04 形容词和副词-备战2022年高考英语语法框架记忆+提升专练(全国通用)

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备战2022年高考英语语法框架记忆+提升专练(全国通用）
04 形容词和副词
【知识框架】
I. 形容词
1.形容词的位置：形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况下后置
1
修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成的复合不定代词时
nobody absent, everything possible
2
以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后
the best book available, the only solution possible
3
alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等作定语时后置
the only person awake
4
和空间、时间、单位连用时
a bridge 50 meters long
5
成对的形容词可以后置
a huge room simple and beautiful
6
形容词短语一般后置
a man difficult to get on with
7
enough修饰名词时可以前置也可以后置，但修饰形容词或副词时要后置
______to take his adventure course will certainly learn a
lot of useful skills.(NMET2000)
A.Brave enough students B.Enough breave students
C.Students brave enough D.Students enough brave
注意：多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序
熟记口诀就可以顺利解题：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。
规则：限定语（The、A）+ 描绘性形容词 + size（小）+ shape（形状）+ age（年龄、时间）+ color（颜色）+ origin（国籍、来源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名词。
▲This ________ girl is Linda’s cousin. (05北京卷)
A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish
2.复合形容词的构成
1
形容词+名词+ed
kind-hearted
6
名词+形容词
world-famous
2
形容词+形容词
dark-blue
7
名词+现在分词
peace-loving
3
形容词+现在分词
ordinary-looking
8
名词+过去分词
snow-covered
4
副词+现在分词
hard-working
9
数词+名词+ed
three-egged
5
副词+过去分词
newly-built
10
数词+名词
twenty-year
3.形容词（短语）作伴随状语
As he looked at the goat, it rolled over, dead. 当他看着山羊的时候，山羊翻了个身，死了。
Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road.由于害怕困难，他们宁愿走好走的路。
II.副词的分类：
1
时间副词
soon, now, early, finally, once, recently
5
频度副词
always, often, frequently, seldom, never
2
地点副词
here, nearby, outside, upwards, above
6
疑问副词
how, where, when, why
3
方式副词
hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really
7
连接副词
how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile
4
程度副词
almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather
8
关系副词
when, where, why
III. 形容词和副词的比较等级
形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est，多音节和一些双音节词前加more 和most。
项 目
例 句
同级比较时常常用 as…as…以及not so(as)…as…
She is as tall as her mother.
I am not as/ so good a player as you are.
双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 （+ than）”
的结构表示。要注意题干中将比较的另一方阴藏起来的情况。
This picture is more beautiful than that one.
I have never seen such a more interesting film (than this one).
表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示
This room is less beautiful than that one.
表示一方随另一方变化时用“the more…the more…”句型
The harder you work, the more progress you will make
用比较级来表达最高级的意思
I have never spent a more worrying day.
我从来没有度过这样令人烦恼的一天。
（意为：我度过了最为令人烦恼的一天。）
倍数的表达
表达法一：A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.
The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.
这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）/这座新楼比那座旧楼大（高）三倍。
表达法二：A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.
Asia is four times as large as Europe.
亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。
表达法三：A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.
Your school is three times bigger than ours.
你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。
用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.
注意：1. 可以修饰比较级的词有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal；
2. 表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect，superior,junior等。

【能力提升】
1
There are moments in life 1. you miss some people so much that you just want to pick them from your dreams and hug them for real! When the door of happiness closes，2. opens，but often we look so long at the closed door that we don't see the one which 3. (close) for us.Don't go for looks; they can deceive(欺骗). Don't go for wealth; even that fades away.Go for someone 4. makes you smile because it takes only a smile to make a dark day seem bright.Dream what you want 5. (dream)；go where you want to go; be what you want to be.The 6. (happy) people don't 7. (necessary) have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything that 8. (come) along their way.The brightest future will always be based on a 9. (forget) past.When you were born，you were crying and everyone 10. you was smiling.Live your life so that when you die，you're the one who is smiling and everyone around you is crying.
