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备战2022年高考英语语法框架记忆+提升专练(全国通用）
13 强调句、省略句与倒装句
【知识框架】
I.强调句
强调的类别
说 明
例 句
It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)…
为了强调句子的某一成分（通常是主语、宾语或状语），常用强调结构：
It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)…
表示强调的it在这种结构的
句子中作主句的主语。
原始句：Last night I saw a film in the Youth Palace.
强调主语：It was I that (or: who) saw a film in the Youth Palace last night.
强调宾语：It was a fiml that I saw in the Youth Palace last night.
强调地点状语：It was in the Youth Palace that I saw a film last night.
强调时间状语：It was last night that I saw a film in the Youth Palace.
一般讲，原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来各种时态，用It is…that (who)…；如果原句谓语动词是过去各种时态，则用It was… that(who)…。
注意点
①在强调主语时，that后的谓语动词要与被强调者保持人称和数的
It is I who am a teacher.
②即使被强调的主语是复数，主句中的谓语动词也用单数
It is they who often help me with my lessons.
③在强调时间、地点、原因、或方式状语时，不要用when,where,why
或 how ，而用that
It was because her mother was ill that she didn't go with us.
④在强调not … until 结构中由 until 短语（或从句）表示的时间状语时，
要用固定的强调句型
It is(was) not until ...that...。that 从句中的谓语动词用肯定式。
My father didn't come home until 12 o'clock last night.
It was not until 12 o'clock last night that my father came home.
⑤在强调一般疑问句中的某一成分时，主句要用一般疑问句的语序：
把is/ was提到it前面。
Did this happen in Beijing?
Was it in Beijing that this happened?
⑥特殊疑问句中只有疑问词可以强调，其强调结构是“被强调部分（通
常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/was + it + that/ who + 其它部分?"
Where were you born?
Where was it that you were born?
⑦not …until…句型的强调句[来源:学|科|网Z|X|X|K]
句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分
原始句：He didn’t go to bed until/ till his wife came back.
强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通
用；因为句型中It is/ was not … 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句
要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。
谓语动词的强调
It is/ was … that …结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或did。
Do sit down. 务必请坐。
He did write to you last week.上周他确实给你写了信。
Do be careful when you cross the street.
过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！
此种强调只用do/does和did ，没有别的形式；过去时用did，后面的谓语动词用原形。

II.省略句
类别
具体内容
例句
词






法






上





的





省






略
名词所有格后修饰的名词在以下情况可以省略
①如果名词所有格修饰的名词在前文已出现，则可以省略。
②名词所有格后修饰的名词如果是指商店、住宅等地点时，这些名词也常常省略。
These are John's books and those are Mary's (books).
这些是约翰的书，那些是玛丽的书。
at the doctor's 在诊所 at Mr. Green's 在格林先生家
to my uncle's 到我叔叔家 at the barber's 在理发店
冠词的省略
①为了避免重复
②在副词的最高级前面的定冠词常可以省略。
③在某些独立主格结构中。
④在as引导的让步状语从句中，当作表语的单数名词提前时，不定冠词要省略。
①The lightning flashed and thunder crashed.电闪雷鸣。
（thunder前省略了定冠词the）
②She sings best in the class.她在班上唱歌唱得最好。
③Our teacher came in, book in hand.
(=Our teacher came in, with a book in his hand.)
我们的老师手里拿着一本书进来了。
④Child as he is, he knows a lot.
虽然他还是一个孩子，却懂得很多
介词的省略
①both 后常跟of短语，其后可以接名词复数形式，也可以接代词宾格复数形式。接复数名词时，介词of可以省略，但接代词宾格时，of不能省略。
②在现在完成时表持续和重复的句型中，一段时间前的介词for可以省略。
③和一些动词搭配构成的短语中的介词，consider... (as)..., prevent / stop... (from)doing...,
have trouble / difficulty... (in) doing...,spend... (in / on) doing... 等中的介词可以省略。
①Both (of) the films were interesting. 这两部电影都很有趣。
She invited both of us to her birthday party.
她邀请我们俩去参加她的生日派对。
②These shoes are worn out. They have lasted (for) a long time.
这双鞋穿破了，已经穿了很长一段时间了。
③Trees can prevent the earth (from) being washed away.
树能阻止泥土被冲走。
Can you stop him (from) going swimming in the river?
你能阻止他下河洗澡吗？
I have some difficulty (in) answering the question.
回答这个问题我有点困难。
①有些动词，believe, find, think, feel, consider, imagine, prove等后作宾补的结构。
to be + n. / adj.中的to be可以省略。
②感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice 等以及使役动词let, make, have后作宾补的动词不定式，
其中的不定式符号to要省略，但变为被动结构时，to必须保留。
③在can not but, can not choose but, can not help but之后的动词不定式一般不带to；but之前有实
义动词do的某个形式do, does, did, done 时，也不带to, 否则要带to。

