人教版英语八年级下册Unit8-10语法重难点：现在完成时 专项复习学案 (有答案)

这是一份人教版英语八年级下册Unit8-10语法重难点：现在完成时 专项复习学案 (有答案)，共6页。
人教版英语八年级下册Units 8-10语法重难点：现在完成时 专项复习学案  一. 定义：①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果例：Yesterday I finished my homework, that’s to say, I have finished my homework now.②过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续例：I have lived in Guangzhou since 2016, that’s to say, I have lived here for 4 years so far. 二. 构成方法:现在完成时由“have (has) + 过去分词”构成。（have /has在现在完成时中作助动词；否定式: have/has not  (缩写为haven’t/hasn’t) + 过去分词） 三. 基本用法:(1) 动作已完成 (强调影响性)。该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作在过去已经完成，并且这个过去发生并完成的动作对现在产生影响或结果，同时说话强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果：She’s gone to bed. 她睡觉了。（结果：她现在在床上）Have you seen my key? 你看到我的钥匙了吗?（结果：你知道它在哪里吗?）He has eaten nothing today. 他今天什么也没吃。（结果：他现在一定很饿。）(2) 动作未完成 (强调持续性)。该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作并未在过去完成，而是一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去(也可能到此结束)：Have you waited long? 你等了很久吗？We have been busy this afternoon. 今天下午我们一直很忙。I抳e waited a week for your answer. 等你的回答我等了一个星期。除以上用法外，现在完成时还可表示过去的重复动作甚至将来动作：He has always gone to work by bike. 他总是骑自行车上班。I’ll go to bed when I have finished my homework. 我做完作业后就上床睡觉了。 四. 现在完成时重难点:(1) since 与for 的用法since 意为“自从”，作连词引导时间状语，句子(主句)谓语通常都用现在完成时：He has lived here since 2009. 自2009年以来，他就一直住在这儿。I haven’t heard from him since he left. 他走之后我还没接到过他的信。强调时间长度时，通常用一般现在时代替现在完成时：It is ten years since he left here. 他离开这儿已10年了。★现在完成时中since常见的三种句型：A).主语+have/has +延续性动词的过去分词+since … ago .His grandfather has __been__ __dead__ for two years.B).It’s +时间段+since +短暂性动词的过去式__It’s__two years __since__ his grandfather __died__.C).时间段+has passed +since +短暂性动词的过去式Two years __has__ __passed__ __since__ his grandfather __died__.★时间“点”、“段”须分清：过去开始的动作可以延续到某一点结束,也可能继续延续,这时就要根据时间“点”、“段”选择相应的介词for或since。如:
He has been away for two years. 他已走了两年。  (for+时间段)
He has been an English teacher since 2012. 自从2012年以来他一直当教师。  (since+过去某一时间点)(2)现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时强调动作已完成时用法很容易与一般过去时相混淆。其区别是：前者强调对现在的影响和结果，后者不强调这个影响和结果，而是强调这个动作发生的时间是在过去： I have lived here for ten years. 我在这里住了10年。 (现在仍住这儿)I lived here for ten years. 我在这里住过10年。 (现在不住这儿了)在有些情况下(如与副词just, before, recently等连用时)，用现在完成时和一般过去时均可：He (has) just left the office. 他刚刚离开办公室。I (have) read the book before. 我以前读过这本书。I saw (have seen) her recently. 我最近见过她。(3) have been to 和 have gone to两者均可后接地点，前者表示去过某地，通常可与表示次数的状语连用；后者表示到某地去了，强调说话的当时去某地的人不在场。比较：He has been to Beijing three times. 他去过北京三次。(去过了，人已经回来了)He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了。(人现在不在这儿，还没回来)(4) 现在完成时态中延续性与非延续性动词使用的区别：
1. 有一些动词是瞬间动词，也叫非延续性动词，这些动词一发生就结束了，常见的有：come、
go、arrive、reach、leave、begin、start、leave、buy、join、die、borrow、become、get up、open、stop等，这些动词虽然可以用于现在完成时，但由于他们不能延续，所以不能跟表示一段的时间状语连用，若要解决这个问题，就需要把其改为相应的延续性动词或短语，主要有以下几种：
A. 变为相应的延续性动词，如：buy—have  borrow—keep  come/go/become—be
                             Put on—wear  catch a cold—have a cold
B 转化成be+名词，如：join—be a member of  go to school—be a student
C 转化成be+形容词或副词，如：die-be dead leave—be away  begin—be on  finish-be over fall asleep-be asleep  open-be open  get up-be up  close-closed
D. 转化成be+介词短语，如; come to/go to/arrive in(at)/get to/reach—be in  join the army—be in the army
  Eg:  I have borrowed the book.    I have kept the book for two days.
