09 情态动词(虚拟语气)在高考试题中的体现-备战2022年浙江新高考英语一轮复习考点帮

这是一份09 情态动词(虚拟语气)在高考试题中的体现-备战2022年浙江新高考英语一轮复习考点帮，文件包含09情态动词虚拟语气在高考试题中的体现解析版-备战2022年浙江新高考英语一轮复习考点帮doc、09情态动词虚拟语气在高考试题中的体现原卷版-备战2022年浙江新高考英语一轮复习考点帮doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共21页， 欢迎下载使用。
备战2022年浙江新高考英语一轮复习考点帮09 情态动词(虚拟语气)在高考试题中的体现重点考法一  情态动词的基本用法1.情态动词近几年常考点总结近几年高考语法填空对情态动词的考查可知，主要涉及以下3点：(1)情态动词后要加动词原形/系动词be构成谓语。(2)含情态动词的被动语态结构：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。(3)该用过去式时没用，有过去式的情态动词有：can→could、may→might、shall→should、will→would、have to→had to、dare→dared。2．情态动词的基本用法(1)can/could①表能力、请求、可能性(表示可能性用于否定句及疑问句中)；②相关的特殊句型有：can not ... too .../enough(再怎么……也不过分)、can't help but do sth.(不得不做某事)、can't wait to do sth.(迫不及待地做某事)。(2)may/might①表较小的可能性；②表示请求许可以及祝愿。相关句型或搭配：may/might as well do表示“还是……好；最好……”；may well do表示“很可能”；③may可以用来表示祝愿，用“may＋主语＋动词原形”结构。May you succeed.祝你成功。(3)must①表示非常肯定的推测；②表“偏要；非要……不可”；③mustn't意为“禁止”，表示“不必”应用needn't。(4)shall的用法①用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表命令、警告、许诺或威胁等，语气强于should；②用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征询意见。(5)should/ought to①should表责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”，还可表出乎意料的语气，意为“竟然”；②ought to表义务或责任，意为“应该”。(6)will/would①表意志或意愿；②表事物的某种性质和倾向，或“按规律”“注定会”；③表示习惯，will可以表示现在的习惯，意为“总是；习惯于”。表示过去的习惯性动作用would。(7)need和dareneed“需要”和dare“敢”，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。【典例示例】1．The only thing that I ________ do was that I wished her a long life.答案与解析　could　根据语境“唯一能做的事”及从句中的wished可知，该空填情态动词could。2．It can give us energy and ________ (make) us happy.答案与解析　make　情态动词之后应接动词原形构成谓语，故填make。3．Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I  make my toys last.答案与解析　could　根据语境“我能够让我的玩具更耐用”及found可知，应用could。重点考法二  情态动词表推测的用法 must肯定句一般时、进行时、完成时一定；肯定Jack described his father, who must have been a brave boy many years ago, as a strong－willed man.can (could)疑问句，否定句一般时、进行时、完成时可能，能够It can't be the postman at the door. It's only six o'clock.may(might)肯定句、否定句一般时、进行时、完成时也许，可能—I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.—How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone might have stolen it.should(ought to)肯定句、否定句一般时、完成时确定或期待，应该I shouldn't have watched that movie—it'll give me horrible dreams.【典例示例】4．(2018·天津高考)I can't find my purse. I might ________ (leave) it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.答案与解析　have left　根据句中时间状语yesterday可知该处是对过去事实的假设，应用“情态动词的过去式＋have done”，设空前已有might，故填have left。5．(2017·北京高考)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class,  easily reach the books on the top shelf. 答案与解析　can　句意：塞缪尔，我们班最高的男生，能很轻松地够着书架顶层的书。根据语境可知，此处表示“能力”，应用can。6．You ________ not have waken me up. I don't have to go to work today.答案与解析　need　根据语境“今天不上班”可知，语境表达“没必要叫醒我”，故填need。重点考法三  虚拟语气的用法1.if条件句中的虚拟语气if条件从句从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况动词过去式(be的过去式用were)should/would/could/might＋动词原形表示过去情况had＋过去分词should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词表示将来情况should＋动词原形should/would/could/might＋动词原形动词过去式were to＋动词原形·If I had enough money, I would buy myself a computer first of all.如果我有足够的钱，我首先要为自己买一台电脑。·If you had come earlier, you couldn't/wouldn't have missed the bus.如果你早点儿来，你就不会错过那班公共汽车了。·If I saw/should see/were to see him tomorrow, I would invite him home.如果明天见到他，我会邀请他到我家。[提示]　(1)if引导的非真实条件句中如果出现should、were或had，可以把if省略，把should、were或had提到句首，其他语序不变。(2)当if条件句中主、从句表示的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为错综时间条件句，这时动词的形式应根据动词所指的时间进行调整。(3)有时假设的情况并不用条件句表现出来，而是暗含在上下文中，比如通过without、or、otherwise、but for等词或短语来表示。2．should＋do ...结构的虚拟语气一些表示命令、要求、请求、建议的动词，后面接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略，但不能换成其他的情态动词，常见的这类动词有：order、command、require、request、demand、advise、suggest (建议)、propose、recommend、insist (坚持，坚决要求)等；以上这些动词以及其所对应的名词在涉及主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，从句谓语也要用“should＋动词原形”来表示，同样，should可以省略，但不能换成其他的情态动词。·Your suggestion that the door (should) be shut when we leave is reasonable.你的那个当我们离开的时候应该关上门的建议是合理的。3．