2021-2022学年江苏省南京市鼓楼区高一（下）期中英语试卷

这是一份2021-2022学年江苏省南京市鼓楼区高一（下）期中英语试卷，共18页。试卷主要包含了倡议的原因；，如何提供帮助；，发出呼吁，【答案】B、D、C、A，【答案】C、B、A、A，【答案】B、F、E、G、A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2021-2022学年江苏省南京市鼓楼区高一（下）期中英语试卷

A
Most of us are aware that we must take care of the environment,and the majority of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution.But recently some "green truths" have been shown to be only half true,or even completely false.Here are some common ones.Which are really green？
It's better to take a shower than a bath.
It depends on how long you spend in the shower and how large your bath is.If you spend more than eight minutes in a shower,you'll use as much water as in a bath----about 50 litres of water.Therefore,the key is to keep your shower time as short as possible.
Eating local food is good for the environment.
It seems like common sense：eating local food should be better for the environment,because it does not need to be transported long distances and kept cold during transport.Unfortunately,it is not that simple.In some cases,local produce might have used more energy and produced more greenhouse gases than produce grown a long way away.
______________
When we tun off a device,such as television,it goes into stand-by mode.Devices in this mode still use power,and older devices in stand-by mode can use even more.This happens because electricity continues to leak from the device,even when it is turned "off".To make sure your appliances are in fact off,remove the plug from its power supply.
Environmental awareness is now part of daily life.But it's worth checking common ideas and opinions to see what's really green.
1. What food is more environmentally friendly？ ______
A. It all depends. B. None of them.
C. Local produce. D. Non-native food.
2. Which of the following best suits the blank？ ______
A. When you turn off a device,it still uses power.
B. When you tun off a device,it stops using power.
C. Unplugging a device is better than turning off a device.
D. Going into stand-by mode is better than turning off a device.
3. Why does the author write this passage？ ______
A. To tell the truth about some "green truths".
B. To call on people to protect the environment.
C. To explain the significance of energy-saving.
D. To present some practical ways to reduce waste.
B
Rachel Carson was a scientist by profession,but the lines from the open chapter of her 1962 book Silent Spring. "A Fable for Tomorrow"，show her talent as a writer.By imagining a world without birds,she aimed to alert （使警惕） not only the scientific community but also the general public to the damaging effects of human activity on natural ecosystem---in particular,to the harmful use of pesticides （杀虫剂），such as DDT.She believed that the chemical industry was knowingly causing harm to plants,animals and even humans,and wished to see pesticides used in a more responsible,limited and carefully monitored way.
Carson urged people to make themselves aware of the facts and do something about the situation.Silent Spring contains a lot of scientific research and case studies.The book details the programme of removing gypsy moth,which killed birds,in addition to killing gypsy moths.Another case study was the fire-ant programme that killed cows,but not fire ants.The book also gives dozens of other examples of removal programmes that did nothing to reduce the problems they were originally designed to solve.The 50 or so pages at the end of the book list Carson's source,showing how thorough and precise she was as a scientist.
Silent Spring was not,however,received positively by everyone.Though Carson's research was strong and was supported by most scientists who reviewed her book,the book quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry.They said that Carson did not understand the science behind her arguments because she was a marine biologist rather than a chemist.Some also said that her work was more emotional than scientific.
These were attempts to damage Carson's reputation（名声）and stop her from influencing public policy,but she remained determined to stand by her research.Carson appeared in public and on television to defend her claims---and today,more than 50 years after it was published,the voice of Silent Spring is still ringing loud and clear.
4. Which of the following is included in the passage？ ______
①Background of the book
②Features of the book
③Purposes of the book
④Responses to the book
A. ①②③ B. ②③④ C. ①③④ D. ①②④
5. Some people questioned Carson's ideas because they thought ______ .
A. she lacked sufficient evidence
B. she was ignorant of true science
C. she was anxious to get the credit
D. she was unprofessional in that field
6. Silent Spring is a book that ______ .
A. reveals humans to be the ruler of the world
B. charges pesticide industry with immoral act
C. illustrates the potential danger of pesticides
D. requests people to appreciate the beauty of spring
7. Which of the following can best describe Carson？ ______
A. Scientific and forward-looking.
B. Ordinary and responsible.
C. Courageous and well-educated.
D. Intelligent and adventurous.
C
Flower scents（香味）help pollinators（传粉者）locate their favorite plants.Scientists have established that air pollutants change those scents,throwing off the tracking abilities of such beneficial insects as honeybees.But new lab experiments are the first to confirm that one pollinator,the tobacco hawkmoth,can quickly learn that a pollution-changed scent comes from the jasmine tobacco flower that the insect likes.
Chemical ecologist Markus Knaden and colleagues focused on one pollutant-ozone,the main element in smog.In the lab,his team blew an ozone-changed scent from a tiny tube into a tunnel,with a moth （飞蛾）awaiting at the far end of the tunnel.Usually,when the moth smells the unchanged scent,it flies upwind and uses its long,skinny mouthparts to the tube the way that it would a flower.The researchers expected that the changed scent might throw the moth off a little.But the insect wasn't attracted at all.
In addition to scent,tobacco hawkmoths track flowers visually,so Knaden's team used the feature,along with a sweet snack,to train the moth to be attracted to a pollution-changed scent.The researchers wrapped a brightly-colored artificial flower around the tube to trick the moth back across the tunnel,despite the unfamiliar scent.And the team added sugar water to the artificial flower.After a moth was given four minutes to taste the sweet stuff,it was attracted to the new smell when sent into the tunnel 15 minutes later,even when neither the sugar water nor the visual signal of the artificial flower was present.