④在并列结构中为了避免重复。




⑤在why, why not 引导的特殊问句中后跟省略to的动词不定式。
⑥动词不定式中动词原形部分是否省略，主要看句子前面是否已出现过同样的动词。如果句子前面出现过同样的动词，为了避免重复，句子后面的不定式常省略动词原形，而保留不定式符号to。





















①I consider him (to be) lazy.我认为他懒。
His mother found him (to be) a clever boy.
他母亲发觉他是一个很聪明的孩子。
②They made the boy go to bed early.他们强迫这个男孩早睡。
The boy was made to go to bed early. 这个男孩被迫早睡。
注：help后作宾补的动词不定式中的to可以省略也可保留。

③We have nothing to do now but wait.
我们现在除了等没有别的事可做。
I can not but admire his courage. 我不能不钦佩他的勇敢。
He has no choice but to accept the fact.
除了接受这个事实他别无选择。
④I'm really puzzled what to think or say.
我真不知道该怎么想，怎么说才好。
但两个不定式有对照或对比的意义时，则后一个to不能省。
I came not to scold but to praise you.
我来不是责备你，而是赞美你。
⑤Why talk so much about it?为什么大谈这个事呢？
Why not try it again? 为什么不再试一试呢？
⑥They may go if they wish to(go).
如果他们想去，他们就可以去。
Don't go till I tell you to.直到我告诉你去，你才可以去。
在一些动词afford, agree, expect, forget, mean, pretend, remember, want, refuse, hope, wish, would like (love), try等后跟动词不定式作宾语，不定式中的to可以承前（后)省略。
—Will you go to the cinema with me?
你愿和我一起去看电影吗？
—Well, I'd like to (go with you). 我愿意。
I would do it for you, but I don't know how to (do it for you).
我想为你做这事，但我又不知如何做。
在某些形容词，afraid, glad, willing, happy, eager等后承前省
略动词原形，只保留不定式符号to。
—Will you join us in the game?
你愿和我们一起做这个游戏吗？
—Sure, I'll be glad to(join you in the game). 当然，我愿意。
有些动词，tell, ask, allow, expect, force, invite, permit, persuade, order, warn, wish, would like,forbid等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语、主语补足语时，不定式承前省略动词原形， 保留动词不定式符号to。
He didn't come, though we had invited him to (come).
尽管我们邀请他来，他却没来。
注：承前省略的动词不定式如果有助动词have或be，则要保留be或have。
—Are you a teacher? 你是老师吗？
—No, but I used to be (a teacher).不，我以前是。
句






法






上






的






省






略
简单句中的省略
①感叹句中常省略主语和谓语。
②在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。
①What a hot day (it is)!多热的天啊！
How wonderful!多妙啊！
②—（Will you）Have a smoke?你抽烟吗？
—No.Thanks.不，谢谢了。
（Is there）Anything else to say?还有别的要说吗？
并列句中的省略
①如果主语不同，而谓语动词中的一部分相同，则省略谓语动词中相同的那部分。
②主语相同，谓语动词也相同，则二者都可以省略。
③主语相同，而谓语不同，则可以省略主语。
④在并列复合句中，如果that从句从属于第二个并列句且它的谓语动词和宾语等其它一些成分与第一个并列句相同时，这个that从句通常可以省略这些相同的部分。
①John must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.
约翰一定在踢球，而玛丽一定在做作业。
②His suggestions made John happy, but (his suggestions made) Mary angry.
他的建议使约翰高兴，却使玛丽很生气。
③Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but (he) soon returned to his old ways.
老麦克唐纳戒了一阵子烟，可很快又抽上了。
④Jack will sing at the party, but I know John won't （sing at the party）.
杰克将在晚会上唱歌，但我知道约翰不会在晚会上唱歌。
复合句中的省略
▲名词性从句中的省略
①作宾语的what从句中的谓语动词与主句的相同，则what从句可以省略谓语，甚至主语


