just below the rods, a first set of uninflated airbags (shown in gray). The team also dug a shallow ramp.2. In roughly 15 minutes, the movers inflated the airbags to about three feet in diameter to raise the root ball to the surface of the hole.3. By underinflating the front bags, the team allowed the platform carrying the tree to roll up the ramp and out of the hole while staying level. A trailer hauled the tree along as team members removed the airbags from the back of the platform and replaced them in the front. They repeated the process until the tree arrived at the edge of its new home.4. There a second set of partially inflated bags (shown in white) waited inside the hole. Soil surrounding the sequoia in its original location was relocated as well, because trees are more likely to survive a transplant when they move with their original soil.5. Using the first set of airbags, the movers rolled the platform into the new hole.6. The bags waiting there were then inflated further to take the weight of the sequoia while the transportation bags were deflated and removed from under the tree.7. The white bags were then deflated in about half an hour to lower the sequoia's root ball to the bottom of its hole. The bags were removed, but the metal bars were left with the tree because they rust and degrade over a number of years.8. For the next five years the local park service will monitor and maintain the tree in its new home.1．Which of the following words can be used to replace the words underlined " stood in the way of" ?A．Resisted. B．Balanced.C．Blocked. D．Promoted.2．What is the reason for the relocation of Sequoia trees?A．Because the Scooping and lifting technology should be put into use.B．Because it blocks local hospital expansion plans.C．Because it corresponds to government’s plan of Environmental Design.D．Because sequoia trees are over a hundred years old.3．How will the migrated sequoia trees be dealt with?A．They will be given new soil in the new living environment.B．Metal rods used to move sequoia trees will not be left on the trees.C．They will be kept in transport bags all the time.D．They will be managed by specialists in the next five years.一、Public Events at the Library of CongressThe Library of Congress offers these events to the public at its Washington location free of charge, except where otherwise noted. Schedules are subject to change. Check back to this site for the latest information. Individuals requiring accommodation for this event are requested to submit (提交) a request at least five business days in advance by contacting (202) 707-6362 or ADA@loc.govExhibition–World War I: American Artists View the Great War 8:30 am-4:30 pmAn exhibition showing how American artists aroused public interest in World War I will open next month at the Library of Congress. “World War I: American Artists View the Great War” will open on Saturday, April 7 in the Graphic Arts Galleries on the ground floor of the Library’s Thomas Jefferson Building. The exhibition is free and is open to the public Monday through Saturday, 8:30 am to 4:30 pm. It will remain open for a year, closing on April 6, 2018.Location: Jefferson Building, ground floor, Thomas Jefferson BuildingContact: (202) 707-6021Event–“Presidential Inauguration Treasures” 10:00 am–3:00 pmThe two-week display on inaugurations (就职典礼), at the Library of Congress, will feature presidential treasures: the handwritten speeches of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson and Abraham Lincoln and collections on the lighter side: menus, dance cards and souvenirs. The display will include newspapers, film clips, a demonstration of online resources and a challenging presidential history quiz. The display is free and open to the public.Location: Mahogany Row A (LJ113), 1st floor, Thomas Jefferson BuildingContact: (202) 707-2922Film–The NeverEnding Story (Warner Bros, 1984) 2:00 pm–4:00 pmBastian Balthazar Bux, a young boy bullied at school, dodges (躲避) his tormentors (折磨者) one day in an old book shop, where he discovers a mysterious book The NeverEnding Story.Location: Packard Campus Theater, Packard Campus BuildingContact: (202) 707-9994Concert–Jordi Savall and Hesperion XXI 8:00 pm–10:30 pmEarly music star Jordi Savall gathers exceptional performers, classical and traditional, to show the rich musical history of “La Serenissima” over a thousand years of empire. *PRE-CONCERT CONVERSATION 6:30 PM - Whittall Pavilion (no tickets required)*Location: Coolidge Auditorium, ground floor, Thomas Jefferson Building Contact: (202) 707-55024．According to the article, the public events at the Library of Congress ________.A．