This study focused on only one moth species,but Knaden's team is now working on planning experiments with other pollinators that are easier to follow than tobacco hawknoths.While he guesses honeybees might also be as adaptable as the moth was,that won't be true of every pollinator. "The situation can become very bad for insects that are not as clever or cannot see that well.I don't want the take-home message to be that pollution is not a problem."
8. What does the underlined word " " in paragraph 2 mean？ ______
A. Surround. B. Favour. C. Access. D. Examine.
9. According to the passage, ______ .
A. not all moths were attracted to ozone-changed scent as expected
B. the current research conducted by Knaden is pioneering and wide-ranging
C. not all pollinators are adaptable to human-driven changes to their environment
D. the moth didn't like the new smell without sugar water and artificial flower
10. What's Knaden's attitude towards the finding of the study？ ______
A. Positive. B. Cautious. C. Unclear. D. Critical.
11. What does the text mainly talk about？ ______
A. A moth can be rid of the tracking ability to locate its favourite plants.
B. A moth is able to establish a relationship between pollution and scents.
C. A moth may outsmart smog by learning to like pollution-changed scent.
D. A moth is born with an ability to adapt to the changes in the environment.
D
The first wide-ranging assessment of medical crowdfunding in the United States shows that people in states with higher medical debt（债务）and lower rates of insurance coverage （保险范围） are more likely to try to raise money through crowdfunding websites,but less likely to succeed.From 2016 through 2020，more medical campaigns （运动） on the crowdfunding site GoFundMe were started in low-income and under-insured communities.But campaigns in wealthier communities with higher rates of insurance coverage raised significantly more money.
Mississippi,for example,has the highest percentage of population with medical debt and is among the highest in percentage of uninsured,but crowdfunding campaigns there raised the least money of all 50 states.Vermont,on the other hand,raised the most.Its population had one of the lowest percentages of uninsured people and was around the middle as to the percentage of population without medical debt.
"Only the most successful campaigns are stressed on social media,giving the impression that crowdfunding works," says study coauthor Nors Kenworthy,a pubic health researcher.But,she says.we need to be more "clear-eyed" about crowdfunding's limits and the kinds of gaps it fills.
Yet even in countries like Canada and the United Kingdom,which have some form of universal health care coverage,studies of crowdfunding stress significant gaps.In those countries,crowdfinding is often for expenses indirectly related to illness and accidents,such as lost wages,transportation and child-care costs,Kenworthy says.According to one 2019 study,crowdfunding in Canada for cancer-related expenses is less successful in areas with lower education and income.
While GoFundMe's previous CEO Rober Solomon has called concerns that crovdfunding increases socioeconomic inequalities "hogwash"（一派胡吉），the new study negates that,says Jeremy Snyde,a Canadian health researcher,who was not involved in this research.
"Crowdfunding depends heavily on peer networks that typically have similar features,including income,to the campaigner themselves," says Snyder, "If GoFundMe has data that suggests otherwise,then they have a duty to make it public."
12. In the United States,online crowdfunding ______ .
A. relieves the medical problem of those in poverty
B. rids the under-insured states of high medical debt
C. deepens health care inequalities in different areas
D. funds rich communities with higher insurance coverage
13. Why does the author mention Canada and the UK？ ______
A. To reveal different purposes of crowdfunding.
B. To illustrate the noticeable gaps of crowdfunding.
C. To further explore crowdfunding in other countries.
D. To compare their crowdfunding with that in the USA.
14. What can you infer from the passage？ ______
A. Medical crowdfunding rarely helps those who need it most.
B. Social media covers up the truth that crowdfunding never works.
C. The USA has a higher rate of insurance coverage like Canada and the UK.
D. Medical crowdfunding raises more money than social media posts suggest.
15. Which of the following does Snyder most probably agree with？ ______
A. GoFundMe must provide more data to support its stand.
B. Crowdfunding narrows the financial gap among different classes.
C. We should be more aware of crowdfunding's limits and purposes.
D. Without peer networks,crowdfunding couldn't function properly.
When did you last write a letter？Properly write one-by hand？In a digital world,where sending a text or email is far more convenient than using snail mail（传统信件），is it still necessary to write with traditional pen and paper？Well,some people believe that writing still has many benefits. (1)
These days,when people request things in writing,a typed,electronic document will be accepted. (2) But making a handwritten document is unique：It requires planning and thought,and,as well as practicing your handwriting,it helps you to remember spelling and punctuation（标点）.
(3) This is particularly relevant for students,where typing notes into a laptop is thought to lack the "tactile（触觉的）feedback" to the brain that contact between pen and paper does.BBC Worklife website quotes Hetty Roessing from the University of Calgary,who says that "taking notes by hand involves cognitive （认知的）engagement in summarizing,paraphrasing,organizing,concept and vocabulary mapping." Others agree that handwriting may boost fine motor skills in your hands and fingers.
There are everyday benefits to using pen and paper too.Drawing notes,shopping lists,or messages on the back of an envelope can still be useful,quick and portable. (4) Pen pal writer Katherine Moller told the BBC： "In a world where it is so easy to hop online to email or to send a fast text,it is so personal and so precious to know someone chose to turn off the virtual world to spend some time with you."
So,while digital skills remain important,don't write off your pens and pencils yet.--- (5)