②有时候也可以根据说话的情景来省略主句中的一些成分。
③在某些表虚拟语气的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，从句谓语动词中的助动词should可以省略。
▲定语从句中的省略
①在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that, which, who (whom)常可以省略。


②关系副词when, where, why以及that在the time(day, morning, afternoon, evening, night, week,
month, year等) when, the place(desk, table, room, spot, house, town, country, school等)where, the reason why, the way that结构中引导限制性定语从句时，在非正式场合下，可以省略关系副词when, where, why, that。
▲状语从句中的省略
当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，或状语从句中的主语是it，并且又含有be动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。
①在as, before, till, once, when, while等引导的时间状语从句中。
②在though, although,等引导的让步状语从句中。
③在if, unless(=if... not)等引导的条件状语从句中。

④在as, as if, as though引导的让步状语从句中。


⑤在as(so)... as..., than引导的比较状语从句中。
复合句中的省略
▲名词性从句中的省略
①Someone has used my bike, but I don't know who (has used it).
有人用了我的自行车，但我不知道是谁。
He has gone, but no one knows where (he has gone).
他走了，但没人知道他去哪儿了。
②（I'm）Sorry I've kept you waiting so long.
对不起，让你久等了。
③It's important that we (should) speak to the old politely.
我们对老人说话要有礼貌，这很重要。

▲定语从句中的省略
①The man(who/whom)I saw is called Smith.
我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。
Where is the book (which) I bought this morning?
今天上午我买的那本书在哪儿？
②I shall never forget the day (when) we first met.
我永远也不会忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。
The reason (why) he came so early is his own affair.
他来这么早是他自己的事。
The way (that) you answered the questions was admirable.
你回答这些问题的方式令人钦佩。

▲状语从句中的省略



①While（I was）waiting, I was reading some magazines.
我一边看杂志，一边等。
②Though (they were) tired, they went on working.
虽然他们累了，但他们仍继续工作。
③You shouldn't come to his party unless (you were) invited.
除非你被邀请，否则你不应该来参加他的宴会。
④He did as (he had been) told. 他按照被告知的那样去做了。
He paused as if (he was) expecting her to speak.
他停下来，好像是在期待她说话。
⑤He did as (he had been) told. 他按照被告知的那样去做了。
He paused as if (he was) expecting her to speak.
他停下来，好像是在期待她说话。
I know you can do better than he (can do).
我知道你能比他做得更好。
This car doesn't run as fast as that one (does).
这辆小车不及那辆跑得快。