【答案】
1. when
2. another
3. has been closed
4. who
5. to dream
6. happiest
7. necessarily
8. comes
9. forgotten
10. around
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者在生活中的一些体会：快乐的人不一定拥有最好的东西，他们只是珍惜人生中的一切，善于抓住生活中美好的一面，时刻对未来充满期许。
1. 考查定语从句。句意：生命中很多时候你会特别想念一些人以至于你想把他们从梦中拉出来，紧紧地拥抱他们。在先行词为时间名词moments，从句中缺少时间状语，故填when。
2. 考查形容词。句意：当一扇幸福的们关闭时，另一扇又打开时。another意为“另一，又一”，符合语境，故填another。
3. 考查时态和语态。句意：当一扇幸福的们关闭时，另一扇又打开时，但我们仅仅看到关着的门，而没看那扇早就为我们开着的门。根据语境，从句中的谓语应为现在完成时的被动语态，故填has been closed。
4. 考查定语从句的先行词。句意：寻找那些让你微笑的人，因为仅一个微笑就能让黑暗的一天雨过天晴。先行词someone是指人的不定代词，定语从句中谓语动词makes缺主语，故填who。
5. 考查动词的固定搭配。句意：做你想做的梦吧.去你想去的地方吧.成为你想成为的人吧。动词want后面加动词不定式，故此处应填to dream。
6. 考查形容词的最高级。句意：最快乐的人不需要拥有世界上最好的东西。由空前的the和空后的best可知此处要用最高级，此处应填happiest。
7. 考查副词。句意：最快乐的人不需要拥有世界上最好的东西。动词have要用副词来修饰，故填necessarily，意为“必要地”。
8. 考查时态。句意：他们只是充分利用他们所拥有的东西。他们这里说的是客观事实，故用一般现在时；定语从句的关系代词that指代先行词everything，故该空填动词的第三人称单数comes。
9. 考查过去分词。句意：忘掉过去你将迎来美好的未来。Forgotten是forget的过去分词。名词past意为“过去”，和forget之间为动宾关系，故填过去分词作定语，故填forgotten。
10. 考查副词。句意：当你出生时，你在哭泣而你周边的人在微笑。around意为“环绕，在周围”，符合语境，故填around。
2
Swimming way to success
What does it take to graduate from a university? Many 11. say all you have to do is take classes and pass the exams. Well, it requires more than it if you’re a student at Tsinghua University.
Starting this September, freshmen at the university will have to take swimming courses. If they fail a swimming test at the beginning of their university course, they won’t receive their degree 12. they can pass the test successfully, according to an announcement by Tsinghua University president Qiu Yong.
Exceptions 13. (allow) for students with certain physical or mental conditions, if proved by medical staff.
Liu Bo, head of the Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, explained 14. the university is linking swimming ability with degrees.
“As a requisite(必要的) survival skill, swimming is beneficial for students in the long run, since swimming is helpful in improving students’ endurance and is 15. (harmful) to joints(关节) and muscles as a water sport,” he told China Daily.
Viewing the ability 16. (swim) as a must for students is not something new to this university - it was also a requirement in the early 20th century.
It was later dropped 17. a rising number of students and a lack of facilities. Besides Tsinghua University, Peking University and Xiamen University have also listed swimming as a compulsory course for students.
However, the announcement has caused a heated debate.
Some welcomed the new rule, saying it’s a necessary skill that can save lives. “Swimming is a fundamental(基本的) skill. It’s a way to stay healthy and is lifesaving in emergency situations. I believe making 18. mandatory(强制的) is necessary,” Yuan Jiaxiang, a junior in Tsinghua’s Department of Civil Engineering, told China Daily.
However, some said it has nothing to do with getting a degree. “It’s not reasonable to require people to be able to swim for them to graduate,” Zheng Xiaoyu, a high school student from the Middle School Affiliated to Northern Jiaotong University, told China Daily. “For a lot of people who grew up in inland cities, learning how to swim as an adult will be difficult.”
In fact, Chinese universities are not the only education organizations 19. encourage their students to swim. A few colleges in the United States - including Cornell, Columbia and MIT - offer swim classes to students. “Anything 20. (prevent) people from dying needlessly is a valuable skill,” Fred DeBruyn, director of aquatics(水上运动) at Cornell, told The New York Times.