A.After all,we can't ignore the benefits handwriting bring to us.
B.So maybe it's not time to throw away your pens or pencils yet.
C.Especially if your smartphone,tablet or laptop runs out of power!
D.And writing a letter to a friend is a good way to practise handwriting.
E.Some experts believe your brain benefits from using old-fashioned pen and paper.
F.Doing this on a computer means it could be saved,edited,copied and sent via email.
G.But putting pen to paper in a letter to a friend or loved one can probably have the most impact.
16.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
Zhang Mengqiu,born in 2002，won two gold and three silver medals in all five events of the women's alpine skiing standing at the Winter Paralympic Games.She(21) viewers by styling five different hairdos at award ceremonies to(22) her confidence,beauty,as well as optimism towards life.
Zhang,who suffered from functional movement disorder as a consequence of cerebral palsy（脑瘫），was(23) to Alpine skiing in Hebei para-team in 2016.Zhang's(24) speed was slightly slower than others due to her(25) disadvantage.When she first hit the slopes,Zhang(26) she was a slow learner.(27)，she decided to put in extra hours(28) to master the sport's skills,believing that "there are not many(29) battles one can meet in life,so you need to spare no effort before the battles."
A year later,Zhang was selected to the national team.With(30) and ambition,she began to(31) at international competitions,winning numerous major(32).During the campaign(33) 300 million people in winter sports in China,Zhang improved rapidly in recent years. "I am not good at(34) but I hope the gold can let more people know that efforts eventually will be turned into(35)." Zhang said.
21.  A. conducted B. favoured C. informed D. surprised
22.  A. track B. process C. reveal D. permit
23.  A. attached B. glued C. introduced D. devoted
24.  A. defence B. delivery C. procedure D. reaction
25.  A. intellectual B. mental C. physical D. emotional
26.  A. proved B. admitted C. declared D. signalled
27.  A. Thus B. Instead C. Besides D. Indeed
28.  A. in store B. in charge C. in practice D. in turn
29.  A. appealing B. limited C. further D. significant
30.  A. talent B. determination C. appreciation D. wisdom
31.  A. shine B. belong C. quit D. explore
32.  A. credits B. titles C. affairs D. funds
33.  A. applying B. involving. C. locating D. benefiting
34.  A. commenting B. profiting C. expressing D. protesting
35.  A. trials B. rewards C. awards D. recipes
36. Many Greek philosophers were at the same time scientists.Thus Plato was a mathematician and Aristotle contributed to zoology.Aristotle,indeed,started methodical research,patiently（1）______（collect） material and laying （2）______（mass）foundations （基础） for modern science.Before Plato and Aristotle,there had been scientist-philosophers.After them,Greek science made further advances.Two men may be mentioned for （3）______ they did to push science forward.Both lived in the3rd century B.C.
Euclid is even now well-known for his Elemerits,a textbook of geometry （几何学）， perhaps the most successful textbook ever （4）______（write），because It was in use in English schools until the early years of the20th century.
Archimedes did important work not only in geometry,but also in arithmetic（算术），mechanic and hydro-static （静水力学）.He discovered that when（5）______ body is immersed in water,its loss of weight is equal to the weight of the water displaced （排水）.He invented machines which greatly helped his native city against the Romans. （6）______（illustrate） the principle of the lever （杠杆），he is said to tell the king： "Give me a place to stand,and I（7）______（move） the world."
Greek science did not neglect （8）______（apply）.Mathematics,the purest of science was applied in at least five field.Greek scientists collected a wealth of material and tried to find the proper method of doing scientific work.As a result,they were able to deduce（推断）theories and built up systems,（9）______ had a great influence on later scientists.
（ 10）______ they failed to create conditions for the continuous growth of science.It is there that great changes began in the17th and18th centuries and it is this that set off modern from ancient science.
37. 假定你是李华，最近在报纸上读到了高科技给老人带来不便的报道，感到有责任给予老人一定的帮助，请你给校英文报写一封倡议信，呼吁大家一起参与。内容包括：
1.倡议的原因；
2.如何提供帮助；
3.发出呼吁。
注意：
1.词数80 左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear schoolmates,
__________
Li Hua
Aly wandered toward the garden,where Miss Strawbridge,the landlady,was planting flowers.Last week,Aly and her parents had moved into the house in Miss Strawbridge's backyard.
Aly watched silently until the old woman looked up and asked, "Why the long face,Aly？" "There aren't any kids around here to play with." said Aly.Miss Strawbridge's blued eyes twinkled. "You should just like Rachel who used to live here." said Miss Strawbridge. "Too bad you two young girls couldn't have lived here at the same time."
"What did Rachel do when she was bored？" asked Aly. "She planted a flower garden by the shed（棚子）in the backyard." answered Miss Strawbridge.Miss Strawbridge handed Aly a trowel（铲子）and held out a box of flowers.For the rest of the afternoon,Aly pulled the weeds,dug and planted.But when she stepped back and admired her blue and yellow flowers,she smiled.Still,it was too bad that Rachel wasn't there to share it.
The next day,Aly watered her flowers,then wondered what else she could do.She walked across the yard to the garden,where Miss Strawbridge sat reading.She stood silently until the old woman looked up. "What else did Rachel do when she was bored？" asked Aly. "She wrote poetry in her flower garden." Miss Strawbridge answered. "One of her poem even won the first prize in a contest at school.The best way to learn how to write poetry is to read poetry." She handed Aly her book.
For the rest of the afternoon,Aly lay on her stomach in the cool grass next to her flowers and read Miss Strawbridge's book of poetry.After a while,she got some paper and a pencil from her house and scribbled（乱写）and erased.In the end she had a poem that might not be a prize winner but sounded good enough to make her smile.Still,it was too bad that Rachel wasn't there.They could have read their poems to each other.
The next day,Aly watered her flowers,then wondered what else she could do.She rushed across the yard and knocked on Miss Strawbridge's door. "What else did Rachel do when she was bored？" Asked Aly when Miss Strawbridge opened the door. "She played in the old shed and pretended it was her house." Answered Miss Strawbridge.
Aly glanced back at the shed and then at Miss Strawbridge,Miss Strawbridge twinkled. "There's nothing in the shed that you can hurt or that can hurt you." She took a key off a hook next to the door and handed it to Aly.
She raced back into the shed,only to find a few chairs and boxes resting on the dusty shelves.______
It was a trophy（奖杯）with some words----First Place in Poetry.Rachel strawbridge.1937._________答案和解析