III.倒装句
类 型
情 况
例 句
部分倒装
（部分倒装是把be动词、情态动词、助动词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词,要在主语之前加助动词do/does /did等,而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。）
句首状语为否定词或半否定词的句子。
这类词或短语主要有never, neither, nor, little,seldom,rarely,hardly,scarcely,no sooner, not only,in no way,at no time,few, not,no等
Not a word did I say to him.
Never have I found him so happy.
Little does he care about what I said.
I can’t swim. Neither can he.
No sooner had he gone to bed than he fell asleep.
Hardly/Scarcely had he gone to bed when he fell asleep.
only+状语放在句首,要部分倒装
Only by this means is it possible to explain it. (介词短语)
Only then did I realize the importance of math. (副词)
Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. (从句)
注意:如果only后面不是状语,则不用倒装。
OnlyWang Ling knows this.
so或so引导的短语放在句首,要部分倒装
I saw the film, so did she.
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.
“Not only+分句,but also+分句”句型中的前一分句要部分倒装“Not only + 分句,but also + 分句”句型中的前一分句要部分倒装
Not only does John love Chinese, he is also good at speaking it.
但not only...but also...连接主语时,不倒装。
Not only the mother but also the children are sick.
Not until放在句首,从句不倒装,主句倒装
Not until last week did they find the lost bike. (简单句)
Not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time. (复合句)
as/though引导的让步状语从句
Proud as these nobles are, he’s afraid to see me.
Tired as he was, he kept on running.
Tired though he was, he kept on running.
=Though he was tired,he kept on running
Child as he is,he knows a lot.(注意：child前没有冠词a)
在以often, well, many a time, now and again
等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构
Many a time has John given me good advice.
Often have we made that test.
在虚拟结构中，条件从句的谓语含有were,
had 和should这三个词是，可省去if，将
这些词移至主语之前。
Had I time (= If I had time), I would go and help you.
Were I you (= If I were you), I would go abroad.
Should he come (=If he should come), tell him to ring me up.
用于某些表示祝愿的句子里
May you succeed!
完全倒装
There be结构。另外,在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有:exist, seem, happen, appear,live, rise, stand等
There stood a dog before him.
There exist different opinions on this question.
“Here,There, Now, Then + come (或be等) + 主语” 结构
说明:本句型中there是副词,应重读,强调地点。而前一句型中的there是引导词,本身没意义
Here comes the old lady!
Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.
There comes the bus.
Now comes your turn.
除了then引导的句子用过去式以外,其余的均用一般现在时,表示一种生动的描述。其次,如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。
Here you are.
There she comes.
表示方向的副词out, in, up, down等置于句首,要用全部倒装。
In came Mr White.
Up went the arrow into the air.
Away went the boy.
表示地点的介词短语 (如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house,in the middle of the room等)放在句首时,要全部倒装
On the top of the hill stands a pine tree.
In front of the classroom is a playground.
They arrived at a house, in front of which sat an old man.
其它形式的完全倒装
Present at the meeting was Mr. Green, a headmaster.（形容词短语）
Such was the story he told me.（代词）
East of the city lies a new railway. (副词短语)
First to be completed was the seven-storey teaching building. (不定式短语)
Gone are the days when my heart was young and gay. (过去分词)
Lying on the floor was a boy aged 15. (现在分词短语)
用于某些表示祝愿的句子里
Long live the People’s Republic of China!
【能力提升】
1. Not until I shouted at the top of my voice ________ his head.
A. that he turned B. did he turn C. he didn’t turn D. he had turned
2. —________ exciting news it is! Disneyland in Shanghai has opened to the public!
—________. We plan to go there this summer holiday.
A. What an; So is it B. What; So it is
C. How; So it is D. How; So is it
3. Only when I read the story for a second time ______ to appreciate its beauty.
A. I began B. that I began C. did I begin D. had I begun
4. With the top-down educational reform _______ many challenges in the classroom which deserve some serious thinking.
A. comes B. is coming C. are coming D. come
5. _________ that no one was ever prepared for it.
A. So suddenly did the bad news come B. So suddenly the bad news came
C. So did the bad news come suddenly D. Did the bad news come so suddenly
6. Under no circumstance ________ to tell lies to her parents.
A. she is allowed B. will she allow
C. she will allow D. is she allowed
7. Only when I left my parents for Italy ________ how much I loved them.
A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize
8. --- Are you going to the cinema this evening?
--- If you don’t go, ________.
A. neither do I B. Nor will I C. So will I D. So do I
9. —Are you going to see the film tomorrow? —I have no idea. If you don't, ________ .
A. nor shall I B. nor do I C. me, too D. so won't I
10. It is in Afghanistan ________ people generally live to age 45.
A. that B. which C. where
11. I’m afraid there ________ a meeting at 3 pm. It’s a pity I can’t join you.
A. was B. are C. has been D. will be