【答案】
11. may/might
12. until
13. will be allowed
14. why
15. less harmful
16. to swim
17. due to/because of/owing to
18. it
19. that
20. preventing
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍游泳成功之道。
11. 考查情态动词。句意：许多人可能会说，你所要做的就是上课并通过考试。此处指不是很确定，故填may/might。
12. 考查not---until引导的时间状语从句。句意：据清华大学校长邱勇宣布，如果他们在大学课程开始时的游泳考试中不及格，那么他们只有通过考试才能获得学位。按照句义，他们将得不到他们的学位除非能成功通过考试，所以这里是not...until...“直到------才”引导的时间状语从句。故填until。
13. 考查一般将来时态的被动语态。句意：有一定身体或精神状况的学生，经医务人员证明，可以例外。首先确定本句没有谓语，应该是谓语动词，然后是例外会被允许，最后确定if条件状语从句中的主将从现，所以用一般将来时态的被动语态。故填will be allowed。
14. 考查宾语从句。句意：体育科学与教育部部长刘波解释了为什么学校将游泳能力与学位联系起来。解释之后应该是解释为什么，所以是why引导的宾语从句。故填why。
15. 考查形容词比较级。句意：游泳作为一项必不可少的生存技能，从长远来看对学生是有益的，因为作为一项水上运动，游泳有助于提高学生的耐力，对关节和肌肉的伤害较小。这里在讲游泳的好处，所以应是harmful 的降级比较级less harmful to joints and musles，故填less harmful。
16. 考查动词不定式做后置定语。句意：将游泳能力视为学生必须具备的能力，这对这所大学来说并不新鲜——在20世纪初，这也是一种要求。固定搭配：the ability to do sth, 做某事的能力。故填to swim。
17. 考查固定短语。句意：后来，由于学生人数的增加和设施的缺乏，这个项目被取消了。这件事情后来被放下了，由于......原因，所以填due to/because of/owing to。
18. 考查代词it。句意：我认为强制执行是必要的。这里是it作making的宾语，把这件事变为强制的是很必要的，it代指游泳。故填it。
19. 考查定语从句。句意：事实上，中国的大学并不是唯一鼓励学生游泳的教育机构。此处organizations是先行词，指物，后面的定语从句缺主语和引导词，理论上应该用that/which引导定语从句,但是前面有the only修饰先行词,所以只能填that。
20. 考查现在分词作后置定语。句意：任何防止人们无谓死亡的方法都是一种宝贵的技能。句子中已经有谓语动词is，所以这里应是非谓语动词，“任何阻止人们死亡的事情”是主动，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填doing。
3
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
It was a short flight from Shanghai to Xi’an. Xi’an is one of the four great ancient capitals of China 21. a history of over 3,100 years. 22. (date) from the Ming Dynasty, its ancient walls are the best preserved in the world. There are bicycles for people to hire. It is 23. (amaze) to ride along the walls to survey this fascinating city.
The Tang Dynasty Music and Dance show is not to be missed, but my favorite is an art gallery, 24. we can enjoy some beautiful artwork and learn how to write Chinese characters.
Most visitors make their way to Xi’an to see the life-size terracotta warriors (兵马俑) and we were not 25. (difference) at all. The collection, which shows the armies of the first Emperor of China, 26. (remain) hidden until 1974 when they were discovered by a farmer digging a well. Walking among the statues 27. (forbid) unless you are a VIP — but there are plenty of souvenir shops in which 28. (tourist) can buy the replicas (复制品) of them.
All too soon it was time 29. (leave). I really enjoyed my stay in Xi’an. It is indeed a place of interest worth 30. second visit.

【答案】
21. with
22. Dating
23. amazing
24. where
25. different
26. remained
27. is forbidden
28. tourists
29. to leave
30. a
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章是对古代四大古都之一——西安的一次访问。文章描述了西安的一些名胜古迹。
21. 考查介词。with表示“具有”之意。句意：西安是中国四大古都之一，具有3100多年的历史。故填with。
22. 考查非谓语动词。短语date from不能用于被动，故用现在分词作状语。句意：从明朝开始，它的古城墙是世界上保存最好的。故填Dating。
23. 考查形容词。此处的形容词用来形容“骑车绕城墙欣赏这个迷人的城市”这件事，故用-ing结尾的形容词。句意：沿着墙壁骑车调查这个迷人的城市真是太神奇了。故填amazing。
24. 考查定语从句。此处an art gallery是先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。句意：唐朝的歌舞表演是不容错过的，但我最喜欢的是一个艺术画廊，在那里我们可以欣赏一些美丽的艺术品，学习如何写汉字。故填where。
25. 考查形容词。系动词be动词后面用形容词作表语。句意：游客们不远万里来到西安，去看真人大小的兵马俑，我们也没有什么不同。故填different。
26. 考查时态。在这里remain（保持，依然）是一个连系动词，再根据后面的until 1974，可知句子用一般过去时态。句意：这些藏品展示了中国第一位皇帝的军队，直到1974年才被一个挖井的农民发现。故填remained。
27. 考查语态。句中动名词作主语，与动词forbid之间被动关系，故用被动语态。句意：在雕像中行走是被禁止的,除非你是贵宾。故填is forbidden。
28. 考查名词的数。名词tourist为可数名词，故用复数形式。句意：但商店里有许多纪念品，在那里游客可以买复制品。故填tourists。
29. 考查非谓语动词。固定句式：It is time to do sth.“现在是该做某事的时间了”。句意：很快就该离开了。故填to leave。
30. 考查冠词。a+ 序数词表示“又一、再一”，a second visit再一次拜访。句意：它是值得再拜访一次的名胜古迹。故填a。
4
阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当内容(1个单词)或填入括号内单词的正确形式。
English is a language 31. (bring) to Britain in the 5th century by Anglo-Saxon settlers from various parts of Northwest Germany. It is convenient to divide English into three periods roughly─Old English, Middle English, and Modern English.