1~3.【答案】A、D、A

【解析】（1）A.细节理解题。根据第五段的Unfortunately,it is not that simple.In some cases,local produce might have used more energy and produced more greenhouse gases than produce grown a long way away.（不幸的是，事情并没有那么简单。在某些情况下，当地农产品可能比远处种植的农产品消耗更多的能源，产生更多的温室气体。）可知，食物是否环保要看情况而定。故选A。
（2）D.标题判断题。根据下文When we tun off a device,such as television,it goes into stand-by mode.Devices in this mode still use power,and older devices in stand-by mode can use even more.（当我们关掉电视等设备时，它会进入待机模式。此模式下的设备仍在使用电源，而处于待机模式的旧设备可以使用更多电。）可知本段主要讲的是进入待机模式比关闭设备要好。因此Going into stand-by mode is better than turning off a device.是最合适的小标题。故选D。
（3）A.写作意图题。根据第一段的But recently some "green truths" have been shown to be only half true,or even completely false.Here are some common ones.Which are really green？（但最近，一些"绿色真理"被证明是半真半假，甚至是完全错误的。这里有一些常见的。哪个是真正的绿色）可知，文章是告诉读者一些"绿色真理"的真相。故选A。
本文为说明文。文章介绍一些"绿色真理"被证明是半真半假，甚至是完全错误的。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项填写出正确答案。