wish后面接宾语从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反时，谓语用一般过去时；与过去事实相反时，谓语用过去完成时；与将来事实相反时，谓语用“could/would/might＋动词原形”。·I wish I had told him the way to the supermarket.我真希望我已经告诉了他到超市的路线。4．would rather“宁愿……”后接宾语从句时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气。与现在或将来事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。5．It is (high/about) time (that) ...意为“是……的时候了”，that从句谓语要用虚拟语气。从句谓语的形式有两种：一种是用一般过去时；另一种是用“should＋动词原形”，需要注意的是，这里的should不能省略。·It's high time that we got/should get down to working.该我们着手工作的时候了。6．if only从句中的虚拟语气if only引导的感叹句，其虚拟语气的结构与wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气的结构相同。7．as if、as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。·It seems as though it were spring already.看起来好像已经是春天了一样。(事实上不是)【典例示例】7．(2019·江苏高考)What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we would ________ (have) a good time together.答案与解析　have had　句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据语境可知，该句是对过去事实的虚拟，表与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If＋主语＋过去完成时＋其他，主句：主语＋should (would, could, might)＋现在完成时＋其他，设空前已有would, 故填have had。8．(2018·天津高考)If we ________ (catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.答案与解析　had caught　句意：如果我们昨天赶上了航班，现在我们就应该在沙滩上享受假期了。根据句中的yesterday和would be enjoying可知，从句是对过去事实的假设，应用过去完成时，填had caught。9．(2018·江苏高考)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I   (have) a second chance to become more involved.答案与解析　had　句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，我希望我有机会去更多地参与其中。wish后的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时，故填had。【典例示例.高考语法填空】1．(2019·天津高考)The workers were not better organized, otherwise they would ________ (accomplish) the task in half the time.答案与解析　have accomplished　句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务了。根据空前的“The workers were not better organized”可知，这是对过去情况的含蓄的虚拟。otherwise其后的句子表示与过去事实相反的假设，其句子结构为：主语＋should(would, could, might)＋现在完成时＋其他，设空前已有would, 故填have accomplished。2．(2018·北京高考)In today's information age, the loss of data ________ cause serious problems for a company.答案与解析　can　句意：在当今信息时代，丢失数据有可能给公司带来严重的问题。can表“有可能”。3．(全国卷Ⅱ)Some classmates suggest we  (go) to places of interest nearby.答案与解析　(should) go　suggest做“建议”讲时，其后接的宾语从句谓语通常用“(should＋)动词原形”，故填go或should go。【考法微点】1．空后是do/have done/be doing，根据语境、语义、语气确定填哪个情态动词。2．情态动词不能单独做谓语，需和后面的实义动词原形或be动词构成谓语：情态动词＋do/be ...。表对过去的猜测时用“情态动词＋have done”。3．虚拟语气的考查重点考法在于判断句子是对现在、过去还是将来的情况进行的虚拟，判断出时间后再根据相应的句型确定谓语动词的形式。【拓展运用】一、语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Have you ever wondered where Lego(乐高积木)came from? Like many great inventions,the story is not just one of a great idea, 1.  one of a ton of hard work and perseverance（毅力）.The story started in Denmark. Ole Christiansen was a carpenter 2.  was struggling with his small business. His wife died 3. (short) after his fourth son was born. He had to work hard to support his family alone. He started making wood toys,but they didn't sell well. He decided his toys needed a name,and he chose 4.  name"Lego".Unfortunately, several years later, his workshop 5.  (burn) to the ground. Soon,he started to make a few plastic toys. He got the idea to create a “system" of toys that would build up kids' 6.  (imagine) and creativity. He decided to stop 7.  (make) wood toys and focus only on the connected plastic toys. Then he started to build more and more kinds of 8.  (model). Each one had to be of the 9.  (high) quality, which can be reflected in Lego's motto —“Only the best is good enough. ”Thanks to their perseverance, kids can enjoy Lego toys, movies, amusement parks and clothing. But none of this would have existed at that time if they 10.  (give up) when times got hard.