12. When ________ for his views about his job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
A. asking B. asked C. to ask D. having asked
13. It was not ______ she took off her dark glasses ______ I realized she was a famous film star.
A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then
14. Though _____ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in
15. It was not until spring 2008, when Sarah and Brown shared a flight between London and Washington, ________they got to know each other properly.
A. where B. what C. before D. that
16. He knew that it is cholera _________ would never be controlled until its cause was found.
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
17. When _________ to your Chinese friend’s home, you’d better arrive on time or a little earlier.
A. being invited B. inviting C. invited D. to be invited
18. It was on the National Day____________she met with her separated sister.
A. where B. that C. when D. which
19. _______ the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
A. Comparing with B. When compared with
C. To compare with D. Being compared with
20. It was not until we had sat down to eat________ we got back to the subject of Tom.
A. what B. that C. which D. when
21. If _______ in, the viruses in the tomb can _______ illness, or even death.
A. breathes; contribute to B. breathing; lead to
C. breathed; result in D. breathed; result from
22. Professor Smith, here is an article I’ve just written, will you please read it through and correct the mistakes, ________?
A. if any B. if some C. if so D. if not
23. While ________ in the classroom, I was nervous about my unfinished schoolwork.
A. sat B. I sat C. sitting D. was sitting
24. While riding in the street, ________.
A. someone called me from behind B. my bike broke down
C. I heard my name called D. an old man knocked down
25. If ________ in danger, please calm down and shout for help immediately.
A. trapped B. trapping C. having trapped D. to be trapped
26. —Would you like to go to the cinema tonight?
—I'd like________, but I am too busy.
A. so B. to C. it D. /
27. Unless ________ to speak, most college students here prefer remaining silent in class.
A. having invited B. inviting C. invited D. being invited
28. --- Would you like to come to the party?
---________ .
A. I'd love B. I'd love to C. I'd like D. I'd love liking
29. When ________, the new stadium will hold 50,000 people.
A. completing B. completed C. be completed D. having completed
30. Though ________confidence, Nora Xu did extremely well in conducting a choir.
A. lack of B. lacking
C. lacking of D. lacked
31. It was not until he got to the office ________ he remembered ________ the key home.
A. when; leaving B. when; to leave C. that; leaving D. that; to leave
32. It was when he was about to eat __________ someone knocked at the door .
A. that B. so C. then D. before
33. It was what he said ________ annoyed me.
A. how B. that C. who D. whose
34. Could it be in the room ________ we had a talk last night ________ you left your keys?
A. that; where B. in which; where C. where; that D. where; where
35. It is only after my father was long gone ________ understand his deep love for me.
A. I could B. could I C. that I could D. when I could
36. —I wonder ______ made some students give up this year’s college entrance exam.
—Perhaps the present situation of employment.
A. what was it that B. what it was that C. what was that it D. what was that
37. Is it the driver or the passerby ________is________for the accident?
A. whom; to blame B. who; to be blamed
C. that; to be blamed D. that; to blame
38. It is ________ Tony often plays computer games behind his parents’ back ________ makes his parents worried about him.
A. what; that B. that; what C. that; that D. / ; that
39. It was what he meant rather than what he did ________ annoyed me.
A. which B. as C. that D. what
40. It ________in this new hall ________ was just set up last month ________ we held an important meeting yesterday.
A. is; which; that B. was; which; what C. is; that; which D. was; which; that
41. Though________ of the danger, the old man still went into the jungle alone, with only a dog alongside.
A. warning B. to warn C. warn D. warned
42. John's success has nothing to do with good luck. It's years of hard work ________ has made him what he is today.
A. which B. that C. what D. \
43. ________, we still find it interesting.
A. Stressful as school life is B. Stressful though is school life
C. Stressful although is school life D. Stressful if school life is
44. Was it in Tianjin ________ you spent your childhood?
A. when B. which C. that D. why
45. If in a scientific way, this kind of dog will be able to work as a guide for the blind.
A. training B. having trained C. trained D. to train



