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考向56 完形填空
优化记叙文(夹叙夹议)完形填空解答5策略
【考情分析】
新高考考情
新高考新考法
学霸好声音
①记叙文首句完整、线索清楚、叙述灵活、侧重语境
②夹叙夹议文以叙为主，兼顾议论，常采用边叙边议或先叙后议的手法
2020新高考Ⅰ卷完形填空为记叙文，主题语境内容为环境保护，230词左右
①做记叙文类完形填空时，应在理解上下文的基础上，通过分析语境和准确理解选项词语含义来选择正确答案
②做夹叙夹议文类完形填空， 关键在于抓住作者想要表达的思想或抒发的情感

【策略分析】
策略1　利用首句　明大意
解题依据　完形填空首句不设题。记叙文首句往往介绍事情发生的时间、地点、人物和起因等细节信息，说明文和议论文通过首句点明文章主旨。
【策略图解】

【策略示例】
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)
As a businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for whom you feel affection, ________ can also drive you mad.
A. shopkeepers B. customers
C. salespersons D. receptionists
答案与解析　B　根据首句中的“I care deeply about my customers”可知，作者是生意人，因此此处指的是顾客让作者抓狂。故选B。 customer “顾客”；shopkeeper “店主”；salesperson “售货员”； receptionist “接待员”。
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They __①__ with them lots of waste. The __②__ might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing, changing the (face) of Kilimanjaro.
①A. keep B. mix
C. connect D. bring
②A. stories B. buildings
C. crowds D. reporters
答案与解析　①D　根据段落首句及设空处后的“with them lots of waste”和常识可知，此处指登山者带来了大量的垃圾。bring “带来”，符合语境。keep “保持”；mix “混合”；connect “连接；联系”。
②C　瞻前顾后解题。根据上文中的“Every year about people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro”可知，每年大约有4万人试图攀登非洲最高峰乞力马扎罗山；再根据设空后的“damage the beauty of the place”可知，这里指的是登山人群可能会破坏这个地方的美。crowd “人群”，符合语境。story “故事”；building “建筑”；reporter “记者”。
策略2　瞻前顾后　巧求索
解题依据　在做完形填空时，应仔细阅读文章，留意文章的细节和措辞，注意前后文的呼应。
【策略图解】

【策略示例】
3．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)
I remember the first really __①__ customer we had at Covent Garden. She was __②__ absolutely everything, nothing was right and I was rather __③__ that she became a “regular”. After a while, she __④__ for the way she behaved at the beginning. She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat __⑤__， and since she'd found it too much to cope with (应对), she'd taken it out on __⑥__ people.
①A. generous B. polite
C. careless D. difficult
②A. curious about B. displeased with
C. patient with D. uncertain about
③A. relaxed B. delighted
C. surprised D. embarrassed
④A. searched B. argued
C. prayed D. apologized
⑤A. by chance B. by herself
C. on purpose D. on duty
⑥A. rude B. such
C. other D. lonely
答案与解析　①D　需顾后。根据下文“nothing was right”可知，这位顾客对一切都不满意，很难缠。故选D。difficult “难缠的”；generous “慷慨的”；polite “礼貌的”；careless “粗心的”。
②B　需顾后。根据下文“nothing was right”可知，这位顾客对一切都不满意。故选B。displeased with “对……不满意”；curious about “好奇”；patient with “对……有耐心”；uncertain about “对……不能肯定”。
③C　需瞻前顾后。结合上下文可知，这位顾客对每件事都不满意，但是居然成了“常客”，这让作者感到很惊讶才对。故选C。surprised “惊讶的”；relaxed “放松的”；delighted “高兴的”；embarrassed “尴尬的”。
④D　需瞻前。上文提到顾客一开始很难缠，对一切都不满，结果后来成了常客，因此此处指的是她为自己一开始的行为道歉。apologize for “为……道歉”。故选D。apologize “道歉”；search “搜索”；argue “争论”；pray “祈祷”。
⑤B　需瞻前。结合上文“She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat”可知，女顾客和丈夫分居了，因此现在是独自住在一套公寓里。故选B。 by herself “她独自地”；by chance “偶然”；on purpose “故意地”；on duty “值班”。
⑥C　需瞻前。根据上文“since she'd found it too much to cope with (应对), she'd taken it out on”可知，她难以应付这样的压力，于是决定把气撒在其他人身上。other people “其他人”。故选C。other “其他的”；rude “粗鲁的”； such “这样的”； lonely “寂寞的”。
策略3　词汇复现　定答案
解题依据　完形填空中许多试题的答案在上下文中以原词及其派生词的形式出现，只要留意观察就能发现。
【策略图解】

【策略示例】
4．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)
When Nicolo retired and went to live in Sicily, he (brought) the paintings with him. He hung them above the same table he had (moved) from Turin. His son, age 15, who had (taken) an art appreciation class, thought that there was something (unusual) about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair. It was signed (签名) “Bonnato” or so he thought, but when he (researched) it, he only found “Bonnard”， a French __①__ he had never heard of. He bought a book and was (surprised) to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same __②__ as his father's painting.