are all free and open to the public throughout the yearB．are presented in various forms like exhibitions and showsC．are only available for local residents of WashingtonD．have to be booked at least five days in advance5．Which of the following is TRUE about the exhibition about World War I?A．It is available to visitors seven day a week.B．It could help the public get a better understanding of World War I.C．American artists will be present at the exhibition to interact with visitors.D．Visitors interested in it can contact (202) 707-2922 for more information.6．Fans of ancient music are most likely to enjoy events held at ________.A．Jefferson Building, ground floor, Thomas Jefferson BuildingB．Mahogany Row A (LJ113), 1st floor, Thomas Jefferson BuildingC．Packard Campus Theater, Packard Campus BuildingD．Coolidge Auditorium, ground floor, Thomas Jefferson Building二、（2022·上海·华东师范大学第三附属中学高三阶段练习）USING YOUR SCORPIO COOKER: USEFUL HINTSFollow these useful hints to obtain the best results when using your new SCORPIO cooker. Choice of burnerUse a large burner to bring liquids to the boil quickly, and use a small one for stewed dishes and sauces.To conserve gas, place the pan centrally over the burner and adjust the flame so that it does not extend past the edges of the pan.Do not boil food too rapidly. A strong boil does not cook any faster but violently shakes up the food, which may then lose its taste.   flame too high — wastes gas flame not past edges of pan — conserves gasUtensilsAll normally available utensils (aluminum, stainless steel, cast iron, ceramic, etc.) may be used on your new gas cooker, but ensure that they are steady, in order to avoid dangerous spill-over of hot liquids.Caution: Large UtensilsWhen a cooker is installed close to a worktop, ensure that whenever large utensils are used, they are placed so that they do not overhand the side of hotplate, as this may cause scorching or charring of the worktop surface.OvenThere is a gradual change in temperature between the bottom and top of the oven. The first, or bottom, shelf position is the coolest and the fourth, or top, shelf position is the hottest. Because of the temperature change from one shelf position to another, it is possible to cook various dishes which require different temperatures, at the same time. As a rough guide, the temperature change from one shelf to the next is about ten degrees Celsius.Some recipes do not refer directly to temperature but use descriptions such as “slow”, “moderate”, “hot” etc. when using such recipes, the following chart may be taken as a guide:OVEN TEMPERATURESslow: 110℃warm: 130℃moderate: 150℃moderately hot: 180℃hot: 220℃very hot: 250℃If preheating is required, allow time for the oven to reach the set temperature. The following table may be used as a guide:PREHEATING3 minutes: 120℃6 minutes: 180℃10 minutes: 250℃Note that the oven light (where fitted) is located on the splash back. Storage drawer (where fitted)The storage drawer situated underneath the oven is designed for the storage of pans and utensils. Do not place plastic utensils or flammable material in this drawer. To remove the drawer, withdraw it to the fully open position. Then lift it dear of the stops. To refit the drawer, locate the nylon drawer slides on the slide tracks. Lift the drawer slightly to clear the stops, then slide it to the fully shut position.7．How do you conserve gas when using a Scorpio cooker?A．Make the flame as high as possible. B．Shake up the food.C．Keep the flame not past the pan edges. D．Make a strong boil.8．If you want to stew beef, you should________.A．use a large utensil B．use a small burnerC．cook it faster D．use a utensil made of stainless steel9．What can we put in the storage drawer underneath the oven?A．Pans and plastic utensils. B．Pans and non-flammable material.C．Utensils and flammable material. D．Pans and various dishes.三、（2021·上海市张堰中学二模）Spanish-American InstituteStudent Cub NotesFree and Low Cost Gyms, Health Clubs and PoolsNYC Department of Parks Recreation Centerswww.nycgovparks.orgRecreation Centers: The NYC Department of Parks has many Recreation Centers throughout New York City. Recreation Centers offer a wide range of free and membership programs and services. Some have indoor swimming pools. Almost all have weight rooms, basketball courts, dance studios, boxing rings, art studios, game rooms, etc. All Recreation Centers offer a wide range of programs such as aerobics, dance, tai chi, fencing, computer classes, and art. Many programs are free and open to the general public but many require membership. You do