参考答案
1. B
【解析】考查倒装句。句意：直到我声嘶力竭地喊叫，他才转过头来。在...not...until...(直到……才……)句型中，当为了进行强调，把时间状语until...与否定副词not一起置于句首时，会引起主句的部分倒装，把句中be动词、情态动词或助动词放到主语前面，如果没有上述三类词，加上助动词do的相应形式置于主语之前，构成部分倒装。句中时间状语“Not until I shouted at the top of my voice”置于句首，导致主句部分倒装，把助动词do的过去式形式置于主语his head之前，构成倒装句。故选 B项。
2. B
【解析】考查感叹句和倒装句。句意：——这是多么令人兴奋的消息啊！上海迪士尼乐园已经对外开放了！——的确如此。我们计划今年暑假去那里。首先看空格一，句中涉及感叹句型“What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语”，句中“news”意为“消息”，为不可数名词，故空格处填“What”；再看空格二，句中表示说话者对前句提到的情况或事实表示赞同，故应用“so+主语+助动词/情态动词/系动词”，意为“……确实如此”，故空格二应用“So it is”，“so+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”意为“……也是如此”，不符合语境。故选B项。
3. C
【解析】考查倒装。句意：只有当我第二次读这个故事时，我才开始欣赏它的美。Only+状语从句置于句首时，主句要部分倒装。根据句意可知，本句陈述过去的事实，要用一般过去时，因此将助动词did提到主语I 之前，构成部分倒装。故选C。
4. D
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：自上而下的教育改革给课堂带来了许多挑战，值得我们认真思考。分析句子结构可知，此句为倒装句，主语是many challenges为复数；根据“which deserve some serious thinking”可知，应用一般现在时，故选D。
5. A
【解析】考查倒装句。句意：坏消息来得如此突然，以致于没有人事先做好准备。副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时，句子用部分倒装结构，根据从句的时态可知主句用一般过去时，故部分倒装借助助动词did，置于主语之前。故选A。
6. D
【解析】考查倒装句。句意：在任何情况下她都不允许对父母说谎。状语Under no circumstance放句首，句子要用部分倒装。原句陈述结构为： she is allowed to tell lies to her parents under no circumstance. 部分倒装将be动词提到主语之前。故选D。
7. D
【解析】考查时态和倒装。句意：只有当我离开父母去意大利时，我才意识到我有多爱他们。结合句意可知，都是发生在过去的事情，前后时态一致，故使用一般过去时，only+状语从句位于句首，主句要使用部分倒装。故选D项。
8. B
【解析】考查倒装结构。句意：——你今晚去看电影吗?——如果你不去，我也不去。表示前面的情況同样适用于另外一个人，如果是肯定句，使用so+助动词/情态动词/系动词+另一主语；如果是否定句使用 neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/系动词+另一主语。根据“If you don’t go,”前半句是否定句，且if条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。故选B。
9. A
【解析】考查时态和倒装句。句意：——你明天打算去看电影吗？——我没有想好。如果你不去，我也不去。分析句子可知，if引导的条件状语从句，体现为“主将从现”（主句一般将来时，从句一般现在时）的原则；“我也是”的两种表达方法：so +助动词+主语，前句为陈述句的时候运用；nor +助动词+主语，前句为否定的形式运用。本处是主句，结合句意。故选A。
10. A
【解析】考查固定句型。句意：在阿富汗，人们一般都能活到45岁。分析句子可知，这是由It is/was +被强调部分 +that/who +其他部分构成的强调句型，本句被强调部分是地点状语。因此使用that引导主句部分。故选A项。
11. D
【解析】考查there be句型和时态。句意：恐怕下午3点有个会议。很遗憾我不能和你一起去。分析句子可知，句中涉及“there be”句型，根据句意和句中“at 3 pm”可知，句子陈述的是将要发生的事，故应用“there be”句型的一般将来时，句式为“there will be…”，故空格处应用“will be”。故选D项。
12. B
【解析】考查省略。句意：当被问及他对他的工作的看法时，Philip说，他觉得这个工作很有趣，很有意义。分析可知空格处是When引导的时间状语从句。完整的句子应该是：When ( he was) asked for his views about his job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.在该状语从句中，从句的主语是he，主句的主语是Philip ，指同一人；且从句中含有was，根据省略的条件，将从句中的he was省略。故选B。
13. B
【解析】考查强调句。句意：直到她摘下墨镜，我才意识到她是一位著名的电影明星。分析句子可知，本句为not…until…句型的强调句，句型为：It is/was not until +被强调部分+that+其他成分，所以空1为until；空2为that。故选B项。
14. C
【解析】考查省略句。句意：尽管缺钱，他父母还是设法送他上了大学。分析句子结构可知，逗号前为让步状语从句，从句主语和主句主语一致，省略了从句主语和be动词，his parents和lack为主动关系，需用现在分词形式，排除A项和D项；lack of意为“缺乏”，该词组中的lack是名词，不能与主语his parents搭配使用；C项中的lack是及物动词，直接加宾语，符合题意。故选C。
15. D
【解析】考查强调句。句意：直到2008年春天，萨拉和布朗乘坐一架从伦敦飞往华盛顿的飞机时，他们才真正了解了对方。本句考查强调句，其结构为It is/was +被强调部分 + that从句。本句强调时间状语not until spring 2008, when Sarah and Brown shared a flight between London and Washington, 故选D。
16. D