4~7.【答案】B、D、C、A

【解析】（1）B.细节理解题。根据原文第一段By imagining a world without birds,she aimed to alert （使警惕） not only the scientific community but also the general public to the damaging effects of human activity on natural ecosystem（通过想象一个没有鸟的世界，她旨在提醒人类活动对自然生态系统的破坏性影响）可知这是本书的目的。根据原文第二段The book details the programme of removing gypsy moth,which killed birds,in addition to killing gypsy moths.（这本书详细介绍了除去杀死鸟类的吉卜赛蛾的计划，以及杀死吉卜赛蛾的计划。）这是本书的特点。根据原文倒数第二段Silent Spring was not,however,received positively by everyone.（然而，《寂静的春天》并没有受到所有人的积极欢迎。）可知这是对本书的回应。综上所述包括在文章中的是②本书的特点；③本书的目的；④对本书的回应。①Background of the book本书的背景；②Features of the book本书的特点；③Purposes of the book本书的目的；④Responses to the book对本书的回应。故选B。
（2）D.推理判断题。根据原文倒数第二段They said that Carson did not understand the science behind her arguments because she was a marine biologist rather than a chemist.（他们说，卡森不理解她论点背后的科学，因为她是海洋生物学家而不是化学家。）可知一些人质疑卡森的想法，因为他们认为她在那个领域不专业。故选D。
（3）C.推理判断题。根据原文第二段The book details the programme of removing gypsy moth,which killed birds,in addition to killing gypsy moths.（这本书详细介绍了除去杀死鸟类的吉卜赛蛾的计划，以及杀死吉卜赛蛾的计划。）可知《寂静的春天》是说明了杀虫剂的潜在危险。故选C。
（4）A.观点态度题。根据原文第一段"A Fable for Tomorrow"，show her talent as a writer.（"明天的寓言"，展现她作为作家的才华。）可知此处说明她具有前瞻性。最能描述卡森的是她具有科学性和前瞻性。根据原文第二段The 50 or so pages at the end of the book list Carson's source,showing how thorough and precise she was as a scientist.（这本书结尾的50多页列出了卡森的资料来源，显示出她作为一名科学家是多么的彻底和精确。）A.Scientific and forward-looking科学性和前瞻性的；B.Ordinary and responsible平凡而负责的；C.Courageous and well-educated勇敢且受过良好教育的；D.Intelligent and adventurous聪明且富有冒险精神的。故选A。
本文介绍了瑞秋•卡森以及她的《寂静的春天》，通过这本书提醒人类活动对自然生态系统的破坏性影响。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

8~11.【答案】D、C、B、C

【解析】（1）D.词义推测题。根据第二段 Chemical ecologist Markus Knaden and colleagues focused on one pollutant-ozone,the main element in smog.In the lab,his team blew an ozone-changed scent from a tiny tube into a tunnel,with a moth （飞蛾）awaiting at the far end of the tunnel.（化学生态学家马库斯•克纳登（MarkusKnaden）及其同事重点研究了一种污染物臭氧，它是烟雾中的主要元素。在实验室里，他的团队将臭氧变化的气味从一根小管子吹到一条隧道中，一只蛾在隧道的远端等待），如果气味没有改变的话，飞蛾会像探索花朵一样去探测管子。可知D选项"检查，查看"符合题意。A.Surround包围；B.Favour支持；C.Access进入。故选D。
（2）C.细节理解题。根据最后一段While he guesses honeybees might also be as adaptable as the moth was,that won't be true of every pollinator.（虽然他猜测蜜蜂也可能像飞蛾一样具有适应性，但并非所有授粉者都是如此）可知并非所有的传粉者都能适应人类对环境的改变。故选C。
（3）B.观点态度题。根据最后一段 "The situation can become very bad for insects that are not as clever or cannot see that well.I don't want the take-home message to be that pollution is not a problem."（"这种情况可能会对不那么聪明或看不清楚的昆虫非常不利。我不想让大家感觉污染不是问题"）可知Knaden的态度是小心谨慎的。故选B。
（4）C.主旨大意题。根据第一段But new lab experiments are the first to confirm that one pollinator,the tobacco hawkmoth,can quickly learn that a pollution-changed scent comes from the jasmine tobacco flower that the insect likes.（新的实验室实验首次证实，一种传粉昆虫，烟草天蛾，可以很快了解到污染改变的气味来自它喜欢的茉莉花香）所以本文主要讲的是：一种聪明飞蛾可以了解污染改变的气味。故选C。
文章讲述了科学家已经证实，烟草天蛾能很快识别污染改变的花香气味。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项填写出正确答案。

12~15.【答案】C、B、A、A

【解析】（1）C.推理判断题。根据第一段From 2016 through 2020，more medical campaigns （运动） on the crowdfunding site GoFundMe were started in low-income and under-insured communities.But campaigns in wealthier communities with higher rates of insurance coverage raised significantly more money.（从2016年到2020年，在众筹网站GoFundMe上，更多的医疗活动开始于低收入和投保不足的社区。但在保险覆盖率较高的富裕社区开展的活动筹集的资金明显更多。）可知在美国，在线众筹加剧了不同领域的医疗保健不平等。故选C。
（2）B.推理判断题。根据第四段Yet even in countries like Canada and the United Kingdom,which have some form of universal health care coverage,studies of crowdfunding stress significant gaps.（然而，即使在加拿大和英国等拥有某种形式的全民医疗覆盖的国家，对众筹的研究也强调了巨大的差距。）可知作者提到加拿大和英国是为了说明众筹的显著差距。故选B。
（3）A.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段According to one 2019 study,crowdfunding in Canada for cancer-related expenses is less successful in areas with lower education and income.（根据2019年的一项研究，加拿大针对癌症相关费用的众筹在教育和收入较低的地区不太成功。）可知从这篇文章中推断出医疗众筹很少帮助最需要的人。故选A。
（4）A.细节理解题。根据最后一段 "Crowdfunding depends heavily on peer networks that typically have similar features,including income,to the campaigner themselves," says Snyder, "If GoFundMe has data that suggests otherwise,then they have a duty to make it public."（斯奈德说："众筹在很大程度上依赖于同行网络，这些网络通常具有与竞选者自身相似的特征，包括收入，"如果GoFundMe有数据表明并非如此，那么他们有义务将其公开。"）可知斯奈德最可能同意的是：GoFundMe必须提供更多数据来支持其立场。故选A。
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了关于在线众筹医疗费用的一项新的研究报告，从而指出了在线医疗众筹并没有想象的那么好。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。