The 32. (early) form of English is called Old English or Anglo-Saxon. Old English developed from a set of North Sea Germanic dialects 33. (origin) spoken along the coasts of Frisia, Lower Saxony, Jutland, and Southern Sweden by Germanic tribes known 34. the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. Later, Old English was strongly influenced by the North Germanic language Norse, spoken by the Vikings who settled mainly in the northwest. The most famous work from the Old English period is the epic poem Beowulf, written by 35. unknown poet. Old English is very different from Modern English and difficult for the 21st-century English speakers to understand.
For the 300 years following the Norman Conquest in 1066, the Norman kings and the nobility spoke only a 36. (vary) of French called Anglo-Norman. English continued to be the language of the common people. The Norman influence 37. (strong) the continual evolution of the language over the following centuries, resulting in 38. is now referred to as Middle English. And one of the best-known works from the Middle English period is Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales.
From the late 15th century, the language changed into Early Modern English, often dated from the Great Vowel Shift. English is continuously absorbing foreign words, especially Latin and Greek, causing English to have the largest vocabulary of any language in the world. By the late 18th century, the British Empire had sped the spread of English through its colonies and geopolitical dominance. Commerce, science and technology, diplomacy, art and formal education all contributed to English 39. (become) the first truly global language. As there are many words from different languages, the risk of mispronunciation is high. In 1755, Samuel Johnson published his A Dictionary of the English Language, 40. introduced a standard set of spelling conventions and usage norms.

【答案】
31. brought
32. earliest
33. originally
34. as
35. an
36. variety
37. strengthened
38. what
39. becoming
40. which
【解析】本文为记叙文。英语是五世纪由来自德国西北部各地区的盎格鲁-撒克逊移民带到英国的一种语言。英语大致可分为三个阶段——古英语、中英语和现代英语。本文叙述了英语的演变过程。
31. 考查非谓语作定语。句意：英语是五世纪由来自德国西北部各地区的盎格鲁-撒克逊移民带到英国的一种语言。分析句子可知，本空在句中作language的后置定语。二者是被动关系，语言是被带到....，且动作已完成，故要用过去分词brought。
32. 考查形容词最高级。句意：最早的英语形式被称为古英语或盎格鲁撒克逊语。根据文章的内容可知，英语演变经历了三个阶段，三者及三者以上的比较要用最高级。因此这儿是指最古老的英语形式，要用最高级，故填 earliest。
33. 考查副词。句意：古英语是由一套北海日耳曼方言发展而来的，这些方言最初是在弗里西亚沿海地区......使用的。本空在句中修饰动词spoke，修饰动词要用副词，故填originally。
34. 考查固定搭配。句意：古英语由一套北海日耳曼方言发展而来，这些方言最初在弗里西亚、下萨克森、日德兰和瑞典南部沿岸，日耳曼部落称为盎格鲁、撒克逊人和朱特人。be known as...为固定搭配，意为“以...闻名；称为......”，故填as。
35. 考查冠词。句意：古英语时期最著名的作品是一位不知名的诗人写的史诗......。句中的unknown为元音音素开头的，故要用an。
36. 考查名词。句意：诺曼国王和贵族只会说各种各样的法语，叫做盎格鲁诺曼。句中的a +名词 +of, 可知本空用名词.“a variety of...”为固定搭配，意为“各种各样的”，故填variety。
37. 考查谓语动词。句意：诺曼人的影响加强了随后几个世纪语言的持续演变。分析句子可知，本空在句中作谓语。根据语境可知，此句叙述是以前的事，所以要用一般过去时。而且主语与谓语动词是主动关系，故用一般过去时的主动语态，故填strengthened。
38. 考查名词从句。句意：诺曼人的影响加强了语言在随后几个世纪的持续演变，导致了现在被称为所谓的中英语。分析句子可知，result in 的宾语从句中缺少了主语，缺少主语一般要用what，故填 what。