“That's the garden in our picture，” Nicolo's son told his father.
①A. painter B. designer
C. author D. actor
②A. room B. kitchen
C. hall D. garden
答案与解析　①A　上下义词复现。根据下文的“a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard”可知，此处用“画家”符合语境，故选A项。 painter “画家”，属于artist “艺术家”这一范畴。 designer “设计师”；author “作家”；actor “演员”。
②D　原词复现解题。根据上文的“with a young girl sitting on a garden chair”和下文的“That's the garden in our picture”可知，此处用“花园”符合语境，garden是原词复现，故选D项。
策略4　连词平行　解疑难
解题依据　根据连词and, but, so, yet, or等或although, though, because, since, while等从属连词或neither ... nor ..., either ... or ..., not only ... but also ... 等平行结构，可以推断出正确答案，提高得分率。
【策略图解】

【策略示例】
5．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)
They'll come rushing in, (saying) their handbag's been stolen. They'll (swear) that they left it in the changing room, create havoc (混乱) __①__ it had been in their car all the time. They'll have out half the (goods) in the shop, and want the only style you don't have left in a (particular) colour. I do know how the shop staff can get, I try to persuade them to keep __②__.
①A. forget B. decide
C. discover D. assume
②A. fighting B. smiling
C. waiting D. changing
答案与解析　①C　利用并列关系解题。根据空前的and then 可知，此处是与上文的saying和swear是顺承的动作，又结合下文的“it had been in their car all the time”可知，顾客一开始说包被偷了，发誓说是忘在了更衣室，结果最后发现包一直在他们自己的车里。故选C。discover “发现”；forget “忘记”；decide “决定”； assume “假设”。
②B　利用转折关系解题。结合上文可知，一些顾客有一些很无理的要求和行为，面对这种情况，虽然店员会很沮丧，“but”一词表示转折，与“沮丧”一词情感色彩相反，结合选项，B项“微笑”符合句意。故选B。
6．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)
It was just after sunrise on a June morning. “Nicolo，” whose real name cannot be ________ to the public because of Italy's privacy laws, (finished) working the whole night at a factory in Turin.
A. attached B. allocated
C. exposed D. submitted
答案与解析　C　因果关系解题。根据下文的“because of Italy's privacy laws”可知，此处指的是，他的真实名字因意大利的隐私法不能暴露给公众。be exposed to “暴露”，符合语境，故选C项。expose “暴露”；be attached to “附属于；依恋”；allocate “分配”；submit “上交”。
策略5　褒贬语境　判曲直
解题依据　每篇完形填空所表达的内容都有一定的褒贬性，这反映了作者的特定心理、情绪状态和写作意图。利用文章内容的褒贬性可以在准确理解文意的基础上推断出答案的。
【策略图解】

【策略示例】
7．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)
Don't take it __①__. If a customer is rude or difficult, just think “Maybe she's had a row with her husband. Maybe her child's not __②__.”Always and don't let your ego (自我) get (in_the_way). If you do, you won't be able to (handle) it and the whole thing develops into an and that __③__ everyone's day.