not need to be a New York City resident to use a Recreation Center. You may use your annual membership at any and all Centers. Use one near the Spanish-American Institute and then use one near your home. Costs: Free and membership programs. Standard annual membership is $50 for Recreation Centers and $75 for Recreation Centers with pools. (Do you know anyone 55 and older? The senior membership is only $10 a year.)Standard annual membership provides scheduled access to the gym, pool, and all the other facilities. Instructor-led courses such as aerobics, martial arts, music, or yoga may require an additional fee. Membership and Program Information: Go to the www.nycgovparks.org home page. On the “Facilities” menu, click on “Recreation Centers.” On the “Recreation Centers” page, you will find information about membership and fees. You will also see links to Recreation Facilities by borough (Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island).On the “Facilities” menu, you may also want to check out other NYC Department of Parks facilities such as beaches, ice skating rinks, nature centers, running tracks, soccer fields, etc.Recreation Centers: There are several Parks Department Recreation Centers in each borough. After you go to the “Recreation Centers” page and click on a borough, you will find a list of the centers in that borough with their addresses, phone numbers, and web links. The list will look like that for Manhattan below. Click on the link for a particular Center to learn more about its services, schedules, and programs.10．What special benefits can an annual member of Recreation Centers enjoy?A．Having access to all the facilities all year.B．Experiencing all programs and services free.C．Taking free Instructor-led courses.D．Using only the center near your home free.11．If your parents and grandparents (both over sixty) want to get the memberships, how much will they pay?A．At least $20. B．At least $120. C．At least $180. D．At least $220.12．You will probably fail to find ________ on the www.nycgovparks.org home page.A．the cost for various memberships B．the locations of recreations centersC．the staff and provided services D．the facilities, phones and web links四、（2022·上海杨浦·二模）Football star inspires poetry pupilsRio Ferdinand is one of the Premier League’s greatest ever players. He made his first appearance in the League for West Ham in the 1995-96 season and by the time he retired from the 2014-15 season, he had won the Premier League title six times with Manchester United. Ferdinand was eager to be a judge in the Premier League Writing Stars competition, where children can hand in their own poem on the theme of diversity. Ferdinand decided to drop in on his old school, Camelot Primary in Peckham, London, and answer some questions. Are you excited to be a judge for the Premier League Writing Stars poetry competition?“I’m very excited because you get the chance to see what the kids are up to now and how the kids think. It’s really important for people to express themselves through words. I can’t wait to read all of the poems.”When you were at school, what subject did you like the most?“I like drama, PE and English. These were my three strongest subjects at school.”What was your favourite book at school?“As a kid, my favourite book was The Twits by Roald Dahl.” The Premier League Writing Stars competition asks us to celebrate the ways in which we are beautifully different and wonderfully the same. Why is this an important theme?“It is an important theme because it is true. I’ve been to many parts of the world and everyone is similar in the way they are. Everywhere you go, there are a lot of different people in the world, but we are very much the same in many ways.” COMPETITION Why not write your own poem on the theme of diversity for the Premier Writing Stars competition?Last year, more than 25,000 children entered. You could even write a rap or song lyrics. Your class could win a poetry workshop and have the Premier League trophy visit your primary school! Rio Ferdinand’s fellow judges include poet Joseph Coelho, musician Olly Murs and writer Lauren Child. There will be two national winners and ten regional winners from both key stage 1 (five to seven years old) and key stage 2 (seven to 11 years old). The closing date is Friday 13 May, so get your teacher to register on PLPrimaryStars.com this week! 13．To enter the competition, an applicant must ________.A．be under the age of seven B．hand in a poem this weekC．write about the theme of diversity D．register on Friday 13 May14．What can be learned about Rio Ferdinand?A．