39. 考查非谓语。句意：商务、科技、外交、艺术和正规教育都使英语成为第一种真正的全球语言。分析句子可知， become的逻辑主语是 English，二者是主动关系，故填becoming。
40. 考查定语从句。句意：1755年，塞缪尔·约翰逊出版了他的《英语词典》，其中介绍了一套标准的拼写惯例和用法规范。分析句子In 1755, Samuel Johnson published his A Dictionary of the English Language, _10__ introduced a standard set of spelling conventions and usage norms.是定语从句，其中先行词为A Dictionary of the English Language,在定语从句中作主语，因此要用关系词which。故填which。
5
There are all kinds of 41. (festival)throughout the world，festivals to satisfy and please the ancestors，to honour some famous people42. important events，and to express people’s gratitude to the God for bringing them a year of plenty.For example，Japanese observe Obon,when people go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. 43. India，October 2 is a national festival to honour Mohandas Gandhi，who helped India become an44. (depend) country.And in China the Spring Festival,45. is celebrated in January or February，is the46. (much)energetic and important because it is a festival that47. (look) forward to the coming of spring.Why are all these festivals everywhere？Because during the festivals，people can get together 48. ( eat)，drink and have fun with each other,49. (forget) all the 50. (day) struggles and demands for a while.

【答案】
41. festivals
42. or
43. In
44. independent
45. which
46. most
47. looks
48. to eat
49. forgetting
50. daily
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，以三个国家的节日为例介绍了世界上有很多节日及其意义。
41. 考查名词复数。句意：世界上有各种各样的节日。all kinds of修饰可数名词复数，故填festivals。
42. 考查连词。句意：这些节日以纪念一些著名的人或重要的事件。根据句意可知此处表示“或者”，故填or。
43. 考查介词。句意：在印度，10月2日是一个全国性的节日，以纪念帮助印度成为一个独立国家的莫罕达斯·甘地。表示“在某一国家”用介词in，故填In。
44. 考查形容词。句意参考上题解析，修饰名词country用形容词，故填independent。
45. 考查非限定性定语从句。句意：在中国，人们在一月或二月庆祝春节。此处为非限定性定语从句，关系词指代先行词the Spring Festival，并在从句中作主语，故填which。
46. 考查形容词最高级。句意：春节是最充满活力和最重要的，因为它是一个期待春天到来的节日。the修饰形容词最高级，故填most。
47. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意参考上题解析，陈述的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时，that引导定语从句，指代a festival，是第三人称单数，因此谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填looks。
48. 考查不定式。句意：因为在节日期间，人们可以聚在一起吃喝玩乐，暂时忘却所有日常的烦扰。此处表示目的，应该用不定式作目的状语，故填to eat。
49. 考查非谓语动词。句意参考上题解析，people与forget之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作状语，故填forgetting。
50. 考查形容词。句意参考第8题解析，修饰名词struggles and demands用形容词，故填daily。
6
Strange things were 51. (happen) in the countryside of northeast Hebei. For three days the water in the village wells 52. (rise) and fell. Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in 53. (they). A smelly gas came out of the cracks. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous 54. (eat). Mice ran out of the field 55. (look) for places to hide. Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds. 56. about 3:00 am on July 28th, 1976, some people saw 57. (brightly) lights in the sky. The sound of planes could 58. (hear) outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. 59. the one million people of the city, 60. thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.