①A. kindly B. secretly
C. personally D. casually
②A. ready B. away
C. up D. well
③A. ruins B. makes
C. starts D. saves
答案与解析　①C　根据下文的叙述可知，顾客不礼貌或挑剔是有原因的，并非针对你或冲着你来的，作者指出要淡化这种情绪，不要为这些事感到不快。短语take sth.personally “视某事针对自己而不悦”。故选C。personally在本题中为熟词生义用法，意为“无礼地；冒犯地”；kindly “亲切地”；secretly“秘密地”；casually “随便地”。
②D　根据上文内容可知，此处列举的是顾客家中有不好的事情，如和丈夫吵架或孩子生病的情况，故选D。 well作形容词用时，意为“身体健康或状态良好”；ready “迅速地”；away “离开”；up “向上”。
③A　结合上文的叙述可知，一旦事情发展成不愉快的场面，那么最终只会毁了大家的一天。故选A。ruin “毁坏；糟蹋”；make “制作”；start “开始”；save “拯救”。
【检测训练】
1
Ranjitha was a good but poor student. Because she was 1 , she couldn't buy books to 2 to. The university library had a good 3 of reference books but they were not offered to the students. The books in the reference section were only 4 to the teachers.
Occasionally she wondered why the 5 didn't hand out the books to the students. She 6 herself that when she became a teacher, she would provide the students with all she as a student had 7 , like reference books. And the day came in no time.
Soon after getting her master's degree, Ranjitha entered a(n) 8 as a lecturer. Quickly she won the hearts of most students as she would 9 the students after class.There were too many students and it was 10 for her to remember all of them.
One day, two students came to Ranjtha 11 her to borrow three reference books. She agreed and 12 lent them the books. The 13 term would pass soon and she almost forgot about the books. At the end of the term, the director of the university called her,“Madam, we have instructions that all the books should be returned to the 14 . ”
Ranjitha tried hard to 15 the students who had borrowed the books but her 16 didn't help. So she 17 to go to the classroom and ask. However, to her disappointment, none of the students 18 . At last, Ranjitha borrowed money and paid it to the library.
Now she understands helping someone beyond a certain 19 will harm herself and that teaching students life principles is more 20 , which is a lesson she learned by paying $ 800 as a fee. She is still doing what she can do to help the students.
1. A. badly off B. well-behaved C. tired out D. ill-mannered
2. A. contribute B. add C. refer D. admit
3. A. measure B. knowledge C. occupation D. collection
4. A. supplied B. packed C. rewarded D. written
5. A. directors B. teachers C. leaders D. booksellers
6. A. blamed B. asked C. promised D. terrified
7. A. lacked B. observed C. mixed D. owned
8. A. organization B. team C. university D. apartment
9. A. comfort B. help C. protect D. represent
10. A. important B. beneficial C. convincing D. difficult
11. A. assisting B. requesting C. allowing D. teaching
12. A. happily B. generally C. unfortunately D. impossibly
13. A. meaningless B. boundless C. entire D. boring
14. A. student B. author C. bookstore D. library
15. A. consult B. remember C. push D. cheer
16. A. argument B. discovery C. curiosity D. memory
17. A. had B. refused C. offered D. learned
18. A. regretted B. responded C. forgot D. screamed
19. A. doubt B. speed C. distance D. limit
20. A. confusing B. frightening C. worthwhile D. traditional
2
It was an extraordinarily busy time of year. I felt some 21 to head straight home after a long meeting. So I headed to the park nearby for some therapeutic (治疗性的) hiking. As I reached the top and admired the view, my unclear mind 22 . Re-energized, I knew that I could deal with the work that waited for me upon my 23 . When I arrived back in the office the next day, I was full of energy, and finished my work 24 .
It was almost 20 years ago that I learned how 25 it is for me to carve out time to escape to the wild. I had finished my Ph. D. , studying soil and water conservation in Honduras, but I wasn’t sure what 26 I wanted to have. So, I decided to act on a dream I had been nursing for a few years, 27 my mom showed me a magazine article about a man who had 28 around America. I figured that I could 29 cycling with research for a book on American agriculture while I worked out my next career step.
So I did it. During the cycling 30 , I found the clearness I needed to 31 my next career move. Talking with farmers I met along the way, I learned that their biggest challenge was selling their produce. I decided to broaden my 32 from land management to improving farmers’ access to markets. My 33 interest led to working for a nongovernmental organization and I did eventually borrow a book on American agriculture.
The 34 is to find your source of inspiration and make good use of it. For me, I always get nourishment (营养) from being 35 in the outdoors.