He rose to fame for the poems he wrote back at school.B．He once dropped out of Camelot Primary in Peckham.C．He has been an organizer of the competition since 2015.D．He is delighted to be the judge in the competition.15．The purpose of the poster is to ________.A．promote the popularity of the competitionB．introduce the association of Premier LeagueC．motivate children to do sports in their spare timeD．bridge the gap between sports and literature五、（2022·上海市第二中学模拟预测）The BC Book Prizes, established in 1985, celebrate the achievements of British Columbia writers and publishers. The seven Prizes are presented annually at the Lieutenant Governor’s BC Book Prizes Gala in the spring, with the winner of The Lieutenant Governor’s Award for Literary Excellence being announced beforehand at the annual BC Book Prizes Soiree (an evening party). The Prizes are administered and awarded by members of a non-profit society who represent all aspects of the publishing and writing community. ABOUT BC BOOK PRIZESCategories and CriteriaGeneral Criteria ● The book must have an ISBN (International Standard Book Number).● The book must have a print run of at least 350 copies.● The book must be at least 48 pages long unless it is a children’s picture book in which case it must be at least 24 pages long.● The book must show in print that it was published in the appropriate eligible year.● The main language of the book must be English.● Three copies of the submitted book must be provided for the judges for each prize category entered.● Submissions must be made using the BC Book Prizes Official Entry Form.E-book Specific Criteria in addition to the General Criteria● E-books are accepted for submission to the Ethel Wilson Fiction Prize category only.● A signed statement of verification of copyright must be provided.● The book must have gone through a professional editing process.● Three printed copies of the e-book must be provided for the jury.Expectations of finalists and winners● The publishers of finalist book will be expected to participate in the shared cost of print ads placed in BC newspapers announcing the finalists. Cost per book is $100. ● All publishers, authors and illustrators are invited to attend the Soiree, which is a free event. ● Tickets to the Lieutenant Governor’s BC Book Prizes Gala are not provided to finalists, so must be paid for by the authors/illustrators or their publishers.16．What can we learn about the BC Book Prizes?A．They are in the charge of a non-profit society.B．There are seven members in its administration team.C．The winners of the prizes are announced beforehand.D．They are presented at an evening party every spring.17．Which of the following books could be accepted for submission?A．A novel written in French. B．A book published in any year.C．A children’s book with 48 pages. D．An E-book to be edited.18．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A．No printed copies are required for the submitted e-books.B．All publishers, authors and illustrators enjoy free admission to the gala.C．A participant may provide more than three copies of the submitted book.D．The publishers of submitted books should share the cost of print ads in BC newspapers.六、（2021·上海·复旦附中模拟预测）Care for a zoom-in observation of animals with no bars between you and the observed opposed to ordinary zoos? Where to have close-up encounters with some of the world’s most rare animals? We are revealing for you.       Right whales, Bay of Fundy, CanadaNorthern right whales are on the brink of extinction, but survivors arrive in the Bay of Fundy each summer (May through October) to feed east of Grand Manan Island. They are recognized by a broad back and no dorsal fin, which distinguish them from other whales entering the bay.Planning: Whale-watching tours operate out of Digby Neck peninsula on Nova Scotia and nearby islands, such as Brier Island, St. Andrews, Grand Manan Island, and Deer Island.Grizzly bears, Alaska, USAGrizzlies like salmon. In mid-July and again in mid-August, grizzlies make for Alaskan rivers to hook out the fish with their formidable claws. The bears gather in large numbers at rapids and pools, sometimes fighting for the best sites. Brooks Falls in Katmai National Park, and Fish Creek, near Hyder, have viewing platforms.Planning: Most fishing sites are accessed by chartered light aircraft and a hike. Hyder is off the Stewart-Cassiar Highway.Monarch butterflies, Sierra Chincua, MexicoEach fall, millions of North American monarch butterflies migrate thousands of miles to the oyamel fir forests of the Transvolcanic Mountain Range, in the state of Michoacán. They flock