16~20.【答案】B、F、E、G、A

【解析】（1）B.推理判断题。根据上一句Well,some people believe that writing still has many benefits.（嗯，有些人认为写作还有很多好处。）可知此处说的是不能扔掉你的钢笔或铅笔的原因。所以B.So maybe it's not time to throw away your pens or pencils yet.（所以也许现在还不是扔掉你的钢笔或铅笔的时候。）符合语境。故选B。
（2）F.推理判断题。根据上一句These days,when people request things in writing,a typed,electronic document will be accepted.（如今，当人们以书面形式提出要求时，会接受打印的电子文档。）可知此处说的是在计算机上执行此操作。所以F.Doing this on a computer means it could be saved,edited,copied and sent via email.（在计算机上执行此操作意味着可以保存、编辑、复制并通过电子邮件发送。）符合语境。故选F。
（3）E.细节理解题。根据下一句This is particularly relevant for students,where typing notes into a laptop is thought to lack the "tactile（触觉的）feedback" to the brain that contact between pen and paper does.（这对学生来说尤其重要，因为在笔记本电脑上输入笔记被认为缺乏"触觉"笔与纸之间的接触对大脑的反馈。）可知此处说的是使用老式的笔和纸对大脑有益。所以E.Some experts believe your brain benefits from using old-fashioned pen and paper.（一些专家认为，使用老式的笔和纸对大脑有益。）符合语境。故选E。
（4）G.推理判断题。根据本段主旨句here are everyday benefits to using pen and paper too.（用笔和纸也有日常的好处。）可知此处说的是用笔和纸的好处之一。所以G.But putting pen to paper in a letter to a friend or loved one can probably have the most impact.（但在写给朋友或爱人的信中用笔可能会产生最大的影响。）符合语境。故选G。
（5）A.段尾总结题。根据上一句So,while digital skills remain important,don't write off your pens and pencils yet.（所以，虽然数字技能仍然很重要，但不要扔掉你的笔和铅笔）可知此处说的是。所以A.After all,we can't ignore the benefits handwriting bring to us.（毕竟，我们不能忽视手写给我们带来的好处。）回扣主题。故选A。
本文为说明文。文章介绍现在很多人放弃手写书信，但是手写书信可以给人们的综合认知能力。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。