【答案】
51. happening
52. rose
53. them
54. to eat
55. looking
56. At
57. bright
58. be heard
59. But
60. who
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍地震来临之前出现很多反常现象，很多动物躁动不安，但是城里的人没有什么察觉。
51. 考查动词时态。句意：河北东北部的乡村正发生一些奇怪的事情。根据上文were可知为过去进行时，故填happening。
52. 考查动词时态。句意：三天来，村里井里的水涨了又跌。根据下文并列谓语and fell可知应用一般过去时rose。
53. 考查人称代词。句意：农民们注意到井壁上有很深的裂缝。介词in后跟人称代词宾格形式，故填them。
54. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在农场里，鸡甚至猪都紧张得吃不下东西。本句为too…to…结构，表示“太……以致于不能……”，故填to eat。
55. 考查非谓语动词。句意：老鼠跑出田野，寻找藏身之处。本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词，故look只能做非谓语动词与逻辑主语mice构成主谓关系，用现在分词，故填looking。
56. 考查介词。句意：1976年7月28日凌晨3点左右，一些人看到天空中有明亮的灯光。根据下文about 3:00 am on July 28th, 1976为时间点可知应填介词At。
57. 考查形容词。light为名词需要形容词修饰，故填bright。
58. 考查被动语态。句意：即使天空中没有飞机，在唐山城外也能听到飞机的声音。本句主语The sound of planes与谓语动词构成被动，且could后用动词原形，故填be heard。
59. 考查连词。句意：但是，这座城市的100万居民，对这些事件并不以为然，那天晚上像往常一样睡着了。根据句意前后文为转折关系，故用but。
60. 考查定语从句连接词。本句为定语从句修饰先行词one million people，且先行词在定语从句中做主语，指人，故用关系代词who。
7
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
For the first time in 94 years, the Palace Museum has extended its opening hours, allowing the public to celebrate the Lantern Festival at night in the ancient palace.
About 3,000 lucky visitors received free tickets from the government, among 61. was Zhang Zhifu, a 77-year-old public security volunteer. It’s a mark of gratitude for her volunteer work. “It is 62. (true) an honor to be granted this special privilege,” Zhang said.
To guarantee the 63. (safe) of the palace, festival organizers 64. (plan) this year’s Lantern Festival event used LED lights rather than traditional paper lanterns and red candles. It’s a fascinating event for visitors to absorb 65. (they) in the festive atmosphere in the museum. Discussion of the Palace Museum’s new look lit up social media following Tuesday’s display.
Since he became director of the Palace Museum, Shan Jixiang 66. (bring) many changes to the world’s 67. (large) royal complex (建筑群). Once in a speech the 64-year-old director shared his idea about how to make traditional 68. (treasure) come alive again. “ 69. matters to a museum is not how many visitors they have, but how close they are 70. people’s daily lives,” he said.

【答案】
61. whom
62. truly
63. safety
64. planning
65. themselves
66. has brought
67. largest
68. treasures
69. What
70. to
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了故宫博物院94年来首次延长开放时间，允许公众在晚上在这座古老的宫殿里庆祝元宵节，并且吸引了很多游客。
61. 考查定语从句连接词。句意：大约3000名幸运的游客获得了政府的免费门票，其中包括77岁的公安志愿者张志福。whom引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词visitors，且在定语从句中作介词among的宾语，指人，故填whom。
62. 考查副词。句意：张说:“能被授予这样的特权真的是我的荣幸。”副词修饰整句话，故填truly。。
63. 考查名词。句意：为了保证故宫的安全，今年元宵节活动的组织者使用LED灯而不是传统的纸灯笼和红蜡烛。根据the可知填写名词，博物馆的安全，故填safety。
64. 考查非谓语动词。organizers与plan是主动关系，故填现在分词做后置定语，故填planning。
65. 考查反身代词。句意：这是一个吸引人的事件，让游客沉浸在博物馆的节日气氛中。短语absorb oneself in表示“集中注意力在……上”，指代visitors，故填themselves。
66. 考查动词时态。句意：自从成为故宫博物院院长以来，单霁翔给这个世界上最大的皇家建筑群带来了许多变化。根据since可知填写现在完成时，主语是单数名词，故填has brought。
67. 考查形容词最高级。句意：世界上最大的皇家建筑群。根据句意可知应填形容词最高级，故填largest。
68. 考查名词的数。句意：在一次演讲中，这位64岁的导演分享了他关于如何让传统宝藏重新焕发生机的想法。treasure为可数名词，此处表示数量不止一个，故填名词复数treasures。
69. 考查名词性从句连接词。句意：“对博物馆来说，重要的不是有多少游客，而是他们离人们的日常生活有多近，”他说。what引导主语从句，因为从句中缺少主语，故填What。
70. 考查介词。短语be close to表示“靠近，接近”，故填介词to。
8
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Imagine 71. （take） a photo of an apple on the moon with your smartphone. It seems 72. possible）, right? But that's what it was like73. scientists to take a photo of a black hole in space. In spite of many challenges, scientists have finally gotten the first image of a black hole.