intimately on tree trunks, bushes, and on the ground, fully showing their gregarious nature and occupy Sierra Chincua and four neighboring hills that make up the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve.Planning: Chincua is one of two hills in the reserve open to the public from November through March.Komodo dragons, Komodo Island, IndonesiaLanding on Komodo, you would feel like stepping back to a time when dinosaurs ruled the Earth, as park maps reported, “Here be dragons!” This mountainous volcanic island is home to the world’s largest living lizard – the Komodo dragon. Weighing 79 to 91kg, the Komodo dragon has a tail as long as its body. You can hike to a viewpoint at Banugulung and watch as park rangers feed food to the lizards, some of which are more than 10ft long.Planning: Komodo is reached solely by boat from Bima (on eastern Sumbawa) or Labuan Bajo (on western Flores).Wildebeest migration, Serengeti, TanzaniaUndoubtedly the world’s most spectacular wildlife sight is the annual wildebeest migration, when 1.4 million wildebeest and 200,000 zebras and gazelles are on the move across the Serengeti plains. The animals are trekking to chase the clean water and fresh grass. Along the way, lions and hyenas stalk them, and crocodiles lie in wait.Planning: The herds migrate across Tanzania from December through July, and then pass through the Masai Mara in Kenya in August and September.19．In which place can a variety of types of animals be viewed?A．Alaska. B．Sierra Chincua. C．Komodo Island. D．Serengeti.20．The underlined word “gregarious” probably means ______.A．being able to climb B．preferring group livingC．migrating in huge numbers D．moderate in temper21．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A．Right whales are distinguished from other whales by unique appearance features.B．Viewing spots for grizzly bears can be reached through air and on foot.C．Komodo dragons are similar to dinosaurs in living period.D．Wildebeest herds travel to pursue favorable food conditions.七、Career planning is important. Get started today. Connect your personal interests and academic aspirations to plan a wonderful career at University of New Brunswick (UNB).Career Connections will help you figure out who you are — your strengths and interests — as you find which field of study and careers arc right for you. Career Connections also helps connect you to the experts, workshops and information you need.To guide you through your academic and career exploration, Career Connections includes information for future, current, and graduating students. In this site, you will find:Program Blueprints for each of our programs, career resources including workshops and expert advice, information about experiential learning opportunities, career myths, news trends and career-related research.On-campus Career SupportWe have the experts to help you in your academic and career development.Career Development & Employment CentreConsult with your career and employment advisors, depending on your needs; complete workshops for the Career Development Certificate; learn about the Work-study Program; go to career fairs and much more.Career CounsellingStudents are supported by two career counsellors who will help you explore academic and career options through the Carcer Planning Process. They will help you develop a plan for gaining the skills and knowledge needed to pursue your passions.Academic AdvisingAcademic advising is an important aspect of career exploration. It is through your academic advisor(s) that you will explore program options, discussing how these fit your career goals, and how to map your academic future in developing the knowledge and skills needed to be an employment-ready, life-long learner.Experiential EducationThere are many experiential (体验的) learning opportunities at UNB．Several programs include work placements as part of your degree requirements. Additional experiential opportunities include the Work-study Program and The Summer Institute. as well as finding and securing employment during your studies or the summer.22．If you want to get a Career Development Certificate, you’d better go to________.A．Career Counselling B．Academic AdvisingC．On-campus Career Support D．Career Development & Employment Centre23．Experiential Education can help you________.A．get chances for experiential learningB．study on articles during summer vacationC．obtain high professional grades and degreesD．work out the value of programs and institutes24．Where can you most probably read this passage?A．In a brochure. B．On a website. C．In a magazine. D．In a news report.