21~35.【答案】D、C、C、D、A、B、A、C、D、B、A、B、B、C、B

【解析】（1）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.conducted引导，指导；B.favoured支持；C.informed告知；D.surprised使惊讶。句意：在颁奖典礼上，她做了五种不同的发型，展现了她的自信、美丽和对生活的乐观，让观众很惊讶。根据下文"by styling five different hairdos at award ceremonies to （2）____ her confidence,beauty,as well as optimism towards life."可知，张梦秋在颁奖典礼上让观众很惊讶。故选D。
（2）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.track追踪；B.process加工；C.reveal显示；D.permit允许。句意：在颁奖典礼上，她做了五种不同的发型，展现了她的自信、美丽和对生活的乐观，让观众很惊讶。根据上文"by styling five different hairdos at award ceremonies"可知，张梦秋做了五种不同的发型，展现了她的自信、美丽和对生活的乐观。故选C。
（3）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.attached附上；B.glued粘贴；C.introduced介绍；D.devoted致力于。句意：由于脑瘫，张梦秋患有功能性运动障碍。2016年，张梦秋被介绍到河北省伞兵组参加高山滑雪比赛。根据空后"Alpine skiing in Hebei para-team in 2016."可知，张梦秋被介绍参加高山滑雪比赛。故选C。
（4）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.defence防御；B.delivery递送；C.procedure程序；D.reaction反应。句意：由于智力上的劣势，她的反应速度比其他人稍慢。根据"slightly slower than others"可知，张梦秋因为智力上的劣势，所以她的反应速度比其他人稍慢。故选D。
（5）A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.intellectual智力的；B.mental精神上的；C.physical物质的；D.emotional感情的。句意：由于智力上的劣势，她的反应速度比其他人稍慢。根据上文"Zhang,who suffered from functional movement disorder as a consequence of cerebral palsy （脑瘫），"可知，张梦秋因为患有脑瘫，所以智力上具有劣势。故选A。
（6）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.proved证明；B.admitted承认；C.declared宣布；D.signalled发信号。句意：当她第一次滑上斜坡时，张梦秋承认自己学得很慢。根据空后的"she was a slow learner."可知，张梦秋承认自己学得很慢。故选B。
（7）A.考查副词及语境理解。A.Thus因此；B.Instead反而；C.Besides此外；D.Indeed的确。句意：因此，她决定多花时间练习，掌握这项运动的技能，她认为"人生中没有多少重要的战斗，所以你需要在战斗前不遗余力。"根据上文"When she first hit the slopes,Zhang （6）____ she was a slow learner."可知，张梦秋因为学得慢，因此多练习。前后句之间为因果关系。故选A。
（8）C.考查介词短语及语境理解。A.in store准备着；B.in charge负责；C.in practice在实践中；在不断练习中；D.in turn轮流。句意：因此，她决定多花时间练习，掌握这项运动的技能，她认为"人生中没有多少重要的战斗，所以你需要在战斗前不遗余力。"根据空后的"to master the sport's skills,"可知，张梦秋花时间不断练习。故选C。
（9）D.考查形容词及语境理解。A.appealing引起兴趣的；B.limited有限的；C.further更远的；D.significant重要的。句意：因此，她决定多花时间练习，掌握这项运动的技能，她认为"人生中没有多少重要的战斗，所以你需要在战斗前不遗余力。"根据下文"so you need to spare no effort before the battles."可知，张梦秋认为人生中没有多少重要的战斗。故选D。
（10）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.talent天才，才能；B.determination决心；C.appreciation欣赏；D.wisdom智慧。句意：凭着决心和雄心，她开始在国际比赛中大放光芒，赢得了无数的重要的头衔。根据空后的"and ambition"可知，张梦秋凭着决心和雄心，赢得了无数的冠军。故选B。
（11）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.shine照耀；使发光；B.belong属于；C.quit放弃；D.explore探索。句意：凭着决心和雄心，她开始在国际比赛中大放光芒，赢得了无数的重要的头衔。根据下文"winning numerous major （12）____."可知，张梦秋在国际比赛中大放光芒。故选A。
（12）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.credits信用；B.titles头衔；冠军；C.affairs事务；D.funds基金。句意：凭着决心和雄心，她开始在国际比赛中大放光芒，赢得了无数的重要的头衔。根据上文"she began to （11）____ at international competitions,"可知，张梦秋通过自己的努力，赢得了无数的重要的头衔。故选B。
（13）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.applying申请；B.involving包含；涉及；C.locating坐落于；D.benefiting有益于。句意：在这场涉及中国3亿人的冬季运动中，张梦秋近年来进步迅速。"根据空后的"300 million people in winter sports in China,"以及常识可知，冰雪运动涉及中国3亿人参与其中。故选B。
（14）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.commenting评论；B.profiting得益；C.expressing表达；D.protesting抗议。句意：我不擅长表达，但我希望这枚金牌能让更多的人知道，努力最终会变成回报。根据下文"but I hope the gold can let more people know that efforts eventually will be turned into （15）____"可知，张梦秋不擅长表达。故选C。
（15）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.trials实验；B.rewards回报；C.awards奖品；D.recipes秘诀。句意：我不擅长表达，但我希望这枚金牌能让更多的人知道，努力最终会变成回报。根据上文"efforts eventually"和常识可知，努力最终会变成回报。故选B。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了冬残奥高山滑雪运动员张梦秋。
完形填空考查学生综合运用语言的能力。做题时，要先通读全文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，仔细阅读文章，选择最适合语境的词，注意上下文的呼应及语境。

36.【答案】collecting

【解析】（1）collecting.考查现在分词。句意：事实上，亚里士多德开始了有条不紊的研究，耐心地收集材料，为现代科学奠定了巨大的基础。本句谓语动词是started,Aristotle与动词collect之间为主动关系，且根据空后and laying可知，此处应用现在分词，作伴随状语，故填collecting。
（2）massive.考查形容词。句意：事实上，亚里士多德开始了有条不紊的研究，耐心地收集材料，为现代科学奠定了巨大的基础。空处修饰名词foundations,应用形容词作定语，mass的形容词是massive,故填massive。
（3）what.考查宾语从句。句意：有两个人因为他们为推动科学进步所做的一切可能会被提到。介词for后面是宾语从句，连接词作did的宾语，根据句意可知，表示"所…的事"，应用连接代词what,故填what。
（4）written.考查过去分词。句意：欧几里得甚至现在也以其《几何原本》而闻名，这是一本几何学教科书，也许是有史以来最成功的教科书，因为它在英国学校一直使用到20世纪初。空处作后置定语修饰前面名词textbook,textbook与write之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式，故填written。
（5）a.考查冠词。句意：他发现，当一个物体浸入水中时，它的重量损失等于排出的水的重量。body"物体"是可数名词，此处泛指"一个物体"，且body是以辅音音素开头的单词，前面需加不定冠词a,故填a。
（6）To illustrate.考查动词不定式。句意：据说，为了说明杠杆的原理，他告诉国王："给我一个支点，我能撬起整个地球。"此处表目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，句首单词首字母需大写，故填To illustrate。
（7）will move.考查动词时态。句意：据说，为了说明杠杆的原理，他告诉国王："给我一个支点，我能撬起整个地球。"本句句式为：祈使句+and+陈述句，陈述句中用一般将来时will do,故填will move。
（8）application.考查不可数名词。句意：希腊科学没有忽视应用。neglect是及物动词，空处作宾语，应填名词，apply的名词形式是application,意为"应用"，这里是不可数名词，故填application。
（9）which.考查非限制性定语从句。句意：因此，他们能够推断理论并建立系统，这对后来的科学家产生了很大的影响。空处需要一个连接词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，且从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导，故填which。
（10）But.考查连词。句意：但他们未能为科学的持续发展创造条件。上文提到"他们能够推断理论并建立系统"，空后表达的是"他们未能为科学的持续发展创造条件"，上下文之间为转折关系，空处应填转折连词but,位于句首，首字母大写。故填But。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了古希腊的几位哲学家同时也是科学家。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。