Black holes are one of the most mysterious things in 74. universe. According to Einstein's theory, a black hole comes from a dying star. 75. collapses（坍塌）into a small point with a lot of mass and strong gravity.The strong gravity of black hole allows it 76. （pull） other things in and "eat"them.Not even light can escape a black hole.
The photo proves Einstein was right . It makes the general theory of relativity 77. （believe）.Although they are mysterious, it is likely that black holes are 78. （actual） quite common. Scientists believe that every large galaxy has a big black hole at its center-the one in our galaxy 79. （call） Sagittarius A. Considering this, studying black holes can tell us many things about other galaxies 80. even the entire universe.

【答案】
71. taking
72. impossible
73. for
74. the
75. which
76. to pull
77. believable
78. actually
79. is called
80. and / or
【解析】这是一篇说明文。介绍拍摄黑洞照片非常不容易，而黑洞照片也证实了爱因斯坦的广义相对论。科学家们现在对黑洞照片进行研究，也许能够解决宇宙中更大的谜团。
71. 考查非谓语动词。句意：想象一下用你的智能手机在月球上拍一张苹果的照片。短语image doing sth“想象做莫事”后跟-ing形式，故填taking。
72. 考查形容词。句意：这似乎是不可能的，对吧？根据句意可知表示“不可能的”，应填impossible。
73. 考查介词。句意: 但对于科学家们来说这就是在太空中拍摄黑洞的感觉。表示“对于……；就……而言”应填介词for。
74. 考查冠词。句意：黑洞是宇宙中最神秘的东西之一。短语in the universe“在宇宙中”，故填冠词the。
75. 考查定语从句连接词。句意：根据爱因斯坦的理论，黑洞来自一颗垂死的恒星，它坍缩成一个小点，质量很大，引力很大。本句为定语从句修饰先行词a dying star且先行词在从句中做主语，指物，故填which。
76. 考查非谓语动词。句意：黑洞的强大引力使它能把其他东西拉进去“吃掉”。短语allow to do “允许做……”后跟不定式，故填to pull。
77. 考查形容词。句意：它使广义相对论可信。本句为形容词作宾语补足语。表示“使……怎么样”，故填believable。
78. 考查副词。句意：虽然黑洞很神秘，但它很可能是相当普遍的。修饰形容词common应用副词，故填actually。
79. 考查动词时态语态。句意：科学家们认为，每个大星系的中心都有一个大黑洞——我们星系中的这个黑洞被称为人马座A。描述客观真理用一般现在时，且主语与谓语构成被动关系，故填is called。
80. 考查连词。句意：考虑到这一点，研究黑洞可以告诉我们许多关于其他星系甚至整个宇宙的事情。短语and/or even“甚至；乃至”，故填and/or。
9
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
last Thursday, there was a big fire in a big shop in our city. At 8:16 that morning,81. the employees were working busily in the 4-storeyed building, heavy smoke was seen 82. (come) out of the windows on the second floor. The fire lasted nearly an hour, and the majority of the 345 employees managed 83. (escape) from the fire. Unfortunately, 7were killed, and 23 injured, lightly or seriously.
Some workers 84. (complain) that aids came too late, 85. the firemen did come just 10 minutes after the fire was reported. To rescue everyone from the burning and smoking building in such a short time was too difficult. The only two exits of the big building were not enough for so many people to withdraw in86. hurry.
The reason of the fire, according to an investigator, was 87. someone broke the non-smoking rule in the factory, because some cigarette ends 88. (find). Next two weeks, 15 inspection teams will be working in all the factories 89. turn, aiming to clear away the possibility of more fires. 90. (hope), no disasters like this will happen again.