      Jim has joined the band.    Jim has been a member of the band for one month. His grandfather has died.    His grandfather has been dead for two years.My father has arrived in Shanghai.    My father has been in Shanghai for one week.2. 在否定句中，非延续性动词也可以与时间段连用
Eg:  I haven’t borrowed books from the library since last year.
     Jim hasn’t come back for one year.3. 常见非延续性动词对应的延续性动词归纳：非延续性延续性非延续性延续性非延续性延续性becomebefall asleepbe asleepjoinbe in/be a member ofborrowkeepmake friendsbe friendsbegin/startbe onbuyhavefinishbe overcome/gobe here/thereget upbe upleavebe away（from）diebe deadopenbe openclosebe closedget marriedbe married  现在完成时专项练习：一. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. I________already_______(see) the film. I__________(see) it last week.2. — __________he _________(finish) his work today?  — Not yet.3. — __________ you ___________(be) to Hong Kong?  — Yes, I __________(be) there twice.4. —  __________ you ever _______ (eat ) chocolate sundaes (圣代) ?  — No, never.5. My father_________ just _______(come) back from work. He is tired now.6. — Where's Li Ming? I can’t find him.  — He _________(go) to the teacher's office.7. Shanghai ___________(be) a small town hundreds of years ago. Now it ___________ (become) a large city.8. I __________(work) here since I ___________ (move) here in April, 2019.9. So far I  __________ (make) quite a few friends here.10. — How long __________the Wangs________ (stay) here ?    — For two weeks.二. 句型转换。1. I have been to Macau before. (改为否定句)  I ___________ ________ been to Macau before.2. He hasn't come to school because he's ill. (就划线部分提问) ________ ________ he come to school?3. He has learned English for 5 years. (就划线部分提问) _______ ______ _______ __________learned English?4. I bought a new bike just now. (用just改写)  I____________just_____________a new bike.5. We began to learn English three years ago. (改为同义句)  We_________ _________English _________three years. 三. 用for 或since填空。1. Jill has been in Ireland________Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland__________three days.3. My aunt has lived in Australia_______15 days.4. Margaret is in her office. She has been there_____7 o'clock.5. India has been an independent country________1974.6. The bus is late. We've been waiting________20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ________ many years.8. Mike has been ill________a long time. He has been in hospital ________October四. 单项选择。(    )1. — Oh, Mrs. King, your necklace looks nice. Is it new?
       — No, I ____ it for two years.
       A. had     B. have had     C. bought    D. have bought
(    )2. His grandfather _____ for over two years.
       A. has died     B. has been dead     C. has dead     D. died
(    )3.Uncle Li can speak English very well because he _____ England for 5 years.    A. has gone to     B. has been to     C. has come to     D. has been in
(    )4. — Where is Mr. Zhang?    — He _____ London. He will come back in two weeks.
       A. has been to     B. has been     C. has gone     D. has gone to
(    )5. — _____ to the United States?     — No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago.
       A. Have you been     B. Have you gone     C. Did you go     D. Will you  (    )6. I haven’t seen you _____ last Friday.
       A. for     B. since     C. from     D. on(    )7. — John, you ____ the computer game for two hours. It’s bad for your eyes. Stop, please!                  — OK, Mum.
       A. played      B. have played     C. were playing      D. play
(    )8.I won’t go to the concert because I _____ my ticket yesterday.
       A. lost       B. don’t lose      C. have lost      D. will lost 现在完成时专项练习 参考答案：一、1. have seen；saw2. has finished3. have been；have been4. have eaten5. has come6. has gone7. was; has become8. have worked; moved9. have made10. have stayed二、1. have never2. why hasn’t3. how long has he4. have bought5. have learned; for三、1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since 6. for 7. for 8. for；since四、1. B 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. A