21. A. pressure B. danger C. shame D. embarrassment
22. A. calmed B. wandered C. developed D. appeared
23. A. reply B. return C. relaxation D. recovery
24. A. successfully B. casually C. anxiously D. constantly
25. A. strange B. important C. difficult D. interesting
26. A. tour B. book C. career D. major
27. A. unless B. if C. though D. since
28. A. run B. cycled C. driven D. flown
29. A. combine B. compare C. replace D. practice
30. A. competition B. history C. performance D. trip
31. A. insist on B. put down C. figure out D. learn from
32. A. experience B. focus C. discussion D. search
33. A. deep B. particular C. personal D. new
34. A. reason B. problem C. result D. key
35. A. active B. alone C. confident D. brave
3
It was a hot, damp summer day. After I 36 my tank in the local gas station, I started to walk inside to pay. Just then I noticed two elderly 37 standing back from their car. There was a mixture of shock and 38 on their faces. I followed their 39 and saw what they saw: five yellow jackets were building a 40 around their gas cap. My eyes 41 . I shared the ladies' fear.
Yellow jackets had never been 42 to me. When I was a young boy, a friend of mine and I were 43 and playing in my backyard. I must have 44 on one of their hidden nests while running. 45 , both of us were being chased and stung over and over by the yellow jackets. We ran away 46 with great fear. My mom 47 ran a cold bath and put us both in it to ease the pain and itching (瘙痒) 48 giving us medicine to fight all the poison in our little bodies from the stings.
I knew I couldn't let fear stop me now. I 49 my back pocket for a paper towel I had there, tore out the nest and stepped on it while the 50 wasps (黄蜂)buzzed around me. 51 of the ladies thanked me excitedly. I smiled, and nervousness and fear were replaced with 52 .
In this life, you can't let the fear of being stung either physically or 53 keep you from doing what is right. We need to go 54 ourselves and love each other. Don't let the yellow jackets in your life 55 you back.
36. A. filled B. moved C. charged D. emptied
37. A. men B. women C. drivers D. jackets
38. A. anger B. pain C. sadness D. fear
39. A. nose B. ears C. eyes D. mouth
40. A. room B. nest C. house D. hall
41. A. widened B. closed C. opened D. lowed
42. A. lovely B. likely C. friendly D. carefully
43. A. jumping B. climbing C. walking D. running
44. A. removed B. stepped C. paced D. searched
45. A. As a result B. After all C. Above all D. At the same time
46. A. discussing B. exploring C. screaming D. laughing
47. A. nervously B. suddenly C. casually D. immediately
48. A. after B. while C. before D. until
49. A. reached into B. arrived in C. got to D. pulled out
50. A. happy B. angry C. sad D. worried
51. A. Neither B. Both C. All D. None
52. A. pain B. surprise C. doubt D. joy
53. A. heartedly B. intelligently C. emotionally D. punctually
54. A. through B. back C. ahead D. beyond
55. A. hold B. set C. hang D. give
4
An act of kindness doesn’t have to be a grand gesture. Even those small acts of kindness can make a difference in someone’ day. That was just the case for Amie Mickey when she 56 a bumper sticker (车尾贴) on her car reading: You Matter.
Amie started to do this several years ago. At first, she wondered if people would 57 it. However, much to her surprise, she began seeing a flood of 58 every time she hit the road. More often than not, people 59 slowly near her car would roll down their windows, raising their 60 , waving and smiling. Sometimes, she even found some sticky notes left on her windshield saying things like “You 61 too!” Once while she was driving down the highway, she became 62 when a man driving a sports car at a high speed pulled his car alongside suddenly, waving and mouthing, “You matter!” Though it took her some time to recover from the 63 , she still felt happy. Last year, someone 64 her car while she was waiting for her friend in the car by the roadside, saying to her, “It is a(an) 65 sticker. I’ve seen various stickers before, but none of them have touched me as your sticker has done.” The two small words on the sticker seem simple enough, but they really struck a chord with many complete strangers who 66 to catch sight of the sticker.
Stories like Amie’s really 67 the rest of us. Sometimes a kind word or gesture may lift our 68 and it doesn’t cost a thing except for a little extra thought. Maybe it means offering a friend a hug, praising the children when their children 69 well in school, helping someone out or volunteering at nursing homes. Acts of kindness are waiting everywhere. Small as they seem, they can make a 70 impact on the world, and help form general goodness.