【解析】考查强调句式。句意：他知道，霍乱在发现其病因之前永远不会得到控制。分析句子结构可知，本句使用了“it be+强调部分+that+剩余”的强调句型，强调部分的cholera指物，是句子的主语，故选择D项。
17. C
【解析】考查状语从句省略。句意：当你受邀去你的中国朋友家中时，你最好准时到达，或者是早一点。分析句子结构可知，本句使用了时间状语从句的省略，正常表述应为“ When（you are）invited to your Chinese friend’s home”,在时间状语从句中，主句主语与从句主语一致，且从句谓语部分含有be动词，此时可以省略从句中的主语和be动词，故选C项。
18. B
【解析】考查强调句。句意：她是在国庆节见到她失散的姐姐的。分析可知，句子去掉“It was”和空处，句意仍然完整，所以该句为强调句，其结构为“It is/was+被强调部分+that+ 句子的其他成分”，如果被强调的部分是人，可以用who代替that，被强调部分为状语“on the National Day”，所以空处用that。故选B项。
19. B
【解析】考查省略句。句意：与整个地球的大小相比，最大的海洋似乎一点也不大。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词does not seem，空处需填非谓语动词形式，逻辑主语the biggest ocean和compare with为逻辑上的动宾关系，需用被动形式，排除A项和C项；此处陈述的是客观事实，不是表示正在进行的动作，排除D项；将“______ the size of the whole earth”看作时间状语从句，主句的主语和从句的主语一致，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，完整的从句是“when it is compared with the size of the whole earth”，省略了it is。故选B。
20. B
【解析】考查强调句型。句意：直到我们坐下来吃饭，我们才又回到汤姆的话题上。分析句子可知，本句使用了强调句型：It + is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 句子其它部分，如果被强调的部分是人，可以用who代替that。本句中强调的是时间状语从句“not until we had sat down to eat”，用that。故选B项。
21. C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析、过去分词和动词原形。句意：如果被吸入，坟墓中的病毒会导致疾病，甚至死亡。If 条件状语从句省略句，动词breathe (呼吸)的逻辑主语是viruses，被动关系，所以用过去分词breathed，原句为 If the viruses are breathed in；第二空，情态动词can后接动词原形，contribute to (导致)，lead to (导致)，result in (导致)，result from (由……导致)。故选C项。
22. A
【解析】考查省略。句意：史密斯教授，这是我刚写的一篇文章，如果有错误，请您通读一遍并改正错误，好吗? if any若有的话，为省略句，完整的句子是if there are any mistakes in the article。故选A。
23. C
【解析】考查省略。句意：坐在教室里，我对我未完成的作业感到紧张。当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时且谓语动词为 be，常省略从句的主语和 be 动词，即连词while后省略主语I was，是过去进行时，用现在分词。故选C。
24. C
【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：当我在街上骑车时，我听到有人叫我的名字。在while引导的时间状语从句中， 当从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可以省略从句中的主语和be 动词。由此可以推断，主句的主语是I，与ride之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故选C。
25. A
【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：如果被困在危险中，请冷静下来，立即呼救。本句为状语从句的省略，还原后为： if you are trapped，主从句主语一致，可省略从句的主语和be动词，故选A项。
26. B
【解析】考查省略句。句意：——你今晚想去看电影吗？——我很想去，但我太忙了。由句意可知，回答一方“想去看电影”，答句为“I'd like to go to the cinema tonight”，省略go to the cinema tonight，不可省略to。故选B项。
27. C
【解析】考查省略句。句意：除非被邀请发言，这里的大多数大学生喜欢在课堂上保持沉默。在unless引导的条件状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be，从句完整形式为“Unless most college students are invited to speak”，相当于省略了most college students are。故选C。
28. B
【解析】考查省略。句意：——你愿意来参加晚会吗?——我很乐意。句中回答运用了省略，完全句应该为：I'd love/like to come to the party。故选B。
29. B
【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：新体育场建成后将能容纳5万人。A. completing现在分词；B. completed过去分词；C. be completed被动语态；D. having completed现在分词完成式。在状语从句中，当从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且从句中包含be的某种形式时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be。根据句意，分析句子可知，“When ________, ”是句中时间状语从句，完整形式为 “When the new stadium is completed”，符合状语从句省略条件，省略“the new stadium is”后为“When completed”。故选B 项。
30. B