二、单句语法填空第一组：11. After class, some students remained ___________(seat)in the classroom and didn’t go out.12. We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we ___________(visit) more places of interest yesterday.13. Before you quit your job, ___________（consider）how your family would feel about your decision.14. The book, The Little Prince, is so ___________(fascinate) that I cannot put it down.15. One-third of the town ___________(cover) with trees and the majority of the residents are African American.16. The fact that he can’t speak even one foreign language put him at a ___________(advantage)when he travelled abroad alone.17. When___________(compare) different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the similarities.18. Of the two sisters, Betty is ___________(attract) one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet.19. ---Haven’t seen you for ages! Where have you been?---I went to Gansu and_____________(stay) there for a year, teaching as a volunteer.20. My chemistry teacher told us that when you heat a metal, it _____________(expand).第二组：21. Mr Smith, from ________ I have learned a lot, is a famous scientist.22. She went abroad for further study to gain a high level of competence ________ English.23. When Tom realized his mistake, he apologized to his mother ________ what he had done.24. The ________（abandon）temple has lost its glory and is gradually forgotten by people.25. I would rather you ________（come）tomorrow than today.26. The ________（invent）of robots has greatly freed people from dangerous and hard labor.27. She made an ________（appoint）for her son to see the doctor.28. Professor Smith, as well as his assistants ________（do）an experiment in the lab now.29. He was beginning to get ________（annoy）with me about my laziness.30. He ________（intend）to go, but on second thoughts, he gave up the idea.第三组：31. The water in the well is fit _____________ drinking.32. I have been searching _____________ a painting to decorate my room, but it seems really difficult for me to find one I like.33. The reason why you lose focus so easily is that you are_____________ （bore）with nothing to do all day.34. Leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they differ greatly _____________ size and shape.35. -Let's play football together tomorrow afternoon. -OK, but how I wish I_____________ （play）it as skillfully as you.36. He was forbidden_____________ （leave）the base as a punishment.37. The_____________ （worry）mother was waiting for her son at the gate.38. He stayed_____________ very late, writing his report.第四组：39. _________(concern) about my safety,  my mother didn’t go to bed until I came back.40. The discovery of new evidence led to the thief_____________ (catch)41. The bad weather added __________our difficulties42. _______ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect43. I like__________in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.44. People from the West like to use these words in cases______ some people in Asia may not think it necessary.45. He was in an awkward position______that he made a serious mistake about common sense in his speech.46. It is impossible for anyone______(see) these photographs before, for Mr Newman had them developed today47. Today I saw the ancient Roman city of Pompei__________it was 2000 years ago48. The volcano erupted and lava, ash and rocks poured out of it onto the_______(surround) Countryside.49. This novel__________(basis) on the truth of history sells well.50. The children_____________(get lost) in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled51. They set sail again, and saw__________looked like an exit.52. Contrary to what we had expected, the noodles and rice they served on the plane_______(be) quite delicious.53. In less than 9 minutes, the ship sank with 1, 177 men_________board.54. There are many problems_____________(remain settle)55. Philosophy can be thought of_______________way of looking at the world around us56. While shopping people sometimes can't help___________(persuade) into buying something they don't really need.57. If you think that treating a woman well means always___________(get) her permission for things, think again.58. By the road was a memorial_________victims of the bombing