56. A. put up B. picked up C. fixed up D. tore up
57. A. watch B. overlook C. notice D. ignore
58. A. strangers B. passers-by C. attention D. confusion
59. A. running B. driving C. walking D. riding
60. A. voices B. thumbs C. shoulders D. hats
61. A. count B. share C. matter D. value
62. A. frightened B. discouraged C. embarrassed D. disappointed
63. A. parking B. speed C. event D. incident
64. A. blocked B. approached C. repaired D. cleaned
65. A. special B. important C. typical D. skeptical
66. A. occurred B. happened C. managed D. offered
67. A. shock B. delight C. inspire D. satisfy
68. A. spirits B. thoughts C. feelings D. minds
69. A. work B. exercise C. conduct D. behave
70. A. reliable B. subjective C. positive D. brief
5
I worked on boats for twenty five years.Now I am a docking pilot (码头领航员). My job is to 71 in the large luxury liners (邮轮) and stay with them until they are 72 stopped in the harbour. Sometimes this requires two tugs (拖船),sometimes many more, 73 the tide and the weather.
I felt very 74 after I had docked several of the large liners. I realized I was in 75 of a great ship worth millions of dollars and the 76 were depending on me to bring her safely to the port. These tugs,whether one or ten, 77 about in accord with whistle signals I 78 them from the bridge of the big liner. These signals make up a language that is just as 79 as the spoken word,or even more so, 80 our docking signals are hardly misunderstood.The captain of each tug does his work according to the signals he 81 .He never asks questions. He takes everything faithfully,and it always works out.
Working around tugboats,where so much depends on 82 ,has had its effect on what I believe.I believe that if I am to attain a(an) 83 place in the world I must have the help of my fellow men just as the great transatlantic liners depend on the 84 of the little tugs to bring them safely to the 85 .
71. A. put B. push C. bring D. join
72. A. safely B. dangerously C. immediately D. illegally
73. A. adding to B. letting alone C. thinking of D. depending on
74. A. bored B. meaningless C. important D. tired
75. A. control B. praise C. defence D. place
76. A. clerks B. sportsmen C. readers D. owners
77. A. look B. move C. hear D. worry
78. A. write B. send C. mail D. bring
79. A. dependable B. incredible C. doubtful D. visible
80. A. though B. if C. while D. because
81. A. gives B. spreads C. receives D. passes
82. A. imagination B. creation C. teamwork D. performance
83. A. successful B. frustrating C. regretful D. embarrassing
84. A. prevention B. help C. objection D. delay
85. A. airport B. station C. port D. stop
6
Renee Dixson is the director at a preschool in Indiana. She has always taken her role in her students’ lives very 86 . Because of the novel coronavirus pandemic(流行), many of her kids' lives have changed 87 . Renee said some of their parents are now 88 foodbanks to feed their families, which 89 any extra money they have will go to 90 , not to Christmas gifts. That's why Renee has 91 it upon herself to make these little ones smile!
In addition to her day job at the preschool, Renee has started driving for Uber to 92 some extra money. But she won't be keeping it for herself. 93 , she'll buy presents for all 50 of her students.
Thankfully, she isn't doing this 94 ! Several people in her community have 95 up and donated to her 96 . Between their help and her Uber 97 , she has been able to make massive(大量的) trips to Target to 98 up on toys. In fact, her office is quickly filling up with 99 for her students!
“I know how it feels to be 100 as a child because your parent doesn't have anything,” she said. She feels that 101 she didn't do this for them, she would be letting them down. With or without presents, it's 102 that she could never disappoint them because she clearly goes above and 103 for them!
“Everyone always told me I have a big heart,” she 104 . “I said, ‘No, I love children.’”
It's safe to say both are 105 for this selfless individual! Thank you, Renee, for making sure everyone has a wonderful time this holiday season!
86. A. actually B. gently C. exactly D. seriously
87. A. frequently B. dramatically C. conversely D. slowly
88. A. relying on B. focusing on C. looking forward to D. getting used to
89. A. decides B. reflects C. means D. forces
90. A. extremes B. supermarkets C. communities D. essentials
91. A. taken B. made C. carried D. followed
92. A. save B. earn C. donate D. raise
93. A. Therefore B. Instead C. Besides D. Thus
94. A. lonely B. single C. alone D. enough
95. A. stepped B. rose C. stopped D. got
96. A. cause B. event C. family D. festival
97. A. experience B. work C. customer D. income
98. A. pick B. take C. stock D. use
99. A. books B. pens C. snacks D. presents
100. A. happy B. down C. thrilled D. frightened
101. A. though B. because C. if D. while
102. A. curious B. serious C. anxious D. obvious
103. A. beyond B. under C. without D. behind
104. A. explained B. admitted C. added D. claimed
105. A. free B. true C. optimistic D. hopeful