【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：虽然缺乏自信，Nora Xu在指挥合唱团方面做得非常好。lack意为“缺乏”，为及物动词，其后直接跟宾语，分析可知，本句的结构为状语从句的省略，其完整句式为：Though Nora Xu is lacking confidence, Nora Xu did extremely well in conducting a choir.状语从句的主语与句子主语一致，且从句中用到了be动词，所以省略了从句主语和be动词。结合选项，选项B符合题意，故选B。
31. C
【解析】考查强调句和非谓语动词。句意：直到他到了办公室，他才想起把钥匙忘在家里了。把It was和第一个空去掉，该句句意完整，可知，此句为强调句型，强调句的基本结构是：it is/was + 被强调部分+ that +句子的其他成分，如果被强调的部分是人，可以用who代替that，第一空填that；remember doing意为“记得做过某事”，符合本题语境，故选C。
32. A
【解析】考查强调句。句意：就在他要吃东西的时候，有人敲门。去掉It was和设空处句子依然完整，故句子为强调句，结构为it is/was+被强调的部分+who/that+其他部分，句中被强调的部分是when he was about to eat，是时间，因此空格处用that，故选A。
33. B
【解析】考查强调句。句意：正是他所说的让我生气。分析可知，删除it was和设空处句子依然完整，由此可知，此处为“it be+ 强调部分+ that（强调人时可用who）”结构强调句，强调部分为主语从句what he said，应用that。故选B。
34. C
【解析】考查定语从句和强调句。句意：你会不会是在我们昨晚谈话的房间里遗留了钥匙？第一空为定语从句修饰先行词room，先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导；第二空为强调句结构“it be+被强调部分+that+其它”，此处被强调部分为in the room ________ we had a talk last night，应用that。故选C。
35. C
【解析】考查强调句。句意：正是在父亲去世很久之后，我才理解他对我深深的爱。本句为强调句式“ it be +被强调部分+that+其余部分”。本句强调的是时间状语only after my father was long gone。故选C项。
36. B
【解析】考查强调句。句意：——我想知道是什么使一些学生放弃了今年的高考。——可能是目前的就业状况。强调句的特殊疑问句形式为“特殊疑可词+is/ was + it + that +其他成分”。此处强调句充当wonder的宾语，应用陈述语序。故选B。
37. D
【解析】考查强调句和固定短语。句意：是司机还是过路人应该为这次事故负责？分析句子可知，句子为强调句，句式为“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分”，被强调部分为句子主语，为人，故空格一处应用“that”或“who”，排除A，空格二处涉及固定短语“be to blame for…”，意为“该为……负责”，故空格二处应填“to blame”。故选D项。
38. C
【解析】考查名词性从句和强调句。句意：托尼经常背着父母玩电脑游戏，这使他的父母担心他。第一空考查主语从句，从句不缺少成分且句意完整，所以用连接词that引导。that在句中不做成分，当主语从句位于句首时，不能省略。第二空考查强调句，强调句的结构为It is/was +强调部分 + that从句。本句强调主语that Tony often plays computer games behind his parents’ back。故选C。
39. C
【解析】考查强调句。句意：惹恼我的是他的意思，而不是他的所作所为。分析可知，去掉设空处和句首的it was本句依然完整，由此可知此处考查强调句：it be+强调部分+ that...（强调人时可用who），本句强调部分为物，应用that。故选C。
40. D
【解析】考查时态、定语从句和强调句。句意：就是在这个上个月刚刚建成的新大厅里，我们昨天开了一个重要的会议。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知，谓语动词用was。第二空考查定语从句，句中先行词为new hall，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。最后一空考查强调结构It’s +强调部分 + that从句，本句强调地点状语in this new hall。故选D。
41. D
【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：尽管被警告有危险，老人仍然独自走进丛林，身边只带着一条狗。though引导的让步状语从句中，当从包主语与主句主语一致且含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be，本句完整形式为Though he was warned of the danger。故选D。
42. B
【解析】考查强调句。句意：他的成功和运气没有关系，是他多年的努力造就了他的今天。A. which哪一个；B. that那个；C. what什么；D. \ (不填)。分析句子可知，该句是个强调句。强调句的基本结构：It is+强调部分+that+其余部分。判断是否是强调句的方法是：去掉it和that之后剩余部分正好构成完整句子即为强调句型。故选B项。
43. A
【解析】考查倒装。句意：虽然学校生活很有压力，但我们仍然觉得它很有趣。as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前(形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前)。本句的结构为：形容词+as/ though+主语+动词。故选A。
44. C
【解析】考查强调句式。句意：你是在天津度过童年的吗。分析句子可知，本句为强调句式的一般疑问句，Is/Was it +强调部分+that+剩余句子部分。故选C项。
45. C
【解析】考查省略句。句意：如果经过科学训练，这种狗就能给盲人当向导。在if引导的状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be；此处主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，从句完整形式为“If this kind of dog is trained in a scientific way”，相当于省略了this kind of dog is。故选C。