37.【答案】Dear schoolmates,
The modern society is developing rapidly,leaving aged people behind,who have little knowledge of the Internet and digital devices.【高分句型一】（倡议的原因）To help them enjoy the modern technological conveniences,in the coming summer holiday,we will organize volunteers to visit communities to teach them how to use smart phones and surf the Internet.【高分句型二】It surely will raise their life quality and make a difference to the whole society.（如何提供帮助）
We need your help.Please sign up at the office of the Students' Union or write an e-mail to Students Union@abc.cn。Your participation will be highly appreciated.（欢迎大家参加）
Li Hua

【解析】高分句型一：The modern society is developing rapidly,leaving aged people behind,who have little knowledge of the Internet and digital devices.
翻译：现代社会发展迅速，老年人落后，他们对互联网和数字设备知之甚少。
分析：本句使用了who引导的非限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：To help them enjoy the modern technological conveniences,in the coming summer holiday,we will organize volunteers to visit communities to teach them how to use smart phones and surf the Internet.
翻译：为了帮助他们享受现代科技的便利，在即将到来的暑假里，我们将组织志愿者访问社区，教他们如何使用智能手机和上网。
分析：本句使用了不定式To help them enjoy the modern technological conveniences作目的状语。
提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。

38.【答案】She raced back into the shed,only to find a few chairs and boxes resting on the dusty shelves.This would be a perfect clubhouse.Still,it was too bad that Rachel wasn't there to play in it with her.【高分句型一】 "Maybe Rachel left her plates and cups in one of these boxes," Aly thought. "Miss Strawbridge said that there isn't anything I could hurt in here,so she probably wouldn't mind if I looked inside." Aly opened a box and a thing caught her eye.（Aly去小屋后看到的情景）It was a trophy （奖杯） with some words — First Place in Poetry.Rachel Strawbridge.1937.Aly stared at the silver cup belonging to Rachel Strawbridge.Slowly,a smile spread across her face.She ran back to the house and put two sandwiches together.She grabbed two apples and two juice boxes and carried everything across the yard to the door of Miss Strawbridge's house.When Miss Strawbridge opened the door,Aly said, "I wondered if Rachel would like to have lunch in the shed with me and then write poetry in the backyard." 【高分句型二】Miss Strawbridge winked. "I think Rachel would like that very much." And they walked across the yard together.（Aly通过奖杯上的字发现小女孩Rachel就是小时候的Strawbridge女士，跑回去邀请Strawbridge女士吃午饭，Strawbridge女士欣然答应）

【解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了小女孩Aly和父母新搬到房东Strawbridge女士家里，Aly因无人玩耍而感到无聊，Strawbridge女士告诉她应该像过去住在这里的小女孩Rachel一样，Aly问她过去Rachel无聊时做什么，在Strawbridge女士告诉她后Aly便学着Rachel的做法去种花、读诗和写诗，这一天Aly又感到无聊时，Strawbridge女士告诉她Rachel无聊时还会去破旧的小屋玩耍，并把钥匙给了Aly。
 高分句型一Still,it was too bad that Rachel wasn't there to play in itwith her.翻译：不过，很遗憾Rachel没有在那里陪她玩。分析：使用了it作形式主语，由连接词that引导的主语从句。高分句型二When Miss Strawbridge opened the door,Aly said, "I wondered ifRachel would like to have lunch in the shed with me and then write poetry inthe backyard." 翻译：斯特劳布里奇小姐开门时，艾莉说："我想知道瑞秋是否愿意和我一起在小屋里吃午饭，然后在后院写诗。"分析：使用了when引导的时间状语从句和if引导的宾语从句。
解题方法点拨
 （1）品读原文，确定文章线索
       每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
       （2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
       一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
       （3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
       根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
       （4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
       在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。