【答案】
81. when
82. coming
83. to escape
84. complained
85. but
86. a
87. that
88. were found
89. in
90. Hopefully
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。上周五一个商店失火，造成了人员伤亡。失火原因据说是烟头引起的。接下来的两周内，会有15队检查组轮流巡查，以清除更多火灾发生的可能性。
81. 考查定语从句。句意：那天早上8:16，当这栋四层楼里的员工正在忙碌工作时，浓烟从二层的窗口被看见冒了出来。这是一个定语从句，先行词为8:16 that morning，表示时间，且从句缺少时间状语，故填when。
82. 考查分词。句意同上。smoke与come之间是主动关系，故填coming。
83. 考查不定式。句意：火持续了将近一个小时，345名员工中大多数人从火里逃了出来。“manage to do sth.”意为“成功做成某事”，故填to escape。
84. 考查时态。句意：一些员工抱怨救援来的太晚，但是消防员的确在火势报道出来的十分钟内就赶到了。这篇文章使用的是一般过去时，且由后半个分句中的did也可知，这句话应使用一般过去时。故填complained。
85. 考查连词。句意同上。根据句意，前后分句间是转折关系，故填but。
86. 考查冠词。句意：这栋大楼仅有的两个出口不足以让这么多人如此匆忙地撤出。“in a hurry”意为“立即，匆忙”，为固定搭配。故填a。
87. 考查表语从句。句意：据调查者说，火因是某人违反了工厂的禁烟规则，因为一些烟头被找到了。空格位于was后，且空格后是一句完整的陈述句，不缺句子成分，所以这是一个表语从句，填that。
88. 考查被动语态和时态。句意同上。全文使用的是一般过去时，所以这句话也应使用一般过去时。“some cigarette ends”与find之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。且some cigarette ends是名词的复数形式，故填were found。
89. 考查介词短语。句意：接下来的两周内，会有15队检查组轮流上班，以清除更多火灾发生的可能性。“in turn”翻译为“轮流，依次”，是固定搭配。故填in。
90. 考查副词。句意：希望这样的灾难不要再发生。空格位于句首，修饰整个句子，应用副词形式。故填Hopefully。
10
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
When meeting people at the airport, most people smile and shake hands with people they meet. We know that a smile is usually a sign that people feel friendly and happy, 91. what if we don’t know who the new person is? What if we are not 92. (introduce) by a friend? Sometimes people are dangerous and humans have to find ways to protect 93. (themself). We have to make sure we can trust people we do not know, and we have to show that we are not dangerous, showing our hands means that we are not armed. In many cultures today, the Western custom of94. (shake) hands is used. We use our right hand, which is usually 95. (strong) than the left one. If we are using our hand this way, it cannot be holding a knife or a gun. It shows that we can trust each other.
Not all cultures use the handshake, and people in many Asian cultures do not always touch another person. Japanese people might cover one hand with 96. other hand, depending on 97. they are greeting, bow 98. (slight) or quite low. A Muslim will touch his heart, mouth and forehead 99. (show) respect. They are all keeping their hands busy. In almost all cultures, to smile and show an open right hand 100. (mean). "Welcome, you are safe with me."

【答案】
91. but
92. introduced
93. themselves
94. shaking
95. stronger
96. the
97. whom/who
98. slightly
99. to show
100. means
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了世界各地几种常见的问候礼仪。
91. 考查连词。句意：我们知道微笑通常是人们感到友好和快乐的标志，但如果我们不知道这个新面孔是谁呢?根据句意可知前后是转折关系，故填but。
92. 考查语态。句意：如果不是通过朋友介绍又会怎样呢？we与introduce之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，故填introduced。
93. 考查代词。句意：有时候人是危险的，人们需要想办法保护自己。根据句意可知此处表示“他们自己”，故填themselves。
94. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在今天的许多文化中，都使用了西方握手的习俗。作介词of的宾语用动名词，故填shaking。
95. 考查形容词比较级。句意：我们通常用右手，右手比左手更有力。“than”表明此处用形容词比较级，故填stronger。
96. 考查冠词。句意：日本人可能会用另一只手捂住另一只手，这取决于他们在和谁打招呼，鞠躬的幅度也不同（轻微鞠躬还是把腰弯得很低）。the other表示“两者中的另一个”，故填the。
97. 考查宾语从句。句意参考上题解析，分析句子结构可知此处为宾语从句，从句中的greeting缺少宾语，故填whom/who。
98. 考查副词。句意参考第6题解析，修饰动词bow用副词，故填slightly。
99. 考查非谓语动词。句意：穆斯林会触摸自己的心、嘴和前额来表示尊重。此处表示目的，应该用不定式作目的状语，故填to show。
100. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：几乎在所有的文化中，微笑和伸出右手都表示“欢迎，你和我在一起很安全”。讲述的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时，不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填means。